CN112701316A - Fuel cell device and fuel cell control system and method - Google Patents
Fuel cell device and fuel cell control system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112701316A CN112701316A CN201911013307.4A CN201911013307A CN112701316A CN 112701316 A CN112701316 A CN 112701316A CN 201911013307 A CN201911013307 A CN 201911013307A CN 112701316 A CN112701316 A CN 112701316A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell device and a fuel cell control system and method, wherein the fuel cell control system comprises: an air supply unit including the fuel cell device; a fuel cell stack in communication with the air supply unit; a cooling circulation module in communication with the air supply unit and the fuel cell stack, respectively; and the controller is in signal connection with the air supply unit, the fuel cell stack and the cooling circulation module respectively, so that cold start of the fuel cell is facilitated, and recycling of fuel cell devices is facilitated through heat management.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and particularly relates to a fuel cell device, a fuel cell control system and a fuel cell control method.
Background
Currently, large-scale commercialization of fuel cell vehicles, which is one of solutions for motorization of vehicles, has problems of high cost, short life, weak hydrogen infrastructure, and the like. Among them, the cold start problem of fuel cell is one of the key technical bottlenecks that hinder the commercialization of fuel cell, and is the biggest challenge in the winter operation of fuel cell vehicles.
When the fuel cell is cold started in a low-temperature environment lower than 0 ℃ without taking any protective measures, water generated by the reaction can be frozen in the catalytic layer firstly, so that the reactive active sites of the catalytic layer are covered, the oxygen transmission is blocked, and the voltage drops suddenly; when the catalytic layer is completely covered with ice and the temperature of the stack has not risen above 0 ℃, ice may form in the diffusion layer and the flow channels, resulting in a failed cold start. On the other hand, the icing process of the catalyst layer can cause gaps between the catalyst layer and the proton exchange membrane, and meanwhile, the icing/melting cycle can cause the collapse and densification of the microporous structure of the catalyst layer and the coarsening of platinum particles in the catalyst layer, so that the electrochemical active surface area is reduced and difficult to recover, thereby causing permanent damage to the power generation performance of the fuel cell, and the damage to the cell is larger when the cold start temperature is lower as the cycle times are larger.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a fuel cell device, a fuel cell control system and a fuel cell control method, which solve the problem that the existing fuel cell is inconvenient for cold start.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that,
the utility model provides a fuel cell device, includes heat storage pipe and heat exchange pipe, the heat storage pipe with heat exchange pipe phase-match, the heat storage pipe includes air input port and air outlet, heat exchange pipe includes coolant liquid input port and coolant liquid outlet, just be equipped with the heat-retaining granule in the heat storage pipe, the heat-retaining granule can adsorb moisture and generate heat.
Optionally, the heat storage particles include at least one material selected from silica gel, activated carbon, activated alumina, metal organic frameworks, and zeolites.
Optionally, the fuel cell device further includes a fin, and two ends of the fin are respectively connected to the heat storage pipe and the heat exchange pipe.
Optionally, a filter screen is respectively arranged at the position where the air input port and the air output port of the heat storage pipe are matched.
Optionally, the flow direction from the air input port to the air output port is opposite to the flow direction from the cooling liquid input port to the cooling liquid output port.
A fuel cell control system comprising: an air supply unit including the fuel cell device; a fuel cell stack in communication with the air supply unit; a coolant circulation module in communication with the air supply unit and the fuel cell stack, respectively; and the controller is in signal connection with the air supply unit, the fuel cell stack and the cooling liquid circulating module respectively.
Optionally, the air supply module includes a compressor for pressurizing the air and a humidifier for humidifying the air, and the compressor and the humidifier are respectively communicated with the fuel cell device.
Optionally, the air supply module further includes an air ejector for guiding air to flow, the air ejector includes a high-pressure input port, a low-pressure input port and an output port, the high-pressure input port of the air ejector is communicated with the air input port of the air supply unit, the low-pressure input port of the air ejector is communicated with the air output port of the fuel cell device, and the output port of the air ejector is communicated with the air input port of the fuel cell stack.
Optionally, the cooling liquid circulation module includes a cooling liquid circulation pump and a radiator, and the cooling liquid circulation pump is communicated with the radiator.
Optionally, the fuel cell control system further includes a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, a fourth valve and a fifth valve, the first valve is respectively communicated with an input port of an air supply unit, an air input port of a fuel cell device and an air input port of a fuel cell stack, the second valve is respectively communicated with an input port of the air supply unit, a high-pressure input port of the air ejector and an air input port of the fuel cell stack, the third valve is respectively communicated with an air output port of the fuel cell device, a low-pressure input port of the air ejector and an air input port of the fuel cell stack, the fourth valve is respectively communicated with a coolant input port of the fuel cell device, a coolant output port of the fuel cell stack and a coolant input port of the radiator, and the fifth valve is respectively communicated with a cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell device, a cooling liquid inlet of the radiator and an inlet of the cooling liquid circulating pump.
Optionally, the fuel cell control system further comprises a first temperature sensor for detecting an internal temperature of the fuel cell device, a second temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of an output port of the fuel cell device, a third temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of a coolant input port of the fuel cell stack, and a fourth temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of a coolant output port of the fuel cell stack.
