CN112696207A - Construction method of overlong large pipe shed of shallow-buried bias-pressure underground excavation tunnel - Google Patents
Construction method of overlong large pipe shed of shallow-buried bias-pressure underground excavation tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 141
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008093 supporting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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Abstract
The invention discloses a construction method of an overlong large pipe shed of a shallow-buried bias-pressure underground excavation tunnel, which comprises the following steps of: a: measurement and positioning: the concrete position of every pipe canopy is put out according to the design drawing, on-spot on the spot to the measurement group, adopts the cement nail to make accurate mark to marked obvious sign is done to the orifice position to the paint that is striking, numbers the pipe canopy position. The invention has the advantages of high pore-forming speed, simple and convenient operation, convenient control, high pore-forming speed, simple and convenient control, and safe, accurate and efficient pore-forming construction because the drilling rod is arranged by adopting a wired guide instrument to control the drilling direction, the drilling parameters can be fed back in real time, and the pipe shed pipe is arranged by using the wedge palm inclined plate guide drill bit to adjust the pipe shed pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of construction of an overlong large pipe shed of a tunnel, in particular to a construction method of an overlong large pipe shed of a shallow-buried bias subsurface tunnel.
Background
The overlength large pipe shed is simply called a large pipe shed which is a supporting form of a tunnel and is generally used for a tunnel opening section, because the covering layer of the tunnel opening section is shallow, the pipe shed technology can be used for strengthening and supporting the support and is used for reinforcing and supporting surrounding rocks so as to ensure safe tunnel entry and smooth tunneling, and the pipe shed technology is generally carried out simultaneously with grouting.
Local collapse easily appears in the super large and large pipe roof construction process drilling process in current tunnel, needs the propelling movement pipe after the drilling, and the pore-forming speed is slow, can not feed back drilling parameter in real time, and drilling accuracy is low, has certain potential safety hazard.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a construction method for a super-long large pipe shed of a shallow-buried bias subsurface tunnel, which has the advantages of one-step completion of drilling and pipe laying, controllable collapse of drilled holes, elimination of pushing pipes after drilling, higher hole forming speed, real-time feedback of drilling parameters, low drilling precision and high safety, and solves the problems that the existing construction process for the super-long large pipe shed of the tunnel is easy to cause local collapse in the drilling process, the pipes need to be pushed after drilling, the hole forming speed is low, the drilling parameters cannot be fed back in real time, the drilling precision is low and certain potential safety hazards exist.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground excavation tunnel comprises the following steps:
a: measurement and positioning: the measuring group performs field lofting on the specific position of each pipe shed according to a design drawing, adopts a cement nail as an accurate mark, and uses striking paint to obviously mark the position of an orifice so as to number the positions of the pipe sheds;
b: setting up an operation platform: the drilling machine platform is erected by I-shaped steel I20a, the length of the platform is 9M, the height of the drilling machine platform is processed according to the actual size of a construction site, the step pitch is set to be 2M, square wood strips 8cm multiplied by 8cm in thickness are fully paved at the top of the drilling machine platform, the space between upright columns is 1.5M multiplied by 1.5M, the space between cross beams at the top of the upright columns is 1.5M, the space between longitudinal beams is 1.5M, the node connection of the I-shaped steel adopts 2 steel plates 0.36M multiplied by 0.22M multiplied by 0.01M to match with 4 bolts M20mm long by 70mm, the steel plates are welded with the I-shaped steel, the bottom of the upright columns is welded with the steel plates 0.36M multiplied by 0;
c: and (3) opening a pipe shed: before construction, a measurer carries out careful retesting on a position point of a lofted pipe shed, an error-out person needs to adjust and position a hole, a debugging angle is required to be charged by a specially-assigned person, retesting is carried out to ensure no error, the hole of the pipe shed is drilled at a low speed on a closed tunnel face by a geological water drill, the hole is drilled at a normal drilling speed after the drilling depth is 20cm, and high-pressure water is pumped into a power head of a drilling machine through a mud pump to jet out high-pressure water from a drill bit to impact a soil layer;
