CN112701657A - Current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation and control method thereof - Google Patents
Current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation, which is characterized in that: comprises a first bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S2A second bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S1And a through-current switch S3A current conversion branch, a bridge current limiting branch, a first bridge circuit breaking branch and a through-current switch S2A second bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S1Series, through-current switch S3A current conversion branch and a bridge type current limiting branch which are connected in parallel, and a through-current switch S connected in parallel3One end of the current conversion branch and one end of the bridge current limiting branch are connected with the first bridge circuit breaking branch and the through current switch S2Of the connection, a through-current switch S connected in parallel3The other end of the current conversion branch and the other end of the bridge current limiting branch are connected with a second bridge circuit breaking branch and a through-current switch S1The joint of (1). And provides a control method thereof. Reliable action, low cost and capability of processing short circuit of direct current power gridThe fault speed is fast.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of direct current circuit breakers, and particularly relates to a current-limiting type high-voltage direct current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation and an operation and control method thereof.
Background
In recent years, rapid development of Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) based on fully controlled devices typified by Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology has led to the maturation of flexible direct current transmission technology (VSC-HVDC). The method has the advantages of fast decoupling control of power, no commutation failure, low harmonic content and the like. Meanwhile, the direct-current power grid based on the flexible direct-current power transmission technology can effectively improve the transmission capacity and the system power supply reliability, and is an effective means for renewable energy source grid connection and consumption. The direct-current circuit breaker plays a key role in fault protection of the direct-current power grid, and normal operation of a non-fault line is guaranteed when the direct-current power grid has a short-circuit fault.
In the prior art, a direct current circuit breaker for suppressing arcing based on a low-voltage capacitor realizes the transfer of fault current from a through-current switch to a power electronic branch circuit by using the low-voltage capacitor, but the commutation speed is slow. At present, the direct current circuit breaker generally adopts inductance current limiting, and the current limiting effect is limited by the size of the inductance. In the prior art, a capacitor-inductor parallel structure is used for current limiting, but a natural fault current rising process still exists after the direct current breaker starts to work. Meanwhile, the direct current circuit breaker at the present stage lacks voltage bearing and voltage withstand analysis in the fault processing process. Aiming at the problems of the direct current circuit breaker, the invention designs a current-limiting type high-voltage direct current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation and an operation and control method thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing direct current breaker technology and provides a current-limiting type high-voltage direct current breaker based on capacitance commutation, which has reliable action, low cost and high speed of processing the short-circuit fault of a direct current power grid; and provides a control method thereof.
The technical scheme adopted for realizing one of the purposes of the invention is that the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation is characterized in that: it includes first bridge type breaking branch circuit and through-flow switch S2A second bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S1And a through-current switch S3A current conversion branch, a bridge current limiting branch, a first bridge circuit breaking branch and a through current switch S2A second bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S1In series, said through-current switch S3A current conversion branch and a bridge type current limiting branch which are connected in parallel, and a through-current switch S connected in parallel3One end of the current conversion branch and one end of the bridge current limiting branch are connected with the first bridge circuit breaking branch and the through current switch S2Of the connection, a through-current switch S connected in parallel3The other end of the current conversion branch and the other end of the bridge current limiting branch are connected with a second bridge circuit breaking branch and a through-current switch S1The joint of (1).
Further, the first bridge type circuit-breaking branch consists of a bridge diode and an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1And lightning arrester mov1Are connected in parallel.
Further, the second bridge type open circuit branch is composed of a bridge diode and an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2And lightning arrester mov2Are connected in parallel.
Furthermore, the bridge current-limiting branch comprises a bridge diode, a current-limiting inductor L and a thyristor T3Are connected in series.
Further, the commutation branch circuit is composed of a capacitor C and a thyristor T connected in inverse parallel1、T2Are connected in series.
Further, the through-current switch S1、S2、S3Ultra-fast vacuum circuit breakers are used.
Further, the arrester mov1、mov2All adopt the metal oxide arrester.
