CN112725706B - Steel cylinder sleeve material and preparation method of steel cylinder sleeve - Google Patents
Steel cylinder sleeve material and preparation method of steel cylinder sleeve Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of cylinder sleeves, and particularly relates to a steel cylinder sleeve material and a preparation method of a steel cylinder sleeve. The chemical components of the steel cylinder sleeve material comprise the following components in percentage by mass: c: 0.15-0.25%, Cr: 1.0% -2.5%, Mn: 1.5% -2.5%, Si: 0.5% -2.0%, Mo: 0.1% -0.5%, V: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S and the balance of Fe. The steel cylinder sleeve material has higher strength and rigidity after all elements are used together, and can bear higher detonation pressure by using thinner wall thickness. And the wear-resistant steel also has higher hardness, so that the wear resistance of the steel can be further improved when the steel is applied as a cylinder sleeve.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of cylinder sleeves, and particularly relates to a steel cylinder sleeve material and a preparation method of a steel cylinder sleeve.
Background
The engine technology is developed towards the directions of high power, high detonation pressure, light weight and long service life at present. The materials of the current cylinder sleeve mainly comprise cast iron, steel and aluminum-silicon alloy, wherein the cast iron comprises gray cast iron, vermicular cast iron and nodular cast iron. The method is most widely applied at present due to mature process and low cost. However, as internal combustion engines develop, the cylinder liners require greater strength, stiffness, wear resistance, and cavitation resistance. The demand for high-performance cylinder sleeves is increasing day by day in the industry, and the cylinder sleeves produced by using traditional materials and production processes cannot meet the current market demand, so that the overall development of the quality of the internal combustion engine industry in China is severely restricted.
Application publication number CN105331898A discloses a bainite steel cylinder sleeve and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following components by mass percent: 0.25-0.35% of C, 1.5-1.8% of Mn, 0.50-0.60% of Mo, 0.30-0.40% of Cr, 0.0030-0.0038% of B, less than 0.03% of P, less than 0.03% of S, and the balance of iron. The cylinder sleeve improves the hardness and the rigidity to a certain degree, but the improvement degree is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steel cylinder sleeve material, which further improves the core indexes of the cylinder sleeve, such as strength, rigidity, hardness and the like.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the steel cylinder sleeve.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the steel cylinder sleeve material is as follows:
a steel cylinder sleeve material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.15-0.25%, Cr: 1.0% -2.5%, Mn: 1.5% -2.5%, Si: 0.5% -2.0%, Mo: 0.1% -0.5%, V: 0.1 to 0.5 percent of the total weight of the alloy, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S and the balance of Fe.
In the steel cylinder sleeve material, the alloy element C has the function of improving hardenability and forms a high-temperature VC phase with V to play a role in refining original austenite grains; the alloy element Mn has the function of improving hardenability; the function of the alloy element Si is to inhibit the growth of carbide in the tempering process and improve the tempering resistance; the function of the alloy element Mo is to improve the pitting corrosion resistance and cavitation corrosion resistance of the steel; the function of the alloy element V is to form a VC phase with the element C; the element P, S is harmful impurity element, and is controlled below 0.02%.
The steel cylinder sleeve material has higher strength and rigidity after all elements are used together, and can bear higher detonation pressure by using thinner wall thickness. And the wear-resistant steel also has higher hardness, so that the wear resistance of the steel can be further improved when the steel is applied as a cylinder sleeve.
The technical scheme of the preparation method of the steel cylinder sleeve is as follows:
a preparation method of a steel cylinder sleeve comprises the following steps: taking raw materials according to chemical component proportion, smelting, and pouring or continuously casting under the condition that the temperature does not exceed 1550 ℃ to obtain a solid ingot; perforating the solid cast ingot to prepare a blank pipe, then carrying out hot rolling to obtain a blank pipe, and carrying out mechanical processing and heat treatment on the blank pipe; the heat treatment comprises the steps of carrying out high-frequency quenching and tempering treatment on an inner hole of a workpiece, and obtaining a material structure which is martensite and a carbide hardening phase distributed in a dispersion manner.
According to the preparation method of the steel cylinder sleeve, after casting, rolling is adopted to match reasonable heat treatment, the obtained material structure is martensite and a carbide hardening phase which is distributed in a fine and dispersed manner, and the cylinder sleeve has good structure uniformity and excellent cavitation corrosion resistance; compared with the existing steel cylinder sleeve, the steel cylinder sleeve does not need normalizing or quenching and tempering treatment, thereby simplifying the flow and reducing the production cost.
The preparation method selects corresponding raw materials according to chemical component proportion, such as scrap steel, ferrochrome, ferrosilicon, pig iron, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium and the like.
