CN112709213A - Method and device for curing top of gravel pile based on MICP technology - Google Patents
Method and device for curing top of gravel pile based on MICP technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112709213A CN112709213A CN202011614219.2A CN202011614219A CN112709213A CN 112709213 A CN112709213 A CN 112709213A CN 202011614219 A CN202011614219 A CN 202011614219A CN 112709213 A CN112709213 A CN 112709213A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
- E02D3/08—Improving by compacting by inserting stones or lost bodies, e.g. compaction piles
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for solidifying the top of a gravel pile based on MICP technology, wherein a grouting device and a slurry pumping device are arranged in a region to be reinforced on the top of the gravel pile, pressure grouting is carried out through the grouting device, slurry pumping is carried out through the slurry pumping device, and the grouting is based on the MICP technology: and injecting pasteurella bacillus liquid, then injecting the cementing liquid, exchanging the functions of the grouting device and the slurry pumping device after grouting is finished, and performing the grouting and slurry pumping process again. The method can form a cementing layer in the pile top reinforcing area of the gravel pile, and limit lateral bulging deformation near the pile top, so that the bearing capacity of the pile body is improved, the settlement of the pile top is reduced, and the method is remarkable in effect, safe and environment-friendly. The invention only reinforces the top of the gravel pile and ensures the full contact between the slurry and the gravel particles during grouting, thereby ensuring the reinforcing effect and saving resources.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method and a device for solidifying the top of a gravel pile, in particular to a method and a device for solidifying the top of a gravel pile based on a MICP technology, belonging to the technical field of application of biotechnology to foundation treatment.
Background
When the natural foundation cannot meet the requirements of the upper structure on the bearing and deformation of the foundation, the foundation treatment is usually required. The gravel pile can be used as a vertical reinforcement, forms a composite foundation with a natural foundation to jointly bear upper load, has the effects of compacting by vibration, replacement, drainage consolidation and the like, can effectively improve the bearing capacity of the foundation, accelerate consolidation, reduce post-construction settlement, avoid the occurrence of liquefaction phenomenon, has the advantages of rich material resources, low manufacturing cost, environmental protection and the like, and is widely applied to the field of foundation treatment. However, the gravel pile is a discrete material pile, which does not have cementing capacity, the bearing capacity of the pile body depends on the lateral restraining force provided by the soil around the pile, and when the soil around the pile has low strength (the non-drainage shear strength is less than 15kPa), the top of the gravel pile is easy to generate excessive bulging deformation, so that the whole composite foundation is damaged. In order to improve the mechanical property of the gravel pile, the prior art method for reinforcing the gravel pile in engineering is a post-grouting method, cement, lime, a gelled polymer material and the like are mainly adopted for grouting treatment, and although a good reinforcing effect can be achieved, the problems of high energy consumption, high emission, environmental pollution and the like exist, which is contrary to the current economic and social construction concept of vigorously pushing energy conservation, emission reduction, low carbon and environmental protection in China.
In addition, current slip casting technique, the thick liquid can ooze gradually, and the thick liquid horizontal direction diffusion is not enough when leading to the slip casting, not only leads to the thick liquid extravagant, can make the peripheral rubble of gravel pile and thick liquid contact inadequately moreover for the cohesiveness is relatively poor, and intensity is lower.
The microbe induced calcium carbonate deposition (MICP) technology is one new kind of rock and soil reinforcing technology, and the main principle of the technology is to utilize the mineralization of microbe to glue discrete grains and to raise the strength and rigidity of the discrete material greatly. The MICP technology based on urea hydrolysis is used as one of the mineralization types, urease generated by Paenibacillus pasteurianus (a non-toxic and harmless urease-producing microorganism widely existing in soil or water environment) is used for catalyzing urea to hydrolyze in a short time to generate a large amount of carbonate, and the carbonate is combined with calcium ions in the environment to generate calcium carbonate precipitate, so that the granular materials can be quickly cemented. The MICP technology based on urea hydrolysis is the most widely applied biomineralization technology at present, and has the advantages of economy, environmental protection, controllability, high efficiency and the like. However, the method and apparatus for curing the top of the gravel pile using the related MICP technology have not been applied to the engineering.
