CN112715789A - Feed water-retaining agent natural composition and application thereof in fish feed - Google Patents
Feed water-retaining agent natural composition and application thereof in fish feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN112715789A CN112715789A CN202011637520.5A CN202011637520A CN112715789A CN 112715789 A CN112715789 A CN 112715789A CN 202011637520 A CN202011637520 A CN 202011637520A CN 112715789 A CN112715789 A CN 112715789A
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
Abstract
The invention discloses a feed water-retaining agent natural composition and application thereof in fish feed, belonging to the technical field of feed and additives thereof. The invention solves the technical problem that the existing water-retaining additive for feed is generally a chemical compound, has corrosivity and irritation and poor palatability to fish. The water-retaining agent natural composition comprises at least two of eucommia bark extract, aloe bark extract, mulberry leaf extract and ginkgo leaf extract, and further discloses the composition forms and the optimal concentration of the eucommia bark ethyl acetate extract, the aloe bark water extract and the mulberry leaf water extract. The natural composition provided by the invention is used for feed water retention, has no residue, no toxic or side effect, does not pollute the environment, can realize combined synergism and has more economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of feed and additives thereof, in particular to a feed water-retaining agent natural composition and application thereof in fish feed.
Background
At present, the water content of common compound pellet feed is generally regulated to 11-12% in China. However, the dry-pressing pellet feed system commonly used by large-scale feed enterprises at present seriously loses the moisture in the raw materials in the processing process. The water content of the granulated feed is about 8%. The feed particles have low water content, which is an economic loss for feed enterprises. The existing enterprises use a certain proportion of mixed organic acid to keep the moisture of feed particles, but the organic acid component is a chemical compound, so the price is high, the palatability to fish is poor, the risk of residue in fish meat exists, and the safety of the organic acid component is always questioned.
The current regulations in China clearly stipulate that natural plants with homology of medicine and food and extracts thereof can be used as feed raw materials. After the medicinal plants (Chinese herbal medicines) are subjected to the extraction process, most of ineffective components are removed, so that the activity is enhanced. The medicinal plants are extracted to decompose the comprehensive functions and concentrate specific functions, thereby improving the effect of a certain function. The plant extract has reduced volume compared with Chinese herbal medicine, and is convenient for storage, transportation and transaction. The planting of Chinese herbal medicine has a long history in China, rich resources and wide sources. However, some medicinal plants have become regional weeds, agricultural waste or municipal waste; the utilization of the leftovers of the non-genuine medicinal materials and the Chinese herbal medicines after processing is very limited. The active ingredients contained in the medicinal plants are obtained by an extraction process and are used for developing a natural feed water-retaining agent, increasing the new application of the medicinal plants, improving the traditional utilization structure of the medicinal plants, exerting the comprehensive utilization potential of the medicinal plants, changing waste into valuable, and improving the economic and social benefits of the medicinal plants, so that the method has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing water-retaining additive for the feed is generally a chemical compound, has corrosivity and irritation and has poor palatability to fishes.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention discloses a feed water-retaining agent natural composition which comprises at least two of eucommia bark extract, aloe bark extract, mulberry leaf extract and ginkgo leaf extract.
Preferably, the eucommia ulmoides bark extract in the natural composition comprises an ethyl acetate extract and/or an ethanol extract of eucommia ulmoides bark; the aloe peel extract comprises aloe peel water extract; the folium Mori extract comprises folium Mori water extract; the folium Ginkgo extract comprises water extract of folium Ginkgo.
Preferably, the feed water retention agent natural composition comprises an ethyl acetate extract of eucommia bark, a water extract of aloe bark, a water extract of mulberry leaf and a water extract of ginkgo leaf.
Further preferably, the feed water retention agent natural composition comprises an ethyl acetate extract of eucommia bark, a water extract of aloe bark and a water extract of mulberry leaves.
As a preferred embodiment, when the feed water retention agent natural composition is an ethyl acetate extract of eucommia bark, a water extract of aloe bark and a water extract of mulberry leaves, the mass ratio is 1:1: 1.
Preferably, the content of polyphenols in the eucommia bark ethyl acetate extract is 71.25-76.53 mg/g.
Preferably, the content of polyphenols in the ethanol extract of cortex Eucommiae is 82.53-90.59 mg/g.
Preferably, the water extract of aloe vera skin has a crude protein and total sugar content of 22.46-27.02% and 33.26-36.14%, respectively.
Preferably, the contents of crude protein and total sugar in the mulberry leaf water extract are respectively 13.21-15.06% and 41.53-44.19%.