The second technical scheme adopted for realizing the aim of the invention is that the method for operating the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation is characterized in that: the method comprises two operation modes of normal operation and fault processing operation:
1) and (3) during normal operation: through-flow switch S1、S2、S3In the closed state, the fault current only flows through the through-current switch;
2) when short-circuit fault occurs: through-flow switch S1、S2、S3When the fault current rises to the operating threshold, the through-current switch S is turned off3Simultaneously turn on the thyristor T1、T2、T3When the fault current starts to charge the capacitor C, the through-current switch S is turned off when the capacitor C is charged to a specified voltage1、S2By means of the voltage of the capacitor C and the through-current switch S1And S2The arc voltage realizes the fault current transfer from the through-current switch bridge arm to the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1、IGBT2In a bridge arm, fault current starts to reversely charge a capacitor C, a current limiting inductor L branch starts to be put into use after the voltage of the capacitor C crosses zero, the current limiting inductor L is completely put into use when the voltage of the capacitor C reaches a reverse maximum value, and the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT is turned off after the voltage of the capacitor C reaches the reverse maximum value for a certain delay1And IGBT2Fault current transfer to arrester mov1、mov2And (5) beginning to consume, reducing the fault current to zero, and ending the whole breaking process.
According to the current-limiting high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance current conversion and the control method thereof, the current conversion of fault current is completed by using the capacitance, and the current-limiting high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker can be applied to a high-voltage-level working condition, but the on-state loss is lower than that of a traditional forced current-converting type mixed direct-current circuit breaker applied to the high-voltage-level working condition. Meanwhile, the circuit breaker can realize rapid and reliable arc quenching of the through-flow switch, the parallel connection structure of the inductance and the capacitance also limits the rising of fault current, the peak value of the fault current is reduced, the time for the direct-current circuit breaker to process the fault is shortened, and the energy absorption of a lightning arrester is reduced, so that the overall cost of the direct-current circuit breaker is reduced. The method has the advantages of reliable action, low cost and high speed of processing the short-circuit fault of the direct-current power grid.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a topological structure of a current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent simulation circuit of a single-ended DC system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a main loop current simulation waveform of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is the flow-through switch S of FIG. 21、S2Current simulation oscillogram of (1);
FIG. 5 is the flow-through insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT of FIG. 21And IGBT2Current simulation oscillogram of (1);
FIG. 6 is the flow-through switch S of FIG. 23Current simulation oscillogram of (1);
FIG. 7 is a waveform of a current simulation through the commutating capacitor C of FIG. 2;
FIG. 8 is a waveform of a current simulation of FIG. 2 through the current limiting inductor L;
FIG. 9 is the thyristor T of FIG. 21、T2、T3Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)1And IGBT2The pressure-bearing simulation oscillogram;
FIG. 10 is the through-flow switch S of FIG. 21、S2And S3The pressure-bearing simulation oscillogram.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is made with reference to the accompanying drawings and the specific simulation verification.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the current-limiting type high-voltage direct current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation comprises a first bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S2A second bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S1And a through-current switch S3A current conversion branch, a bridge current limiting branch, a first bridge circuit breaking branch and a through current switch S2A second bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S1In series, said through-current switch S3A current conversion branch and a bridge type current limiting branch which are connected in parallel, and a through-current switch S connected in parallel3One end of the current conversion branch and one end of the bridge current limiting branch are connected with the first bridge circuit breaking branch and the through current switch S2Of a parallel connection of through-current switchesS3The other end of the current conversion branch and the other end of the bridge current limiting branch are connected with a second bridge circuit breaking branch and a through-current switch S1The joint of (1). The first bridge type open circuit branch consists of a bridge diode and an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1And lightning arrester mov1Are connected in parallel. The second bridge type open circuit branch comprises a bridge diode and an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)2And lightning arrester mov2Are connected in parallel. The bridge current-limiting branch is composed of a bridge diode, a current-limiting inductor L and a thyristor T3Are connected in series. The commutation branch circuit is composed of a capacitor C and a thyristor T connected in inverse parallel1、T2Are connected in series. The through-current switch S1、S2、S3Ultra-fast vacuum circuit breakers are used. The lightning arrester mov1、mov2All adopt the metal oxide arrester.