A fuel cell control method comprising: detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T is1＞TFWhen the air is humidified, the air is input into the heat storage pipe; the heat storage pipe preheats air in the heat storage pipe and the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe; respectively inputting the preheated air and the cooling liquid into the fuel cell stack and heating the fuel cell stack to complete the starting of the fuel cell stack, wherein TFIs the operating temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack1Is the start-up temperature of the fuel cell stack.
Optionally, the fuel cell control method further includes providing a compressor for pressurizing the gas and a humidifier for humidifying the air, where the air is pressurized and heated by the compressor and then input to the humidifier for humidification.
A fuel cell control method comprising: detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T is1≤TF＜T2When the current is over; humidifying air and inputting the air to an air input port of the fuel cell stack, and starting the fuel cell stack; the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack form a cooling circulation loop of cooling liquid to complete the starting of the fuel cell stack, wherein TFIs the operating temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack1Is the starting temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack2Is the rated temperature of the fuel cell stack.
Optionally, the fuel cell control method further includes: detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T isF≥T2And radiating the heat of the cooling circulation loop.
Optionally T is less than or equal to-4 DEG C1≤0℃，75℃≤T2≤80℃。
A fuel cell control method comprising: after the fuel cell stack is started, judging whether a fuel cell device needs heat exchange; when the fuel cell device needs heat exchange, air is input to an air input port of the fuel cell stack after being humidified, and the fuel cell stack works and heats cooling liquid; and the cooling liquid is input into the fuel cell device through a cooling liquid output port of the fuel cell stack, and the cooling liquid heats the heat storage particles in the heat storage pipe to complete the heat exchange of the fuel cell device.
Alternatively, T of the fuel cell device is detectediAnd T0，TiIs the internal temperature, T, of the fuel cell device0Is the temperature of the cooling outlet of the fuel cell device, when Ti＞T0When the cooling liquid heats the heat storage particles in the heat storage tube, when T isi＝T0In time, heat exchange of the fuel cell device is completed.
Optionally, an air ejector is provided, the air ejector includes high pressure input port, low pressure input port and delivery outlet, produces moisture when the coolant liquid heats the heat-retaining granule in the heat-retaining pipe, the heat-retaining pipe with the low pressure input port intercommunication of air ejector, the air is imported after the humidification to the high pressure input port of air ejector, the delivery outlet of air ejector communicates with the air input port of fuel cell pile.
Optionally, the step of determining whether the fuel cell device needs heat exchange includes: when the fuel cell stack is started, TF＜T1And T is the time after the fuel cell stack is startedF≥T2The fuel cell device requires heat exchange.
A fuel cell control method comprising: detecting T of fuel cell stackF(ii) a When T isF＜T1When the fuel cell is started, the fuel cell control system works in a cold start mode; when T is1≤TF≤T2When the fuel cell system works, the fuel cell control system works in a small cooling liquid circulation mode; when T isF＞T2The fuel cell control system then operates in a normal thermal management mode, wherein TFIs the operating temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack1Is the start-up temperature of the fuel cell stack.
Optionally, the method further includes: and judging whether the fuel cell device needs heat exchange, and when the fuel cell device needs heat exchange, carrying out desorption regeneration mode operation by the fuel cell control system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention is convenient for cold start of the fuel cell and is convenient for realizing the reutilization of the fuel cell device through heat management when in use.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a fuel cell device provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a fuel cell device provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell control system provided in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the operating state of the fuel cell control method provided in embodiment 3 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of an operating state of the fuel cell control method according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of another operating state of the fuel cell control method provided in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of an operating state of a fuel cell control method provided in embodiment 5 of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a fuel cell control method according to embodiment 6 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, embodiment 1 provides a fuel cell device, including a heat storage tube 2504 and a heat exchange tube 2503, the heat storage tube 2504 is matched with the heat exchange tube 2503, the heat storage tube 2504 includes an air input port 2508 and an air output port 2509, the heat exchange tube 2503 includes a coolant input port 2510 and a coolant output port 2511, and heat storage particles 2505 are disposed in the heat storage tube 2504, the heat storage particles 2505 can absorb moisture and generate heat, in the implementation process, the fuel cell device can be designed as a sleeve type, the heat exchange tube 2503 further includes an outer shell 2501 and a heat insulation layer 2502 for heat insulation, air can flow through the heat storage tube 2504, and then the heat storage particles 2505 absorb moisture in the air and generate heat, and the heat exchange tube 2503 can flow coolant, when the fuel cell needs to be cold-started, the heat storage particles 2505 generate heat to heat the air and the coolant, and then the heated air and the coolant preheat the fuel cell stack, the cold start is completed, when the fuel cell device needs to be recycled, the fuel cell stack heats the cooling liquid by using the waste heat generated by the work, then the cooling liquid flows into the heat exchange tube 2503, and heats the heat storage particles in the heat storage tube 2504, the heat storage particles are heated, the moisture is evaporated, and then the recycling of the heat storage particles is completed.
