CN112725659A - Nickel alloy casting process based on intermediate frequency furnace - Google Patents
Nickel alloy casting process based on intermediate frequency furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN112725659A CN112725659A CN202011531563.5A CN202011531563A CN112725659A CN 112725659 A CN112725659 A CN 112725659A CN 202011531563 A CN202011531563 A CN 202011531563A CN 112725659 A CN112725659 A CN 112725659A
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- intermediate frequency
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/023—Alloys based on nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
The invention provides a nickel alloy casting process based on an intermediate frequency furnace, which comprises the following steps of: selecting raw materials; baking the raw material; melting the raw materials in the intermediate frequency furnace under the protection of slag liquid, and weighing and proportioning the baked raw materials; adding the raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, and performing deoxidation and dehydrogenation treatment in the smelting process, wherein the step comprises a first high-temperature deoxidation procedure and a second high-temperature deoxidation procedure which are sequentially performed, the temperature range of the first high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1620-1640 ℃, and a deoxidizer and titanium are added; the temperature range of the second high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1600-; discharging the nickel alloy, adopting argon filling protection, and casting; and stripping and cooling the casting. The invention can solve the problems of air holes, cracks and cracking of the nickel alloy casting caused by high impurity content of oxides and hydrides in the process of smelting the nickel alloy in the intermediate frequency furnace.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nickel alloy casting, and particularly relates to a nickel alloy casting process based on an intermediate frequency furnace.
Background
The nickel alloy is formed by adding other elements into nickel as a base, the nickel has good mechanical, physical and chemical properties, and the oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength of the nickel alloy can be improved and certain physical properties can be improved by adding proper elements. The nickel alloy can be applied to heat treatment industry, calcinators, automation devices, energy development, petrochemical industry, steel industry and the like.
The nickel alloy can be smelted by a vacuum furnace or an intermediate frequency furnace, wherein the nickel alloy casting smelted by the intermediate frequency furnace is treated under a non-vacuum condition, so that the alloy elements are oxidized by dissolved oxygen in the alloy, and the impurity content is increased; oxygen precipitated in the cooling process is easy to generate phenomena such as air holes and cracks on the surface or inside of the casting. The above phenomena all have adverse effects on the physical and chemical properties of the nickel alloy.
The moisture in the nickel alloy casting raw material is decomposed in the intermediate frequency furnace to generate hydrogen, and hydride on the surface of the casting generates brittle falling to accelerate corrosion; if hydrogen permeation is generated in alloy metal, lattice distortion is caused, internal stress is increased, hydrogen is dispersed to the position where a stress field is concentrated under the action of stress to form hydride, internal microcracks are dispersed and penetrated under the action of stress to form hydrogen induced cracking, so that the bonding force of the alloy is damaged, and therefore, the nickel alloy needs to be subjected to dehydrogenation treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nickel alloy casting process based on an intermediate frequency furnace, which aims to solve the problems of porosity, cracks and cracking of a nickel alloy casting caused by high impurity content of oxides and hydrides in the process of smelting nickel alloy in the intermediate frequency furnace.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
a nickel alloy casting process based on an intermediate frequency furnace comprises the following steps:
s1, raw material components comprise nickel, chromium and auxiliary materials, wherein: 20-23% of chromium, and the auxiliary materials comprise: 1% of iron, 0.5% of aluminum lime, 0.05% of carbon, 0.1-0.2% of titanium, 0.3% of manganese, 0.75-1.6% of silicon, 0.05-0.2% of rare earth and the balance of nickel and impurities;
s2, baking the raw materials to remove moisture, wherein the baking temperature range is as follows: 650 plus 750 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 4 to 6 hours;
s3, protecting and melting the slag liquid in the intermediate frequency furnace, filling argon into a steel ladle for protection, and weighing and proportioning the baked raw materials;
s4, adding the raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, and performing deoxidation and dehydrogenation treatment in the smelting process, wherein the step comprises a first high-temperature deoxidation procedure and a second high-temperature deoxidation procedure which are sequentially performed, the temperature range of the first high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1620-1640 ℃, the time is 10-15 minutes, and a deoxidizer (namely a mixture of aluminum and lime) accounting for 0.5-1% of the total amount of the deoxidizer and titanium accounting for 0.05-0.2% of the total amount of the deoxidizer are added; the temperature range of the second high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1600-;
s5, after smelting for 35-50 minutes, discharging the nickel alloy out of the furnace, and casting;
and S6, stripping and cooling the casting.
Preferably, in the step S2, the argon pre-filling protection time is 0.5-1.5 minutes.
Preferably, in the step of S4, the rest of the auxiliary materials are added 20 minutes before discharging.
Preferably, in the step S4, the rare earth is added 5 minutes before tapping.
Preferably, the tapping temperature in the step S5 is 1550-.
