CN112713365A - Battery pack and electric equipment - Google Patents
Battery pack and electric equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN112713365A CN112713365A CN202011578698.7A CN202011578698A CN112713365A CN 112713365 A CN112713365 A CN 112713365A CN 202011578698 A CN202011578698 A CN 202011578698A CN 112713365 A CN112713365 A CN 112713365A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The application provides a group battery and includes the consumer of group battery, the group battery includes a plurality of electric cores and keysets, the utmost point ear of electric core with the keysets electricity is connected, at least one the utmost point ear of electric core with contained angle between the keysets is acute angle alpha, alpha is more than or equal to 30. The application provides a group battery and consumer, the connection of acute angle sets up the utmost point ear that more is favorable to electric core and breaks off from the keysets between utmost point ear and the keysets, and the danger such as overcharge, short circuit is eliminated to the cutting off circuit to prevent group battery and consumer from continuing to use under the risk condition, avoid taking place bigger danger.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery pack and electric equipment.
Background
After a plurality of battery cells are connected in series and/or in parallel to form a battery pack, when the battery pack is normally used, misused or abused, the battery cells may be abnormally expanded due to external force extrusion, external force puncture, high-temperature circulation, high-temperature storage, overcharge, short circuit and the like, so that the risk of stress deformation, liquid leakage and even thermal runaway is generated.
In order to solve the above problems, the prior art generally uses cathode materials with high thermal stability, such as lithium cobaltate and NCM811 (the NCM represents that the main components are nickel Ni, cobalt Co and manganese Mn, and 811 represents that the ratio of the three components is 0.8:0.1: 0.1), and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2) Low gram volume NCM523 (LiNi)0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2) And even lithium iron phosphate, to reduce the reaction gas generation during the use, to inhibit the expansion and the subsequent windThe occurrence of danger; or electrolyte with high thermal stability is used, such as a cyclic ester system with good thermal stability and an additive are used, so that the reaction gas generation between the cathode and the anode and the electrolyte is reduced, and the expansion and the subsequent risks are inhibited; or a pressure release valve is arranged on the shell of the battery pack, and when the battery core generates gas to burst the packaging bag, the gas can be released to the outside of the battery pack through the pressure release valve, so that more risks are avoided.
However, the existing solutions do not fundamentally eliminate the abnormal swelling and the associated risks, nor do they fundamentally solve the risks of overcharge and short circuits.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present application are directed to providing a battery pack, which can timely cut off an external circuit for abnormal expansion of a battery cell, solve risks such as overcharge and short circuit, prevent the battery pack from being continuously used in a risky situation, and avoid greater risks.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the embodiment of the application is as follows: the utility model provides a battery pack, includes a plurality of electric cores and keysets (Bus bar), the utmost point ear of electric core with one side electricity of keysets is connected, the keysets plays conduction current's effect, series connection between a plurality of electric cores, electric core includes the body and supplies the sealing that utmost point ear was worn out, the sealing is followed the terminal surface of body outwards extends and forms, wherein, at least one the utmost point ear of electric core with contained angle between the keysets is acute angle alpha, alpha is greater than or equal to 30.
When the battery cells are abnormally expanded (there is a safety risk), the expansion of the battery cells may cause the battery cells (especially, the outer battery cells) to be displaced to the outer side of the battery pack due to the stacked state of the battery cells in the battery pack. The displacement can drive one end of the lug of the battery cell to move, and the other end of the lug is fixed on the adapter plate and does not move, so that the connection between the lug of the battery cell and the adapter plate is changed from a right angle to an acute angle (the complementary angle is an obtuse angle). The pulling force of the electric core displacement to the pole lug can be relieved through the angle change, the pole lug is not disconnected, the circuit is still conducted, and the safety risk still exists. When the utmost point ear of electric core and adapter plate be connected and be the acute angle, when electric core unusual inflation, electric core (especially outside electric core) can produce the displacement to the outside of group battery, but utmost point ear this moment is difficult to alleviate the pulling force through the angle change, changes in because the pulling force that receives electric core displacement and splits, the fracture includes but not limited to the fracture of utmost point ear self, the junction fracture of utmost point ear and electric core, the junction fracture of utmost point ear and adapter plate. After the fracture, the conductive circuit is cut off, which is beneficial to eliminating safety risks.
