CN112701483A - Ultra-wideband patch antenna adopting coplanar waveguide feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ultra-wideband patch antenna adopting coplanar waveguide feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112701483A CN112701483A CN202011472424.XA CN202011472424A CN112701483A CN 112701483 A CN112701483 A CN 112701483A CN 202011472424 A CN202011472424 A CN 202011472424A CN 112701483 A CN112701483 A CN 112701483A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
- H01Q9/045—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna with particular feeding means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultra-wideband patch antenna adopting coplanar waveguide feed, which comprises a radiation patch, a dielectric substrate and a metal floor, wherein the radiation patch is arranged on the dielectric substrate; the metal floor is arranged on the medium substrate and provided with a resonant cavity; the radiating patch is disposed within the resonant cavity. Compared with horn antennas, Vivaldi antennas and the like in the same working frequency band, the patch antenna has the advantages that the design structure is simple, the processing and the implementation are easy, the size is small, coplanar waveguide feed is adopted, the connection with other active and passive devices is easy, the integration in a microwave circuit is easy, the adopted dielectric materials are easy to obtain, and the practical significance is strong.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antennas in passive devices, in particular to an ultra-wideband patch antenna, and specifically relates to an ultra-wideband patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguides and a preparation method thereof.
Background
With the increasing information quantity carried by the wireless communication system, the number of wireless communication users increases rapidly, the channel capacity of the system is continuously expanded, the transmission rate is continuously improved, and the service mode is increasingly flexible. In this context, the ultra-wideband antenna becomes a key technology for improving the capacity of the wireless communication system and widening the working bandwidth.
The ultra-wideband antenna is generally a non-frequency-variable antenna, can work in different frequency bands according to the requirements of a wireless system, provides feasibility for the system to improve the transmission rate, lays a foundation for a wireless communication system with larger capacity, and has extremely important practical significance.
The bandwidth is an important index for measuring the performance of the antenna, the absolute bandwidth is obtained by subtracting the upper limit and the lower limit of the working frequency of the antenna, and the relative bandwidth is obtained by dividing the absolute bandwidth by the working center frequency of the antenna. According to the standards set out by the federal communications commission FCC, an ultra-wideband antenna is defined as: any antenna with an operating bandwidth (absolute bandwidth) in excess of 500MHz or an antenna with a relative bandwidth in excess of 20% is an ultra-wideband antenna. Common implementations of ultra-wideband antennas include: horn antennas, helical antennas, printed dipole antennas, Vivaldi antennas, and the like.
The problems faced in designing ultra-wideband antennas at present mainly include the following:
1. the working bandwidth is as follows:
the ultra-wideband antenna has an extremely wide operating bandwidth, and therefore, the ultra-wideband characteristic cannot be realized by a single antenna radiation structure. Various bandwidth expanding technologies such as parasitic element addition, multi-branch structure and the like are generally required to be applied during design, so that the design difficulty is increased.
2. Antenna size:
the miniaturization of the ultra-wideband antenna is a hot problem in recent research, and the structural size of the ultra-wideband antenna is large, and the size of the antenna is also enlarged due to the fact that branches and the like which are added subsequently and used for expanding the bandwidth are added, so that the application of the ultra-wideband antenna in various wireless communication systems is limited. Therefore, how to reduce the size of the ultra-wideband antenna on the premise of not affecting the performance of the antenna needs to be considered in an important way when designing the ultra-wideband antenna.
3. Radiation characteristics:
the shape of a directional diagram of the ultra-wideband antenna needs to be considered when designing the ultra-wideband antenna, and because the ultra-wideband antenna has extremely wide working frequency, structures which are excited to generate radiation at different resonant frequencies may be different, the directional diagram of the ultra-wideband antenna is often distorted due to the change of frequency, and how to reduce the influence of distortion on the antenna is also a problem to be considered when designing.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an ultra-wideband patch antenna adopting coplanar waveguide feed, which aims to overcome the defects of the prior art that the ultra-wideband antenna has small size and low distortion.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguide is composed of a radiation patch, a dielectric substrate and a metal floor. The patch antenna is one of the most common antenna forms, and has the characteristics of small size, light weight, low profile, low processing cost, batch production, high reliability and good compatibility. The ultra-wideband patch antenna takes a single patch as a radiating element, and improves the working bandwidth by designing the shape of the patch and a metal floor. For the coplanar waveguide feed patch antenna, the radiation patch and the metal floor are positioned on the same side of the dielectric substrate, and the feed is carried out through the coplanar waveguide structure positioned in the center of the metal floor, and the structure has the following advantages:
1. the metal floor is effectively utilized, the metal floor can be used as the floor of a coplanar waveguide structure and also can be used as a part of antenna radiation, and the antenna performance can be improved by changing the shape of the metal floor.
2. The loss of the coplanar waveguide is small, which is beneficial to improving the efficiency of the antenna.
3. The radiation patch and the metal floor in the coplanar waveguide structure are positioned on the same side of the dielectric substrate and are easy to integrate with other microwave circuits.