The invention applies the MICP technology to the reinforcement of the gravel pile and carries out curing treatment on the gravel particles in a certain range on the pile top of the gravel pile. According to past engineering experience, the reinforcing effect on the gravel pile within the range of the upper part depth of 2m is good, the bulging deformation can be fully controlled, and the highest utilization rate of the bacteria liquid and the cementing liquid is ensured. Meanwhile, the invention provides a grouting (slurry pumping) device which has small disturbance to the in-situ soil body and convenient construction, and a set of construction process which can ensure the reinforcing quality and is convenient and feasible to operate is prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that the pile top of a gravel pile is easy to bulge and damage and the post-grouting technology has high energy consumption, high emission and environmental pollution in the prior art, and provides a method and a device for solidifying the top of the gravel pile based on the MICP technology. The invention only reinforces the top of the gravel pile and ensures the full contact between the slurry and the gravel particles during grouting, thereby ensuring the reinforcing effect and saving resources.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a device for solidifying the top of a gravel pile based on the MICP technology comprises a grouting immersed tube and a grouting tube arranged at the middle shaft of the grouting immersed tube; a cavity is formed inside the grouting immersed tube and communicated with a plurality of grouting holes which are uniformly distributed on the end surface of the top of the grouting immersed tube and first holes which are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the grouting immersed tube; a second hole corresponding to the first hole is formed in the grouting pipe; one of the grouting pipe and the grouting hole is communicated with a grouting device, and the other grouting pipe is communicated with a slurry pumping device.
The bottom of the grouting immersed tube is hinged with a plurality of valve pile shoes; and filter screens are arranged at the positions of the second holes corresponding to the first holes.
The top of the grouting immersed tube is detachably connected with a charging immersed tube through a flange plate, and a charging opening is formed in the charging immersed tube; the charging immersed tube is connected with a vibrating head, and the vibrating head is connected with a vibrating immersed tube gravel pile machine.
The further improvement, slip casting immersed tube length is 3000mm, the external diameter is 600mm, the wall thickness is 20mm, slip casting immersed tube up end is 290mm apart from the centre of a circle, use 30 as interval evenly distributed 12 grouting holes, the first punchhole sets up in the slip casting immersed tube height 500mm to 2500mm within range, the axial interval between the adjacent punchhole is 50 mm.
The improved grouting pipe is further improved, the length of the grouting pipe is 3000mm, the outer diameter of the grouting pipe is 30mm, the wall thickness of the grouting pipe is 5mm, second holes are formed in the pipe wall of the grouting pipe and are arranged in the range from 0mm to 2000mm in height of the grouting pipe, eight rows of second holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the grouting pipe at equal intervals, each row of second holes are axially arranged along the grouting pipe, and the interval between every two adjacent rows of second holes in each row of second holes is 50 mm.
In a further refinement, the first and second apertures have a bore diameter of 10 mm.
The further improvement, the grouting device is a grouting pump, and the slurry pumping device is a slurry pumping pump.
In a further improvement, a resistivity tester is arranged on the grouting pipe; and a hanging ring is arranged at the top of the grouting pipe.