Preferably, in the step S5, before casting, a fine magnesia having a thickness of 1 to 3mm is sprinkled on the gate of the mold, and the sprinkled length of the fine magnesia is 30 to 40 cm. The fine magnesia can protect the steel die from being burnt out by high-temperature molten metal and prolong the service life of the steel die.
Preferably, the rare earth material is yttrium or cerium, wherein yttrium can enhance the oxygen resistance and ductility of the alloy, and cerium has high chemical affinity with hydrogen and can adsorb and dissolve hydrogen.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the smelting process is divided into a first high-temperature deoxidation process and a second high-temperature deoxidation process, and accordingly, a titanium raw material and a deoxidizer aluminum are put into an intermediate frequency furnace in two batches for dehydrogenation and deoxidation, wherein the temperature range of the first high-temperature deoxidation process is 1620-. The temperature range of the second high-temperature deoxidation procedure is slightly lower than that of the first high-temperature deoxidation procedure, and the balance of aluminum and titanium, auxiliary materials and rare earth are added in the second high-temperature deoxidation procedure, so that the dehydrogenation treatment of the nickel alloy is realized in the smelting process. The process adopts two-step smelting, and the obtained nickel alloy has low impurity content of oxide and hydride, smooth interior and surface and no air holes and cracks.
Detailed Description
Example 1
S1, preparing raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components: 0.9 percent of iron, 23 percent of chromium, 0.3 percent of aluminum lime, 0.04 percent of carbon, 0.15 percent of titanium, 0.25 percent of manganese, 0.75 percent of silicon, 0.05 percent of rare earth yttrium, and the balance of nickel and impurities;
s2, baking the raw materials to remove moisture, wherein the baking temperature is as follows: 660 ℃ for 4 hours;
s3, adopting slag liquid to protect and melt in the intermediate frequency furnace, filling argon into a steel ladle for protection for 1 minute, and weighing and proportioning the baked raw materials according to the formula;
s4, adding the raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, and performing deoxidation and dehydrogenation treatment in the smelting process, wherein the step comprises a first high-temperature deoxidation procedure and a second high-temperature deoxidation procedure which are sequentially performed, the temperature range of the first high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1640 ℃, the time is 10 minutes, and a deoxidizer accounting for 0.9 percent of the total amount of the deoxidizer and titanium accounting for 0.2 percent of the total weight content of titanium are added; the temperature range of the second high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1620 ℃, the time is 30 minutes, the residual titanium is added to reduce the dissolved oxygen amount in the molten metal, the residual auxiliary materials except the rare earth are added 20 minutes before discharging, and the rare earth is added 5 minutes before discharging;
s5, after smelting for 40 minutes, removing slag on the upper layer of the molten metal, discharging the nickel alloy out of the furnace, wherein the discharging temperature is 1580 ℃; before casting, spraying a layer of fine magnesia with the thickness of 1-3mm at a pouring gate of a casting mould, wherein the spraying length of the fine magnesia is 30-40cm, and then casting;
and S6, stripping and cooling the casting to obtain the nickel alloy casting.
Example 2
S1, preparing raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components: 21 percent of chromium, and the auxiliary materials comprise: 0.85% of iron, 0.4% of aluminum lime, 0.042% of carbon, 0.17% of titanium, 0.21% of manganese, 1.5% of silicon, 0.16% of rare earth cerium, and the balance of nickel and impurities;
s2, baking the raw materials to remove moisture, wherein the baking temperature is as follows: 730 ℃ for 5 hours;
s3, adopting slag liquid to protect and melt in the intermediate frequency furnace, filling argon into a steel ladle for protection for 1 minute, and weighing and proportioning the baked raw materials according to the formula;
s4, adding the raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, and performing deoxidation and dehydrogenation treatment in the smelting process, wherein the step comprises a first high-temperature deoxidation procedure and a second high-temperature deoxidation procedure which are sequentially performed, the temperature range of the first high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1620 ℃, the time is 15 minutes, and a deoxidizer accounting for 0.6 percent of the total amount of the deoxidizer and titanium accounting for 0.08 percent of the total weight content of the titanium are added; the temperature range of the second high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1600 ℃, the time is 26 minutes, the residual titanium is added, the auxiliary materials except the rare earth are added 10 minutes before the materials are discharged, and the rare earth is added 5 minutes before the materials are discharged;
s5, after smelting for 41 minutes, removing slag on the upper layer of the molten metal, discharging the nickel alloy out of the furnace, wherein the discharging temperature is 1550 ℃; before casting, spraying a layer of fine magnesia with the thickness of 1-3mm at a pouring gate of a casting mould, wherein the spraying length of the fine magnesia is 30-40cm, and then casting;
and S6, stripping and cooling the casting to obtain the nickel alloy casting.