Preferably, the high-frequency quenching is carried out to ensure that the thickness of the hardening layer reaches 0.4mm-0.9mm and the hardness reaches more than 42 HRC. More preferably, the frequency of the high-frequency quenching is 80 kHz-120 kHz, the power is 100 kW-120 kW, the induced current is 16A-20A, and the moving speed of the induction coil is 800 mm/min-900 mm/min.
The tempering temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the tempering time is 2-3 h. More preferably, the tempering temperature is 200 ℃ to 250 ℃.
Preferably, the smelting comprises adding aluminum to the molten steel for deoxidation and then feeding a calcium silicate wire. The mass of the added aluminum is 0.1-0.2% of the mass of the molten steel. The mass of the fed calcium silicate wire is 0.1 to 0.25 percent of the mass of the molten steel. The aluminum and the calcium silicate wires are added components, and can be regarded as having no influence on the components of the molten steel after playing respective roles.
Preferably, the temperature of the pouring or continuous casting is 1500-1550 ℃. The casting at the temperature can reduce the burning loss of alloy elements and avoid the over-coarse cast structure.
Preferably, the hot rolling temperature is 900-960 ℃. The hot rolling is carried out at the temperature, so that the matrix can be fully austenitized and the austenite grains can not be obviously grown.
Preferably, the machining includes rough machining and finish machining, and the heat treatment is performed after the rough machining and before the finish machining. Preferably, rough machining includes rough turning excircle, thick bore hole and repaiies the car excircle, finish machining includes rough honing hole, mills car terminal surface, finish turning excircle, finish honing hole.
The following comparison of the performance of the steel cylinder liner of the present invention with existing cylinder liners is summarized as follows:
the tensile strength of the cast iron cylinder sleeve is generally 200 MPa-400 MPa, and the elastic modulus is 110 GPa-150 GPa; the tensile strength of the steel cylinder sleeve exceeds 1100MPa, and the elastic modulus is more than 200 GPa.
The hardness of the gray cast iron cylinder sleeve is 220 HBS-260 HBS, and the hardness of the steel cylinder sleeve exceeds 330 HBS.
Compared with the existing steel cylinder sleeve, the steel cylinder sleeve material provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure is finer, the indexes such as rigidity, strength and hardness are further improved, the corrosion resistance is good, and the higher requirements of the development of the internal combustion engine industry on the cylinder sleeve can be met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a metallographic structure diagram of a cylinder liner manufactured in example 6 of the invention;
fig. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a cylinder liner manufactured according to example 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to further illustrate the practice of the invention.
First, the concrete embodiment of the steel cylinder liner material of the invention
Example 1
The steel cylinder liner material of the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.15%, Cr: 1.0%, Mn: 1.5%, Si: 0.5%, Mo: 0.1%, V: 0.1%, P: 0.01%, S: 0.01 percent, and the balance being Fe.
Example 2
The steel cylinder liner material of the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.25%, Cr: 2.5%, Mn: 2.5%, Si: 2.0%, Mo: 0.5%, V: 0.5%, P: 0.02%, S: 0.02% and the balance Fe.
Example 3
The steel cylinder liner material of the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.18%, Cr: 1.0%, Mn: 1.5%, Si: 1.5%, Mo: 0.1%, V: 0.1%, P: 0.01%, S: 0.0 percent and the balance of Fe.
Example 4
The steel cylinder liner material of the embodiment comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.23%, Cr: 1.6%, Mn: 2.0%, Si: 0.8%, Mo: 0.3%, V: 0.3%, P: 0.01%, S: 0.01 percent, and the balance being Fe.
Second, the concrete embodiment of the method for manufacturing a steel cylinder liner of the present invention
Example 5
The preparation method of the steel cylinder liner of the embodiment has the same chemical composition as the cylinder liner material of the embodiment 1, the outer diameter of the cylinder liner is phi 80mm, and the thickness of the cylinder liner is 0.6mm, and the preparation method comprises the following steps:
1) taking raw materials according to the chemical component ratio, putting the raw materials into a furnace, heating and melting the raw materials, adding 0.10% of aluminum into molten steel for deoxidation, then feeding calcium silicate wire accounting for 0.1% of the mass of the molten steel into the molten steel, and pouring at 1500 ℃ to obtain a solid ingot.
2) And (3) perforating the solid ingot to prepare a blank pipe, and then hot rolling the blank pipe to obtain a blank pipe, wherein the hot rolling temperature is controlled at 910 ℃.
3) And cutting the cooled blank pipe according to the size, and sequentially carrying out rough machining, heat treatment and finish machining. The rough machining process comprises the following steps: roughly turning an outer circle → roughly turning an inner hole of the chamber → trimming an outer circle.
And carrying out high-frequency quenching and tempering on the inner hole of the workpiece, wherein the frequency of the high-frequency quenching is 100kHz, the power is 110kW, the induced current is 18A, and the moving speed of the induction coil is 850 mm/min. After high-frequency quenching, the thickness of a hardening layer reaches 0.4mm, and the hardness reaches 42 HRC. Tempering is carried out at 200 ℃ for 3 h.
