CN111979493B - Steel cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Steel cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111979493B
CN111979493B CN202011040234.0A CN202011040234A CN111979493B CN 111979493 B CN111979493 B CN 111979493B CN 202011040234 A CN202011040234 A CN 202011040234A CN 111979493 B CN111979493 B CN 111979493B
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cylinder sleeve
steel cylinder
steel
carrying
temperature
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CN111979493A (en
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姜玉领
行鹏举
宋晓琳
成晶晶
郭进京
刘祥志
秦小才
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ZYNP Corp
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • C21D1/20Isothermal quenching, e.g. bainitic hardening
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C33/00Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C38/00Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002Bainite
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a preparation method of a steel cylinder sleeve, which comprises the following steps: A) smelting after the material preparation is finished to obtain molten steel with the following components; B) carrying out centrifugal casting on the molten steel to obtain a steel cylinder sleeve blank; C) and carrying out austenitizing heat treatment on the steel cylinder sleeve blank and then carrying out isothermal quenching to obtain the steel cylinder sleeve. According to the method, the low-manganese alloy steel cylinder sleeve blank is prepared by a centrifugal casting method, and then austenitizing and isothermal salt bath quenching are performed to convert a matrix into bainite and partial martensite, so that the obtained steel cylinder sleeve has high strength, wear resistance, anti-explosion performance and better anti-cavitation performance.

Description

Steel cylinder sleeve and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cylinder liner manufacturing, in particular to a steel cylinder liner and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The cylinder sleeve is a cylindrical part and is arranged in a cylinder body hole of a machine body, and the cylinder sleeve is tightly pressed and fixed by a cylinder cover. The piston reciprocates in its bore and is cooled by cooling water located externally thereof. And the cylinder head and the piston together form a cylinder working space.
The existing cylinder sleeve is made of cast iron, and the cylinder sleeve made of the cast iron has the phenomena of low strength, easy cracking, platform falling and the like for a wet cylinder sleeve, particularly for a high-detonation pressure and high-power engine, and meanwhile, due to the existence of graphite, the cavitation corrosion resistance is generally poor, particularly for engineering machinery, the cavitation corrosion performance is particularly obvious, and sometimes even cavitation perforation causes the engine to be scrapped. Therefore, the development of the cylinder sleeve with high strength, high wear resistance, high anti-explosion performance and cavitation resistance is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a steel cylinder sleeve and a preparation method thereof, and the steel cylinder sleeve prepared by the method has higher strength, better wear resistance, higher anti-explosion performance and better anti-cavitation performance.
In view of this, the present application provides a method for manufacturing a steel cylinder liner, including the following steps:
A) smelting after the material preparation is finished to obtain molten steel with the following components: 0.1-0.2 wt% of C, 0.6-1.4 wt% of Mn, 0.30-0.35 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of S and the balance of Fe;
B) carrying out centrifugal casting on the molten steel to obtain a steel cylinder sleeve blank;
C) and carrying out austenitizing heat treatment on the steel cylinder sleeve blank and then carrying out isothermal quenching to obtain the steel cylinder sleeve.
Preferably, the smelting further comprises the following steps:
and adding a deoxidizing agent and a deslagging agent into the molten steel, raising the temperature to 1600-1700 ℃, slagging off and standing.
Preferably, the heat treatment temperature is 900-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the heat treatment is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the temperature of the heat treatment is 910-930 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the heat treatment is 1 h.
Preferably, the cooling medium for isothermal quenching is a salt bath.
Preferably, the temperature of the salt bath is 300-400 ℃, and the time of the salt bath is 1-2 hours.
Preferably, the temperature of the salt bath is 320-360 ℃, and the time of the salt bath is 1 h.
The application also provides the steel cylinder sleeve prepared by the preparation method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: 0.1-0.2 wt% of C, 0.6-1.4 wt% of Mn, 0.30-0.35 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of S and the balance Fe.
The application provides a preparation method of a steel cylinder sleeve, which comprises the steps of smelting, centrifugal casting, austenitizing and isothermal quenching in sequence, wherein in the process, the austenitizing heat treatment mode enables the structure to be fully austenitized, and then the structure is rapidly cooled at a speed higher than the critical cooling speed to obtain bainite and partial martensite so as to obtain the steel cylinder sleeve with higher strength, higher hardness and better wear resistance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a metallographic photograph of a steel cylinder liner prepared in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a further understanding of the invention, reference will now be made to the preferred embodiments of the invention by way of example, and it is to be understood that the description is intended to further illustrate features and advantages of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the claims.