Based on the advantages, the coplanar waveguide feed patch antenna is selected as the ultra-wideband antenna, and the operations of expanding the bandwidth, optimizing the antenna structure and the like are facilitated. After the feed form is determined, an easily obtained dielectric material is selected as a dielectric substrate, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is properly increased, the purpose of expanding the bandwidth is achieved, and the next step of design is carried out on a dielectric surface conductor layer, wherein the design mainly comprises the design of a metal floor and a main radiation patch part.
In consideration of the ultra-wideband characteristic of the designed antenna, and the antenna adopts a coplanar waveguide feed structure, therefore, the metal floor not only needs to meet the function of a reference floor, but also needs to participate in antenna radiation, and needs to add appropriate details to the structure of the metal floor, thereby ensuring the expansion of the working bandwidth of the antenna. The metal floor adopts a slotted resonant cavity mode to increase the working bandwidth of the antenna, and the number of resonant points is increased by adopting a step gradual change structure in consideration that an electromagnetic field in the resonant cavity can vibrate under a series of frequencies and the resonant frequency is influenced by the size of the resonant cavity, so that the bandwidth of the antenna can be effectively expanded.
The patch part is used as a main radiation part of the ultra-wideband antenna and needs to bear a large-range working bandwidth, so that a rectangular patch with a relatively simple structure is adopted, the trend of the surface current of the conductor is changed by cutting the corner of the patch, and the path of the surface current of the conductor is prolonged, so that the purpose of expanding the bandwidth is achieved, and an auxiliary radiation branch is added on one side of the patch to enable the patch to resonate at a high-frequency position. Different resonance points are supported and connected with each other by adjusting the size of the patch antenna, the size of the corner cut and the size and shape of the radiation branch, so that the design index of the whole antenna ultra-wideband is completed. Meanwhile, the problem of directional diagram distortion of the ultra-wideband antenna is considered, in order to not affect the broadband characteristics of the antenna, the shape of the directional diagram is improved by opening holes in the radiation patch to enable the patch to form an annular structure, and finally the omni-directionality of the directional diagram is kept as much as possible in the working frequency band by adjusting the shape and the size of the opening holes, so that the distortion of the directional diagram is reduced.
The invention adopts the coplanar waveguide feed patch antenna structure to realize ultra wide bandwidth in the frequency band from 2GHz to 20GHz, compared with horn antennas, Vivaldi antennas and the like in the same working frequency band, the design structure is simple and easy to process and realize, the size is small, the coplanar waveguide feed is adopted, the antenna is easy to be connected with other active and passive devices and is easy to integrate in a microwave circuit, the adopted dielectric materials are all easy to obtain, and the antenna has stronger practical significance, and compared with the prior art, the antenna has the following advantages:
firstly, the invention adopts a patch antenna and coplanar waveguide feed structure, reduces the size of the antenna, reduces the section, ensures that the antenna is easier to integrate in a microwave circuit, is easy to process and manufacture, adopts a medium material which is easy to obtain, reduces the manufacturing cost and has practical significance.
And secondly, the working bandwidth of the antenna is improved by methods such as slotting resonant cavities, chip corner cutting, radiation branch increasing and the like of the metal floor, and the antenna is simple and ingenious in design and good in effect.
And thirdly, the distortion of an antenna directional diagram is further reduced by a radiation patch opening method on the premise of not greatly influencing the working bandwidth of the antenna, and the omni-directionality of the antenna is maintained to a greater extent.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of return loss of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna standing-wave ratio according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 shows the main radiation pattern of the antenna at each frequency point in the embodiment.
Detailed Description
The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, and it will be understood that they are described herein for the purpose of illustration and explanation and not limitation.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the ultra-wideband patch antenna using coplanar waveguide feed includes a radiation patch 1, a dielectric substrate 3 and a metal floor 2; the metal floor 2 is arranged on the medium substrate 1, and the metal floor 2 is provided with a resonant cavity; the radiating patch 1 is arranged within the resonant cavity. The resonant cavity adopts a four-step gradual change structure to increase the number of resonance points. The metal floor adopts a four-level rectangular stepped gradient structure, and forms a coplanar waveguide structure with the feeder part (the feeder part refers to a microstrip line, and the metal floor and the microstrip line jointly form the coplanar waveguide structure). The rectangular metal base plate patch is subjected to corner cutting treatment, and a trapezoidal radiation branch is added on the front side of the rectangle to expand the bandwidth. The auxiliary radiation branch is provided with an auxiliary radiation branch. The radiating patch is provided with an octagonal hole.
