CN112706592A - 车门及其制造方法 - Google Patents
车门及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 3
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- B29C45/1418—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the inserts being deformed or preformed, e.g. by the injection pressure
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C45/14—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles
- B29C45/14311—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles using means for bonding the coating to the articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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Abstract
本发明涉及车门(1、1'),该车门包括至少一个由塑料材料制成的支承部(2)和至少两个框架部件(3a、3b、3c),其中,框架部件(3a、3b、3c)通过连接节点(6)彼此连接,其中,该连接节点(6)能够通过插入模制来制造,其中,由相同的塑料材料制成的支承部(2)同时地被连结至连接节点(6)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及车门,该车门包括至少一个由塑料材料制成的支承部和至少两个框架部件,其中,框架部件通过连接节点彼此连接。
此外,本发明还涉及用于制造车门的方法。
背景技术
在汽车行业中,对由金属管和塑料材料部件制成的连接件的耐久强度有很高的要求。这通常需要金属管呈特殊几何形状,以便可靠地传递力,所述特殊几何形状只能通过附加的且成本高昂的工艺步骤来实现。这同样适用于汽车工业中用于制造门或尾门(tailgate)的方法。塑料材料的门通常是由单独焊接、然后通过粘附结合接合到门的内部部分以及外部面板的铝制或钢制加固框架来加强。
可以从DE 100 22 360 A1中分别获知这种门或这种类型的方法,其中,提供了具有至少一个可以构造为一件或多件的金属支承元件的门支承件,所述金属支承元件至少部分地由塑料材料制成。在当前情况下,在此相应的一个型材与另一个型材的连接点是用塑料材料插入模制的,以便因此建立两个部件的相应连接。
由WO 2011 124 305 A1已知一种车门,该车门的金属支承元件部分地由塑料材料制成并且被设计为内部高压成型部件。在金属支承元件的弯曲过程之后,基础金属支承元件、并且特别是横向金属支承元件被插入到打开的内部高压成型注射模制工具中。然后关闭工具,并且在基础金属支承元件的端部处的各个内部高压成型柱塞移动到基础金属支承元件的开口中。由于内部高压,型材被推向工具的腔壁,并且所述型材被赋予其最终轮廓。插入件——尤其是横向金属支承元件——通过液压紧固以形状配合的方式同时地连接至基本金属支承元件。
在内部高压成型的处理步骤之后,现在将用于紧固其他部件的塑料材料注射在同一工具中。在冷却阶段之后,可以分别从工具取回结构部件或门支承件。
尚未公开的DE 10 2019 121 725描述了一种特别用于车辆的塑料材料部件和金属管的连接,该塑料材料部件具有设置在连接区域中的形状赋予部件,其中,金属管在连接区域中具有与形状赋予部件匹配的形状。这种连接特别地是抗扭转的连接。此外,该发明涉及用于连接金属管和塑料材料部件的形状赋予部件,该形状赋予部件具有用于布置在金属管的连接区域中的第一部分,其中,第一部分具有大致筒形的基本形状,该基本形状具有在纵向侧上布置的至少一个间隙。
由DE 100 14 332 A1已知一种复合部件及其制造方法。在此构造为空心型材的主体部分地或完全地被塑料材料包围,以便与塑料材料部件建立连接。
从AT 54 360 B已知弯曲线的分支,其中,由聚合物制成的外部护套元件包围这些线。
发明内容
本发明的目的是实现下述车门:该车门的加强元件由金属和塑料材料的复合材料制成。
本发明中的车门应理解为普通门以及尾门。
该目的通过下述车门实现:该车门包括至少一个由塑料材料制成的支承部和至少两个框架部件,其中,框架部件通过连接节点彼此连接,其中,连接节点能够通过插入模制来制造,其中,由相同的塑料材料制成的支承部同时地被连结至连接节点。
根据本发明的车门可以通过注射模制过程来制造,其中,支承部的塑料材料部件以及连接节点的塑料材料部件同时地被注射模制。
在此有利的是,连接节点由金属管和插入到金属管中并具有凹部的插入件构成,其中,当插入模制时,金属管在朝向插入件的方向上塌陷。
通过这种方法可以在金属管之间产生非常积极的相互连结,因为由此产生了代表轴向防护件的底切部。
为了能够制造每种类型的潜在连接,有利的是,插入件具有两个或更多个腿部,以用于分别插入到一根金属管中。
在此,腿部之间的角度在180°至30°之间。
连接节点的插入模制部由支承部部分地代表。这意味着,连接节点的套筒状插入模制仅在背离支承部的那一侧进行,而布置在支承部上或支承部中的区域则由支承部的材料形成。
根据本发明的方法包括以下步骤:
将插入件放入到金属管中;以及
将在连接节点处带有插入件的构造的框架插入到注射模制工具中;
插入模制连接节点,其中,金属管在连接区域中形成为使得所述金属管的形状与插入件相适应;
同时地注射模制支承部。
根据本发明的方法实现了以非常简单的方式来加强框架结构以及通过注射模制过程来制造塑料材料支承部。
附图说明
下面本发明将参照附图借助于示例性实施方式以示范性方式进行描述。
在附图中:
图1示出了示例性的尾门;
图2示出了示意性的车门;
图3示出了示例性连接的示意性截面图;
图4和图5示出了使用注射模制工具的管对管连接;以及
图6示出了拐角的变体。
具体实施方式
图1示出了车门1、即尾门的主要部件。由纤维增强的塑料材料制成的支承部2用作车门的基部。增强框架3由金属或塑料材料制成、呈闭合形状或者是非闭合的任意形状。覆盖部件4连接至支承部2。在该示例性实施方式中提供了由金属制成的增强元件5,以用于增强车门1、即尾门。