The heat storage particles can be one or more of particles formed by porous adsorptive solid materials with abundant micropores, mesopores and macropores, such as silica gel, activated carbon, activated alumina, Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs), natural zeolite, artificial zeolite molecular sieves and the like. In the implementation process, the artificial zeolite molecular sieve can be 3A, 4A, 5A, 13X spherical, 13X strip-shaped and other artificial zeolite molecular sieves and zeolite molecular sieve/CaCl2Zeolite molecular sieves/MgCl2Zeolite molecular sieves/MgSO4And the zeolite and hydrated salt composite adsorbing material.
Referring to fig. 2, in order to support the heat exchanging tube 2503 and facilitate heat conduction, the fuel cell device further includes a fin 2507, and two ends of the fin 2507 are respectively connected to the heat storage tube 2504 and the heat exchanging tube 2503.
In order to prevent the heat storage particles 2505 from flowing out of the heat storage pipe 2504, a filter screen 2506 is respectively arranged at the matching position of the air input port 2508 and the air output port 2509 of the heat storage pipe.
In order to improve the heat exchange efficiency, that is, the heat storage particles heat the coolant to complete the cold start of the fuel cell during the cold start of the fuel cell, or the coolant heats the heat storage particles during the heat storage particles heat the discharged water, the flow direction from the air input port 2508 to the air output port 2509 is opposite to the flow direction from the coolant input port 2510 to the coolant output port 2511, and in order to detect the temperature inside the heat storage pipe 2504 and the temperature at the air output port 2509, a first temperature sensor 28 and a second temperature sensor 29 may be respectively provided.
Referring to fig. 3, embodiment 2 provides a fuel cell control method, an air supply unit 2, the air supply unit 2 including the fuel cell device 25; a fuel cell stack 1, the fuel cell stack 1 communicating with the air supply unit 2; a coolant circulation module 3, the coolant circulation module 3 being in communication with the air supply unit 2 and the fuel cell stack 1, respectively; and a controller 4, wherein the controller 4 is in signal connection with the air supply unit 2, the fuel cell stack 1 and the cooling circulation module 3 respectively.
The air supply unit 2 further includes an air compressor 21, a humidifier 22, a fuel cell device 25, a compressed air ejector 27, a first valve 23, a second valve 24, a third valve 26, a first temperature sensor 28, and a second temperature sensor 29; an air output port of the air compressor 21 is connected to an air input port of the humidifier 22, an air output port of the humidifier 22 is connected to an air input port of the fuel cell device 25 through the first valve 23, and the other port of the air output port of the fuel cell device 25 is connected to an input port of the second valve 24, an output port of the second valve 24 is connected to an air input port of the fuel cell stack 1, the other output port of the second valve 24 is connected to a compressed air input port of the compressed air injector 27, an air output port of the fuel cell device 25 is connected to an air input port of the fuel cell stack 1 through the third valve 26, and the other port of the air output port of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to a low-voltage input port of the compressed air injector 27, and an output port of the compressed air injector 27 is connected to an air input port of the;
the cooling circulation module 3 comprises a cooling liquid circulation pump 31, a radiator 32, a fourth valve 33, a fifth valve 34, a third temperature sensor 35 and a fourth temperature sensor 36; coolant liquid delivery outlet of coolant liquid circulating pump 31 connect in the coolant liquid input port of fuel cell pile 1, the coolant liquid delivery outlet of fuel cell pile 1 via connect all the way in behind fourth valve 33 in another way of input of fifth valve 34 connect in the coolant liquid input port of fuel cell device 25, the coolant liquid delivery outlet of fuel cell device 25 connect in the input of fifth valve 34, an output of fifth valve 34 connect in the coolant liquid input port of radiator 32, another output of fifth valve 34 with the coolant liquid output port of radiator 32 connect in jointly in the inlet of coolant liquid circulating pump 31.
The fuel cell device 25 is used for preheating the fuel cell stack 1 by adsorption heat released by the adsorbent adsorption adsorbate during cold start of the vehicle fuel cell to help the fuel cell stack to realize the cold start quickly.
As shown in fig. 1, the first temperature sensor 28 is provided inside the fuel cell device 25 for monitoring the temperature inside the fuel cell device 25, and the second temperature sensor 29 is provided at the air outlet of the fuel cell device 25 for monitoring the temperature of the air outlet of the fuel cell device 25.
As shown in fig. 3, the third temperature sensor 35 is provided on the line between the coolant outlet of the coolant circulation pump 31 and the coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1, and the fourth temperature sensor 36 is provided on the line between the coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 and the inlet of the fourth valve 33, and determines the temperature inside the fuel cell by using the temperatures detected by both.