d: processing a pipe shed: processing a phi 108 multiplied by 8mm pipe shed by adopting a table type multipurpose drilling machine, considering the factors that adjacent steel pipe joints must be staggered and are limited by site construction conditions according to the length of the long pipe shed, wherein the length of a first lower pipe of an odd-number hole is 3m, the length of a middle section is 6m, the length of a last lower pipe is 3m, the length of an even-number hole is 6m at most, the length of a screw thread is 150mm, the screw thread is a spiral square wire with the diameter of 2mm, one end of a steel pipe is an inner wire, the other end of the steel pipe is an outer wire, and the processing end of the screw thread is right and;
e: positioning a drilling machine in place: the drilling machine is required to be coincided with a set lofting point, the position of the drilling machine must be accurately checked, and repeated adjustment is carried out by a method combining leveling, hanging and drill rod guiding, so that the axis of a drill rod of the drilling machine is ensured to be coincident with the axis of a pipe shed;
f: drilling: after the drilling machine is debugged, a drilling tool is installed for positioning and drilling, after the drilling is finished, a pipe shed steel pipe and a wired guide instrument are installed for drilling, the plane position, the direction and the external insertion angle of the hole are accurately measured, the construction angle is accurately determined by adopting a mutual detection method of a horizontal ruler and the guide instrument, each hole is numbered, the collapse of adjacent hole sites in the drilling process is not prevented, and construction of at least one hole site is carried out at intervals each time;
g: and (3) guiding control: the position of the drill bit is provided with a wire director signal rod, the drilling direction of the drill bit is changed by utilizing a wedge type drill bit capable of adjusting the direction according to the difference between the position and the direction of the drill bit in the drilling process and the design track, and the precision is controlled: in order to ensure the construction precision of the pipe shed, a wired guider is adopted to control the horizontal precision of a drill rod, a wedge palm inclined plate guide drill bit is used for adjusting the pipe shed pipe for construction, and a probe is arranged at the position of 200mm behind the guide drill bit for ensuring safe, accurate and efficient construction;
h: grouting: after the pipe shed is constructed, the orifice sealing device is adjusted, grouting is started from the orifice, grout adopts cement paste, the grout flows through the pipe shed and starts to flow back from the annular gap outside the pipe head steel pipe, air in the pipe is exhausted through the exhaust hole arranged on the orifice sealing device, after the grout flows out of the exhaust hole, the exhaust hole is closed, the grout is continuously poured, the grout is filled in the steel pipe and the surrounding gap, pressure maintaining measures are required for grouting, the annular gap is kept pressed against the one-way valve to be sealed with the switch water return valve and the orifice, and the pressure maintaining in the pipe shed is realized by the one-way valve and the orifice sealing.
Preferably, in the step B, in order to ensure the safety of the operation platform and the stability of the temporary inverted arch structure, a support system is arranged below the temporary inverted arch of the tunnel, and the setting requirement of the support system is the same as the platform reinforcing requirement.
Preferably, in the step C, under the drilling action of the drilling machine, the soil body continuously cut by the drill bit is continuously cut into a powdery soil body, and the powdery soil body is continuously stirred with the high-pressure water at the drill bit through the power of the drilling machine, a part of the soil body forms a slurry retaining wall to prevent the collapse of the hole wall and reduce the uneven settlement of the ground surface, so as to finally realize the purpose of uniform load of the pipe shed, the other part of the slurry continuously supplements and dilutes through the high-pressure water, flows out from the hole opening, returns to the sedimentation tank for sedimentation and recycling, and is discharged to the drilling tool to install the pipe shed.
Preferably, the position where the drilling machine is arranged in the step E is not less than 1m from the working surface, after the drilling machine is arranged, strict positioning and orientation are carried out according to the drilling requirement, and the parallel lines of the drilling rod extend and are fixed, so that the drilling guide effect of the drilling machine is achieved.