In view of the problems of low strength, low high detonation pressure resistance and high power of the cylinder sleeve in the prior art, the application designs the low manganese alloy steel cylinder sleeve and provides the preparation method thereof, so that the hardness, the elastic modulus and the strength of the steel cylinder sleeve are higher, the high detonation pressure and the high power of an engine are improved, the cavitation resistance of the cylinder sleeve is simultaneously solved, and the utilization rate of materials is improved; because the toughness of the steel cylinder sleeve is better, the failure occurrence of cylinder collapse, platform falling and the like is reduced, and meanwhile, the cast steel cylinder sleeve is thinner than the cast iron material, thereby achieving the purposes of energy conservation and environmental protection. Specifically, the embodiment of the invention discloses a preparation method of a steel cylinder sleeve, which comprises the following steps:
A) smelting after the material preparation is finished to obtain molten steel with the following components: 0.1-0.2 wt% of C, 0.6-1.4 wt% of Mn, 0.30-0.35 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of S and the balance of Fe;
B) carrying out centrifugal casting on the molten steel to obtain a steel cylinder sleeve blank;
C) and carrying out austenitizing heat treatment on the steel cylinder sleeve blank and then carrying out isothermal quenching to obtain the steel cylinder sleeve.
In the process of preparing the steel cylinder sleeve, the steel cylinder sleeve is firstly prepared and smelted to obtain molten steel; in order to save raw materials and avoid the loss of raw materials, preferably adopt carbon steel waste to smelt at 1600 ~ 1700 ℃ in this application, add silicon steel and ferromanganese after melting completely to make the composition of molten steel satisfy: 0.1-0.2 wt% of C, 0.6-1.4 wt% of Mn, 0.30-0.35 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of S and the balance Fe.
In order to improve the purity of the molten steel, a deoxidizer and a slag removing agent are preferably added into the molten steel for deoxidation and slag removal, the temperature is continuously increased to 1650-1750 ℃, and slag removal and standing are carried out.
This application then carries out centrifugal casting with the molten steel, centrifugal casting specifically adopts multistation centrifugal casting machine to carry out centrifugal casting, and it is gone on under high-speed rotation, and the blank tissue that consequently obtains is more compact, and the gas pocket is got rid of with pressing from both sides the sediment more easily for the quality of cylinder liner is more stable, has improved the life of cylinder liner.
According to the invention, the centrifugally cast steel cylinder liner blank is then subjected to a heat treatment, in particular to a tissue austenitization, i.e. the tissue obtained after the heat treatment is austenite. In the process, the temperature of the heat treatment is 900-1000 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1-2 h; more specifically, the temperature of the heat treatment is 910-930 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h; below this temperature there is an incomplete austenite transformation; keeping the temperature for 1 hour to ensure that the whole cylinder sleeve is fully austenitized, and if the time is too short, incomplete austenitizing may exist in the middle. After the heat treatment, the method adopts an isothermal quenching mode, namely the steel cylinder sleeve is heated to be more than AC3 or AC1, the temperature is kept for a period of time, the structure is fully austenitized, and then the steel cylinder sleeve is rapidly cooled at a speed higher than the critical cooling speed to obtain a bainite structure and a part of martensite structure so as to obtain the steel cylinder sleeve with high hardness, high strength and better wear resistance; the isothermal quenching is carried out in a salt bath furnace, the temperature of the salt bath furnace is 300-400 ℃, and the time is 1-2 hours; more specifically, the temperature of the salt bath furnace is 320-360 ℃, and the time is 1 h; the structure of the bainite below the bainite formed at the temperature is mainly the lower bainite, as ferrite needles in the lower bainite are fine and evenly distributed, a large amount of fine and dispersed tungsten carbide precipitated and separated out exists in ferrite, and supersaturated carbon and high-density dislocation also exist, the lower bainite has high strength, good toughness and small notch sensitivity; if the temperature is lower, the content of martensite is possibly increased, which is contrary to the structure mainly comprising bainite, if the temperature is controlled too high, the structure mainly comprising the upper bainite is easily formed, and the ferrite strips in the upper bainite are coarse, the supersaturation degree of carbon is low, the hardness and the strength are also lower, and the toughness is also lower because the carbide particles are larger and are distributed in discontinuous strips; the bainite is not fully formed in a short heat preservation time, and the residual austenite is more. The salt bath furnace adopts nitrate; if the temperature of the salt bath furnace is too low, martensite is easily formed, so that the performance of the cylinder sleeve is influenced, and if the temperature of the salt bath furnace is too high, upper bainite is easily formed.
The application also provides the steel cylinder sleeve prepared by the method, which specifically comprises the following steps: 0.1-0.2 wt% of C, 0.6-1.4 wt% of Mn, 0.30-0.35 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of S and the balance Fe.
The content of C in the present application is 0.1 to 0.2 wt%, and in a specific embodiment, the content of C may specifically be: 0.13 wt%, 0.15 wt%, 0.17 wt%, 0.18 wt%, or 0.19 wt%; the small amount of carbon contained in the cylinder liner can increase the yield and tensile strength of the cylinder liner while ensuring its impact properties.