The working process of the control method of the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation comprises the following steps: the method comprises two operation modes of normal operation and fault processing operation:
1) and (3) during normal operation: through-flow switch S1、S2、S3In the closed state, the fault current only flows through the through-current switch;
2) when short-circuit fault occurs: let t0A time fault occurs and flows through the through-current switch S1、S2、S3The current of (a) starts to rise, t1When the fault recognition system detects a fault, the DC breaker starts to work, and when the fault current rises to an action threshold, the through-current switch S is switched off3Simultaneously turn on the thyristor T1、T2、T3The fault current begins to charge the capacitor C when t2When the capacitor C is charged to a specified voltage at a moment, the through-current switch S is switched off1、S2Using capacitor C voltage and through-current switch S1And S2The arc voltage realizes the fault current transfer from the through-current switch bridge arm to the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1、IGBT2Bridge arm, t3The current conversion process is finished at the moment, and the capacitor C starts to discharge; t is t4The capacitor C starts to be charged reversely when the voltage of the time capacitor C is zero-cross, and the thyristor T3The current-limiting inductor L starts to be put into operation due to the conduction caused by the forward voltage; t is t5At the moment, the voltage of the capacitor C reaches the reverse maximum value, and the current-limiting inductor is completely put into use; t is t6Time latching IGBT1And IGBT2When the fault current is transferred to the branch of the lightning arrester to begin to be consumed, t7And the fault current is reduced to zero at the moment, and the whole fault processing process is finished. The breaking process needs to be explained in the following that after the capacitor voltage reaches the reverse maximum value, a period of time is needed to delay and then the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT is turned off1And IGBT2When the voltage of the capacitor C reaches the reverse maximum value, the current-limiting inductor L is completely put in, and when the voltage of the capacitor C reaches the reverse maximum value and is delayed for a certain time, the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1And IGBT2Fault current transfer to arrester mov1、mov2And (5) beginning to consume, reducing the fault current to zero, and ending the whole breaking process.
In the fault processing operation, the current conversion by using the capacitor C is a key link for completing the breaking process, and a through-current switch S is arranged3After disconnection, the fault current charges the capacitor C to UC. From a hybrid switching zero-voltage (ZVS) model, through-current switching S1And S2The arc voltage of the breaking is Uarc；UonIs an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1And IGBT2The turn-on threshold voltage of (d); l isSIs a loop parasitic inductance; ronIs an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1And IGBT2The on-state resistance of (1); i.e. i1For flowing through the through-current switch S1And S2The current of (a); i.e. i2For flow-through insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1And IGBT2The current of (a); i.e. idcIs a direct current system fault current; the commutation process can be represented by equation 1:
wherein the initial condition is1(0)＝idc(t2)；i2(0) 0. Solving the above equation yields:
in the formula: Δ U ═ UC+Uarc-Uon；τ1＝LS/Ron。
To transfer the fault current smoothly from the arms of the through-current switch to the IGBT1And IGBT2The bridge arm needs to have sufficient commutation capability. As can be seen from equation (2), in order to make the fault current completely diverted, it is necessary to ensure that the amount of commutation current is greater than the actual fault current, i.e., (Δ U/R) is satisfiedon)＞idc(t3). Increasing Δ U, decreasing L simultaneouslyS、RonThe speed of commutation can be increased.
As shown in the attached figure 2, the equivalent single-ended circuit of the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation is used for carrying out equivalent simulation on a single commutation station direct-current system in the working process of the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation when the direct-current system is subjected to short-circuit fault treatment. Wherein the converter station is equivalent to a DC voltage source UdcAnd equivalent inductance, system inductance L for equivalent inductance, reactor and line inductance of converter station0Is represented by R0The reference direction of each physical quantity is shown in fig. 2 as the system equivalent resistance at the time of failure. The system parameters and breaker parameters for single-ended simulation are shown in Table 1, wherein the overvoltage-removing delay time is the time when the capacitor C reaches the reverse maximum value and then the IGBT is switched off1And IGBT2Delay time of, lightning arrester mov1、mov2The rated voltage of (2) is the voltage at which the arrester starts to operate.