Example 3
S1, preparing raw materials, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components: 0.7 percent of iron, 20 percent of chromium, 0.45 percent of aluminum, 0.03 percent of carbon, 0.12 percent of titanium, 0.28 percent of manganese, 1.42 percent of silicon, 0.07 percent of rare earth yttrium, and the balance of nickel and impurities;
s2, baking the raw materials to remove moisture, wherein the baking temperature is as follows: 714 ℃ for 4.5 hours;
s3, adopting slag liquid to protect and melt in the intermediate frequency furnace, filling argon into a steel ladle for protection, wherein the time is 1.5 minutes, and weighing and proportioning the baked raw materials according to the formula;
s4, adding the raw materials into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, and performing deoxidation and dehydrogenation treatment in the smelting process, wherein the step comprises a first high-temperature deoxidation procedure and a second high-temperature deoxidation procedure which are sequentially performed, the temperature range of the first high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1620 ℃, the time is 15 minutes, and a deoxidizer accounting for 0.81 percent of the total amount of the deoxidizer and titanium accounting for 0.1 percent of the total weight content of titanium are added; the temperature range of the second high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1600 ℃, the time is 30 minutes, the rest titanium is added, the auxiliary materials except the rare earth are added 10 minutes before the materials are discharged, and the rare earth is added 5 minutes before the materials are discharged;
s5, after smelting for 45 minutes, removing slag on the upper layer of the molten metal, discharging the nickel alloy out of the furnace, wherein the discharging temperature is 1550 ℃; before casting, spraying a layer of fine magnesia with the thickness of 1-3mm at a pouring gate of a casting mould, wherein the spraying length of the fine magnesia is 30-40cm, and then casting;
and S6, stripping and cooling the casting to obtain the nickel alloy casting.
The nickel alloys obtained using examples 1-3 had low impurity contents of oxides and hydrides, smooth interior and surface, and no pores and cracks.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A nickel alloy casting process based on an intermediate frequency furnace is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, raw material components comprise nickel, chromium and auxiliary materials, wherein: 20-23% of chromium, and the auxiliary materials comprise: 1% of iron, 0.5% of aluminum lime, 0.05% of carbon, 0.1-0.2% of titanium, 0.3% of manganese, 0.75-1.6% of silicon, 0.05-0.2% of rare earth and the balance of nickel and impurities;
s2, baking the raw materials to remove moisture, wherein the baking temperature range is as follows: 650 plus 750 ℃ and the heat preservation time is 4 to 6 hours;
s3, protecting and melting the slag liquid in the intermediate frequency furnace, filling argon into a steel ladle for protection, and weighing and proportioning the baked raw materials;
s4, adding nickel and chromium into an intermediate frequency furnace for smelting, and performing deoxidation and dehydrogenation treatment in the smelting process, wherein the step comprises a first high-temperature deoxidation procedure and a second high-temperature deoxidation procedure which are sequentially performed, the temperature range of the first high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1620-1640 ℃, the time is 10-15 minutes, and a deoxidizer accounting for 0.5-1% of the total amount of the deoxidizer and titanium accounting for 0.05-0.2% of the total amount of the titanium are added; the temperature range of the second high-temperature deoxidation procedure is 1600-;
s5, after smelting for 35-50 minutes, discharging the nickel alloy out of the furnace, and casting;
and S6, stripping and cooling the casting.
2. The nickel alloy casting process based on the intermediate frequency furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the argon pre-filling protection time is 0.5-1.5 minutes.
3. The nickel alloy casting process based on the intermediate frequency furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the rest of auxiliary materials are added 20 minutes before discharging.
4. The nickel alloy casting process based on the intermediate frequency furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the rare earth is added 5 minutes before tapping.
5. The nickel alloy casting process based on the intermediate frequency furnace as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tapping temperature in the step S5 is 1550-.
6. The nickel alloy casting process based on the intermediate frequency furnace according to claim 1, wherein in the step S5, before casting, a layer of fine magnesite with a thickness of 1-3mm is sprinkled at a gate of the mold, and the sprinkled length of the fine magnesite is 30-40 cm.
7. The intermediate frequency furnace-based nickel alloy casting process according to claim 1, wherein the rare earth material is yttrium or cerium.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114293157A (en) * | 2021-12-09 | 2022-04-08 | 贵研铂业股份有限公司 | High-homogeneity NiCrPt alloy target material prepared by easily-oxidized metal coating protection and preparation method thereof |
| CN115323205A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2022-11-11 | 江苏万恒铸业有限公司 | Smelting method for improving mechanical properties of ASME CY40 nickel-based alloy |
| CN116024445A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-04-28 | 广东世纪青山镍业有限公司 | High-grade nickel alloy smelting method |
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Application publication date: 20210430 |