In this example, a surface copper-clad dielectric plate of FR-4 dielectric material having a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a loss tangent of 0.025, which is 42.03mm by 53.58mm by 1.88mm, was used to construct a radiation patch and a metal floor by etching, wherein the direction along the short side of 42.03mm is the front-rear direction of the antenna, and the direction along the long side of 53.58mm is the left-right direction of the antenna. It can be seen that the antenna of the embodiment has smaller size and is easy to integrate, the adopted materials are easy to obtain, the weight is lighter, the manufacturing cost of the antenna is reduced, and the antenna has better practicability.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the resonance performance of the antenna of this example includes that the reflection coefficient S11 is lower than-10 dB in the operating frequency band 2-20GHz, and the standing wave ratio VSWR is lower than 2, which illustrates that the stub structure of the antenna of this example increases the resonance point, and the coplanar waveguide structure widens the operating frequency band, so that the antenna finally resonates in the full operating frequency band, that is, the reflection of the fed energy is small, and most of the energy is radiated by the antenna, thereby ensuring that the antenna can obtain stable and good radiation performance.
As shown in fig. 4, the radiation performance of the antenna of this example, including the normalized directional diagram of each frequency point in the operating frequency band, can show that the directional diagram of the antenna of this example exhibits better omni-directionality in the operating frequency band, the directional diagram is stable and has no obvious distortion in the 2-15GHz frequency band, and has obvious distortion only in the 20GHz frequency point, which shows that the antenna of this example reduces the fission influence of frequency rise on the directional diagram, and can maintain the characteristic of omni-directional radiation in a wider frequency band, so that the antenna is suitable for more application scenarios, and the antenna applicability is improved.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
s1, etching a slotted resonant cavity outline of the metal floor on an FR-4 dielectric plate with the top copper-clad and the thickness of 1.88mm, wherein the size of a first-stage stepped structure resonant cavity is 3mm x 5mm, the size of a second-stage stepped structure resonant cavity is 21.91mm x 41.07mm, the size of a third-stage stepped structure resonant cavity is 5mm x 31.07mm, the size of a fourth-stage stepped structure resonant cavity is 2.1mm x 4.9mm, and the distance between outer conductors of the coplanar waveguide feed part is 4.73 mm.
And S2, etching the shape of the metal patch in the resonant cavity, wherein the size of a rectangular feeder is 11.6mm x 2.45mm, the position of the feeder close to the patch adopts a trapezoidal gradient structure, the length of the feeder is 2mm, the size of the position of the feeder reaching the patch is 2.22mm, the size of the rectangular patch is 11.64mm x 10.89mm, the size of a forward corner cut is 3.16mm x 4.25mm, the size of a backward corner cut is 3.32mm x 2.56mm, the length of a trapezoidal branch is 3.95mm, and the upper bottom and the lower bottom are 0.41mm and 0.87mm respectively.
S3, opening the inside of the patch, cutting out a rectangle of 9.64mm by 8.89mm with a forward corner cut of 3.16mm by 3.16mm and a backward corner cut of 3.32mm by 2.56mm to form an octagon.
And S4, welding the SMA coaxial connector at the position of the coplanar waveguide.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An ultra-wideband patch antenna adopting coplanar waveguide feed is characterized by comprising a radiation patch, a dielectric substrate and a metal floor; the metal floor is arranged on the medium substrate and provided with a resonant cavity; the radiating patch is disposed within the resonant cavity.
2. The ultra-wideband patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cavity is stepped to increase the number of resonance points.
3. The ultra-wideband patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the resonant cavity has a four-level rectangular step-and-transition structure.
4. The ultra-wideband patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metal floor is chamfered by rectangular patch, and trapezoidal radiation branches are added on the front side of the rectangle to expand the bandwidth.
5. The ultra-wideband patch antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 4, wherein the auxiliary radiating stub is provided thereon.
6. The ultra-wideband patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguides as claimed in claim 1 or 5 wherein the radiating patch is perforated.
7. The ultra-wideband patch antenna using coplanar waveguide feed as claimed in claim 6, wherein the radiating patch is provided with an octagonal aperture.
8. The method for manufacturing an ultra-wideband patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguide as claimed in claim 1, wherein the radiating patch and the metal floor are constructed by etching using a suitable dielectric substrate.
9. The method for manufacturing an ultra-wideband patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguides as claimed in claim 8, comprising the following steps:
s1, etching the contour of the slotted resonant cavity of the metal floor on the dielectric plate with copper coated on the top,
s2, etching the shape of the corner-cut radiation patch in the resonant cavity; the metal floor adopts a trapezoidal gradual change structure at the position close to the radiation patch,
s3, opening a hole in the radiation patch;
and S4, welding the SMA coaxial connector at the position of the coplanar waveguide.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011472424.XA CN112701483A (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Ultra-wideband patch antenna adopting coplanar waveguide feed and preparation method thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011472424.XA CN112701483A (en) | 2020-12-14 | 2020-12-14 | Ultra-wideband patch antenna adopting coplanar waveguide feed and preparation method thereof |
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| CN112701483A true CN112701483A (en) | 2021-04-23 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113540801A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Large-frequency-ratio dual-frequency antenna based on dual-mode transmission line design |
-
2020
- 2020-12-14 CN CN202011472424.XA patent/CN112701483A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113540801A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-10-22 | 西安电子科技大学 | Large-frequency-ratio dual-frequency antenna based on dual-mode transmission line design |
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Application publication date: 20210423 |
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