CN112703117A - 具有磨损指示层的橡胶产品 - Google Patents
具有磨损指示层的橡胶产品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112703117A CN112703117A CN201980059328.1A CN201980059328A CN112703117A CN 112703117 A CN112703117 A CN 112703117A CN 201980059328 A CN201980059328 A CN 201980059328A CN 112703117 A CN112703117 A CN 112703117A
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- wear
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Abstract
一种聚合物产品,其具有至少一个经受磨损或磨耗的表面,所述产品的至少一部分包括指示剂物质的微胶囊,其经释放以指示已经达到的磨损状态。所述微胶囊化的指示剂物质可以是香味剂或着色剂。指示部分或区域可以是构成产品主体的橡胶或聚合物材料中的微胶囊的层或薄片。产品中可以存在多于一个指示层或区域。各种区域可以含有不同的香味剂或着色剂,其可以提供磨损状态的渐进指示。
Description
发明背景
1.发明领域
本发明通常涉及在使用中经受磨损的橡胶或聚合物产品,更特别地涉及具有嵌入其中的微胶囊化的香味剂或着色剂的磨损指示层的带、软管、轮胎和轮子。
2.现有技术的描述
许多不同类型的带被用于电力传输和用于从汽车到摩托车以及从复印机到许多工业机器等的诸多应用中。同样,许多轮胎被用于汽车、卡车和许多工业中。在使用和维护带或轮胎中的巨大挑战是能够预测产品的剩余寿命以及产品何时应当更换。虽然随着带和轮胎变得更旧,存在可以确定老化的不同信号,但是直接测量磨损一直是一种容易且简单的实践,虽然它需要量规和厚度规范说明的知识。其他已知的技术都不是这样简单的。
美国专利号5351530利用了用基于导电炭黑的抗静电橡胶组合物浸渍的覆盖帆布,通过测量导电率损失来指示导电橡胶涂覆的织物的磨损状态。这种方法也需要计量表和规范说明。
美国专利公开文献号2017/0002917A1公开了一种用于显示V型楔带的磨损状态的方法,其中利用埋入第二材料之下的第一材料的可目视识别的暴露作为磨损状态的标准,并且检测楔状基物中第二材料的去除。特别地,所述第一材料与第二材料的颜色不同。
美国专利公开文献号2016/0221400A1公开了一种可视的磨损指示特征,其引入到轮胎的胎面花纹中来为消费者提供关于轮胎上剩余的可用胎面的量的渐进递增指示。所述特征包括模制具有渐进增加深度的凹槽或图案。
美国专利号7748521和美国专利号7766157公开了渐进去除具有不同极性的磁性层的磨损检测。
参见美国专利号6653943公开了一种磨损传感器,其传感了代表预定量的鞘磨损的升降机带的特性。所传感的特性可以是与绞线的电接触,从鞘表面到绞线的距离,或是鞘表面的变色。
发明内容
本发明涉及这样的系统和方法,其在不使用传感器、计量表或甚至规范说明的知识的情形下提供橡胶产品中的磨损指示。本发明涉及一种橡胶或聚合物产品,其至少一部分包括指示剂物质的微胶囊,释放该微胶囊以指示已经达到的磨损状态。
所述微胶囊化的指示剂物质可以是香味剂或着色剂。
可以存在多于一个的具有这样的微胶囊的层或区域。各种区域或层可以含有不同的香味剂或着色剂。不同的区域中的不同的香味剂或着色剂可以提供磨损状态的渐进指示。