The fine processing procedure comprises: roughly honing the inner hole → milling the end face → finely turning the outer circle → finely honing the inner hole.
Example 6
The preparation method of the steel cylinder liner of the embodiment has the same chemical composition as the cylinder liner material of the embodiment 2, the outer diameter of the cylinder liner is phi 130mm, and the thickness of the cylinder liner is 1.5mm, and comprises the following steps:
1) the raw materials are taken according to the chemical component proportion and put into a furnace to be heated and melted, 0.15 percent of aluminum is added into the molten steel to be deoxidized, then, a calcium silicate wire with the mass of 0.2 percent of the molten steel is fed into the molten steel, and the casting is carried out under the condition of 1550 ℃ to obtain the solid ingot.
2) And (3) perforating the solid ingot to prepare a blank pipe, and then hot rolling the blank pipe to obtain a blank pipe, wherein the hot rolling temperature is controlled at 960 ℃.
3) And cutting the cooled blank pipe according to the size, and sequentially carrying out rough machining, heat treatment and finish machining. The rough machining process comprises the following steps: roughly turning an outer circle → roughly turning an inner hole of the chamber → trimming an outer circle.
And carrying out high-frequency quenching and tempering on the inner hole of the workpiece, wherein the frequency of the high-frequency quenching is 120kHz, the power is 120kW, the induced current is 20A, and the moving speed of the induction coil is 900 mm/min. After high-frequency quenching, the thickness of a hardening layer reaches 0.9mm, and the hardness reaches 44 HRC. Tempering is carried out at 250 ℃ for 2 h.
The fine processing procedure comprises: roughly honing the inner hole → milling the end face → finely turning the outer circle → finely honing the inner hole.
Example 7
The method for preparing the steel cylinder liner of the embodiment has the same chemical composition as the cylinder liner material of the embodiment 3, the outer diameter of the cylinder liner is phi 90mm, and the thickness of the cylinder liner is 1.0mm, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) the raw materials are taken according to the chemical component ratio and put into a furnace to be heated and melted, 0.20 percent of aluminum is added into the molten steel to be deoxidized, then, a calcium silicate wire accounting for 0.25 percent of the mass of the molten steel is fed into the molten steel, and casting is carried out under the condition of 1520 ℃ to obtain the solid ingot.
2) And (3) perforating the solid ingot to prepare a blank pipe, and then hot rolling the blank pipe to prepare a blank pipe, wherein the hot rolling temperature is controlled at 950 ℃.
3) And cutting the cooled blank pipe according to the size, and sequentially carrying out rough machining, heat treatment and finish machining. The rough machining process comprises the following steps: roughly turning an outer circle → roughly turning an inner hole of the chamber → trimming an outer circle.
And carrying out high-frequency quenching and tempering on the inner hole of the workpiece, wherein the frequency of the high-frequency quenching is 80kHz, the power is 100kW, the induced current is 16A, and the moving speed of the induction coil is 800 mm/min. After high-frequency quenching, the thickness of a hardening layer reaches 0.5mm, and the hardness reaches 43 HRC. Tempering is carried out at 220 ℃ for 2.5 h.
The fine processing procedure comprises: roughly honing the inner hole → milling the end face → finely turning the outer circle → finely honing the inner hole.
Example 8
The method for preparing the steel cylinder liner of the embodiment has the same chemical composition as the cylinder liner material of the embodiment 4, the outer diameter of the cylinder liner is phi 100mm, and the thickness of the cylinder liner is 1.2mm, and the method comprises the following steps:
1) the raw materials are taken according to the chemical component proportion and put into a furnace to be heated and melted, 0.18 percent of aluminum is added into the molten steel to be deoxidized, then, a calcium-silicon line with the mass of 0.2 percent of the molten steel is fed into the molten steel, and the casting is carried out under the condition of 1530 ℃, so as to obtain the solid ingot.
2) And (3) perforating the solid ingot to prepare a blank pipe, and then hot rolling the blank pipe to prepare a blank pipe, wherein the hot rolling temperature is controlled at 940 ℃.
3) And cutting the cooled blank pipe according to the size, and sequentially carrying out rough machining, heat treatment and finish machining. The rough machining process comprises the following steps: roughly turning an outer circle → roughly turning an inner hole of the chamber → trimming an outer circle.
And carrying out high-frequency quenching and tempering on the inner hole of the workpiece, wherein the frequency of the high-frequency quenching is 110kHz, the power is 100kW, the induced current is 16A, and the moving speed of the induction coil is 800 mm/min. After high-frequency quenching, the thickness of a hardening layer reaches 0.6mm, and the hardness reaches 42 HRC.
Tempering is carried out at 250 ℃ for 2 h.