The controller 4 is configured to receive temperature signals at the inside and the air outlet of the fuel cell device 25 in the air supply unit 2 and at the coolant inlet and outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 in the cooling cycle module 3, send a switch instruction to the air compressor 21 in the air supply unit 2 and the coolant circulation pump 31 and the radiator 32 in the cooling cycle module 3, and regulate and control the rotation speed of the air compressor 21 motor, the water pump motor 31 and the radiator 32 fan motor by a PWM control mechanism, and send a switch instruction and an instruction of an opening direction to the first valve 23, the second valve 24 and the third valve 26 in the air supply unit 2 and the fourth valve 33 and the fifth valve 34 in the cooling cycle module 3.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 3, the air output port of the air compressor 21 is connected to the air input port of the humidifier 22 through a pipeline, the air output port of the humidifier 22 is connected to the air inlet port of the first valve 23 through a pipeline, the first air outlet port of the first valve 23 is connected to the air inlet port of the second valve 24 through a pipeline, the second air outlet port of the first valve 23 is connected to the air input port of the fuel cell device 25 through a pipeline, the first air outlet port of the second valve 24 is connected to the air input port of the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, the second air outlet port of the second valve 24 is connected to the compressed air input port of the compressed air injector 27 through a pipeline, the air output port of the fuel cell device 25 is connected to the air input port of the third valve 26 through a pipeline, the first air outlet port of the third valve 26 is connected to the air input port of the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, a second air outlet of the third valve 26 is connected with an air suction port of the compressed air ejector 27 through a pipeline, and an air outlet of the compressed air ejector 27 is connected with an air inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, so that an air supply passage of the fuel cell stack 1 is formed;
a coolant outlet of the coolant circulating pump 31 is connected to a coolant inlet of the fuel cell stack 1 through a pipeline, a coolant outlet of the fuel cell stack 1 is connected to a liquid inlet of the fourth valve 33 through a pipeline, a first coolant outlet of the fourth valve 33 is connected to a liquid inlet of the fifth valve 34 through a pipeline, a second coolant outlet of the fourth valve 33 is connected to a coolant inlet 2510 of the fuel cell device 25 through a pipeline, a coolant outlet 2511 of the fuel cell device 25 is connected to a liquid inlet of the fifth valve 34 through a pipeline, a first coolant outlet of the fifth valve 34 is connected to a coolant inlet of the radiator 32 through a pipeline, a second coolant outlet of the fifth valve 34 and a coolant outlet of the radiator 32 are connected to a liquid inlet of the coolant pump 31 through pipelines, thereby forming a coolant circulation passage of the fuel cell stack 1.
Wherein, the first valve to the fifth valve can be three-position three-way electromagnetic valves; and an expansion water tank for constant-pressure liquid supplement is also arranged on a liquid inlet and outlet pipeline of the cooling liquid circulating pump 31.
In operation, as shown in fig. 3, the controller 4 is connected to the first temperature sensor 28 and the second temperature sensor 29 in the air supply unit 2 and the third temperature sensor 35 and the fourth temperature sensor 36 in the cooling circulation module 3 through low-voltage signal lines, respectively, and receives temperature signals of the temperature sensors; the air conditioner is respectively connected with a first valve 23, a second valve 24 and a third valve 26 in the air supply unit 2 and a fourth valve 33 and a fifth valve 34 in the cooling circulation module 3 through low-voltage switch control lines, and sends commands of switching and opening directions to the valves; the low-voltage switch control line is respectively connected with the air compressor 21 in the air supply unit 2 and the cooling liquid circulating pump 31 and the radiator 32 in the cooling circulating module 3, and sends switch instructions to the low-voltage switch control line and sends pulse width modulation signals to the air compressor 21, the cooling liquid circulating pump 31 and the radiator 32 through a PWM control mechanism so as to regulate and control the rotating speeds of the air compressor motor, the water pump motor and the radiator fan motor.
The fuel cell thermal management system based on solid adsorption heat storage works in a cold start mode, a small cooling liquid circulation mode, a normal thermal management mode and a desorption regeneration mode:
referring to fig. 4, embodiment 3 provides a fuel cell control method, including:
detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T is1＞TFWhen the air is humidified, the air is input into the heat storage pipe;
the heat storage pipe preheats air in the heat storage pipe and the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe;
respectively inputting the preheated air and the cooling liquid into the fuel cell stack and heating the fuel cell stack to complete the starting of the fuel cell stack, wherein TFIs the operating temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack1Is the start-up temperature of the fuel cell stack.
The implementation process also comprises the following steps: the fuel cell control method also comprises the step of providing a compressor for pressurizing gas and a humidifier for humidifying air, wherein the air is pressurized and heated after passing through the compressor and is input to the humidifier for humidifying.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the controller 4 opens the air compressor 21 and the second valve of the first valve 23 and the first valve of the third valve 26 in the air supply unit 2 and closes the second valve 24 respectively so that the air delivery paths are: the air compressor 21 → the humidifier 22 → the first valve 23 → the fuel cell device 25 → the second temperature sensor 29 → the third valve 26 → the fuel cell stack 1, and the circulation path of the coolant is made by opening the coolant circulation pump 31 in the coolant circulation module 3 and the second valves of the fourth valve 33 and the fifth valve 34, respectively: the coolant circulation pump 31 → the fuel cell stack 1 → the fourth valve 33 → the fuel cell device 25 → the fifth valve 34 → the coolant circulation pump 31; in the process, the high-pressure air generated by the air compressor 21 is humidified by the humidifier 22 and then carries a large amount of water vapor into the solid adsorption heat storage tube 2504 of the fuel cell device 25, the solid adsorption heat storage material 2505 in the solid adsorption heat storage tube 2504 starts to physically adsorb the water vapor, so that the degree of freedom of water molecules is reduced and a large amount of adsorption heat is released, and the generated adsorption heat is carried by the high-pressure air flow into the fuel cell stack 1 to preheat the membrane electrode of the fuel cell stack 1; meanwhile, the cooling liquid circulating pump 31 drives the cooling liquid to flow through the cooling liquid heat exchange tube 2503 of the fuel cell device 25 and absorbs the adsorption heat released from the solid adsorption heat storage tube 2504 to enter the fuel cell stack 1 for preheating the bipolar plate therein; when the controller 4 detects that the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 rises to the set cold start temperature, the fuel cell stack 1 starts to be started so as to finish the cold start of the fuel cell stack 1.
