CN112694257A - Preparation method and sealing process of explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group and sealing glass - Google Patents
Preparation method and sealing process of explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group and sealing glass Download PDFInfo
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- CN112694257A CN112694257A CN202011572096.0A CN202011572096A CN112694257A CN 112694257 A CN112694257 A CN 112694257A CN 202011572096 A CN202011572096 A CN 202011572096A CN 112694257 A CN112694257 A CN 112694257A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/24—Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions, i.e. for use as seals between dissimilar materials, e.g. glass and metal; Glass solders
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C1/00—Ingredients generally applicable to manufacture of glasses, glazes, or vitreous enamels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C29/00—Joining metals with the aid of glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
- C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium
- C03C3/093—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium containing zinc or zirconium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method and a sealing process of an explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group and sealing glass, and provides a glass material which is resistant to electrolyte corrosion, excellent in electrochemical performance and controllable in mechanical strength and is used for sealing the lithium primary battery cover group,the compressive strength of the glass is controlled by designing the glass components and the sealing thickness. The explosion-proof principle is that when the internal pressure of the battery is greater than the design pressure in the use process, namely the battery pressure is overloaded, the pressure-bearing strength of the glass material is just reached, so that the glass is cracked, the internal pressure of the battery is slowly released, and the battery cannot be subjected to dangerous situations such as severe explosion. The metal adopted by the shell is stainless steel series and carbon steel series, wherein the stainless steel series comprises 304L, 316L and the like, and the core column adopts iron-nickel alloys of alloys 4J28, 4J50, 4J52 and the like. Selecting SiO2‑B2O3‑BaO‑Na2O3The glass system is a main body, and the thermal expansion coefficient, the glass softening temperature, the chemical stability and the mechanical property of the glass are adjusted by adding various metal oxides.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of sealing glass and preparation thereof, and particularly relates to a preparation method and a sealing process of an explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group and the sealing glass.
Background
The explosion of the lithium primary battery can be mainly divided into the following aspects: (1) during the assembly or use process of the lithium battery, when the moisture content in the battery is too high, the moisture can react with the electrolyte of the lithium battery to generate gas, and the gas reacts with the lithium metal to generate lithium oxide, so that the capacity of the battery can be lost, the series of generated gas can increase the internal pressure of the battery, and when the battery shell cannot bear the gas, the lithium battery can explode. (2) The battery is internally short-circuited, the battery is discharged at a large current to generate a large amount of heat, and a greater short-circuit occurs by burning the separator, which causes the temperature of the battery to rise, resulting in decomposition of the electrolyte into gas, resulting in excessive internal pressure. If the battery case cannot withstand this pressure, the battery may explode. (3) Improper operation or use can result in external short circuits. The discharge current of the battery is very large due to the external short circuit, causing the battery to generate heat, and the high temperature causes the internal separator in the battery to shrink or completely break, thereby causing the internal short circuit of the lithium battery to explode.
Along with the development of the internet of things and artificial intelligence, the lithium primary battery is more and more paid attention and applied by people, and is widely applied to intelligent electric meters, water meters, heat meters, gas meters, intelligent transportation (ETC), intelligent cities (well cover protection, bridge circuit sensing), smoke alarms, temperature monitors, wireless communication, night vision devices, tracking and positioning equipment. Some of these products are used in harsh environments, such as low-temperature and high-humidity environments, mechanical shock environments, and the like. The safety and reliability of the primary lithium battery can be guaranteed in the process of using the primary lithium battery, and the primary lithium battery is very important for equipment and personnel. Therefore, the preparation of the lithium primary battery cover group with the explosion-proof function is particularly significant.
The stainless steel and the iron-nickel alloy have the advantages of low cost, easy processing, good heat conductivity, good electrical conductivity and the like. In addition, in air and neutral water environment, the metal material has very good chemical stability and corrosion resistance, and is widely applied to lithium batteries.