Preferably, during the drilling in the step F, a shed pipe steel pipe with the diameter of 108mm and the wall thickness of 8mm is directly used as a drill rod to form full-hole drilling and effectively restrain the drill bit, a wedge plate alloy drill bit with the diameter of 150mm is installed at the front end of the steel pipe, two small holes with the diameter of about 6mm are formed at the front end of the drill bit, a slurry pump fills the shed pipe with flushing liquid, then the flushing liquid is sprayed out through the small holes at high pressure, cutting and breaking the soil body, performing reparative cutting on the soil body during the rotary jacking process of the drill bit wedge-shaped plate to form a slurry retaining wall, forming a hole slightly larger than the pipe diameter on the soil body, forming slurry by stirring the in-situ layer residue soil and flushing fluid, allowing the slurry to flow out from a gap between the pipe wall and the soil body until the slurry flows to the hole opening, the circulating shed pipe continuously advances, the drill is drilled at intervals from bottom to top when drilling, the drill is kept at low speed and low pressure when the drill is started, and the pressure is properly applied after the hole is drilled for 2.0 m.
Preferably, in the step G, a special sensor is installed in the drill bit, the sensor is connected to a PLD display screen outside the drill bit through a wired cable, when the drilling rig drills in a uniform rotation, a drill rod track is substantially straight, the direction of the pilot drill bit in the construction process is controlled by information fed back by the display screen, and the pilot instrument system comprises a receiver and a probe which are in wired connection.
Preferably, the grouting slurry in the step H adopts cement slurry, and the grouting parameters are as follows: the water-cement ratio of cement paste is 1:1, the grouting pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa, and grouting parameters are properly adjusted according to actual geological conditions and under the condition of meeting design requirements in construction.
Preferably, the grouting of the pipe roof in the step H follows the principle of 'first two sides and then middle, and from thin to thick', the grouting construction is started from two ends, the grouting is pushed towards the vault direction of the tunnel, the concentration of the grouting slurry is lower at the beginning, the grouting slurry is gradually thickened to the designed concentration, the water cement ratio of the cement slurry is 1:1, the mixing of the cement slurry is uniform, the cement slurry has good fluidity and viscosity, the mixing of the cement slurry is carried out strictly according to the designed mixing ratio, and the stirring work cannot be stopped until the grouting is finished.
Preferably, grouting of the pipe shed in the step H is carried out strictly according to the design pressure, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 MPa, the pipeline smoothness and the mechanical operation condition are checked before grouting, the tunnel face is sealed before grouting to ensure that no grouting leaks in the grouting process, gaps between the steel pipe and the periphery are filled with the grouting, the grouting amount must meet the design requirements, the grouting sequence is that a hole is low firstly and a hole is high secondly, a water-free hole is firstly injected and a water hole is then injected, and the grouting is carried out symmetrically from two arch legs to the arch crown.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the construction method, the pipe shed is used as a drill rod, drilling and pipe laying are completed at one time, so that the collapse of the drilled hole can be controlled, a pushing pipe after drilling is omitted, the hole forming speed is high, the operation is simple, and the control is convenient;
2. according to the invention, the drilling direction can be controlled by adopting the wired guide instrument to control the drilling rod, the drilling parameters can be fed back in real time, the wedge palm inclined plate is used for guiding the drill bit to adjust the pipe shed pipe for drilling, the safe, accurate and efficient construction of hole forming is ensured, and the guide instrument system comprises a receiving instrument and a probe rod which are in wired connection;
3. according to the invention, the rock mass ahead of the excavation is supported by the advancing large pipe shed, so that effective protection is formed for tunneling construction, the safety of tunneling construction is ensured, the construction speed is high, and the supporting effect is good.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of the pipe shed guiding pipe-following drilling method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a guiding deviation correcting system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a pilot bit according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the construction method of the ultra-long large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias underground excavation tunnel comprises the following steps:
a: measurement and positioning: the measuring group performs field lofting on the specific position of each pipe shed according to a design drawing, adopts a cement nail as an accurate mark, and uses striking paint to obviously mark the position of an orifice so as to number the positions of the pipe sheds;
b: setting up an operation platform: the drilling machine platform is erected by I-shaped steel I20a, the length of the platform is 9M, the height of the drilling machine platform is processed according to the actual size of a construction site, the step pitch is set to be 2M, square wood strips 8cm multiplied by 8cm in thickness are fully paved at the top of the drilling machine platform, the space between upright columns is 1.5M multiplied by 1.5M, the space between cross beams at the top of the upright columns is 1.5M, the space between longitudinal beams is 1.5M, the node connection of the I-shaped steel adopts 2 steel plates 0.36M multiplied by 0.22M multiplied by 0.01M to match with 4 bolts M20mm long by 70mm, the steel plates are welded with the I-shaped steel, the bottom of the upright columns is welded with the steel plates 0.36M multiplied by 0;
c: and (3) opening a pipe shed: before construction, a measurer carries out careful retesting on a position point of a lofted pipe shed, an error-out person needs to adjust and position a hole, a debugging angle is required to be charged by a specially-assigned person, retesting is carried out to ensure no error, the hole of the pipe shed is drilled at a low speed on a closed tunnel face by a geological water drill, the hole is drilled at a normal drilling speed after the drilling depth is 20cm, and high-pressure water is pumped into a power head of a drilling machine through a mud pump to jet out high-pressure water from a drill bit to impact a soil layer;
d: processing a pipe shed: processing a phi 108 multiplied by 8mm pipe shed by adopting a table type multipurpose drilling machine, considering the factors that adjacent steel pipe joints must be staggered and are limited by site construction conditions according to the length of the long pipe shed, wherein the length of a first lower pipe of an odd-number hole is 3m, the length of a middle section is 6m, the length of a last lower pipe is 3m, the length of an even-number hole is 6m at most, the length of a screw thread is 150mm, the screw thread is a spiral square wire with the diameter of 2mm, one end of a steel pipe is an inner wire, the other end of the steel pipe is an outer wire, and the processing end of the screw thread is right and;
e: positioning a drilling machine in place: the drilling machine is required to be coincided with a set lofting point, the position of the drilling machine must be accurately checked, and repeated adjustment is carried out by a method combining leveling, hanging and drill rod guiding, so that the axis of a drill rod of the drilling machine is ensured to be coincident with the axis of a pipe shed;
f: drilling: after the drilling machine is debugged, a drilling tool is installed for positioning and drilling, after the drilling is finished, a pipe shed steel pipe and a wired guide instrument are installed for drilling, the plane position, the direction and the external insertion angle of the hole are accurately measured, the construction angle is accurately determined by adopting a mutual detection method of a horizontal ruler and the guide instrument, each hole is numbered, the collapse of adjacent hole sites in the drilling process is not prevented, and construction of at least one hole site is carried out at intervals each time;
g: and (3) guiding control: the position of the drill bit is provided with a wire director signal rod, the drilling direction of the drill bit is changed by utilizing a wedge type drill bit capable of adjusting the direction according to the difference between the position and the direction of the drill bit in the drilling process and the design track, and the precision is controlled: in order to ensure the construction precision of the pipe shed, a wired guider is adopted to control the horizontal precision of a drill rod, a wedge palm inclined plate guide drill bit is used for adjusting the pipe shed pipe for construction, and a probe is arranged at the position of 200mm behind the guide drill bit for ensuring safe, accurate and efficient construction;
h: grouting: after the pipe shed is constructed, the orifice sealing device is adjusted, grouting is started from the orifice, grout adopts cement paste, the grout flows through the pipe shed and starts to flow back from the annular gap outside the pipe head steel pipe, air in the pipe is exhausted through the exhaust hole arranged on the orifice sealing device, after the grout flows out of the exhaust hole, the exhaust hole is closed, the grout is continuously poured, the grout is filled in the steel pipe and the surrounding gap, pressure maintaining measures are required for grouting, the annular gap is kept pressed against the one-way valve to be sealed with the switch water return valve and the orifice, and the pressure maintaining in the pipe shed is realized by the one-way valve and the orifice sealing.