Embodiment 4 provides a fuel cell control method, including:
detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T is1≤TF＜T2When the current is over;
humidifying air and inputting the air to an air input port of the fuel cell stack, and starting the fuel cell stack;
the cooling liquid inlet and the cooling liquid outlet of the fuel cell stack form a cooling circulation loop of cooling liquid to complete the starting of the fuel cell stack, wherein TFIs the operating temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack1Is the starting temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack2Is the rated temperature of the fuel cell stack.
The fuel cell control method further includes: detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T isF≥T2And radiating the heat of the cooling circulation loop. In the practical implementation process, T is more than or equal to-4 DEG C1≤0℃，75℃≤T2≤80℃。
As shown in fig. 5, the controller 4 opens the air compressor 21 and the first valve of the first valve 23 and the first valve of the second valve 24 in the air supply unit 2, and closes the third valve 26 so that the air is delivered through the following paths: the air compressor 21 → the humidifier 22 → the first valve 23 → the second valve 24 → the fuel cell stack 1, and the circulation path of the coolant is made by opening the coolant circulation pump 31 in the coolant circulation module 3 and the second valves of the first valve and the fifth valve 34 of the fourth valve 33, respectively: the coolant circulation pump 31 → the fuel cell stack 1 → the fourth valve 33 → the fifth valve 34 → the coolant circulation pump 31; in the process, the cooling liquid circulating pump 31 drives the cooling liquid to circulate only between the fuel cell stack 1 and the cooling liquid circulating pump 31 without passing through the radiator 32 so as to accelerate the temperature rise process of the fuel cell until the temperature rises to the optimal working temperature of the fuel cell, and the fuel cell is in a cooling liquid small circulation mode.
As shown in fig. 6, the controller 4 opens the air compressor 21 and the first valve of the first valve 23 and the first valve of the second valve 24 in the air supply unit 2, and closes the third valve 26 so that the air is delivered through the following paths: the air compressor 21 → the humidifier 22 → the first valve 23 → the second valve 24 → the fuel cell stack 1, and the circulation path of the coolant is made by opening the coolant circulation pump 31 in the cooling circulation module 3, the fan of the radiator 32, and the first valves of the first valve and the fifth valve 34 of the fourth valve 33, respectively: the coolant circulation pump 31 → the fuel cell stack 1 → the fourth valve 33 → the fifth valve 34 → the radiator 32 → the coolant circulation pump 31; in the process, the controller 4 sends pulse width modulation signals to the coolant circulating pump 31 and the radiator 32 through a PWM control mechanism to regulate the rotation speed of the water pump motor and the radiator fan motor to control the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to be in the optimal operating temperature range, and the fuel cell is in a normal thermal management mode.
Embodiment 5 provides a fuel cell control method, including:
after the fuel cell stack is started, judging whether a fuel cell device needs heat exchange;
when the fuel cell device needs heat exchange, air is input to an air input port of the fuel cell stack after being humidified, and the fuel cell stack works and heats cooling liquid;
and the cooling liquid is input into the fuel cell device through a cooling liquid output port of the fuel cell stack, and the cooling liquid heats the heat storage particles in the heat storage pipe to complete the heat exchange of the fuel cell device.
Detecting T of fuel cell deviceiAnd T0，TiIs the internal temperature, T, of the fuel cell device0Is the temperature of the cooling outlet of the fuel cell device, when Ti＞T0When the cooling liquid heats the heat storage particles in the heat storage tube, when T isi＝T0In time, heat exchange of the fuel cell device is completed.
The air ejector comprises a high-pressure input port, a low-pressure input port and an output port, moisture is generated when heat storage particles in the heat storage pipe are heated by cooling liquid, the heat storage pipe is communicated with the low-pressure input port of the air ejector, air is input to the high-pressure input port of the air ejector after being humidified, and the output port of the air ejector is communicated with the air input port of the fuel cell stack.
The step of determining whether the fuel cell device requires heat exchange includes: when the fuel cell stack is started, TF＜T1And T is the time after the fuel cell stack is startedF≥T2The fuel cell device requires heat exchange.