The Si content is 0.3 to 0.35 wt%, and in specific embodiments, the Si content is 0.30 wt%, 0.31 wt%, 0.32 wt%, 0.33 wt%, 0.34 wt%, or 0.35 wt%. Si is added as a reducing agent and a deoxidizing agent in the steel-making process, and the elastic limit, the yield point and the tensile strength of the cylinder sleeve can be obviously improved.
The Mn content is 0.6 to 1.4 wt%, and in specific embodiments, the Mn content is 0.70 wt%, 0.75 wt%, 0.78 wt%, 0.82 wt%, 0.88 wt%, 0.95 wt%, 1.05 wt%, 1.12 wt%, 1.18 wt%, 1.22 wt%, 1.32 wt%, or 1.38 wt%. Mn is added as a deoxidizing agent and a desulfurizing agent, and can also improve the strength and the hardness of the cylinder sleeve, improve the hardenability of the cylinder sleeve material and improve the hot workability of the cylinder sleeve.
The impurity element P, S is harmful to the cylinder sleeve, wherein P has a large influence on the cold brittleness of steel, and S is easy to cause hot brittleness of steel, so that the ductility and the toughness of the steel are reduced.
The steel cylinder sleeve provided by the application has stronger anti-cavitation performance, and the defect of poor anti-cavitation performance of the gray cast iron cylinder sleeve is overcome, so that the defects of materials are reduced mainly because no graphite exists, and the source is lost when grains are stripped; the strength is higher, and the high detonation pressure resistance and the high power resistance of the cylinder sleeve are greatly improved; because the steel has better impact resistance and toughness, and is not easy to crack and drop, the cylinder sleeve can be made thinner, the material utilization rate is higher, and the steel cylinder sleeve is more energy-saving and environment-friendly; the steel cylinder sleeve uses less alloy elements or does not use the alloy elements, thereby achieving the purposes of saving energy and reducing consumption.
For further understanding of the present invention, the following will explain the method for manufacturing a steel cylinder liner according to the present invention in detail with reference to the following examples, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the following examples.
Example 1 a high strength, cavitation erosion resistant cast steel cylinder liner is implemented in the following manner:
1) smelting: carbon steel waste (scrap steel) is adopted to be smelted at the temperature of 1600 ℃, and after the scrap steel is completely smelted, a proper amount of ferrosilicon and ferromanganese are added, so that the content of each component is C: 0.15%, Si: 0.30 percent of Mn, 0.95 percent of Mn, 0.035 percent of P and 0.032 percent of S;
2) deoxidizing and deslagging: adding deoxidizer and slag remover for deoxidation and slag removal, continuously raising the temperature to 1680 ℃, removing slag and standing for 10 min;
3) casting and molding: casting and molding by using a multi-station centrifugal casting machine;
4) rough machining: roughly processing a cylinder sleeve blank, wherein the allowance of a single side is about 5 mm;
5) and (3) heat treatment: putting the cylinder sleeve into a well type furnace, rapidly heating to 920 ℃ for austenitizing, preserving heat for 1 hour, then opening a furnace cover, putting the cylinder sleeve into a nitrate salt bath furnace, controlling the temperature of the salt bath furnace at 340 ℃, and carrying out isothermal quenching for 1 hour;
6) finish machining: and finally, finishing to obtain the finished cylinder sleeve.
And (3) detection: the cylinder sleeve treated by the method is detected, the metallographic structure is a bainite structure and a partially tempered martensite structure (shown in figure 1), the strength is 1125Mpa, the elastic modulus is 210GPa, the cavitation erosion resistance t25 is 752min, and the hardness is 318 HBW.
Example 2 a high strength, cavitation resistance cast steel cylinder liner was obtained in the following manner:
1) smelting: carbon steel waste (scrap steel (the carbon content is less than 0.45 percent) is completely smelted at 1600 ℃, then ferrosilicon and ferromanganese are added for continuous smelting, and the components with the mass percentage of 0.18 percent of C, 0.34 percent of Si, 1.32 percent of Mn, 0.038 percent of P and 0.028 percent of S are finally obtained;
2) deoxidizing and deslagging: adding deoxidizer and slag remover to deoxidize and remove slag from molten iron, heating to 1680 deg.C, and standing for 15 min;
3) casting: casting and molding by using a multi-station casting machine;
4) rough machining: performing inner and outer rough machining on a cylinder sleeve blank, wherein the single-side allowance is about 0.5 mm;
5) and (3) heat treatment: putting the cylinder sleeve into a well type furnace, rapidly heating to 920 ℃ for austenitizing, preserving heat for 1 hour, then opening a furnace cover, putting into a nitrate salt bath furnace, controlling the temperature of the salt bath furnace at 340 ℃, and carrying out isothermal quenching for 1 hour;
6) finish machining: and finally, finishing to obtain the finished cylinder sleeve.