前述内容已经相当宽地概况了本发明的特征和技术优点,以可以更好地理解随后的本发明的详述。下文将描述本发明另外的特征和优点,其形成了本发明权利要求的主题。本领域技术人员应当理解所公开的构思和具体实施方案可以容易地作为用作改动或设计用于进行本发明同一目的其他结构的基础。本领域技术人员还应当认识到这样的等价构造不脱离在附加的权利要求中阐述的本发明的范围。当结合附图来考虑时,将从下面的描述中更好地理解据信是本发明特性的新特征(涉及本发明的组织和操作方法二者)以及另外的目标和优点。但是,要明确地理解,每个附图仅为了示例和描述的目的而提供,并且并非意图作为对于本发明限度的限定。
附图说明
引入并且形成说明书的一部分的附图(其中相同数字表示相同的零部件)示例了本发明的实施方案并且与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。在附图中:
图1是用于本发明的一种实施方案的微胶囊的横截面视图;
图2是含有用于本发明的一种实施方案的微胶囊的片状材料的部分片段透视视图;
图3是根据本发明一种实施方案的指示层的部分片段截面视图;
图4是根据本发明一种实施方案的五个指示层的部分片段截面视图;
图5是本发明的V形带实施方案的横截面视图;
图6是本发明的轮胎实施方案的横截面视图;
图7是本发明的软管实施方案的横截面视图;
图8是本发明的轮子实施方案的部分片段透视视图;
图9是本发明的多V型楔带实施方案的横截面视图;和
图10是图9的带的A部分的放大视图。
详述
本发明是关于指示带、轮胎或任何其他弹性体产品的磨损状态的简单、实用且精确的方式。因此构建产品以使得经受磨损的产品的一部分包括香味剂或着色剂的微胶囊。当磨损状态达到该部分时,微胶囊变成暴露的并且破裂,释放它们的内容物并且提供磨损状态的指示。该部分在本文中称作“指示区域”或“指示层”。
在一种实施方案中,可以制造弹性体薄片以用于指示层,优选的厚度是几微米到至多1毫米。取决于应用,该片可以制造得比优选的厚度范围更薄或更厚。其中嵌入这种薄弹性体片的胶囊含有少量着色剂或染料、或香味剂或香味物、或二者。所述薄片嵌入到预定深度,作为弹性体产品中的指示层。所述预定深度可以在表面处,在这种情况中,磨损指示将在表面一开始磨损掉就给出。所述预定深度可以是表面下的某些地方,期望将在该处的磨损状态深度指示给产品的用户。一旦磨损达到该指示层,则胶囊由于磨损而断裂,并且释放有色染料、或香气、或二者,和因此警示最终用户是检查或更换磨损的产品如带或轮胎的时候了。
在其他实施方案中,可以使用多个指示区域或层,并且它们可以具有不同的着色剂或气味剂。例如第一指示层可以包括绿色着色剂,或令人愉快的花园花朵的香气,因此指示带或轮胎或其他产品处于良好形状。一旦该第一层磨损掉,则第二指示层可以包括黄色和/或更沉的香气来指示中间磨损状态。最终指示层可以包括红色染料和/或不是非常令人不快的气味,来指示严重的磨损状态或是更换轮胎或带或其他产品的时候了。
可以设想本发明的许多变型。与仅使用一个、两个或三个层相比,使用具有渐进改变的颜色和/或香气的几个相对更薄的指示区域或层对于最终用户而言是更期望的。同样,一个或多个指示层的厚度将决定颜色和香气将持续多久。胶囊可以在一个或多个指示区域的整个厚度中以如下这样的方式布置或定向,使得它们中总有一些处于接触区中并且易于断裂开,持续地保持香气和/或颜色效果。可替代地,通过用非指示区域将指示区域分开,所述指示层可以出现一段时间并且消失,直到进一步的磨损暴露接下来的指示层。
含有所述胶囊的弹性体指示层可以由与带或轮胎或其他产品相同或类似的材料制成,以便与零部件的性能相容或不降低所述性能。所述胶囊是小的,并且它们的浓度和染料含量优选足够小,以不将环境(道路、发动机舱)染色,而是刚好覆盖带或轮胎。所述胶囊的直径或平均直径的尺寸范围可以从几百纳米到几百微米。所述染料和香气的原料是非毒性的、环境友好的,并且不影响零部件的性能。这意味着它们将不影响摩擦系数,除了通过设计之外。例如,如果在某些条件(例如冰雪)下运行的某些轮胎需要更好的摩擦,则所述染料或其任何替代品可以经设计以帮助增加摩擦。这样的指示层可以在轮胎外侧,并且具有期望的厚度,以使得它在投入使用后能够立即起作用。