As shown in fig. 7, the controller 4 opens the air compressor 21 and the first valve of the first valve 23, the second valve of the second valve 24, and the second valve of the third valve 26 in the air supply unit 2, respectively, so that the air is delivered through the following paths: the air compressor 21 → the humidifier 22 → the first valve 23 → the second valve 24 → the compressed air ejector 27 → the fuel cell stack 1, and the circulation path of the coolant is made by opening the coolant circulation pump 31 in the cooling circulation module 3 and the first valves of the second valve and the fifth valve 34 of the fourth valve 33, respectively: the coolant circulation pump 31 → the fuel cell stack 1 → the fourth valve 33 → the fuel cell device 25 → the fifth valve 34 → the radiator 32 → the coolant circulation pump 31; when the high-pressure air from the air compressor 21 flows through the compressed air ejector 27, a certain suction force is generated at the air suction port of the compressed air ejector 27, so that a negative pressure environment is formed in the solid adsorption heat storage pipe 2504 communicated with the compressed air ejector, and the cooling liquid circulating pump 31 in the cooling circulation module 3 drives the cooling liquid to carry the heat generated by the fuel cell in the power generation process to the cooling liquid heat exchange pipe 2503 of the fuel cell device 25 and transfers the heat to the solid adsorption heat storage heat exchange pipe through heat exchangeThe pipe 2504 heats the solid adsorption heat storage material 2505 therein, and the adsorbed water is evaporated by heat and rapidly desorbed from the adsorbent in a negative pressure environment, and then is pumped out of the solid adsorption heat storage pipe 2504 to enter the compressed air ejector 27 and be converged with a high-pressure air flow to enter the fuel cell stack 1; during this process, the controller 4 monitors the temperatures T displayed by the first temperature sensor 28 and the second temperature sensor 29 in the air supply unit 2 in real timeiAnd ToIf T is detectedi＝ToThen the third valve 26 is first closed and then the normal thermal management mode is returned to, thereby completing the desorption regeneration of the solid adsorption heat storage material 2505 to prepare for the next cold start of the fuel cell, i.e. the fuel cell is in the desorption regeneration mode.
The controller 4 uses the coolant temperature of the third temperature sensor 35 or the fourth temperature sensor 36 in the cooling circulation module 3 as a reference temperature for subsequent comparison and processing; in another embodiment, the controller 4 employs an average value of the coolant temperatures of the third temperature sensor 35 and the fourth temperature sensor 36 as a parameter for subsequent comparison and processing. The reference coolant temperatures of the third temperature sensor 35 and/or the fourth temperature sensor 36 in the above-described embodiments are hereinafter collectively referred to as "fuel cell stack coolant temperature TF", and the temperature indicated by the first temperature sensor 28 in the air supply unit 2 is denoted as" Ti"and the temperature indicated by the second temperature sensor 29 is denoted as" To”。
In one embodiment, the controller 4 reads the first threshold temperature T1A second threshold temperature T2Wherein the first threshold temperature T1Less than a second threshold temperature T2I.e. T1＜T2. Wherein the first threshold temperature T1Setting the temperature to be within the range of-4 ℃ to 0 ℃; second threshold temperature T2Set to a temperature, T, in the interval 75-80 DEG C1Is the starting temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack2Is the rated temperature of the fuel cell stack.
Example 6 provides a fuelThe fuel cell control method, the controller 4 compares the temperature T of the fuel cell stack cooling liquidFAnd a first threshold temperature T1A second threshold temperature T2The size of (A) to (B): when T isF＜T1When the fuel cell is started, the thermal management system of the fuel cell enters a cold starting mode; when T is1≤TF≤T2When the fuel cell is in a small cooling liquid circulation mode, the fuel cell thermal management system enters a small cooling liquid circulation mode; when T isF＞T2When the fuel cell is in the normal thermal management mode, the fuel cell thermal management system enters the normal thermal management mode; after the fuel cell heat management system enters a normal heat management mode from a cold start mode, if the fuel cell automobile runs at a constant speed or the fuel cell outputs high power, namely the fuel cell device needs to exchange heat, the fuel cell heat management system can enter a regeneration desorption mode until Ti＝ToAnd again switches back to normal thermal management mode.
Referring to fig. 8, in step 900, the thermal management controller 4 reads the current temperature T of the fuel cell stack 1FThen comparing TFAnd a first threshold temperature T1And a second threshold temperature T2And proceeds to step 901;
in step 901, the thermal management controller 4 detects T if it detects TF＜T1Step 902 is entered if T is detected1≤TF≤T2Step 903 is entered if T is detectedF＞T2Step 904 is entered.