In one embodiment, the α satisfies the following condition: tan alpha is larger than L1/L2, wherein L1 represents the distance between the adapter plate and the end face of the body, and L2 represents the distance between the junction of the lugs of two adjacent battery cells and the corresponding end face. In one embodiment, the plurality of battery cells include a first battery cell, a second battery cell, and a third battery cell disposed between the first battery cell and the second battery cell, and an included angle between a tab of the first battery cell and the interposer is α. In one embodiment, an included angle between the tab of the second electrical core and the interposer is α.
In one embodiment, α is 45 ° to 80 °. The upper angle of alpha is a right angle approaching 90 deg. (i.e. the prior art design). When the angle alpha is 45 degrees, the pole ear of the battery cell is close to the adjacent battery cell, and if the angle alpha exceeds the lower limit angle, the short circuit risk with the adjacent battery cell is increased. In addition, in the design of an actual battery pack, a normal expansion space (8%) of the cells is reserved, and the expansion space includes a gap between each cell and a gap between the outermost cell and the inner wall of the housing. The expansion space is filled with foam, the foam is gradually compressed in the normal expansion of the battery cell, and the compressed foam provides the space for the normal expansion of the battery cell, so that the displacement amplitude of each battery cell is not too large, and the tension of the lug and the adapter plate is small. During normal use, the battery pack may face the conditions of shaking and vibration, and in such a case, the amplitude of shaking and vibration does not exceed 8% of the space defined by the foam. The lower limit of the angle alpha is set to be 45 degrees, so that the requirements of pulling force of the pole lug and the adapter plate and covering shaking vibration can be met.
In one embodiment, the tabs of the first battery cell or the second battery cell respectively include a first tab and a second tab, and an included angle between the interposer and at least one of the first tab and the second tab is α. In one embodiment, an included angle between the first tab of the first electrical core and the interposer is α, and an included angle between the second tab of the first electrical core and the interposer is a straight angle. Any tab in the series circuit can be set to form an acute angle alpha with the included angle between the tab and the adapter plate, and the series conductive circuit can be cut off due to the fracture of any tab (the fracture of the tab per se, the fracture of the joint of the tab and the battery cell and the fracture of the joint of the tab and the adapter plate).
In one embodiment, the first tab and/or the second tab is provided with a notch. In one embodiment, the number of the notches is multiple, and the notches are respectively located on the same side of the first tab or the second tab. In one embodiment, the shape of the notch is triangular, square, circular or irregular. When the electric core expands abnormally, the tab is pulled, stress is concentrated at the notch, the tab can break from the notch, a conductive circuit is cut off, and a protection effect is achieved.
The embodiment of the application also provides electric equipment, which comprises a load and the battery pack, wherein the battery pack is used for supplying power to the load. In some embodiments, the powered device comprises an electric vehicle, an electric tool, or a drone.
The battery pack and the electric equipment provided by the embodiment of the application, when abnormal expansion occurs to the battery cell because of reasons such as external force extrusion, external force puncture, high temperature circulation, high temperature storage, overcharge and short circuit abuse, the acute angle between the tab and the adapter plate is connected and the tab which is more favorable for the battery cell is disconnected from the adapter plate through the notch arrangement, the circuit is cut off, dangers such as overcharge and short circuit are eliminated, the battery pack and the electric equipment are prevented from being continuously used under the risk condition, and the occurrence of greater dangers is avoided.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery pack according to another embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a battery cell according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 9 is a graph illustrating an overcharge test of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Description of the main element symbols:
Notch 60
The following detailed description further illustrates embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the above-described figures.
Detailed Description
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the embodiments of this application belong. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a battery pack, which includes a plurality of battery cells and an interposer 10, where the battery cells are stacked along a predetermined direction, and the interposer 10 is located on the same side of the battery cells. The core includes a body 21 and a sealing portion (not shown) through which the tab 20 passes, the sealing portion being formed to extend outward from an end surface 22 of the body 21. The tab 20 of each battery cell is electrically connected with one side of the adapter plate 10, an included angle between at least one tab 20 of the battery cell and the adapter plate 10 is an acute angle α, and α is greater than or equal to 30 °.