Most of glass used for sealing the conventional explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group is high silicate glass, electrolyte corrosion resistance is poor, mechanical vibration resistance is poor and other factors cause easy leakage of the battery, so that the service life and the performance of the battery are severely limited.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the conventional lithium primary battery cover group, the invention provides an explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group which has the advantages of electrolyte corrosion resistance, excellent electrochemical performance and controllable mechanical strength, and when the internal pressure of a battery is greater than the design pressure in the use process, glass is cracked, the internal pressure of the battery is slowly released, and the battery cannot be subjected to dangerous situations such as severe explosion.
The invention discloses an explosion-proof glass material for sealing a lithium primary battery cover group and a structural design thereof, and provides a glass material which is resistant to electrolyte corrosion, excellent in electrochemical performance, controllable in mechanical strength and used for sealing the lithium primary battery cover group. The explosion-proof principle is that when the internal pressure of the battery is greater than the design pressure in the use process, namely the battery pressure is overloaded, the pressure-bearing strength of the glass material is just reached, so that the glass is cracked, the internal pressure of the battery is slowly released, and the battery cannot be subjected to dangerous situations such as severe explosion. The invention selects the metal with low cost, easy processing, heat conductivity and electric conductivity to be used for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery, improves the corrosion resistance of the glass of the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery, not only ensures the air tightness of the sealing and connecting piece, but also improves the chemical stability and high-temperature and high-pressure insulativity of the sealing and connecting piece, and particularly has adjustable compressive strength, and the preparation process is simple and is suitable for industrial production.
The preparation method of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group sealing glass is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the following raw materials in percentage by mol:
SiO2：40％～60％
B2O3：10％～30％
Al2O3：0％～5％
BaO：5％～15％
Na2O：5％～10％
K2O：0％～5％
MgO：0％～5％
CaO：0％～5％
TiO2：0％～5％
ZrO2：0％～5％
ZnO：0％～5％
wherein, each oxide should contain various salts and acid-base compounds thereof;
2) mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the sealing glass is 80 × 10-7-140×10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 580-780 ℃;
height of sealing glass: sealing the hole by 0.2-0.8 times;
the compressive strength F of the sealing glass is 750N-3000N.
The explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group comprises a core column and a shell, wherein a through hole is formed in the shell, the core column is inserted into the through hole and penetrates through the through hole, and the shell and the core column are sealed through sealing glass to obtain the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group.
The sealing process of the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery comprises the following steps:
1) the metal material of the shell body for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is stainless steel series, wherein the metal material comprises 304L, 316L and the like;
2) the stainless steel in the step 1) can be 304, 304L, 316L, but is not limited to the alloy grades;
3) the core column metal material metal for the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group is a series of iron-nickel alloys such as alloys 4J28, 4J50, 4J52 and the like;
4) the nickel-based alloy in the step 3) can be various alloys with the grades of 4J28, 4J50, 4J52 and the like, but is not limited to the alloys;
5) and putting the sealed metal shell, the glass blank and the core column together in a graphite mold to assemble a component to be sealed, putting the component in a chain type atmosphere sealing furnace, introducing protective gas into the furnace to prevent oxidation, quickly raising the temperature in the furnace to 800-1000 ℃, and preserving the temperature at 800-1000 ℃ for 15-45 min for sealing to obtain the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group.
Further, the protective gas in step 5) may be nitrogen, helium, argon, and other inert gases; .
Further, in the step 5), the height of the sealing glass is 0.2-0.8 times of that of the sealing hole; .
Further, the sealing component obtained in the step 5) has electrolyte corrosion resistance, excellent electrochemical performance and controllable mechanical strength, and when the internal pressure of the battery is higher than the design pressure in the use process, namely the battery pressure is overloaded, the internal pressure of the battery is just reached to the pressure-bearing strength of the glass material, so that the glass is cracked, the internal pressure of the battery is slowly released, and the battery is prevented from dangerous situations such as severe explosion.