Preferably, the crude protein and total sugar contents of the folium Ginkgo water extract are 6.24-7.36% and 56.70-65.28%, respectively.
The invention further discloses an application of the feed water-retaining agent natural composition in preparing fish feed, wherein the composition comprises an ethyl acetate extract of eucommia bark, a water extract of aloe bark and a water extract of mulberry leaf, and the adding amount of the composition accounts for 0.6-1.8% of the total weight of the feed.
The invention further discloses an application of the feed water-retaining agent natural composition in preparing fish feed, wherein the composition comprises an ethyl acetate extract of eucommia bark, a water extract of aloe bark and a water extract of mulberry leaf, and the adding amount of the composition accounts for 1.74% of the total weight of the feed.
Specifically, the eucommia bark ethyl acetate extract is added into oil of a feed formula for standby, the aloe bark water extract and the mulberry leaf water extract are dissolved into drinkable water for standby, and then the mixture is uniformly mixed into the rest basic feeds to prepare the pellet feed.
The invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the water-retaining agent composition provided by the invention is a natural plant extract, does not artificially add other substances, and has no residue, no toxic or side effect and no environmental pollution;
2. the water-retaining agent disclosed by the invention adopts a composition form, can be used for realizing combined synergism, so that the addition amount and the cost are reduced, and the water-retaining agent has more economic benefits compared with a water-retaining agent with a single component;
3. according to the influence of the combined extract on the water content of the feed, the invention screens out the proper concentration range of the composition and determines the optimal addition concentration.
4. The invention utilizes the extraction process to obtain the active ingredients contained in the medicinal plants, is used for developing the natural feed water-retaining agent, increases the new application of the medicinal plants, improves the traditional utilization structure of the medicinal plants, exerts the comprehensive utilization potential of the medicinal plants, changes waste into valuable, improves the economic and social benefits of the medicinal plants, and has important significance.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of adding different combinations of extracts on the water content of a pellet feed; in the figure, data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates; the difference in the upper case letters in the same column data indicates significant difference (P < 0.05);
FIG. 2 is the effect of the control group extract and the composite water-retaining agent on the water content of the pellet feed; in the figure, data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates; the difference in the upper case letters in the same column data indicates significant difference (P < 0.05);
FIG. 3 is a polynomial regression of the water content of granulated feed with different concentrations of composite water retention agents added; in the figure, data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
Preparation examples of extracts of one or four natural plants with different solvents (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water)
Respectively crushing 1000g of dried aloe peel, eucommia bark, mulberry leaf and ginkgo leaf, and sieving the crushed materials with a 18-mesh sieve to obtain powder for later use;
respectively taking 400g of the above plant powder, mixing with petroleum ether 1: 5, and stirring for 6 hours at 800 rpm; filtering the mixed solution to obtain filtrate and petroleum ether extraction residue, repeatedly extracting for 3 times, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure until the weight is constant to remove petroleum ether to obtain petroleum ether extracts of the above plants respectively;
respectively taking 400g of the plant powder, mixing the plant powder with ethyl acetate 1: 5, and stirring for 6 hours at 800 rpm; filtering the mixed solution to obtain filtrate and ethyl acetate extraction residue, repeatedly extracting for 3 times, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure until the weight is constant to remove ethyl acetate to obtain ethyl acetate extracts of the above plants respectively;
respectively extracting residues of the plants by using ethyl acetate, ethanol 1: 5, and stirring for 6 hours at 800 rpm; filtering the mixed solution to obtain filtrate and ethanol extraction residue, repeatedly extracting for 3 times, and distilling the filtrate under reduced pressure to constant weight to remove ethanol to obtain ethanol extracts of the above plants respectively. The ethanol extract can also be obtained by extracting the above plant powder with ethanol.
Respectively extracting residues of the plants by using ethanol and water in a ratio of 1: 5, stirring for 6 hours at 800 rpm, centrifuging or filtering the mixed solution to obtain clear supernatant or filtrate and residue, repeatedly extracting for 3 times, distilling the supernatant or filtrate under reduced pressure to constant weight to remove water, and respectively obtaining the water extracts of the plants. The water extract can also be obtained by extracting the above plant powder with water.