TABLE 1 simulation model parameters
The main simulation process is illustrated as follows:
t0when the time is 1s, a short-circuit fault occurs, and the fault current rapidly rises.
t1When the time is 1.0011s, the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation starts to work. Through-flow switch S3Breaking and simultaneously conducting thyristor T1、T2And T3. The fault current starts to charge the capacitor C, which is prepared for the subsequent commutation process.
t2The capacitor C was charged to 20kV for 1.00126 s. Breaking the through-current switch S after the capacitor C is charged1And S2And simultaneously turn on the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1And IGBT2The commutation process is started. Because the voltage of the capacitor C and the arc voltage are far larger than that of the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1And IGBT2So that the fault current is quickly transferred from the through-current switch leg to the IGBT1And IGBT2A bridge arm.
t3When the commutation is finished for 1.00127s, the fault current starts to reversely charge the capacitor C, and the capacitor C starts to discharge.
t4When the voltage is 1.0014s, the capacitor C finishes discharging and starts reverse charging. Thyristor T3The inductor L branch is conducted due to the fact that the inductor L branch is conducted when the capacitor C bears forward voltage, and fault current is gradually transferred to the bridge type current-limiting inductor L branch from the capacitor C branch.
t5When 1.00361s, the capacitor C voltage reaches a reverse maximum, and the fault current is completely diverted to the inductor L branch of the bridge current-limiting branch.
t61.00391s time IGBT1And IGBT2Blocking, the fault beginning to transfer to the arrester mov1、mov2Depletion, latch-up Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)1And IGBT2Should be delayed and the capacitor C reaches the reverse maximumTime, in order to avoid transient overvoltages.
t7When 1.00652s, the fault current drops to zero, and the whole fault processing process is finished.
From the above, the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation provided by the invention analyzes the short-circuit fault of the direct-current system by using the control method provided by the invention, the structure provided by the invention can realize the reduction of the fault current after the fault occurs for 3.9ms, and the reduction of the fault current to zero can be realized for about 6.5 ms.
As shown in fig. 3, a simulation waveform diagram of a main current of the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation in a single-ended equivalent system can be obtained from the simulation waveform, a fault current peak value is lower than 3.6kA, and the current-limiting effect of the structure is verified to be good.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation of the invention flows through a through-current switch S in a single-ended equivalent system1、S2And an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)1And IGBT2The simulation waveform of the current can be obtained from the simulation waveform, and the fault current is smoothly transferred from the through-current switch bridge arm to the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT by utilizing the capacitance commutation mode1And IGBT2A bridge arm.
As shown in fig. 6, a simulated waveform diagram of the current flowing through the through-current switch S3 in the single-ended equivalent system of the current-limiting type high-voltage dc circuit breaker based on the capacitance commutation according to the present invention is shown, which can be derived from the simulated waveform diagram to illustrate that the forward charging process of the capacitor is smoothly performed.
As shown in fig. 7, a simulation waveform diagram of the current flowing through the capacitor C in the single-ended equivalent system of the current-limiting type high-voltage dc circuit breaker based on the capacitor commutation according to the present invention is shown, and the capacitor current has two forward and reverse processes, which illustrates that the forward charging, the discharging and the reverse charging are smoothly performed.
Fig. 8 shows a simulation waveform diagram of a current flowing through a current-limiting inductor L in a single-ended equivalent system of the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitive commutation according to the present invention, wherein the current is matched with a main branch current, which indicates that the current-limiting inductor L acts to limit a fault current.