本发明不需要机械或电子装置,它也不需要任何技术专业知识来定量地确定带或轮胎的磨损。任何外行都可以看到带或轮胎上释放的颜色和/或闻到不同的香气。尤其是对于其中最终用户接近橡胶零部件的应用如骑摩托车中,具有好看颜色和愉快香气可增加产品的吸引力。许多最终用户将欣赏在进入他们的车库时发现好气味或愉快香气。这些美学吸引力还提供技术功能,指示最终用户他们的轮胎、带或其他橡胶产品的磨损百分比和剩余寿命。
可以用于本发明的产品和指示层中的弹性体材料包括所有种类的橡胶弹性体和通常与填料、增塑剂、抗降解剂、固化剂和辅助剂(仅提及几类非限定性配混成分)进行配混的配混物。所述弹性体材料可以是热塑性弹性体。典型地,所述弹性体产品用包括指示层在内的各种材料层构建,然后模制、硫化或固化以获得最终的永久形状,其中指示层在它们的期望位置上。包括指示层在内的各种层可以例如通过将弹性体在开放磨机上制片、挤出或压延,或任何其他合适的过程来生产。一旦制造了层,则它可以经模制、包覆、结合、压缩等到零部件之中或之上和/或可以与零部件一起固化以变成它的完整零部件。在一种优选的实施方案中,呈干粉形式的包封的材料与天然橡胶或合成橡胶(例如EPM、EPDM、CR、SBR、HNBR、BR、ACM、AEM、NBR等)混合,并且构建到传动带、传输带、轮胎、软管或轮子的磨损表面上。可替代地,具有相同或不同的包封材料的多个层可以构建到带、轮胎、软管、轮子或其他产品的磨损表面之上或之下。表1显示了可能的橡胶配方的实例,其中增强填料可以是炭黑或其他白色填料(例如二氧化硅、滑石、粘土等),增塑剂可以是石油或合成酯,固化剂可以是硫固化体系(硫加上促进剂)或过氧化物固化体系(过氧化物加上助剂),或它可以通过其他方法固化,例如辐射固化或紫外光固化。
表1.橡胶配方的实例。
本发明的构思也可以应用于基于不必然是弹性体的其他热塑性或热固性聚合物的产品和指示层。例如它可以应用于经受磨损且需要磨损的指示的塑料齿轮、滑轮或轮子。在这样的情况中,制造方法可能与用于弹性体的不同,但是所形成的具有一个或多个指示区域的结构是类似的。例如,对于热塑性尼龙滑轮或轮子(脚轮)来说,所述指示层可以包覆模制在基体结构上,以代替作为一个零部件硫化。
基于上面的解释,对本领域技术人员来说应当清楚的是对于本发明范围内的不同产品,可以存在各种形状、尺寸和形式。本发明的优点包括:它是测定经受磨损的带、软管、轮胎或任何类似产品的磨损状态的简单且有效的方式;它可以是测定磨损的成本有效的方式;它不需要最终用户具有特定的知识、技术专业知识或关于磨损的规范说明;它不需要测量装置或仪器;除了技术益处之外,它还可以提供美学吸引力。
另外,使用相同的或高的相容性聚合物配制剂的薄层,和包含在惰性壳中的低总水平的染料或香味剂,这意味着不损害制品的完整性。所述水平和相容性可以使得所述制品主体的物理性能和表面物理特性不改变(除了颜色),甚至当指示材料释放时。
本发明可以用于所有的带、轮胎、软管和类似产品中,以用于汽车和非汽车应用。传动带包括平坦带、多V型楔带、所有类型的V形带、齿带等。传输带包括各种基于橡胶或热塑性弹性体(TPE)的传送带。它可以用于所有由聚合物制成的经受磨损的零部件如橡胶轮、聚氨酯轮、塑料滑轮、塑料轮等中。
它还可以用于在应用中不磨损的产品。所述微胶囊可以嵌入可以经受操作如机加工、研磨等的材料的外层中,该操作可以暴露所述胶囊和它们的令人愉快的作用。
用于本文的胶囊可以称作微胶囊。微胶囊化指的是任何利用天然或合成聚合物壳来包封液体小滴、气体或微细固体颗粒的技术。微胶囊化可以用于保护活性成分,减少营养损失,掩蔽或保存风味,控制包封材料的释放,减少药物剂量,将药物递送到特定位置,以及使得包封材料的处置更容易。无碳纸是微胶囊化的早期商业应用。在食品工业中,微胶囊化广泛用于包封调味料、酶、油和脂肪以保护包封的成分免受环境条件如光、氧气和湿气的影响,以增加耐久性、减少挥发性或将液体转移到固体以供干混。在农业中,水溶性肥料由蜡、沥青和聚合物如聚氨酯来包封,这将避免较高的局部肥料浓度和减少施肥数。在药物工业中,微胶囊化用于控制治疗剂的释放和防止给药后用药过量。在化妆品工业中,微胶囊化用于获得除臭剂和香水的缓释。