A method of curing the top of a gravel pile based on MICP technology, comprising the steps of:
step one, assembling a grouting immersed tube, a charging immersed tube, a vibrating head and an immersed tube gravel pile machine; the bottom of the grouting immersed tube is hinged with a plurality of valve pile shoes; a charging opening is formed on the charging immersed tube; a cavity is formed inside the grouting immersed tube and communicated with a plurality of grouting holes which are uniformly distributed on the end surface of the top of the grouting immersed tube and first holes which are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the grouting immersed tube; a second hole corresponding to the first hole is formed in the grouting pipe;
secondly, starting the vibration head to vibrate downwards, and stopping vibrating and sinking when the bottom end of the immersed tube reaches a set reinforcement depth;
thirdly, adding the crushed stones in batches through the charging port, starting a vibrating head to vibrate and pull up the grouting immersed tube after each batch of crushed stones are added, gradually vibrating and pulling up the grouting immersed tube until the upper end of the grouting immersed tube is exposed out of the ground amm, and then unloading the charging immersed tube;
step four, filling broken stones into the grouting immersed tube, measuring whether the distance between the top surface of the broken stone pile and the ground is b m, placing the grouting tube in the center when the measurement result is just equal to b m, and fixedly connecting the grouting tube with the grouting immersed tube;
filling crushed stone into an annular area between the grouting immersed tube and the grouting tube, compacting the crushed stone in a layering manner, filling the crushed stone to the ground height, and then starting grouting; during grouting, the first hole is communicated with the grouting device, the grouting pipe is communicated with the slurry pumping device, and then grouting is carried out through the first hole, and slurry is pumped through the slurry pumping pipe, so that a stable seepage field is formed between the inner wall of the grouting immersed pipe and the grouting pipe; after primary grouting operation is completed, the first hole is communicated with a grouting device, a grouting pipe is communicated with the grouting device, grouting is performed through the grouting pipe, and grouting is performed through the first hole, so that a seepage field is reversed to complete secondary grouting operation;
and step six, after the grouting task is finished, pulling out the grouting immersed tube and the grouting tube, and cleaning.
Further improvement, in the fourth step, during grouting, the MICP technology is adopted: injecting a bacterium solution and then a cementing solution; the microorganism in the bacterial liquid is Bacillus pasteurianus, and the culture medium used by the microorganism is YE-NH4Liquid medium, 1L medium is composed of the following raw materials: 20g of yeast extract, 10g of ammonium sulfate and15.73g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, the balance being water; 1L of the cementing liquid consists of the following raw materials: 0.6mol of urea, 0.5mol of calcium chloride and 3g of nutrient broth, and the balance of water; a is 500, b is 2.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the 2.0m range of the pile top of the gravel pile is reinforced based on the MICP technology, a stable seepage field can be formed during grouting, the uniformity of grouting and the sufficient contact between slurry and gravel particles are ensured, so that the lateral bulging deformation near the pile top can be effectively limited, the bearing capacity of the pile body is improved, and the settlement of the pile top is reduced.
2. Compared with the traditional adopted cement chemical slurry, the invention is eco-friendly based on the MICP technology and does not pollute the environment.
3. Compared with the whole-section grouting of the gravel pile, the cost is saved.
4. The novel grouting (pumping) device is closely connected with the pile forming process, is convenient to operate, has small disturbance to the in-situ soil body, and can ensure the grouting quality.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic three-dimensional structure of a grouting immersed tube;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a grouting caisson;
FIG. 3 is a front view of a grouting caisson;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of a grout pipe;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a specific construction process;
FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a slip casting flow field;
fig. 7 is a schematic top view of a slip casting flow field.
Wherein: 1. a vibrating immersed tube gravel pile machine comprises a vibrating head 2, a vibrating head 3, a flange plate 4, a charging opening 5, a charging immersed tube 6, a grouting immersed tube 7, a plurality of valve pile shoes 8, a grouting tube 9, a grouting hole 10, a first hole 11, a second hole 12 and a hanging ring.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