And B, in order to ensure the safety of the operation platform and the stability of the temporary inverted arch structure, a supporting system is arranged below the temporary inverted arch of the tunnel, and the setting requirement of the supporting system is the same as the platform reinforcing requirement.
And C, under the drilling action of a drilling machine, continuously cutting the soil body into a powdery soil body by the drill bit, continuously stirring the powdery soil body with high-pressure water at the drill bit by the power of the drilling machine, forming a part of the soil body into a slurry protective wall, preventing the collapse of the hole wall, reducing the uneven settlement of the ground surface, and finally realizing the purpose of uniform load of the pipe shed, continuously supplementing and diluting the other part of the slurry by the high-pressure water, flowing out of the hole, returning to a sedimentation tank for sedimentation and recycling, and unloading the drilling tool to install a pipe shed steel pipe for drilling after drilling for 1.5 m.
And E, the position where the drilling machine is arranged is preferably not less than 1m away from the working surface, after the drilling machine is arranged, strict positioning and orientation are carried out according to the drilling requirement, and the parallel lines of the drilling rod are extended and fixed to achieve the guiding effect of drilling by the drilling machine.
And F, directly using a box pipe steel pipe with the diameter of 108mm and the wall thickness of 8mm as a drill rod during drilling to form full-hole drilling and effectively restrain the drill bit, installing a wedge plate alloy drill bit with the diameter of 150mm at the front end of the steel pipe, wherein two small holes with the diameter of about 6mm are formed at the front end of the drill bit, filling the box pipe with washing liquid by a slurry pump, spraying the washing liquid at high pressure through the small holes to cut and break the soil body, performing reparative cutting on the soil body during the rotating jacking process of the wedge plate of the drill bit to form a slurry protection wall, forming a hole slightly larger than the diameter of the soil body by the soil body, stirring the residue soil in the original layer with the washing liquid to form slurry, enabling the slurry to flow out from the gap between the pipe wall and the soil body until the slurry flows to the hole opening, continuously advancing the box pipe, drilling from bottom to top, drilling at a separation hole, keeping low speed and.
And G, a special sensor is arranged in the drill bit and is connected with the PLD display screen outside the pipe through a wired cable, when the drilling machine drills in a constant-speed rotating mode, the track of the drill rod is basically straight, the direction of the guide drill bit in the construction process is controlled by information fed back by the display screen, and the guide instrument system comprises a receiving instrument and a probe which are in wired connection.
And (H) adopting cement slurry for grouting in the step (H), wherein the grouting parameters are as follows: the water-cement ratio of cement paste is 1:1, the grouting pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa, and grouting parameters are properly adjusted according to actual geological conditions and under the condition of meeting design requirements in construction.
And H, grouting the pipe shed in the step H according to the principle that two sides are arranged in sequence and the slurry is concentrated from thin to thick, the grouting construction is started from two ends and is pushed towards the vault of the tunnel, the concentration of the slurry for grouting is a little bit at the beginning, the slurry is gradually concentrated to the designed concentration, the water-cement ratio of the cement slurry is 1:1, the slurry is uniformly mixed, the slurry has good fluidity and viscosity, the mixing of the cement slurry is carried out strictly according to the designed mixing ratio, and the stirring work cannot be stopped until the grouting is finished.
And H, grouting the pipe shed in the step H, strictly performing grouting according to the design pressure, controlling the pressure to be 0.5-0.8 MPa, checking the smooth pipeline and mechanical operation condition before grouting, sealing the tunnel face before grouting to ensure that no slurry leaks in the grouting process, filling the gaps between the steel pipe and the periphery with the grouting amount which must meet the design requirement, wherein the grouting sequence is that a low hole is firstly formed and a high hole is formed, a water-free hole is firstly filled and a water hole is then filled, and the grouting is performed symmetrically from two arch legs to the arch crown.