Second, preparation example of Fish feed supplemented with different extracts
According to the feed formula, 4 solvent extracts of aloe peel are respectively added into feed raw materials according to the concentration of 0 (blank) and 1.0 percent to be mixed to prepare aloe peel petroleum ether extract pellet feed, aloe peel ethyl acetate extract pellet feed, aloe peel ethanol extract pellet feed and aloe peel water extract pellet feed with the diameter of 2mm, the feed formula is shown in table 1, the method for preparing corresponding feed particles by adding other plant extracts is the same, and the specific preparation method is as follows:
firstly, uniformly mixing the petroleum ether extract with the fish oil and the corn oil, then uniformly mixing the petroleum ether extract with other raw materials in the formula, then adding drinking water accounting for 50 percent of the total mass of the feed, stirring and uniformly mixing the mixture, preparing the petroleum ether extract granular feed with the diameter of 2mm by using a small-sized granular feed machine, and drying the petroleum ether extract granular feed in a 60-DEG C forced air oven for 24 hours;
uniformly mixing the ethyl acetate extract with fish oil and corn oil, uniformly mixing with other raw materials in the formula, adding drinking water accounting for 50% of the total mass of the feed, uniformly stirring and mixing, preparing the ethyl acetate extract granulated feed with the diameter of 2mm by using a small granulated feed machine, and drying in a 60-DEG C forced air oven for 24 hours;
dissolving the ethanol extract in drinking water 50% of the total mass of the feed, mixing with other raw materials in the formula, making into ethanol extract granular feed with diameter of 2mm with a small-sized granular feed machine, and drying in a 60 deg.C blast oven for 24 hr;
dissolving the water extract in drinking water 50% of the total mass of the feed, mixing with other raw materials in the formula, making into water extract granular feed with diameter of 2mm with a small-sized granular feed machine, and drying in a 60 deg.C blast oven for 24 h.
TABLE 1 basic feed formulation
Remarking:
1the vitamin supplement comprises per kilogram: vision0.80g of flavonol (500,000IU/g) and vitamin D3(500,000IU/g)0.48g, DL-alpha-tocopherol (50%) 20.00g, vitamin K3(23%) 0.43g, vitamin B10.11g (90%), 0.63g of riboflavin (80%), 0.92g of pyridoxine (81%), 0.10g of cyanocobalamin (1%), 2.73g of D-calcium pantothenate (90%), 2.82g of nicotinic acid (99%), 5.00g of D-biotin (2%), 52.33g of inositol (99%) and 0.52g of folic acid (96%).
2The mineral supplement comprises per kilogram: FeSO4·7H269.70g of O (containing 20 percent of Fe) and CuSO4·5H2O (Cu 25%) 1.20g, ZnSO4·7H221.64g of O (containing 23% of Zn), MnSO4·H24.09g of O (containing 32% of Mn) and Na2SeO3·5H2O (containing Se 1%) 2.50g and KI (containing I4%) 2.90 g.
Third, screening example of water-retaining effect of pellet feed with different solvent extracts
After the pellet feed is dried, the moisture content of the feed of each treatment group is measured by a Middy halogen rapid moisture tester, the detection result is shown in Table 2, and the result shows that: the water content of the pellet feed added with the ethyl acetate extract, the ethanol extract, the water extract of the aloe peel, the water extract of the mulberry leaf and the water extract of the ginkgo leaf is obviously higher than that of the blank group. Therefore, these extracts have a feed water-retaining effect.
TABLE 2 Effect of different solvent extracts of four plants on the Water content (%) of the pellet feed
Remarking: data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of 3 replicates. In the same column of data, the letters indicated different from one another indicate significant difference, and the same letters indicated no significant difference (P < 0.05).
Fourth, screening example of Natural composition of Water-retaining agent
The screening experiment was designed as shown in table 3, and the basal diet without any extract was labeled as "blank", and 5 kinds of extracts selected above were labeled as "control", and ethyl acetate extract of cortex eucommiae, ethanol extract of cortex eucommiae, aqueous extract of aloe bark, aqueous extract of folium mori, and aqueous extract of ginkgo biloba were subtracted one by one from the "control", and labeled as "1", "2", "3", "4", and "5", respectively.
According to the same formula and method, the corresponding extracts are added into the basic feed at the concentration of 2g/kg according to the table 3 to prepare the corresponding 7 kinds of pellet feed. After air drying at 60 ℃, the water content of the feed of each treatment group is measured by a Middy halogen rapid moisture meter.