A grouting (pumping) device for solidifying the top of a gravel pile based on the MICP technology mainly comprises a grouting immersed tube 6 and a grouting tube 8, and matched construction equipment mainly comprises a vibration immersed tube gravel pile machine 1, a pressure grouting machine, a pumping pump and the like. As shown in fig. 1-3, the length of the grouting immersed tube 6 is 3000mm, the outer diameter is 600mm, the wall thickness is 20mm, 12 grouting holes 9 are uniformly distributed at intervals of 30 degrees on a concentric circle with the distance from the circle center of the upper end section being 290mm, the grouting holes 9 are communicated with first holes 10 in the inner wall surface of the grouting immersed tube 6, the first holes 10 in the inner wall surface of the grouting immersed tube 6 are arranged in the range from 500mm to 2500mm in height of the immersed tube, the length is 2.0m, the axial distance between the holes is 50mm corresponding to the length of a gravel pile reinforcing area. The outer side of the lower end of the grouting immersed tube 6 is provided with a plurality of valve pile shoes 7 which are arranged on the outer wall of the immersed tube through hinges, when the immersed tube is immersed, the valves can be folded into a cone to prevent crushed stone from flowing back into the tube, and when the tube is pulled out, the valves are automatically opened so that the crushed stone can be poured in. The upper end of the grouting immersed tube 6 is provided with a flange 3 which is connected with the charging immersed tube 5 through bolts. Figure 4 shows, 8 length of slip casting pipe are 3000mm, the external diameter is 30mm, the wall thickness is 5mm, set up second punchhole 11 on the 8 pipe walls of slip casting pipe, the punchhole setting is in high 0mm to 2000mm within range, length is 2.0m, correspond gravel pile reinforcing area length, the shaft of pipe sets up 8 punchholes along the hoop equidistant, set up one row of punchholes along axial interval 50mm, 8 upper end installation rings 12 of slip casting pipe make things convenient for the slip casting pipe to extract. The aperture of the grouting immersed tube 6 and the aperture of the grouting tube 8 are both 10 mm. A layer of steel wire mesh is arranged on the inner wall surface and the outer wall surface of each eyelet respectively to prevent broken stone particles from entering or blocking the eyelets in the sinking process of the immersed tube and the broken stone filling process after the grouting tube is positioned. And a resistivity tester is arranged on the grouting pipe 8 to ensure grouting quality. The grouting device has the function of pumping grout, and the grouting pressure is slightly greater than the water pressure because the viscosity of the poured grout is close to that of water. The specific construction process is shown in fig. 5:
the method comprises the following steps: the vibration immersed tube gravel pile machine 1 is put in place at a preset position, a charging immersed tube 5 and a grouting immersed tube 6 are assembled through bolts, and the charging immersed tube 5 is riveted with a vibration head 2 of the vibration immersed tube gravel pile machine 1 through bolts. The valve pile shoes 7 are folded and closed, the preset pile position is aligned, the vibrating head 2 is started to vibrate downwards, the flange 3, the charging opening 4, the charging immersed tube 5 and the grouting immersed tube 6 which are connected with the vibrating head vibrate together to penetrate into the foundation downwards, and the pointed cone formed when the valve pile shoes 7 are folded is easy to penetrate into the soil body. Stopping vibrating and sinking when the bottom end of the immersed tube reaches a set reinforcement depth;
step two: broken stones are added in batches through the charging port 4, the vibrating head 2 is started to vibrate and pull up the immersed tube after each batch of broken stones are added, the quantity of each batch of broken stones is controlled according to the result of pile trial before construction, it is guaranteed that partial broken stones remain in the immersed tube after each batch of vibration and pull up, pile breakage is prevented, generally, the pulling up speed can be controlled to be 1.0-2.0 m/min, each batch of broken stones is lifted by 1.0-2.0 m, and the vibration is kept for 30-60 s. The immersed tube is vibrated and pulled up until the upper end of the grouting immersed tube 6 is 500mm exposed out of the ground, and then the charging immersed tube 5 is unloaded, wherein the distance between the top surface of the crushed stone and the ground is more than 2.0 m.
Step three: and (3) filling broken stone from the grouting immersed tube 6, measuring whether the distance between the top surface of the broken stone pile and the ground is 2.0m or not by using a long ruler or other measuring tools, and when the measuring result is just equal to 2.0m, placing the grouting tube 8 in the middle and fixedly connecting the grouting tube with the immersed tube wall.
Step four: filling broken stones into the pile from the grouting immersed tube 6, filling the broken stones between the inner wall of the grouting immersed tube 6 and the grouting tube 8, compacting the broken stones in layers from the bottom of the hole, stopping filling the broken stones to the ground height, and preparing for grouting.