The plurality of cells includes a first cell 30, a second cell 40, and a third cell 50 disposed between the first cell 30 and the second cell 40. The included angle between the tab 20 of the first battery cell 30 and/or the second battery cell 40 and the interposer 10 is α, that is, the included angle between the tab 20 of at least one of the two battery cells at the outermost side of the battery pack and the interposer 10 is an acute angle α. As shown in fig. 1, the tab 20 of the two outermost cells is connected to the adaptor plate 10 at an acute angle. As shown in fig. 2, the tab 20 of the outermost cell is connected to the adaptor plate 10 at an acute angle, and fig. 2 shows that the tab 20 of the first cell 30 is connected to the adaptor plate 10 at an acute angle. It is understood that the tab 20 of the second core 40 may be connected to the interposer 10 at an acute angle.
When the battery cells are abnormally expanded (there is a safety risk), the expansion of the battery cells may cause the battery cells (especially, the outer battery cells) to be displaced to the outer side of the battery pack due to the stacked state of the battery cells in the battery pack. This displacement will drive one end of the tab 20 of the cell to move, and the other end of the tab 20 is fixed to the adaptor plate 10 without moving, so that the connection between the tab 20 of the cell and the adaptor plate 10 changes from a right angle to an acute angle (the complementary angle is an obtuse angle). This angle change can alleviate the pulling force of electric core displacement to utmost point ear 20, and utmost point ear 20 does not break off, and the circuit still switches on, and the security risk still exists. When the tab 20 of the battery cell is connected with the adapter plate 10 at an acute angle, when the battery cell expands abnormally, the battery cell (especially, the outside battery cell) may generate displacement to the outside of the battery pack, but the tab 20 is difficult to relieve the tension through angle change at this time, and is more prone to fracture due to the tension caused by the displacement of the battery cell, and the fracture includes but is not limited to fracture of the tab 20 itself, fracture of the joint of the tab 20 and the battery cell, and fracture of the joint of the tab 20 and the adapter plate 10. After the fracture, the conductive circuit is cut off, which is beneficial to eliminating safety risks.
As shown in fig. 1, α satisfies the following condition: tan alpha is greater than L1/L2, wherein L1 represents the distance between the adapter plate 10 and the end face 22 of the body 21, and L2 represents the distance between the junctions of the tabs 20 of two adjacent battery cells and the corresponding end faces 22. The alpha is 45-80 degrees. The upper angle of alpha is a right angle of approximately 90 deg. (i.e. the prior art design). When the angle α is 45 °, the tab 20 of the cell is close to the adjacent cell, and if the angle α exceeds the lower limit angle, the risk of short circuit with the adjacent cell increases. In addition, in the design of an actual battery pack, a normal expansion space (8%) of the cells is generally reserved, and the expansion space includes a gap between each cell and a gap between the outermost cell and the inner wall of the housing. The expansion space is filled with foam, the foam is gradually compressed in the normal expansion of the battery cell, and the compressed foam provides the space for the normal expansion of the battery cell, so that the displacement amplitude of each battery cell is not too large, and the tension of the electrode lug 20 and the adapter plate 10 is also small. During normal use, the battery pack may face the conditions of shaking and vibration, and under the conditions, the amplitude of shaking and vibration does not exceed the space of 8% limited by the foam. The lower limit of the angle α is set to 45 °, which can meet the requirements of the pulling force between the tab 20 and the interposer 10 and the vibration caused by covering shaking.