The beneficial effects brought by the invention are as follows:
the invention discloses an explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group sealing glass material and a structural design thereof, and provides a glass material which is resistant to electrolyte corrosion, excellent in electrochemical performance and controllable in mechanical strength and is used for sealing a lithium primary battery cover group. The explosion-proof principle is that when the internal pressure of the battery is greater than the design pressure in the use process, namely the battery pressure is overloaded, the pressure-bearing strength of the glass material is just reached, so that the glass is cracked, the internal pressure of the battery is slowly released, and the battery cannot be subjected to dangerous situations such as severe explosion. The metal adopted by the shell is stainless steel series and carbon steel series, wherein the stainless steel series comprises 304L, 316L and the like, and the core column adopts iron-nickel alloys of alloys 4J28, 4J50, 4J52 and the like. Selecting SiO2-B2O3-BaO-Na2O3The glass system is a main body, and the thermal expansion coefficient, the glass softening temperature and the chemistry of the glass are adjusted by adding various metal oxidesStability and mechanical properties of the glass. The thermal expansion coefficient of the glass can be adjusted by introducing alkali metal and alkaline earth metal, and the softening temperature of the glass is reduced; by introducing small amount of ZnO and Al2O3The glass can enter a glass network structure to play a role in connecting Si-O-Si and B-O-B, so that the chemical stability of the glass can be improved; the mechanical strength of the glass can be adjusted by adjusting the components and the sealing thickness of the glass (0.2-0.8 times of the thickness of the sealing hole), and the pressure of the glass which is broken and released in advance when the internal pressure of the battery reaches a critical value can be met. The prepared thermal expansion coefficient is 80-140 multiplied by 10-7The borosilicate glass with the glass softening temperature of 580-780 ℃ has different glass strengths and sealing thicknesses corresponding to corresponding breaking pressures, wherein the breaking pressure range is 750N-3000N, and the borosilicate glass can be used for sealing the glass of the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery of various iron-based alloys, nickel-based alloys and iron-nickel-based alloy materials.
Drawings
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows the thermal expansion coefficient and softening temperature of the sealing glass of the cover assembly of the explosion-proof primary lithium battery of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the compressive strength of the sealing glass.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an explosion-proof primary lithium battery cover assembly.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
the preparation method of the sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) selecting the following raw materials in percentage by mol:
SiO2：40％～60％
B2O3：10％～30％
Al2O3：0％～5％
BaO：5％～15％
Na2O：5％～15％
K2O：0％～5％
MgO：0％～5％
CaO：0％～5％
TiO2：0％～5％
ZrO2：0％～5％
ZnO：0％～5％
wherein, each oxide should contain various salts and acid-base compounds thereof;
2) mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the sealing glass is 70 × 10-7-140×10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 580-780 ℃;
height of sealing glass: sealing the hole by 0.2-0.8 times;
the compressive strength F of the sealing glass is 750N-3000N.
Explosion-proof lithium primary battery lid group, including stem 1 and casing 2, be equipped with through-hole 3 on the casing 2, stem 1 inserts in the through-hole 3 and run through-hole 3, seal-in the casing 2 and stem 1 through sealing glass 4, obtain explosion-proof lithium primary battery lid group.
The sealing process of the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery comprises the following steps:
1) the metal material of the shell body for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is stainless steel series, wherein the metal material comprises 304L, 316L and the like;
2) the stainless steel in the step 1) can be 304, 304L, 316L, but is not limited to the alloy grades;
3) the core column metal material metal for the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group is a series of iron-nickel alloys such as alloys 4J28, 4J50, 4J52 and the like;
4) the nickel-based alloy in the step 3) can be various alloys with the grades of 4J28, 4J50, 4J52 and the like, but is not limited to the alloys;
5) and putting the sealed metal shell, the glass blank and the core column together in a graphite mold to assemble a component to be sealed, putting the component in a chain type atmosphere sealing furnace, introducing protective gas into the furnace to prevent oxidation, quickly raising the temperature in the furnace to 800-1000 ℃, and preserving the temperature at 800-1000 ℃ for 15-45 min for sealing to obtain the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group.
The protective gas in the step 5) can be nitrogen, helium, argon and other inert gases; .