Step five: as shown in fig. 6 and 7, pressure grouting is performed in the grouting hole 9 of the grouting immersed tube 6, grout enters the crushed stone from the first hole 10 communicated with the grouting hole, and at the same time, a pumping pump connected to the grouting tube 8 is opened, so that a stable seepage field is formed between the inner wall of the grouting immersed tube 6 and the grouting tube 8. Under the action of the seepage field, the bacterial liquid and the cementing liquid can be uniformly distributed among the gravel particles, and simultaneously the slurry pumped out by the grouting pipe 8 is recovered. After the primary grouting operation is finished, the grouting device and the slurry pumping device exchange roles, the original grouting immersed tube 6 is connected with a slurry pumping pump for pumping slurry, and the grouting pipe 8 is used for grouting to enable the seepage field to be reversed so as to ensure that the slurry is fully contacted with the gravel particles. Grouting is based on the MICP technology: injecting a bacterial solution, and then injecting a cementing solution, wherein the microorganism in the bacterial solution is bacillus pasteurii, and a culture medium used by the microorganism is YE-NH4Liquid medium, 1L medium is composed of the following raw materials: 20g of yeast extract, 10g of ammonium sulfate and15.73g of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, 1L of the cementing fluid was composed of the following raw materials: 0.6mol urea, 0.5mol calcium chloride and 3g nutrient broth. And performing multiple grouting operations according to the test result of the soil resistivity test equipment.
And after the grouting task is finished, the grouting immersed tube 6 and the grouting tube 8 are pulled out by using the vibrating immersed tube gravel pile machine, cleaned and prepared for reuse. The top is not filled with broken stones in time.
The above-mentioned embodiment is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, and is not meant to be a limitation of the present invention, and any simple modification and replacement thereof are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A device for solidifying the top of a gravel pile based on the MICP technology is characterized by comprising a grouting immersed tube (6) and a grouting tube (8) positioned at the middle shaft of the grouting immersed tube (6); a cavity is formed in the grouting immersed tube (6), and is communicated with a plurality of grouting holes (9) which are uniformly distributed on the end surface of the top of the grouting immersed tube (6) and first holes (10) which are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the grouting immersed tube (6); a second hole (11) corresponding to the first hole (10) is formed in the grouting pipe (8); one of the grouting pipe (8) and the grouting hole (9) is communicated with a grouting device, and the other is communicated with a slurry pumping device.
2. The MICP technology based apparatus for curing the top of gravel pile of claim 1, wherein the bottom of the grouting immersed tube (6) is hinged with a plurality of valve boots (7); and filter screens are arranged at the positions of the second holes (11) corresponding to the first holes (10).
3. An apparatus for curing the top of a gravel pile based on the MICP technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the top of the grouting immersed tube (6) is detachably connected with a charging immersed tube (5) through a flange (3), and the charging immersed tube (5) is formed with a charging hole (4); the charging immersed tube (5) is connected with a vibrating head (2), and the vibrating head (2) is connected with a vibrating immersed tube gravel pile machine (1).
4. The apparatus for curing the top of a gravel pile based on the MICP technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grouting caisson (6) has a length of 3000mm, an outer diameter of 600mm, a wall thickness of 20mm, 12 grouting holes (9) are uniformly distributed at intervals of 30 ° at a distance of 290mm from the center of the circle on the upper end surface of the grouting caisson (6), the first eyelets (10) are provided in the range of 500mm to 2500mm in height of the grouting caisson (6), and the axial distance between the adjacent eyelets is 50 mm.
5. The apparatus for curing the top of a gravel pile based on the MICP technology as recited in claim 1, wherein the length of the grouting pipe (8) is 3000mm, the outer diameter is 30mm, the wall thickness is 5mm, the wall of the grouting pipe (8) is provided with second holes (11), the second holes (11) are arranged in the range of 0mm to 2000mm in height of the grouting pipe (8), eight rows of second holes (11) are arranged on the wall of the grouting pipe (8) at equal intervals, each row of second holes (11) are arranged along the axial direction of the grouting pipe (8), and the interval between every two adjacent rows of second holes (11) in each row of second holes (11) is 50 mm.
6. An apparatus for curing the top of a granular stone column based on MICP technology as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the first (10) and second (11) eyelets have a diameter of 10 mm.