And (3) detection: the cylinder sleeve treated by the method is detected, the metallographic structure is a bainite structure and a part of tempered martensite structure, the strength is 1098Mpa, the elastic modulus is 212Gpa, the cavitation erosion resistance t25 is 780min, and the hardness is 306 HBW.
Example 3 a high strength, cavitation resistance cast steel cylinder liner was obtained in the following manner:
1) smelting: using carbon steel waste (scrap steel (carbon content is less than 0.45 percent) to be completely smelted at 1600 ℃, then adding ferrosilicon and ferromanganese to continue smelting, and finally obtaining the alloy steel with the components of 0.13 percent of C, 0.31 percent of Si, 0.75 percent of Mn, 0.029 percent of P and 0.26 percent of S;
2) deoxidizing and deslagging: adding deoxidizer and slag remover to deoxidize and remove slag from molten iron, heating to 1680 deg.C, and standing for 15 min;
3) casting: casting and molding by using a multi-station casting machine;
4) rough machining: performing inner and outer rough machining on a cylinder sleeve blank, wherein the single-side allowance is about 0.5 mm;
5) and (3) heat treatment: putting the cylinder sleeve into a well type furnace, rapidly heating to 920 ℃ for austenitizing, preserving heat for 1 hour, then opening a furnace cover, putting into a nitrate salt bath furnace, controlling the temperature of the salt bath furnace at 340 ℃, and carrying out isothermal quenching for 1 hour;
6) finish machining: and finally, finishing to obtain the finished cylinder sleeve.
And (3) detection: the cylinder sleeve treated by the method is detected, the metallographic structure is a bainite structure and a partially tempered martensite structure, the strength is 1058Mpa, the elastic modulus is 206Gpa, the cavitation erosion resistance t25 is 745min, and the hardness is 324 HBW.
Comparative example 1
The procedure was the same as in example 1, except that: without heat treatment, the strength of the prepared cylinder sleeve can only reach about 600MPa and is lower than about 1 time through detection.
The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core idea. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims (3)

1. A preparation method of a steel cylinder sleeve comprises the following steps:
A) smelting after the material preparation is finished to obtain molten steel with the following components: 0.1-0.2 wt% of C, 0.6-1.4 wt% of Mn, 0.30-0.35 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of S and the balance of Fe;
B) carrying out centrifugal casting on the molten steel to obtain a steel cylinder sleeve blank;
C) carrying out austenitizing heat treatment on the steel cylinder sleeve blank and then carrying out isothermal quenching to obtain a steel cylinder sleeve;
the temperature of the heat treatment is 910-930 ℃, and the heat preservation time of the heat treatment is 1 h;
the cooling medium for isothermal quenching is salt bath; the temperature of the salt bath is 320-360 ℃, and the time of the salt bath is 1 h.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising, after melting:
and adding a deoxidizing agent and a deslagging agent into the molten steel, raising the temperature to 1600-1700 ℃, slagging off and standing.
3. The steel cylinder liner manufactured by the manufacturing method of any one of claims 1 to 2, comprising: 0.1-0.2 wt% of C, 0.6-1.4 wt% of Mn, 0.30-0.35 wt% of Si, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of P, less than or equal to 0.045 wt% of S and the balance Fe.
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CN112725706B (en) * 2020-12-22 2022-03-04 河南科技大学 Steel cylinder sleeve material and preparation method of steel cylinder sleeve
CN113736974B (en) * 2021-07-28 2022-12-09 安庆帝伯格茨缸套有限公司 Preparation process of high-strength isothermal bainite diesel engine cylinder sleeve
CN115927961A (en) * 2022-12-01 2023-04-07 宁波祥路中天新材料科技股份有限公司 Lightweight high-strength automobile protection beam, preparation method thereof and stretch bender

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JP3206367B2 (en) * 1995-04-24 2001-09-10 日本鋼管株式会社 Method for manufacturing high carbon electric resistance welded steel pipe with excellent wear resistance
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CN101871078B (en) * 2009-04-24 2012-08-08 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Super-high strength cold rolled steel and manufacturing method thereof
CN102080179A (en) * 2011-02-28 2011-06-01 南京钢铁股份有限公司 Preparation method of boron-containing structural steel
CN103320714B (en) * 2013-06-05 2015-07-01 西安交通大学 High-temperature-wearing-resisting aluminum-containing alloy steel and preparation method thereof
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CN104911466B (en) * 2015-07-07 2017-03-22 中原内配集团股份有限公司 Ultra-high-strength multiphase-structure gray cast iron cylinder jacket and preparation method thereof
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