所述微胶囊中的包封材料也可以称作芯、内相或内容物,并且所述包封基质或壳也可以称作涂层、壁材或膜。所述芯可以为任何形式例如固体的结晶、无定形、乳液、悬浮液,或甚至更小的微胶囊。所述壳可以是单层或多层,并且可以由一类或几类材料组成。
在本发明的实施方案中,许多材料可以用于所述壳,包括树胶、碳水化合物、纤维素、脂质、无机材料和蛋白质。例如,所述壁材可以是PMU(聚氧亚甲基脲)或明胶,或其他聚合电解质或无机材料。壁材的选择取决于芯材的理化性能,制造微胶囊的方法和期望的最终产品的性能。
所述包封的着色剂或染料材料可以是一种或多种无机有色材料如氧化铬绿、钼橙、氧化铁红、钛白等,和/或一种或多种有机有色材料如酞菁绿、苯并咪唑酮橙、喹吖啶酮红、二芳基黄等。
所述包封的香味剂或香气材料可以是一种或多种合成或天然香气化学品,例如邻氨基苯甲酸二甲酯、丁酸乙基-2-甲基酯、邻氨基苯甲酸乙酯、胡椒醛(或洋茉莉醛)、天然茴香酸甲酯、天然乙酸乙酯等。
所述微胶囊的尺寸可以是几百纳米到几千微米,或是0.5微米到1mm。外侧可以看起来光滑或粗糙、球形或不规则。所述微胶囊可以作为自由流动粉末或悬浮在水中来提供,这取决于胶囊和包封的成分的应用和稳定性。
存在许多微胶囊化的方法,包括浸渍或离心、空气悬浮液涂覆或流化床涂覆、喷雾干燥、喷雾冷却、共结晶、脂质体包封、凝聚、乳化/溶剂蒸发或萃取、界面聚合。它们中的大多数是物理技术而没有化学反应。一种包括化学反应的另外方法是界面聚合。方法的选择取决于经济性、芯和壁材的性能、微胶囊尺寸、应用和释放机理。
浸渍或离心技术在高速下将芯材料小滴送过液体壁材的薄膜,其然后硬化。该方法可以产生均匀且相对大的胶囊。在空气悬浮液涂覆或流化床涂覆中,细固体芯材料通过垂直空气流来悬浮,并且利用壁材溶液喷射。在溶剂蒸发后,包封材料的层沉积到芯材上。可以重复该方法来达到期望的膜厚度。用于该技术的芯颗粒的尺寸通常是大的。较小的颗粒倾向于聚集或被排出的空气带走。
喷雾干燥包括将乳液或悬浮液在热气体(通常是空气或偶尔是惰性气体如氮气)流中喷射。聚合物溶解在含有待包封的添加剂的溶剂中。在喷射期间,雾化的小滴随溶剂蒸发而收缩,留下被聚合物包围的添加剂。所形成的微胶囊是实心的并且自由流动。所述芯材料可以从内喷嘴中喷射,和所述包封材料从同心圆喷嘴中喷射。虽然喷雾干燥中的高温对于一些热不稳定的材料是成问题的,但是它由于其低成本而是食品工业中包封调味料的主要方法。
凝聚是基于聚合物相分离的包封技术。将芯材料分散在聚合物溶解在其中的连续相中,和然后所述聚合物通过加入所述聚合物的非溶剂,调节pH、离子强度或温度来引发沉淀,而逐渐沉积到芯材料上。常规使用的沉淀剂或非溶剂包括硅油、植物油和低分子量聚丁二烯。当发生相分离时,首先出现非常细的凝聚物小滴,并且它们倾向于包覆固体分散颗粒。所述小滴聚结,直到出现包围所述固体颗粒的连贯的凝聚物相。最后,所述涂层通过加热、交联或因暴露于过量的另一种非溶剂如己烷、庚烷和二乙醚来除去溶剂而发生凝固。所述微胶囊通过过滤或离心来收集,用溶剂清洗,和然后干燥。凝聚是有效的,并且可以产生宽尺寸范围的微胶囊。
作为本发明的实例,将包封的材料成功混入常规的橡胶配混料中。所述包封的材料可以是着色剂或香味剂。这种橡胶配混料的层可以在带构建过程期间置于所述带的表面之上或之下。在带在传动器上的实际使用期间,微胶囊将断裂并释放包封的染料或香味剂,因此指示带的磨损状态。