In the step 5), the height of the sealing glass is 0.2-0.8 times of that of the sealing hole; .
The sealing component obtained in the step 5) has electrolyte corrosion resistance, excellent electrochemical performance and controllable mechanical strength, and when the internal pressure of the battery is higher than the design pressure in the use process, namely the battery pressure is overloaded, the internal pressure of the battery is just up to the pressure-bearing strength of the glass material, so that the glass is cracked, the internal pressure of the battery is slowly released, and the battery is prevented from dangerous situations such as severe explosion.
Example 1:
1) the sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：40％、B2O3：30％、Al2O3：1％、BaO：10％、Na2O：9％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
coefficient of thermal expansion α of sealing glass 140 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 580 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.8 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F1500N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: the airtightness of the sealed product is measured to be less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 by using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
Example 2:
1) the sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：45％、B2O3：25％、Al2O3：1％、BaO：10％、Na2O：9％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the sealing glass is 125 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 630 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.8 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F1800N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: the airtightness of the sealed product is measured to be less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 by using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
Example 3
1) The sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：50％、B2O3：20％、Al2O3：2％、BaO：8％、Na2O：10％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
coefficient of thermal expansion α of sealing glass 112 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 675 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.8 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F is 2100N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: the airtightness of the sealed product is measured to be less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 by using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
Example 4
1) Cover group for explosion-proof lithium primary batteryThe sealing glass is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：55％、B2O3：15％、Al2O3：2％、BaO：9％、Na2O：9％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the sealing glass is 89 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 720 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.8 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F ═ 2500N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: the airtightness of the sealed product is measured to be less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 by using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
Example 5:
1) the sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：60％、B2O3：10％、Al2O3：3％、BaO：8％、Na2O：9％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the sealing glass is 70 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 780 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.8 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F is 3000N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: the airtightness of the sealed product is measured to be less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 by using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
Example 6:
1) the sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：55％、B2O3：15％、Al2O3：2％、BaO：9％、Na2O：9％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the sealing glass is 89 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 720 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.5 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F1300N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: using helium mass spectrometryLeak detector for measuring airtightness of sealed product to be less than or equal to 1 × 10-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
Example 7:
1) the sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：55％、B2O3：15％、Al2O3：2％、BaO：9％、Na2O：9％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the sealing glass is 89 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 720 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.2 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F1000N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: the airtightness of the sealed product is measured to be less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 by using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
Example 8:
1) the sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：40％、B2O3：30％、Al2O3：1％、BaO：10％、Na2O：9％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
coefficient of thermal expansion α of sealing glass 140 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 580 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.5 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F900N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: the airtightness of the sealed product is measured to be less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 by using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
Example 9:
1) the sealing glass for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is prepared from the following raw materials in molar mass ratio: SiO 22：40％、B2O3：30％、Al2O3：1％、BaO：10％、Na2O：9％、K2O：3％、MgO：2％、CaO：2％、TiO2：1％、ZrO2：1％、ZnO：1％。
2) Mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
coefficient of thermal expansion α of sealing glass 140 × 10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 580 ℃;
height of sealing glass: 0.2 times of sealing hole;
glass impact strength F-750N
The sealing glass is used for carrying out basic performance test on the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery by adopting the following method:
a. and (3) air tightness test: the airtightness of the sealed product is measured to be less than or equal to 1 multiplied by 10 by using a helium mass spectrometer leak detector-10Pa·m3·s-1；
b. And (3) testing the insulation resistance: the insulation property of the sealed product is measured by an ultrahigh resistance tester, the insulation resistance is 10G omega and is more than 100M omega/500V DC, and the high-temperature insulation property requirement of the product is met.
