CN112719467A - Face gear scraping machining method - Google Patents

Face gear scraping machining method Download PDF

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CN112719467A
CN112719467A CN202011515534.XA CN202011515534A CN112719467A CN 112719467 A CN112719467 A CN 112719467A CN 202011515534 A CN202011515534 A CN 202011515534A CN 112719467 A CN112719467 A CN 112719467A
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tool
gear
cutter
face gear
feed
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CN112719467B (en
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郑方焱
韩星会
华林
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F9/00—Making gears having teeth curved in their longitudinal direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23F—MAKING GEARS OR TOOTHED RACKS
    • B23F23/00—Accessories or equipment combined with or arranged in, or specially designed to form part of, gear-cutting machines
    • B23F23/02—Loading, unloading or chucking arrangements for workpieces
    • B23F23/06—Chucking arrangements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a face gear shaving processing method, which is characterized in that a face gear is processed by adopting a method of cutting a workpiece by a cutter, the cutter and the workpiece are in space staggered axial surface worm transmission, namely, the cutter and the workpiece form a space cylindrical surface worm pair, and the face gear shaving processing is realized. The processing method of the invention inherits the technical advantages of the gear scraping of the cylindrical gear and has higher production efficiency and processing precision; the method of the invention uses the space surface worm transmission principle to realize the enveloping of the tooth surface, and realizes the material removal by adjusting the bias of the cutter and the workpiece in the processing process.