The fine processing procedure comprises: roughly honing the inner hole → milling the end face → finely turning the outer circle → finely honing the inner hole.
By using the preparation method of the embodiment, the high-efficiency preparation of the cylinder sleeve with the outer diameter of phi 80 mm-phi 130mm and the thickness of 0.6mm-1.5mm can be realized.
Third, Experimental example
Experimental example 1
In this experimental example, the cylinder liners of examples 1 to 4 were subjected to performance tests, and the results are shown in table 1. Wherein, the tensile test adopts GB/T228.1-2010 metallic material tensile test part 1: room temperature test method, Brinell hardness test GB/T231.1-2002 section 1 of Metal Brinell hardness test: test methods.
TABLE 1 Cylinder liner Performance test indexes of examples 1-4
| Example numbering | Tensile strength, MPa | Modulus of elasticity, GPa | Hardness, HBS |
| Example 1 | 1100 | 200 | 330 |
| Example 2 | 1400 | 206 | 410 |
| Example 3 | 1200 | 203 | 356 |
| Example 4 | 1300 | 205 | 380 |
The results in table 1 show that the tensile strength of the cylinder liner of the embodiment is 1100 to 1400MPa, the elastic modulus is 200 to 206Gpa, and the hardness is 330 to 410HBS, and the cylinder liner of the embodiment has high strength, rigidity and hardness, and thus has good wear resistance.
Experimental example 2
The present experimental example analyzed the metallographic structure of the cylinder liner prepared in example 6, and the results are shown in fig. 1. The scanning electron micrograph of the cylinder liner is shown in fig. 2.
As can be seen from figures 1 and 2, a plurality of carbides are distributed in the lath martensite matrix, the structure uniformity is good, and the carbides are distributed in a dispersion manner, so that the material is endowed with higher strength and good wear resistance.
Claims (8)
1. The steel cylinder sleeve material is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.15% -0.25%, Cr: 1.0% -2.5%, Mn: 1.5% -2.5%, Si: 0.5% -2.0%, Mo: 0.1% -0.5%, V: 0.1-0.5%, P is less than or equal to 0.02%, S is less than or equal to 0.02%, and the balance is Fe;
the preparation method of the steel cylinder sleeve material comprises the following steps: taking the raw materials according to the chemical component proportion of the steel cylinder sleeve material, smelting, and pouring or continuously casting at the temperature of less than 1550 ℃ to obtain a solid ingot; perforating the solid cast ingot to prepare a blank pipe, then carrying out hot rolling to obtain a blank pipe, and carrying out mechanical processing and heat treatment on the blank pipe; the heat treatment comprises the steps of carrying out high-frequency quenching and tempering treatment on an inner hole of a workpiece to obtain a material structure comprising martensite and a carbide hardening phase which is dispersed;
the high-frequency quenching enables the thickness of the hardened layer to reach 0.4mm-0.9mm and the hardness to reach more than 42 HRC;
the thickness of the steel cylinder sleeve is 0.6-1.5 mm.
2. The preparation method of the steel cylinder sleeve is characterized by comprising the following steps of: smelting the raw materials according to the chemical component proportion of the steel cylinder sleeve material of claim 1, and pouring or continuously casting at the temperature of not more than 1550 ℃ to obtain a solid ingot; perforating the solid cast ingot to prepare a blank pipe, then carrying out hot rolling to obtain a blank pipe, and carrying out mechanical processing and heat treatment on the blank pipe; the heat treatment comprises the steps of carrying out high-frequency quenching and tempering treatment on an inner hole of a workpiece to obtain a material structure comprising martensite and a carbide hardening phase which is dispersed;
the high-frequency quenching enables the thickness of the hardened layer to reach 0.4mm-0.9mm and the hardness to reach more than 42 HRC;
the thickness of the steel cylinder sleeve is 0.6-1.5 mm.
3. The method for manufacturing a steel cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein the tempering temperature is 200 ℃ to 300 ℃ and the tempering time is 2h to 3 h.
4. The method of manufacturing a steel cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein said melting comprises adding aluminum to the molten steel to deoxidize and then feeding calcium silicate wire.
5. The method for manufacturing a steel cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein the temperature of the casting or continuous casting is 1500-1550 ℃.
6. The method for manufacturing a steel cylinder liner according to claim 2, wherein the hot rolling temperature is 900 to 960 ℃.
7. The method for manufacturing a steel cylinder liner according to any one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the machining includes rough machining and finish machining, and the heat treatment is performed after the rough machining and before the finish machining.
8. The method of manufacturing a steel cylinder liner according to claim 7, wherein the rough machining includes rough turning of an outer circumference, a rough bore inner bore, and finishing of an outer circumference, and the finishing includes rough honing of an inner bore, milling of an end face, finish turning of an outer circumference, and finish honing of an inner bore.
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