As shown in FIG. 9, the thyristor T of the current-limiting type HVDC breaker based on capacitance commutation in the single-end equivalent system is provided1、T2、T3、IGBT1And IGBT2The bearing simulation oscillogram can be obtained from the simulation wave form, and the thyristor T1、T2、T3The bearing voltage of the IGBT group is in a reasonable range, the bearing pressure of the IGBT group is small, the using amount of all power electronic devices is small, and the structure has good economy.
As shown in FIG. 10, the current-limiting type HVDC breaker based on capacitance commutation is a through-current switch S of a single-end equivalent system1、S2And S3, from which a through-flow switch S can be derived1、S2And the actual withstand voltage of S3 is within the maximum operating voltage of the ultrafast through-flow switch, illustrating the feasibility of the present architecture.
The electronic components used by the current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation are all commercial products.
Although the present invention has been described in connection with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, which are illustrative rather than restrictive, and those skilled in the art can make other forms without departing from the spirit of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A current-limiting type high-voltage direct-current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation is characterized by comprising a first bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S2A second bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S1And a through-current switch S3A current conversion branch, a bridge current limiting branch, a first bridge circuit breaking branch and a through current switch S2A second bridge type breaking branch and a through-current switch S1In series, said through-current switch S3Current conversion branch and bridge type current limitingShunt parallel, parallel through-flow switch S3One end of the current conversion branch and one end of the bridge current limiting branch are connected with the first bridge circuit breaking branch and the through current switch S2Of the connection, a through-current switch S connected in parallel3The other end of the current conversion branch and the other end of the bridge current limiting branch are connected with a second bridge circuit breaking branch and a through-current switch S1The joint of (1).
2. The current-limiting type HVDC breaker based on capacitance commutation according to claim 1, wherein the first bridge breaking branch is composed of a bridge diode, an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT)1And lightning arrester mov1Are connected in parallel.
3. The current-limiting HVDC circuit breaker according to claim 1, wherein the second bridge breaker branch is a bridge diode, an insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2And lightning arrester mov2Are connected in parallel.
4. The current-limiting type HVDC circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation according to claim 1, wherein the bridge current-limiting branch is composed of a bridge diode, a current-limiting inductor L and a thyristor T3Are connected in series.
5. The current-limiting type HVDC breaker based on capacitance commutation according to claim 1, wherein the commutation branch is composed of a capacitor C and a reverse parallel thyristor T1、T2Are connected in series.
6. Current-limiting type HVDC breaker based on capacitive commutation according to claim 1, characterized in that the through-current switch S is a pass-through switch1、S2、S3Ultra-fast vacuum circuit breakers are used.
7. The current-limiting type high-voltage direct current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation according to claim 1, wherein the lightning arrester mov1、mov2All adopt the metal oxide arrester.
8. The current-limiting type high-voltage direct current circuit breaker based on capacitance commutation according to claim 1, wherein the operation method comprises the following steps:
1) and (3) during normal operation: through-flow switch S1、S2、S3In the closed state, the fault current only flows through the through-current switch;
2) when short-circuit fault occurs: through-flow switch S1、S2、S3When the fault current rises to the operating threshold, the through-current switch S is turned off3Simultaneously turn on the thyristor T1、T2、T3When the fault current starts to charge the capacitor C, the through-current switch S is turned off when the capacitor C is charged to a specified voltage1、S2Using capacitor C voltage and through-current switch S1And S2The arc voltage realizes the fault current transfer from the through-current switch bridge arm to the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1、IGBT2In a bridge arm, fault current starts to reversely charge a capacitor C, a current limiting inductor L branch starts to be put into use after the voltage of the capacitor C crosses zero, the current limiting inductor L is completely put into use when the voltage of the capacitor C reaches a reverse maximum value, and the insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT is turned off after the voltage of the capacitor C reaches the reverse maximum value for a certain delay1And IGBT2Fault current transfer to arrester mov1、mov2And (5) beginning to consume, reducing the fault current to zero, and ending the whole breaking process.
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| CN114725910A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-07-08 | 广东电网有限责任公司珠海供电局 | Device and method for suppressing inrush current of port of direct-current transformer |
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