TABLE 3
The results are shown in figure 1 and show that the addition of the combined extracts increased the water content of the feed to a different extent than the blank. Water content sequence: 2-5 > control > 1-4-3, 13.21%, 13.14%, 12.65%, 12.34%, 12.30%, 12.19%, respectively. Therefore, in the components of the combined extract, the ethyl acetate extract of the eucommia bark, the water extract of the aloe bark and the water extract of the mulberry leaf play a role in promoting the water retention of other extracts in the combination; the ethanol extract of the eucommia bark and the water extract of the ginkgo leaf have the inhibiting effect. Therefore, the components of the primarily screened compound extract comprise an ethyl acetate extract of cortex eucommiae, a water extract of aloe peel and a water extract of mulberry leaf, which are marked as 'compound water-retaining agents'.
Fifth, verification example of composite Water-retaining agent
Experimental design as shown in table 4, "composite water retention agent" (abbreviated as "composite") was added to the basal diet and compared with feed No. 2 (abbreviated as "control") having the best effect in screening example four under the same conditions as above.
According to the same formula and method, the corresponding extracts are added into the basic feed at the concentration of 2g/kg respectively according to the table 4 to prepare the corresponding pellet feed. After air drying at 60 ℃, the water content of the feed of each treatment group is measured by a Middy halogen rapid moisture meter.
TABLE 4
The experimental results are shown in fig. 2, and the results show that the composite extract improves the water content of the feed particles compared with the blank group. The feed water content of the composite water-retaining agent group is larger than that of the control group, but the difference is not obvious, but the composite extract is less in dosage, so that certain advantages exist in the aspect of saving cost.
Sixth, the adding amount of the composite water-retaining agent is shown in the examples
According to the same formula and method, the composite water-retaining agent is added into the feed according to the concentrations of 0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5 and 1.8 percent respectively to prepare corresponding 7 kinds of pellet feed. After air drying at 60 ℃, the water content of the feed of each treatment group is measured according to the same method. The detection result is shown in figure 3, and the water content of the feed particles is remarkably improved (P is less than 0.05) by adding 0.6-1.8% of the composite water-retaining agent. Polynomial regression analysis as shown in fig. 3, the optimum addition amount of the composite water retaining agent is 1.74% (P < 0.05).
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. Feed water-retaining agent natural composition, its characterized in that: comprises at least two of cortex Eucommiae extract, Aloe bark extract, folium Mori extract, and folium Ginkgo extract.
2. The feed water retaining agent natural composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: the eucommia bark extract comprises an ethyl acetate extract and/or an ethanol extract of the eucommia bark; the aloe peel extract comprises an aqueous aloe peel extract; the mulberry leaf extract comprises a mulberry leaf water extract; the folium Ginkgo extract comprises folium Ginkgo water extract.
3. The feed water retaining agent natural composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises ethyl acetate extract of cortex Eucommiae, water extract of Aloe bark, water extract of folium Mori, and water extract of folium Ginkgo.
4. The feed water retaining agent natural composition according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises ethyl acetate extract of cortex Eucommiae, water extract of Aloe bark, and water extract of folium Mori.
5. The feed water retaining agent natural composition of claim 4, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the eucommia bark ethyl acetate extract to the aloe bark water extract to the mulberry leaf water extract is 1:1: 1.
6. The feed water retaining agent natural composition according to any one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that: the content of polyphenols in the eucommia bark ethyl acetate extract is 71.25-76.53 mg/g; the content of polyphenols in the ethanol extract of cortex Eucommiae is 82.53-90.59 mg/g; the crude protein and total sugar contents of the aloe peel water extract are respectively 22.46-27.02% and 33.26-36.14%; the crude protein and total sugar contents of the mulberry leaf water extract are respectively 13.21-15.06% and 41.53-44.19%; the crude protein and total sugar content of folium Ginkgo water extract are respectively 6.24-7.36% and 56.70-65.28%.
7. The application of the feed water-retaining agent natural composition in preparing fish feed is characterized in that: the composition comprises ethyl acetate extract of cortex Eucommiae, water extract of Aloe bark, and water extract of folium Mori, and the addition amount of the composition is 0.6-1.8% of the total weight of the feed.
8. The application of the feed water-retaining agent natural composition in preparing fish feed is characterized in that: the composition comprises an ethyl acetate extract of eucommia bark, a water extract of aloe bark and a water extract of mulberry leaf, and the adding amount of the composition accounts for 1.74 percent of the total weight of the feed.
9. The application of the natural feed water-proofing agent composition in the preparation of fish feed is characterized in that: the composition is prepared by adding the eucommia bark ethyl acetate extract, the aloe bark water extract and the mulberry leaf water extract into oil of a feed formula for later use, dissolving the aloe bark water extract and the mulberry leaf water extract into water for later use, and uniformly mixing the mixture into the rest basic feeds to prepare granulated feeds.
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