附图显示了本发明的各种方面。图1是微胶囊10的横截面视图,其具有包围芯14的壳12。图2是片材20的部分片段透视视图,其含有嵌入聚合物22中的微胶囊24。一个或多个片材20可以用于产生产品之中或之上的一个或多个指示层。图3是片材20的部分片段横截面,其显示了磨损表面26和磨损方向28以及嵌入聚合物基质22上的胶囊24。随着磨损进展,胶囊24将爆裂,将指示物质释放到表面或环境中。图4图示了磨损指示结构21,其具有五个指示层,在每个层中具有不同的着色剂的胶囊。同样,磨损方向通过箭头28指示。因此,该新产品将在一段时间呈现来自层20中的胶囊的蓝色,随后是来自层20'的绿色,随后是来自层20”的黄色,随后是来自层20”'的橙色,和最后是来自层20””的红色。因此,渐进的磨损通过渐进释放的不断增加的“热”颜色来指示,其指示了从安全的磨损量(蓝色和绿色)到警报水平(黄色或橙色),和最后到应当完成更换的水平(红色)的进展。
图5是本发明一种实施方案的V形带30的横截面视图。V形带30包括嵌入弹性体主体34中的拉伸绳索32。磨损表面36覆盖有指示层38,指示层38包括微胶囊化的指示材料如染料或香味剂。
图6是本发明的轮胎实施方案的横截面视图。轮胎40包括胎面材料42和磨损表面46,其覆盖有三个指示层47、48和49。如本文所述,所述三个指示层可以含有不同的香味剂或染料来将渐进恶化的磨损状态指示给最终用户。所述三个指示层可以是邻接的或它们可以通过非指示层分开。
图7是本发明的典型类型的软管实施方案的横截面视图。软管50包括内管52、增强层53和覆盖层54。可以经受磨耗或磨损的外表面56覆盖有指示层58。应当理解,任何期望的软管构造可以利用本发明的一个或多个指示层,无论软管与所图示的相比具有更少或更多的内层或材料。
图8是本发明的轮子实施方案的部分片段透视视图。轮子60显示为实心聚合物轮子,无论热塑性、热塑性弹性体还是热固性橡胶。轮子60包括主体62和外磨损表面66。在该图示中,指示层68嵌入主体的非指示层67下面。当然,本文所述的任何指示层或指示区域布置可以代替地应用于所述轮子。
图9是本发明的多V型楔带的实施方案的横截面视图。V型楔带70包括三个楔,其具有磨损表面76和嵌入带主体74中的拉伸绳索72。磨损表面76覆盖有指示层73、75和77,如图10中以图9的带70的A部分的放大视图所示。同样,任何数目的楔可以处于带中,并且任何数目或布置的指示和/或非指示层可以用于这种实施方案,如本文所示的所有其他实施方案中那样。
图9的带70还具有在所述带背侧上的覆盖套71。这样的覆盖套也能够经受磨损,例如来自背侧惰轮或传动系统中的带张紧轮的磨损。带覆盖套通常包括织物和一种或多种处理剂,以用于粘附、耐磨、摩擦性能或其他原因。所述织物可以是织造的、编织的、非织造的,呈任何期望的样式。所述处理剂通常基于聚合物材料,例如橡胶乳胶配制剂、橡胶溶液、塑料膜等。所述处理剂可以例如通过喷涂、浸渍、层合、辊涂、刀涂等在带成型、模制或固化之前或之后以任何期望的方式施加。在本发明的实施方案中,所述套可以通过将微胶囊化的香味剂或着色剂包括在处理剂中,来制成磨损指示层。换言之,所述处理剂具有聚合物基质和嵌入其中的微胶囊化的指示材料。这样的指示套的其他实例包括齿带上的齿覆盖套,或完全覆盖带式V形带的套。软管制品也可以包括覆盖套,其可以以此方式制造磨损指示。因此具有磨损指示胶囊的覆盖套可以被包括在任何类型的带、软管或其他类似构建的制品的任何期望的磨损表面上。所述具有指示胶囊的处理剂可以施加到织物的仅一侧上,或是外侧或是内侧,这取决于期望的指示作用。两种或更多种不同的指示处理剂可以例如类似于本文的层化实施方案作为层来施加,或施加到织物的两侧上。所述内层可以用于指示套被磨穿,虽然外层可以指示套仍然处于良好状况中。
虽然已经详细描述了本发明及其优点,但是应当理解可以在其中作出各种改变、替代和变化,而不脱离由附加的权利要求所定义的本发明的范围。此外,本申请的范围并非意图限于说明书中所述的过程、机器、制造、物质组成、手段、方法和步骤的具体实施方案。如本领域技术人员将从本发明公开内容容易理解的,起到与本文所述相应实施方案实质上相同的功能或实现实质上相同的结果的目前存在的或以后开发的过程、机器、制造、物质组成、手段、方法或步骤可以根据本发明来使用。因此,附加的权利要求意图在它们的范围中包括这样的过程、机器、制造、物质组成、手段、方法或步骤。本文公开的本发明可以合适地在本文中没有明确公开的任何元件不存下实践。