7. The MICP technology-based apparatus for curing the top of a gravel pile of claim 1 wherein the grouting apparatus is a grouting pump and the slurry pumping apparatus is a slurry pumping pump.
8. An apparatus for curing the top of a gravel pile based on MICP technology as claimed in claim 1, wherein said slip pipe (8) is provided with a resistivity tester; the top of the grouting pipe (8) is provided with a hanging ring (12).
9. A method of curing the top of a gravel pile based on MICP technology, comprising the steps of:
step one, assembling a grouting immersed tube (6), a charging immersed tube (5), a vibrating head (2) and an immersed tube gravel pile machine (1); the bottom of the grouting immersed tube (6) is hinged with a plurality of valve pile shoes (7); a charging opening (4) is formed on the charging immersed tube (5); a cavity is formed in the grouting immersed tube (6), and the cavity is communicated with a plurality of grouting holes (9) which are uniformly distributed on the end surface of the top of the grouting immersed tube (6) and first holes (10) which are uniformly distributed on the inner wall of the grouting immersed tube (6); a second hole (11) corresponding to the first hole (10) is formed in the grouting pipe (8);
secondly, starting the vibrating head (2) to vibrate downwards, and stopping vibrating and sinking when the bottom end of the immersed tube reaches a set reinforcement depth;
thirdly, adding the crushed stones in batches through the charging port (4), starting the vibrating head (2) to vibrate and pull up the grouting immersed tube (6) after adding the crushed stones in each batch, gradually vibrating and pulling up the grouting immersed tube (6) until the upper end of the grouting immersed tube (6) is exposed out of the ground by a mm, and then unloading the charging immersed tube (5);
step four, filling broken stones into the grouting immersed tube (6), measuring whether the distance between the top surface of the broken stone pile and the ground is b m, placing the grouting tube (8) in the center when the measurement result is just equal to b m, and fixedly connecting the grouting tube (8) with the grouting immersed tube (6);
fifthly, filling broken stones into an annular area between the grouting immersed tube (6) and the grouting tube (8), compacting in a layering manner, filling to the ground height, and then starting grouting; during grouting, the first hole (10) is communicated with a grouting device, and the grouting pipe (8) is communicated with a slurry pumping device; then grouting through the first hole (10), and pumping slurry through the grouting pipe (8) to ensure that the inner wall of the grouting immersed pipe (6) and the grouting pipe (8) form a stable seepage field; after primary grouting operation is completed, the first hole (10) is communicated with a grouting device, the grouting pipe (8) is communicated with the grouting device, grouting is performed through the grouting pipe (8), and grouting is performed through the first hole (10), so that a seepage field is reversed until secondary grouting operation is completed;
and step six, after the grouting task is finished, pulling out the grouting immersed tube (6) and the grouting tube (8) and cleaning.
10. A method of curing a granular stone column top based on MICP technique as claimed in claim 9, characterized in that, when grouting, MICP technique is used: injecting a bacterium solution and then a cementing solution; the microorganism in the bacterial liquid is Bacillus pasteurianus, and the culture medium used by the microorganism is YE-NH4Liquid medium, 1L medium is composed of the following raw materials: 20g of yeast extract, 10gAmmonium sulfate and 15.73g tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, the remainder being water; 1L of the cementing liquid consists of the following raw materials: 0.6mol of urea, 0.5mol of calcium chloride and 3g of nutrient broth, and the balance of water; a is 500, b is 2.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115450083A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-12-09 | 太原市第一建筑工程集团有限公司 | Method for reducing liquefaction of foundation |
| JP2023038138A (en) * | 2021-09-06 | 2023-03-16 | 耐震地盤建設技研株式会社 | Crushed stone pile combine method |
| CN117988317A (en) * | 2024-03-29 | 2024-05-07 | 中铁城建集团第一工程有限公司 | Gravel pile and construction process thereof |
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| JP7248873B2 (en) | 2021-09-06 | 2023-03-30 | 耐震地盤建設技研株式会社 | Crushed stone pile combine construction method |
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