As shown in fig. 3, the tabs 20 of the first battery cell 30 or the second battery cell 40 respectively include a first tab 201 and a second tab 202, and an included angle between at least one of the first tab 201 and the second tab 202 and the interposer 10 is α. Fig. 3 shows that the included angle between the second tab 202 and the adapter plate 10 is α, and the included angle between the first tab 201 and the adapter plate 10 is a right angle. It can be understood that the included angle between the first tab 201 and the interposer 10 may be α, and the included angle between the second tab 202 and the interposer 10 may also be α; or, an included angle between the first tab 201 and the interposer 10 is α, and an included angle between the second tab 202 and the interposer 10 is a right angle. Any tab 20 in the series circuit can be designed to form an acute angle α with the interposer 10, because any tab 20 fracture (tab 20 fracture itself, tab 20 fracture at the connection with the cell, tab 20 fracture at the connection with the interposer 10) can cut off the series circuit.
Further, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the first tab 201 and/or the second tab 202 are provided with a notch 60, and the notch 60 facilitates stress concentration. Further, as shown in fig. 6, the number of the notches 60 is plural, and the notches are respectively located on the same side of the first tab or the second tab. As shown in fig. 6-8, the shape of the notch 60 is triangular, square, circular, irregular, etc. When the battery core expands abnormally, the tab 20 is pulled, and the stress is concentrated at the notch 60, so that the tab can be broken from the notch 60, a conductive circuit is cut off, and a protection effect is achieved.
The present application will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
The included angle between the two tabs 20 of each electric core and the adapter plate 10 is 80 °, which is the included angle between the two outermost electric cores in the battery pack, namely the first electric core 30 and the second electric core 40. The battery pack was subjected to an overcharge test. In this application, if no special description is given, it indicates that the included angle between the tab 20 of the battery cell and the adapter plate 10 is 90 °.
Example 2
The included angle between the two tabs 20 of each electric core and the adapter plate 10 is 80 °, which is the included angle between the two outermost electric cores in the battery pack, namely the first electric core 30 and the second electric core 40. The battery pack was subjected to an overcharge test.
Example 3
The included angle between the two tabs 20 of each outermost two cells, namely the first cell 30 and the second cell 40, and the adapter plate 10 is 60 °. The battery pack was subjected to an overcharge test.
Example 4
The included angle between the two tabs 20 of each electric core and the adapter plate 10 is 45 degrees, namely, the first electric core 30 and the second electric core 40 of the two outermost electric cores in the battery pack. The battery pack was subjected to an overcharge test.
Example 5
An included angle between the tab 20 of one of the cells on the outermost side of the battery pack and the adapter plate 10 is 45 °, that is, both included angles between the two tabs 20 of the first cell 30 and the adapter plate 10 are 45 °, or both included angles between the two tabs 20 of the second cell 40 and the adapter plate 10 are 45 °. The battery pack was subjected to an overcharge test.
Example 6
An included angle between one of the tabs 20 of one of the outermost battery cells in the battery pack and the interposer 10 is 45 °, that is, an included angle between the first tab 201 of the first battery cell 30 and the interposer 10 is 45 °, an included angle between the second tab 202 of the first battery cell 30 and the interposer 10 is 45 °, an included angle between the first tab 201 of the second battery cell 40 and the interposer 10 is 45 °, or an included angle between the second tab 202 of the second battery cell 40 and the interposer 10 is 45 °. The battery pack was subjected to an overcharge test.
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that: the included angle between the tab 20 of all the cells of the battery pack and the adapter plate 10 is 90 °. The battery pack was subjected to an overcharge test.
Comparative example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: the included angle between the tab 20 and the adapter plate 10 of all the cells of the battery pack is 90 °, and a high-thermal-stability cathode material (surface-coated NCM523 material) is used for the cells. The battery pack was subjected to an overcharge test.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: the included angles between the lugs 20 of all the cells of the battery pack and the adapter plate 10 are 90 degrees, and the cells use high-heat-stability electrolyte (the content of the cyclic carbonate is more than or equal to 50 percent). And carrying out an overcharge test on the battery pack.
The method of the overcharge test is as follows: the battery pack is fully charged at 0.5C, stands for 30min, and then is overcharged at 2C until the voltage of the battery pack reaches n x 6V (n is the number of the batteries in series connection in the battery pack), and is kept at a constant voltage for 7 h. The voltage, current and temperature during the test were recorded.