Follow-up with the drill bit is carried out during drilling, a phi 108 sectional seamless steel pipe with the wall thickness of 8mm is adopted, threaded mantle wires are adopted for connection, seams are fully welded, the length of a thread section of the threaded nipple is 150mm, the drill rod is prohibited from rotating during drilling, the drill bit and the drill rod are prevented from being disconnected, the drill drop phenomenon is avoided, in order to prevent underground water and soil loss and control settlement, a drilling principle of medium and small water quantity, low rotating speed, medium and low pressure and rapid feeding is adopted during construction of a pipe shed, the pump pressure is controlled to be 0.4-0.8 MPa during drilling, the pump quantity is preferably 20-50L/min, the medium and low pressure is kept, the medium and low pressure and medium speed drilling are carried out, an orifice return valve is installed at an orifice after the pipe shed is drilled, the water pressure is controlled, the return water quantity in the hole during drilling is ensured to be: and each time a section of pipe shed is followed, a guide instrument is required to be used for checking the construction angle, and if deflection is found, a wedge-shaped drill bit is immediately used for correcting the angle.
The position and the direction of the drill bit under the ground can be accurately measured in the drilling process, and the drilling direction of the drill bit is changed by using the drill bit (generally a wedge-shaped drill bit) with the direction being adjustable at any time according to the difference between the position and the direction of the drill bit and the design track in the drilling process, so that the pipe shed is arranged according to the design requirement.
The probe is internally provided with a special sensor which is directly powered by 15V direct current, and the display screen displays the inclination angle (horizontal angle) and the facing angle (the direction of the guide plate, namely the guide plate is upward and is 12 o' clock face) of the drill bit.
If the drilling angle is set to be lower, the drill bit can be adjusted to 12 points, namely the guide plate faces upwards and is directly jacked, at the moment, due to the fact that the inclined surface area of the guide plate bottom plate is large, an upward force is applied, the track of the drill bit moves upwards, meanwhile, the deviation rectification at 6 points enables the track of the drill bit to face downwards, 9 points and 3 points are respectively in left and right deviation rectification directions, if the angle is proper, the drilling machine can drill at a constant speed in a rotating mode, at the moment, the track of the drill rod is generally straight, and the deviation of a final hole can be controlled within 5 per thousand.
In summary, the following steps: according to the construction method of the overlength large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground excavation tunnel, peripheral surrounding rocks outside an arch excavation line are enabled to form a reinforced protection ring in advance through pipe shed grouting, ideal excavation conditions are created through the protection ring, a continuous pipe shed rod body is used for supporting in an unearthed rock body to form a whole joist, the load transmitted to a primary support by the surrounding rocks is reduced, the main pressure of the damaged surrounding rocks after excavation is transferred to the peripheral grouting reinforced surrounding rocks under the combined supporting action of continuous large pipe shed supporting, radial anchor rod grouting and the like, the tunnel supporting is enabled to bear a small amount of surrounding rock pressure, the combined action of the supporting and the surrounding rocks is fully exerted to support so as to maintain the stability of the supporting, and the safety of tunneling construction and primary supporting is effectively guaranteed.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground excavation tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
a: measurement and positioning: the measuring group performs field lofting on the specific position of each pipe shed according to a design drawing, adopts a cement nail as an accurate mark, and uses striking paint to obviously mark the position of an orifice so as to number the positions of the pipe sheds;