Description

Face gear scraping machining method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a processing technology of a face gear, in particular to a face gear scraping processing method.
Background
The face gear is used for transmitting force and motion between intersecting and staggered shafts, is widely applied to automobiles, engineering machinery and aerospace equipment, and has the advantages of strong bearing capacity, insensitivity to installation errors, adjustable contact area and the like.
The prior art of gears mainly focuses on gear shaping, roll-grinding (worm cutter), milling-grinding (disc cutter): gear shaping is the most common processing method of face gears, cutting is realized based on the meshing of a large gear and a small gear, local contact is realized by enabling the gear number of a gear shaping cutter to be more than that of the small gear, all types of face gears can be processed, and the process flexibility is good; the worm cutter rolling-grinding process is based on the principle of transmission of a face gear and an imaginary rack, the adjustment of a contact area is realized by adjusting radial feeding, the processing efficiency is extremely high, the undercut is generated when the face gear with smaller tooth number and cone angle is processed, and the requirements on a machine tool and a cutter are higher; the milling-grinding process of the dish-shaped cutter is based on the principle of meshing transmission of a face gear and a single-tooth rack, the cutter is simple in geometry, and tooth surface modification can be realized through multi-axis linkage.
The analysis shows that the gear shaping process of the existing face gear has the best flexibility, can manufacture the inner and outer conical face gears, but has low efficiency and can not realize free modification of the tooth surface; the rolling-grinding process of the worm cutter has high efficiency, but has higher requirements on a machine tool and a cutter, and can not process an inner conical surface gear; the milling-grinding process of the disc-shaped cutter can realize the modification of the tooth surface, but has lower processing efficiency.
The gear scraping technology is an efficient and high-precision manufacturing technology for cylindrical gears and gear rings, can only be applied to cylindrical gear parts (including internal and external gears, splines, couplings and the like), does not see other machining theories and product objects, and limits the popularization of the technology to a certain extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a face gear scraping processing method which has higher production efficiency and processing precision.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the face gear scraping machining method is characterized in that a face gear is machined by adopting a method of cutting a workpiece by a cutter, the cutter and the workpiece are in space staggered axial surface worm transmission, namely, the cutter and the workpiece form a space cylindrical surface worm pair, and the face gear scraping machining is realized.
In the above scheme, the parameters of the face gear and the cutter satisfy the following relations:
Figure BDA0002847746330000021
where Σ is the angle of processing, βgIs the helix angle, beta, of the gearcIs the helix angle, r, of the toolcIs the reference circle radius of the tool, rgIs the reference circle radius of the gear, zgNumber of gear teeth, zgM is the number of teeth of the toolncIs the normal modulus, m, of the toolngIs the gear normal modulus.
In the scheme, the cutter is fed along the horizontal direction, and the feeding speed is vfThe feed distance is set to sf(ii) a When the processed tooth surface is helical, the cutter must rotate an additional angle along with the feeding because the feeding direction is not consistent with the helical direction of the tooth surface; when the cutter is at the initial position, the contact point of the cutter and the gear is P1When the tool is at the end position of feed, the contact point of the tool and the gear is P2(ii) a From which P can be analysed1And P1Has a phase difference displacement of saThe following relationship is satisfied:
Figure BDA0002847746330000022
so that the turning angle of the tool is:
Figure BDA0002847746330000023
further additional rotational speeds are obtained: omegac'＝vf tanβc/rc
The rotational speed of the final tool is
Figure BDA0002847746330000024
In the formula kfAnd icgRespectively defining an additional rolling ratio and a transmission rolling ratio in the machining process; meanwhile, the turning angle of the cutter is as follows:
Figure BDA0002847746330000025
the face gear scraping processing method has the following beneficial effects:
1. the processing method of the invention inherits the technical advantages of the gear scraping of the cylindrical gear and has higher production efficiency and processing precision;
2. the method of the invention uses the space surface worm transmission principle to realize the enveloping of the tooth surface, and realizes the material removal by adjusting the bias of the cutter and the workpiece in the processing process;
3. the processing cutter adopted by the processing method is a general gear scraping cutter or a gear shaping cutter, and special customization is not needed;
4. the processing machine tool can be a universal spiral bevel gear surface hobbing machine tool; the design and the face hobbing spiral bevel gear of the tool clamp are consistent, and special customization is not needed.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the face worm drive principle employed in the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the basic principle of the scraping tooth process of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the feeding mode adopted by the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The material removing mechanism of the face gear scraping processing method is consistent with that of a cylindrical gear scraping process, and the face gear scraping processing method is based on relative sliding of transmission tooth surfaces of staggered shafts, but the face gear scraping processing method is greatly different from the cylindrical gear scraping processing method in the processing principle. The cylindrical gear turning process is based on space staggered shaft helical gear transmission, namely a cutter and a workpiece form a space helical gear pair. The method is space staggered axial surface worm transmission, namely a cutter and a workpiece form a space cylindrical surface worm gear pair, as shown in figure 1, small cylindrical gears are replaced by cutting cutters to realize the gear scraping processing of face gears, and the basic principle is as shown in figure 2.
Because the cylindrical gear and the face gear are engaged with each other through the space staggered shaft, the workpiece and the cutter can generate relative slippage at a contact point, the cutting speed condition is realized, the requirement of material removal is met, and the size of the relative movement speed is determined by the outer diameter of the face gear and the offset distance between the workpiece and the cutter.
In order to perform face shaving correctly, the parameters of the face gear and the cutter must satisfy the following relationship:
Figure BDA0002847746330000041
where Σ is the angle of processing, βgIs the helix angle, beta, of the gearcIs the helix angle, r, of the toolcIs the reference circle radius of the tool, rgIs the reference circle radius of the gear, zgNumber of gear teeth, zgM is the number of teeth of the toolncIs the normal modulus, m, of the toolngIs the gear normal modulus.
Since the tooth line of the offset back gear is no longer along the axial direction of the cutter, an additional feed motion is needed to ensure that the gear scraping cutter can completely machine the tooth socket without interference, and the principle of the cutter additional motion is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the figure, the tool feed is in the horizontal direction, and the feed speed is vfThe feed distance is set to sf. When the machined tooth surface is a helical tooth, the tool must be rotated by an additional angle with the feed, since the feed direction does not coincide with the helical direction of the tooth surface. FIG. 3(a) shows the initial position of the cutter, and the contact point of the cutter and the gear is P1FIG. 3(b) shows the end position of the tool feed, where the contact point between the tool and the gear is P2. From which P can be analysed1And P1Has a phase difference displacement of saSatisfy the following relationship
Figure BDA0002847746330000042
So that the turning angle of the tool is:
Figure BDA0002847746330000043
further additional rotational speeds are available: omegac'＝vf tanβc/rc
The rotational speed of the final tool is
Figure BDA0002847746330000044
In the formula kfAnd icgDefined as the additional roll ratio and the transmission roll ratio, respectively, during machining. Meanwhile, the turning angle of the cutter is as follows:
Figure BDA0002847746330000045
while the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (3)