In the overcharge test, the determination criteria are: if the battery pack does not burn or explode, the test is passed. The 10 battery packs in example 1 passed 8 packs; in example 2, 9 groups were passed for 10 battery groups; in examples 3 to 6, all of the 10 battery packs in each example passed; in comparative examples 1 to 3, 10 batteries in each pair of comparative examples failed the overcharge test. Therefore, the danger such as overcharge, short circuit can be solved to the setting that is the acute angle between utmost point ear and the keysets, is showing the security performance who has improved the group battery.
The overcharge test curve of the battery pack in example 5 is shown in fig. 9, which includes a voltage curve, a temperature curve, and a current curve. As can be seen from fig. 9, as overcharge progresses (charging current is 10A), the voltage and temperature of the battery pack gradually increase, at which time the cells will start to swell abnormally (safety risk starts to increase). After about 4min of overcharge, the tab 20 breaks in time to cut off the charging circuit, the overcharge current is instantly reduced from 10A to 0A, the overcharge abuse is stopped, the temperature is not increased any more and is lower than 60 ℃, and the temperature begins to gradually decrease, so that the safety risk is eliminated. Therefore, the danger such as overcharge, short circuit can be solved to the setting that is the acute angle between utmost point ear and the keysets, is showing the security performance who has improved the group battery.
The utility model provides a group battery and include the consumer of group battery, when the abnormal expansion appears in reasons such as electric core wherein because of for external force extrusion, external force puncture, high temperature cycle, high temperature storage, overcharge, short circuit abuse, the utmost point ear that will more be favorable to electric core between utmost point ear and the keysets is disconnected from the keysets to the connection setting of acute angle and breach setting etc. cuts off the circuit, solves dangers such as overcharge, short circuit to prevent that group battery and consumer from continuing to use under the risk condition, avoid taking place bigger danger.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. The battery pack comprises a plurality of battery cells and adapter plates, wherein the lugs of the battery cells are electrically connected with the adapter plates, and the battery pack is characterized in that the included angle between at least one lug of each battery cell and the corresponding adapter plate is an acute angle alpha, and the angle alpha is greater than or equal to 30 degrees.
2. The battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the battery cell comprises a body and a sealing part for the tab to penetrate out, the sealing part is formed by extending outwards from an end face of the body, and the α satisfies the following condition: tan alpha is larger than L1/L2, wherein L1 represents the distance between the adapter plate and the end face of the body, and L2 represents the distance between the junction of the lugs of two adjacent battery cells and the corresponding end face.
3. The battery of claim 1 wherein α is 45 ° to 80 °.
4. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells comprises a first cell, a second cell, and a third cell disposed between the first cell and the second cell, and an included angle between a tab of the first cell and the interposer is α.
5. The battery pack of claim 4, wherein an included angle between the tab of the second cell and the adapter plate is α.
6. The battery pack of claim 4, wherein the tabs of the first cell or the second cell comprise a first tab and a second tab, respectively, and an included angle between at least one of the first tab and the second tab and the interposer is α.
7. The battery pack of claim 6, wherein an angle between the first tab of the first cell and the interposer is α, and an angle between the second tab of the first cell and the interposer is a right angle.
8. The battery of claim 6, wherein the first tab and/or the second tab is provided with a notch.
9. The battery pack according to claim 8, wherein the number of the notches is plural, and the plurality of notches are located on the same side of the first tab or the second tab, respectively.
10. The battery of claim 8, wherein the shape of the notch is triangular, square, circular, or irregular.
11. The battery pack of claim 1, wherein the plurality of cells are connected in series.
12. An electrical consumer comprising a load and a battery pack as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 for powering the load.
13. The powered device of claim 12, the powered device comprising an electric vehicle, a power tool, or a drone.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011578698.7A CN112713365B (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | Battery pack and electric equipment |
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| CN202011578698.7A CN112713365B (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2020-12-28 | Battery pack and electric equipment |
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| CN112713365B CN112713365B (en) | 2022-09-23 |
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| CN114497916A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-13 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Tab, electrochemical device, electric equipment and compression roller |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114497916A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-13 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Tab, electrochemical device, electric equipment and compression roller |
| CN114497916B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-07-15 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Tab, electrochemical device, electric equipment and compression roller |
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