b: setting up an operation platform: the drilling machine platform is erected by I-shaped steel I20a, the length of the platform is 9M, the height of the drilling machine platform is processed according to the actual size of a construction site, the step pitch is set to be 2M, square wood strips 8cm multiplied by 8cm in thickness are fully paved at the top of the drilling machine platform, the space between upright columns is 1.5M multiplied by 1.5M, the space between cross beams at the top of the upright columns is 1.5M, the space between longitudinal beams is 1.5M, the node connection of the I-shaped steel adopts 2 steel plates 0.36M multiplied by 0.22M multiplied by 0.01M to match with 4 bolts M20mm long by 70mm, the steel plates are welded with the I-shaped steel, the bottom of the upright columns is welded with the steel plates 0.36M multiplied by 0;
c: and (3) opening a pipe shed: before construction, a measurer carries out careful retesting on a position point of a lofted pipe shed, an error-out person needs to adjust and position a hole, a debugging angle is required to be charged by a specially-assigned person, retesting is carried out to ensure no error, the hole of the pipe shed is drilled at a low speed on a closed tunnel face by a geological water drill, the hole is drilled at a normal drilling speed after the drilling depth is 20cm, and high-pressure water is pumped into a power head of a drilling machine through a mud pump to jet out high-pressure water from a drill bit to impact a soil layer;
d: processing a pipe shed: processing a phi 108 multiplied by 8mm pipe shed by adopting a table type multipurpose drilling machine, considering the factors that adjacent steel pipe joints must be staggered and are limited by site construction conditions according to the length of the long pipe shed, wherein the length of a first lower pipe of an odd-number hole is 3m, the length of a middle section is 6m, the length of a last lower pipe is 3m, the length of an even-number hole is 6m at most, the length of a screw thread is 150mm, the screw thread is a spiral square wire with the diameter of 2mm, one end of a steel pipe is an inner wire, the other end of the steel pipe is an outer wire, and the processing end of the screw thread is right and;
e: positioning a drilling machine in place: the drilling machine is required to be coincided with a set lofting point, the position of the drilling machine must be accurately checked, and repeated adjustment is carried out by a method combining leveling, hanging and drill rod guiding, so that the axis of a drill rod of the drilling machine is ensured to be coincident with the axis of a pipe shed;
f: drilling: after the drilling machine is debugged, a drilling tool is installed for positioning and drilling, after the drilling is finished, a pipe shed steel pipe and a wired guide instrument are installed for drilling, the plane position, the direction and the external insertion angle of the hole are accurately measured, the construction angle is accurately determined by adopting a mutual detection method of a horizontal ruler and the guide instrument, each hole is numbered, the collapse of adjacent hole sites in the drilling process is not prevented, and construction of at least one hole site is carried out at intervals each time;
g: and (3) guiding control: the position of the drill bit is provided with a wire director signal rod, the drilling direction of the drill bit is changed by utilizing a wedge type drill bit capable of adjusting the direction according to the difference between the position and the direction of the drill bit in the drilling process and the design track, and the precision is controlled: in order to ensure the construction precision of the pipe shed, a wired guider is adopted to control the horizontal precision of a drill rod, a wedge palm inclined plate guide drill bit is used for adjusting the pipe shed pipe for construction, and a probe is arranged at the position of 200mm behind the guide drill bit for ensuring safe, accurate and efficient construction;
h: grouting: after the pipe shed is constructed, the orifice sealing device is adjusted, grouting is started from the orifice, grout adopts cement paste, the grout flows through the pipe shed and starts to flow back from the annular gap outside the pipe head steel pipe, air in the pipe is exhausted through the exhaust hole arranged on the orifice sealing device, after the grout flows out of the exhaust hole, the exhaust hole is closed, the grout is continuously poured, the grout is filled in the steel pipe and the surrounding gap, pressure maintaining measures are required for grouting, the annular gap is kept pressed against the one-way valve to be sealed with the switch water return valve and the orifice, and the pressure maintaining in the pipe shed is realized by the one-way valve and the orifice sealing.
2. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and B, in order to ensure the safety of the operation platform and the stability of the temporary inverted arch structure, a supporting system is arranged below the temporary inverted arch of the tunnel, and the setting requirement of the supporting system is the same as the platform reinforcing requirement.
3. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and C, under the drilling action of the drilling machine, continuously cutting the soil body into a powdery soil body by the drill bit, continuously stirring the powdery soil body and high-pressure water at the drill bit by the power of the drilling machine, forming a part of the soil body into a slurry protective wall, preventing the collapse of the hole wall, reducing the uneven settlement of the ground surface, and finally realizing the purpose of uniform load of the pipe shed, continuously supplementing and diluting the other part of the slurry by the high-pressure water, flowing out of the hole, returning to the sedimentation tank for sedimentation and recycling, and unloading the drilling tool to install the pipe shed steel pipe for drilling after drilling for 1.5 m.
4. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and E, preferably, the position of the drilling machine arranged in the step E is not less than 1m away from the working surface, and after the drilling machine is arranged, strict positioning and orientation are carried out according to the drilling requirement, so that the parallel lines of the drilling rod are extended and fixed to achieve the drilling guide effect of the drilling machine.
5. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and F, directly using a box pipe steel pipe with the diameter of 108mm and the wall thickness of 8mm as a drill rod during drilling to form full-hole drilling and effectively restrain the drill bit, installing a wedge plate alloy drill bit with the diameter of 150mm at the front end of the steel pipe, wherein two small holes with the diameter of about 6mm are formed at the front end of the drill bit, filling the box pipe with washing liquid by a slurry pump, spraying the washing liquid at high pressure through the small holes to cut and break the soil body, performing rotary jacking on the wedge plate of the drill bit to simultaneously perform cutting on the soil body to form a slurry protection wall, forming a hole slightly larger than the pipe diameter on the soil body, stirring the residue soil in the original layer with the washing liquid to form slurry, allowing the slurry to flow out from a gap between the pipe wall and the soil body until the slurry flows to the hole opening, so that the box pipe continuously moves forwards, drilling from bottom to top to the hole to separate the hole for drilling, maintaining low speed and.
6. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and G, a special sensor is arranged in the drill bit, the sensor is connected with the PLD display screen outside the pipe through a wired cable, when the drilling machine drills in a constant-speed rotating mode, the track of the drill rod is basically straight, the direction of the guide drill bit in the construction process is controlled by information fed back by the display screen, and the guide instrument system comprises a receiving instrument and a probe which are in wired connection.
7. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (E) adopting cement slurry for grouting in the step H, wherein the grouting parameters are as follows: the water-cement ratio of cement paste is 1:1, the grouting pressure is 0.5-0.8 MPa, and grouting parameters are properly adjusted according to actual geological conditions and under the condition of meeting design requirements in construction.
8. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: and H, grouting the pipe shed in the step H according to the principle that two sides are arranged in sequence, the middle is arranged in sequence, and the grouting construction is started from two ends and is propelled towards the vault of the tunnel, the concentration of the grouting slurry is lower at the beginning and is gradually thickened to the designed concentration, the water-cement ratio of the cement slurry is 1:1, the slurry is uniformly mixed, the fluidity and the viscosity are good, the mixing of the cement slurry is carried out strictly according to the designed mixing ratio, and the stirring work cannot be stopped until the grouting is finished.
9. The construction method of the overlong large pipe shed of the shallow-buried bias-pressure underground-excavated tunnel according to claim 1, characterized in that: grouting and grouting for the pipe shed in the step H are carried out strictly according to the design pressure, the pressure is controlled to be 0.5-0.8 MPa, the pipeline smoothness and the mechanical operation condition are checked before grouting, the tunnel face is closed before grouting to ensure that no grouting leaks in the grouting process, the steel pipe and surrounding gaps need to be filled with grouting, the grouting amount needs to meet the design requirements, the grouting sequence is that low holes are arranged firstly and high holes are arranged secondly, water holes are arranged firstly and water holes are arranged secondly, and the grouting is carried out symmetrically from two arch legs to the arch crown.
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