在根据本发明的解决方案中,这种框架3由单个框架部件3a、3b通过连接节点6制成。在所示的示例中存在框架3的两个框架部件3a和3b;然而,由多个框架部件组成的结构也是可能的。在用于产生固定连接的方法中,由金属管组成的框架部件设置有金属插入件;将借助于图3对此进行更详细的描述。
在图2中示出具有框架3的示意性侧门1'。这种侧门具有由塑料材料制成的内覆盖层,该内覆盖层与侧门的外蒙皮和框架连接。除了尾门的实施方式之外,用于侧面碰撞保护的该框架3还包含构造为框架部件3c的增强元件。框架3的金属框架部件连接在连接节点6处。
在图3中示出了金属管10上的连接节点6,特别是在已经完成使用根据DE 10 201912725 A1的注射模制方法的连接之后。金属管10是可以商购的金属管,其可以首先被制成期望的形状和/或期望的横截面。在所示的该示例中,插入件40连接至金属管10,在该示例中,所述插入件40是由金属制成的轴。此处重要的是,插入件40具有下述结构:该结构具有凹部41,该凹部在半径上朝向内部偏移并且在随后的连接过程中用作为底切区域H。插入件40的外径大致相当于金属管的内径。此外,插入件在一侧或两侧处终止于筒形区域,该筒形区域用于促进将插入件引入到金属管中。如图5和图6所示,在两个金属管的连接中,插入件40用作内部引导件,以用于并定位都终止于对接接头的两个金属管。
这种插入件40在此具有多个凹部41,所述多个凹部41在每种情况下用于紧固两个金属管10中的一个。凹部41径向地分布在插入件40上;例如,在半径上存在均匀分布的四个凹部41。
图6所示的插入件40由L形部件构成,并且在其两个腿部上具有凹部41,该凹部41布置成相互垂直。
将作为框架3的金属管10插入到用于尾门1的支承部或车门1'的内覆盖件的注射模制工具中,从而通过插入件40松散地连接。
为了构造各个金属管10之间的连接节点6,注射模制工具50a、50b具有与待制造的连接节点6的形状部20相适应且相对应的结构。
图4中示出了一种注塑模制工具,其部件布置成位于金属管的上方和下方。注射模制工具为了支承部并且附加地为了连接节点的构型而定形状。
在用于支承部2或内覆盖件的注射模制过程中,在连接节点6处的每个金属管10通过注射压力形成为使得所述金属管10具有与插入件40相适应的形状。金属管10的成型通过注射模制过程的压力进行,所述压力在300巴至600巴之间。由于该压力,在插入件的凹部41处的金属管向管的中心方向凹入,其中,套筒型形状部20由塑料材料构造。为了在连接节点处达到该压力,必须在连接节点处将塑料材料注射到工具中。
在图3或图5中示出了金属管10的在插入件40的凹部41的区域中形成的渐缩部11。由于注入的塑料材料的压力,金属管10在朝向插入件40的方向上塌陷。
通过插入模制分别形成的套筒或形状部20接合在凹部41中,使得渐缩部11在轴向方向A上形成用于塑料材料的底切部。
支承部2通过底切区域H连接至连接节点6。
图6示出了拐角连接,其中插入件呈L形的形式。插入件的凹部被示意性地示出。所述凹部相互垂直并且轴向偏移。在注射模制过程中,金属管的区域12在朝向插入件的方向上塌陷。
同样可以实现用于多个金属管的连接节点。在这种情况下,此处的插入件必须以相应的方式形成。
附图标记列表
1 车门
2 支承部
3 框架
3a、3b、3c 框架部件
4 覆盖部件
5 增强元件
6 连接节点
10 金属管
11 渐缩部
12 金属管的区域
20 形状部
40 插入件
41 凹部
50a、50b 注射模制工具
H 底切区域
Claims (5)
1.一种车门(1、1'),所述车门包括至少一个由塑料材料制成的支承部(2)和至少两个框架部件(3a、3b、3c),其中,所述框架部件(3a、3b、3c)通过连接节点(6)彼此连接,其特征在于,所述连接节点(6)能够通过插入模制来制造,其中,由相同的塑料材料制成的所述支承部(2)同时地被连结至所述连接节点(6),其中,
所述连接节点(6)由金属管(10)和插入到所述金属管(10)中并且具有凹部的插入件(40)构成,其中,当插入模制时,所述金属管(10)在朝向所述插入件(40)的方向上塌陷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车门(1、1'),其特征在于,所述插入件(40)具有两个或更多个腿部以用于在每种情况下插入到一个金属管(10)中。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车门(1、1'),其特征在于,所述腿部之间的角度(W)在180°至30°之间。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车门(1、1'),其特征在于,所述连接节点(6)的插入模制部由所述支承部(2)部分地代表。
5.一种用于制造根据权利要求1所述的车门(1、1')的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将所述插入件(40)放入到所述金属管(10)中;以及
将在所述连接节点(6)处带有插入件(40)的构造的框架(3)插入到注射模制工具(50a、50b)中;
插入模制所述连接节点(6),其中,所述金属管(10)在所述金属管(10)的区域(12)中形成为使得所述金属管的形状与所述插入件(40)相适应;
同时地注射模制所述支承部(2)。
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DE102019216518.4A DE102019216518B3 (de) | 2019-10-25 | 2019-10-25 | Fahrzeugtür und deren Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Fahrzeugtür |
DE102019216518.4 | 2019-10-25 |
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EP (1) | EP3812121B1 (zh) |
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US20210122429A1 (en) | 2021-04-29 |
CN112706592B (zh) | 2024-01-02 |
EP3812121B1 (de) | 2022-06-15 |
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