Claims (15)
1.一种在使用中经受磨损或磨耗的制品,其包含聚合物主体;经受磨损的表面;一个或多个在所述表面处或附近的指示层;其中每个指示层包含其中嵌入微胶囊的聚合物基质,所述微胶囊含有含香味剂或着色剂的指示材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其为传动带或传输带的形式。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制品,其为V形带、多V型楔带、或齿带的形式。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其为轮胎的形式。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其为软管的形式。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其为轮子的形式。
7.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中指示层在所述经受磨损的表面处。
8.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其包含两个或更多个所述指示层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制品,其中所述指示层是邻接的。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制品,其中所述指示层通过非指示层分开。
11.根据权利要求1所述的制品,其中至少一个所述指示层嵌入在磨损表面下方的预定深度处,在该处磨损度将指示所述制品应当进行检查或更换。
12.一种在使用中经受磨损或磨耗的制品,其包含聚合物主体;包含覆盖套的经受磨损的表面;其中所述套包含织物和处理剂;其中所述处理剂包含其中嵌入微胶囊的聚合物基质,所述微胶囊含有含香味剂或着色剂的指示材料。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制品,其为传动带或传输带的形式。
14.根据权利要求13所述的制品,其为V形带、多V型楔带、或齿带的形式。
15.根据权利要求12所述的制品,其为软管的形式。
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PCT/US2019/044313 WO2020028478A1 (en) | 2018-08-02 | 2019-07-31 | Rubber product with wear indicating layers |
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AU2019314391B2 (en) | 2022-12-15 |
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US10994521B2 (en) | 2021-05-04 |
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US20200039196A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
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