The principles and embodiments of the present invention have been explained herein using specific embodiments, which are merely used to help understand the method and its core ideas of the present invention; for those skilled in the art, the invention can be modified in the specific embodiments and applications according to the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the content of the present description should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The preparation method of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group sealing glass is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) selecting the following raw materials in percentage by mol:
SiO2：40％～60％，
B2O3：10％～30％，
Al2O3：0％～5％，
BaO：5％～15％，
Na2O：5％～10％，
K2O：0％～5％，
MgO：0％～5％，
CaO：0％～5％，
TiO2：0％～5％，
ZrO2：0％～5％，
ZnO：0％～5％，
wherein, each oxide should contain various salts and acid-base compounds thereof;
2) mixing and dispersing the raw materials in an ultra-high speed dispersion machine to uniformly mix and disperse various raw materials;
3) placing the uniformly mixed materials in a crucible, placing the crucible in a silicon-molybdenum furnace, heating the crucible from room temperature to 300-plus-600 ℃ at a heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min in an air atmosphere, preserving the heat at the temperature of 300-plus-600 ℃ for 30-60min to promote the decomposition of various salts and acid-base compounds, heating the crucible to 1500-plus-1700 ℃ at the heating rate of 8-10 ℃/min, and preserving the heat at the temperature of 1500-plus-1700 ℃ for 1-2 hours; stirring for several times during the process to enable the molten materials to be uniform, and obtaining molten glass after the molten materials are completely melted and clarified; pouring the glass liquid into cold distilled water, and performing water quenching to obtain glass slag;
4) placing the obtained glass broken slag in an oven, drying for 12 hours at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, placing the baked glass broken slag in a corundum ball milling tank, grinding for 4 hours at the rotating speed of 200-400r/min, and sieving by a 150-mesh sieve to obtain the special sealing glass powder for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery;
the coefficient of thermal expansion α of the sealing glass is 80 × 10-7-140×10-7/℃；
The softening temperature Ts of the sealing glass is 580-780 ℃;
height of sealing glass: sealing the hole by 0.2-0.8 times;
the compressive strength F of the sealing glass is 750N-3000N.
2. Explosion-proof lithium primary battery lid group which characterized in that: the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover assembly comprises a core column and a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a through hole, the core column is inserted into the through hole and penetrates through the through hole, and the shell and the core column are sealed through sealing glass to obtain the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover assembly.
3. The sealing process of the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) the metal material of the shell body for the cover group of the explosion-proof lithium primary battery is stainless steel series, wherein the metal material comprises 304L, 316L and the like;
2) the stainless steel in the step 1) can be 304, 304L, 316L, but is not limited to the alloy grades;
3) the core column metal material metal for the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group is a series of iron-nickel alloys such as alloys 4J28, 4J50, 4J52 and the like;
4) the nickel-based alloy in the step 3) can be various alloys with the grades of 4J28, 4J50, 4J52 and the like, but is not limited to the alloys;
5) and putting the sealed metal shell, the glass blank and the core column together in a graphite mold to assemble a component to be sealed, putting the component in a chain type atmosphere sealing furnace, introducing protective gas into the furnace to prevent oxidation, quickly raising the temperature in the furnace to 800-1000 ℃, and preserving the temperature at 800-1000 ℃ for 15-45 min for sealing to obtain the explosion-proof lithium primary battery cover group.
4. A process for sealing a cap assembly of an explosion-proof lithium primary cell according to claim 3, wherein: the protective gas in the step 5) can be nitrogen, helium, argon and other inert gases.
5. A process for sealing a cap assembly of an explosion-proof lithium primary cell according to claim 3, wherein: in the step 5), the height of the sealing glass is 0.2-0.8 times of that of the sealing hole.
6. A process for sealing a cap assembly of an explosion-proof lithium primary cell according to claim 3, wherein: the sealing component obtained in the step 5) has electrolyte corrosion resistance, excellent electrochemical performance and controllable mechanical strength, and when the internal pressure of the battery is higher than the design pressure in the use process, namely the battery pressure is overloaded, the internal pressure of the battery is just up to the pressure-bearing strength of the glass material, so that the glass is cracked, the internal pressure of the battery is slowly released, and the battery is prevented from dangerous situations such as severe explosion.
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| CN115108736A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-09-27 | 苏州大学 | Method for realizing laser sealing of glass and stainless steel by adding ZnO |
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