In step 902, the thermal management controller 4 opens the first valve 23, the fourth valve 33, the fifth valve 34, and the third valve 26 and closes the second valve 24, and then starts the air compressor 21 and the coolant circulation pump 31 to preheat the membrane electrode and the bipolar plate of the fuel cell stack by using the heat of adsorption released by the solid adsorption heat storage material 2505 when adsorbing water vapor; then returns to the step 901 to monitor and compare T in real timeFAnd T1、T2The size change in between;
in step 903, the thermal management controller 4 opens the first, second, fourth, and fifth valves 23, 24, 33, and 34, respectively, and closes the third valve 26, thenThen respectively starting the air compressor 21 and the cooling liquid circulating pump 31 to make the cooling liquid only circulate between the fuel cell stack 1 and the cooling liquid circulating pump 31 without passing through the radiator 32 so as to accelerate the temperature rise process of the fuel cell, and then returning to the step 901 to monitor and compare T in real timeFAnd T1、T2The size change in between;
in step 904, the thermal management controller 4 opens the first valve 23, the second valve 24, the fourth valve 33, the fifth valve 34 and closes the third valve 26, then starts the air compressor 21, the coolant circulation pump 31 and the radiator 32 fan, and controls the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 to be in the optimal operating temperature range by sending pulse width modulation signals to the coolant circulation pump 31 and the radiator 32 through the PWM control mechanism to regulate the rotation speed of the water pump motor and the radiator fan motor; then receiving the real-time driving state of the fuel cell vehicle transmitted by the vehicle controller in real time and entering step 910;
in step 910, the thermal management controller 4 starts to detect whether the fuel cell device needs heat exchange, that is, whether the fuel cell vehicle is in a steady driving state or whether the fuel cell is in a high power output state, so as to determine whether the fuel cell device 25 needs heat exchange; if yes, go to step 911, otherwise return to step 904;
in step 911, the thermal management controller 4 respectively opens the first valve 23, the fifth valve 34, the second valve 24, the third valve 26, and the fourth valve 33, then respectively starts the air compressor 21 and the coolant circulation pump 31, fully utilizes the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during the working process (especially during high power output) to heat the heat storage material 2505, preheats and evaporates the moisture adsorbed in the solid adsorption heat storage material 2505 in the negative pressure environment, and then is pumped out of the solid adsorption heat storage tube 2504, thereby realizing desorption and regeneration of the solid adsorption heat storage material 2505; during this process the thermal management controller 4 monitors T in real timeoAnd TiThen step 912 is entered.
In step 912, the thermal management controller 4 detects whether there is a Ti＝ToThe case (2) is as follows: if yes, go to step 913; whether or notThen step 911 is returned.
In step 913, the thermal management controller 4 closes the third valve 26 to complete the desorption regeneration of the solid adsorbent heat storage material 2505 in preparation for the next cold start of the fuel cell, and then returns to step 904 for normal thermal management control operations.
The invention skillfully utilizes the principle of solid adsorption type energy storage to release a large amount of adsorption heat in the process of adsorbing the adsorbate (namely water in the invention) by the adsorbent to preheat the fuel cell stack so as to realize the cold start of the fuel cell, and has the advantages that:
(1) the energy storage density is large and far higher than that of a sensible heat and latent heat energy storage mode, so that the using amount and the volume of materials can be reduced, and particularly, the zeolite/water working medium pair has the advantages of relatively high energy storage density and energy density, strong absorption capacity, large adsorption heat value, high adsorption speed and the like;
(2) the adsorption heat storage device has strong environmental adaptability, and the adsorption bed can be always in an energy storage state without being limited by time and environmental temperature as long as the adsorption bed is closed (namely the electromagnetic valves at the air inlet and the air outlet of the adsorption heat storage device are closed) and no air flow passes through the adsorption bed, so that the cost of the device is reduced;
(3) the energy utilization rate is high, and the cold start preheating process does not need external power supply heating or hydrogen combustion heating; the regeneration process fully utilizes the heat energy generated by the fuel cell in the power generation process to realize the desorption process of the adsorbate on the adsorbent, so that the waste heat generated by the fuel cell during working is stored in the solid heat storage material, the extra energy consumption required by the radiator during cooling the fuel cell is effectively reduced, and the cruising mileage of the fuel cell automobile is further prolonged.
The embodiments of the present invention are disclosed in the above, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and simple equivalent changes and modifications made according to the claims and the description of the invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (22)
1. The utility model provides a fuel cell device, its characterized in that, includes heat storage pipe and heat exchange pipe, the heat storage pipe with heat exchange pipe phase-match, the heat storage pipe includes air input port and air outlet, heat exchange pipe is including cooling input port and cooling outlet, just be equipped with the heat-retaining granule in the heat storage pipe, the heat-retaining granule can adsorb moisture and generate heat.
2. The fuel cell device of claim 1, wherein the heat storage particles comprise at least one of silica gel, activated carbon, activated alumina, metal organic frameworks, and zeolites.
3. The fuel cell device according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a fin, both ends of which are connected to the heat storage pipe and the heat exchanging pipe, respectively.
4. The fuel cell device according to claim 1, wherein a strainer is provided at a position where the air input port and the air output port of the heat storage pipe match each other.
5. The fuel cell device of claim 1, wherein a flow direction of the air input to the air output is opposite to a flow direction of the cooling input to the cooling output.
6. A fuel cell control system, characterized by comprising:
an air supply unit including the fuel cell device according to any one of claims 1 to 5;
a fuel cell stack in communication with the air supply unit;
a cooling circulation module in communication with the air supply unit and the fuel cell stack, respectively;
and the controller is respectively in signal connection with the air supply unit, the fuel cell stack and the cooling circulation module.
7. The fuel cell control system of claim 6, comprising the air supply module including a compressor for gas pressurization and a humidifier for air humidification, the compressor and the humidifier being in communication with the fuel cell device, respectively.
8. The fuel cell control system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the air supply module further comprises an air ejector for guiding the flow of air, the air ejector comprises a high-pressure input port, a low-pressure input port and an output port, the high-pressure input port of the air ejector is communicated with the air input port of the air supply unit, the low-pressure input port of the air ejector is communicated with the air output port of the fuel cell device, and the output port of the air ejector is communicated with the air input port of the fuel cell stack.