1.一种面齿轮刮齿加工方法，其特征在于，采用刀具切削工件的方法加工面齿轮，刀具和工件为空间交错轴面蜗杆传动，即刀具和工件形成空间圆柱面蜗杆副，实现面齿轮的刮齿加工。1. a face gear tooth scraping processing method, it is characterized in that, adopt the method of tool cutting workpiece to process face gear, tool and workpiece are space staggered axial surface worm drive, i.e. tool and workpiece form space cylindrical surface worm pair, realize face gear tooth scraping. 2.根据权利要求1所述的面齿轮刮齿加工方法，其特征在于，面齿轮和刀具的参数满足如下关系：2. The face gear scraping machining method according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the face gear and the cutter satisfy the following relationship:
Figure FDA0002847746320000011
Figure FDA0002847746320000011
 式中，Σ为加工的夹角，βg为齿轮的螺旋角，βc为刀具的螺旋角，rc为刀具的分度圆半径，rg为齿轮的分度圆半径，zg为齿轮齿数，zg为刀具齿数，mnc为刀具的法面模数，mng为齿轮法面模数。In the formula, Σ is the included angle of machining, β g is the helix angle of the gear, β c is the helix angle of the tool, rc is the indexing circle radius of the tool, rg is the indexing circle radius of the gear, and zg is the gear. The number of teeth, z g is the number of teeth of the tool, m nc is the normal module of the tool, and m ng is the normal module of the gear. 3.根据权利要求1所述的面齿轮刮齿加工方法，其特征在于，刀具进给沿着水平方向，进给速度为vf，进给距离设为sf；当加工的齿面为斜齿时，由于进给方向与齿面的螺旋线方向不一致，刀具必须要随着进给转动一个附加的角度；刀具处于起始位置时，刀具与齿轮的接触点为P1，刀具处于进给的终止位置时，刀具和齿轮的接触点为P2；从中可以分析出P1和P1之间相差位移为sa，满足如下关系：3. The face gear scraping method according to claim 1, wherein the tool feed is along the horizontal direction, the feed rate is v f , and the feed distance is set as s f ; when the processed tooth surface is inclined In the case of teeth, since the feed direction is inconsistent with the helical direction of the tooth surface, the tool must rotate an additional angle with the feed; when the tool is at the starting position, the contact point between the tool and the gear is P 1 , and the tool is in feed When the end position of , the contact point between the tool and the gear is P 2 ; it can be analyzed that the phase difference between P 1 and P 1 is s a , which satisfies the following relationship:
Figure FDA0002847746320000012
Figure FDA0002847746320000012
 从而刀具的转角为：
Figure FDA0002847746320000013
The corner of the tool is thus:
Figure FDA0002847746320000013
 进一步得到附加转动速度为：ωc'＝vftanβc/rc The additional rotational speed is further obtained as: ω c '=v f tanβ c /rc 最终刀具的转速为
Figure FDA0002847746320000014
式中kf和icg分别定义为加工过程中的附加滚比和传动滚比；同时，刀具的转角为：
Figure FDA0002847746320000021
The final tool speed is
Figure FDA0002847746320000014
In the formula, k f and i cg are respectively defined as the additional roll ratio and transmission roll ratio during the machining process; at the same time, the turning angle of the tool is:
Figure FDA0002847746320000021
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CN110587038A (en) * 2019-09-17 2019-12-20 南京工业大学 Tooth profile error compensation method for gear scraping machining

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