9. The fuel cell control system according to claim 8, wherein the cooling circulation module includes a cooling pump and a radiator, the cooling pump communicating with the radiator.
10. The fuel cell control system according to claim 9, further comprising a first valve, a second valve, a third valve, a fourth valve, and a fifth valve, the first valve being in communication with an input port of an air supply unit, an air input port of a fuel cell device, and an air input port of a fuel cell stack, respectively, the second valve being in communication with an input port of the air supply unit, a high-pressure input port of the air ejector, and an air input port of the fuel cell stack, respectively, the third valve being in communication with an air output port of the fuel cell device, a low-pressure input port of the air ejector, and an air input port of the fuel cell stack, respectively, the fourth valve being in communication with a cooling input port of a fuel cell device, a cooling output port of the fuel cell stack, and an input port of the radiator, respectively, and the fifth valve is respectively communicated with the cooling output port of the fuel cell device, the input port of the radiator and the input port of the cooling pump.
11. The fuel cell control system according to claim 6, further comprising a first temperature sensor for detecting an internal temperature of a fuel cell device, a second temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of an output port of a fuel cell device, a third temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of an input port of the fuel cell stack, and a fourth temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of an output port of the fuel cell stack.
12. A fuel cell control method characterized by comprising:
detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T is1＞TFWhen the air is humidified, the air is input into the heat storage pipe;
the heat storage pipe preheats air in the heat storage pipe and the cooling liquid in the heat exchange pipe;
respectively inputting the preheated air and the cooling liquid into the fuel cell stack and heating the fuel cell stack to complete the starting of the fuel cell stack, wherein T isFIs the operating temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack1Is the start-up temperature of the fuel cell stack.
13. The fuel cell control method according to claim 12, further comprising providing a compressor for pressurizing the gas and a humidifier for humidifying the air, wherein the air is pressurized and heated by the compressor and is input to the humidifier for humidification.
14. A fuel cell control method characterized by comprising:
detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T is1≤TF＜T2When the current is over;
humidifying air and inputting the air to an air input port of the fuel cell stack, and starting the fuel cell stack;
the cooling input port and the cooling output port of the fuel cell stack form a cooling circulation loop of cooling liquid to complete the starting of the fuel cell stack, wherein TFIs the operating temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack1Is the starting temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack2Is the rated temperature of the fuel cell stack.
15. The fuel cell control method according to claim 14, characterized by further comprising: detecting T of fuel cell stackFWhen T isF≥T2And radiating the heat of the cooling circulation loop.
16. The fuel cell control method according to claim 14, wherein-4 ℃. ltoreq. T1≤0℃，75℃≤T2≤80℃。
17. A fuel cell control method characterized by comprising:
after the fuel cell stack is started, judging whether a fuel cell device needs heat exchange;
when the fuel cell device needs heat exchange, air is input to an air input port of the fuel cell stack after being humidified, and the fuel cell stack works and heats cooling liquid;
and the cooling liquid is input into the fuel cell device through a cooling output port of the fuel cell stack, and the cooling liquid heats the heat storage particles in the heat storage pipe to complete the heat exchange of the fuel cell device.
18. The fuel cell control method according to claim 17, characterized in that T of the fuel cell device is detectediAnd T0，TiIs the internal temperature, T, of the fuel cell device0Is the temperature of the cooling outlet of the fuel cell device, when Ti＞T0When the cooling liquid heats the heat storage particles in the heat storage tube, when T isi＝T0In time, heat exchange of the fuel cell device is completed.
19. The fuel cell control method according to claim 17, wherein an air ejector is provided, the air ejector includes a high-pressure input port, a low-pressure input port, and an output port, moisture is generated when the cooling liquid heats the heat storage particles in the heat storage pipe, the heat storage pipe is communicated with the low-pressure input port of the air ejector, the air is humidified and then input to the high-pressure input port of the air ejector, and the output port of the air ejector is communicated with the air input port of the fuel cell stack.
20. The fuel cell control method according to claim 17, wherein the step of determining whether the fuel cell device requires heat exchange includes: when the fuel cell stack is started, TF＜T1And T is the time after the fuel cell stack is startedF≥T2The fuel cell device requires heat exchange.
21. A fuel cell control method characterized by comprising:
detecting T of fuel cell stackF；
When T isF＜T1When the fuel cell is started, the fuel cell control system works in a cold start mode;
when T is1≤TF≤T2In time, the fuel cell control system operates in a coolant small circulation mode
When T isF＞T2The fuel cell control system then operates in a normal thermal management mode, wherein TFIs the operating temperature, T, of the fuel cell stack1Is the start-up temperature of the fuel cell stack.
22. The fuel cell control method according to claim 21, characterized by further comprising: and judging whether the fuel cell device needs heat exchange, and when the fuel cell device needs heat exchange, carrying out desorption regeneration mode operation by the fuel cell control system.
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| CN201911013307.4A CN112701316A (en) | 2019-10-23 | 2019-10-23 | Fuel cell device and fuel cell control system and method |
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