CN112689528A - 嘧啶基-杂芳氧基-萘基化合物和使用方法 - Google Patents
嘧啶基-杂芳氧基-萘基化合物和使用方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112689528A CN112689528A CN201980059264.5A CN201980059264A CN112689528A CN 112689528 A CN112689528 A CN 112689528A CN 201980059264 A CN201980059264 A CN 201980059264A CN 112689528 A CN112689528 A CN 112689528A
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Abstract
本文描述了用于治疗Ire1介导的疾病和癌症的嘧啶基‑杂芳氧基‑萘基化合物及其药用盐。
Description
相关专利申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2018年9月12日提交的中国国际申请序列号PCT/CN2018/105184的权益和优先权,该国际申请的全部内容据此通过引用方式并入。
背景技术
激酶/内切核糖核酸酶肌醇需要酶1(IRE1α)是内质网中可触发未折叠蛋白应答(UPR)的错误折叠蛋白积聚的关键传感器之一,是用于包括癌症在内的多种疾病的与IRE1α的激酶部分上的ATP结合位点结合并阻断其内切核糖核酸酶活性的抑制剂的潜在治疗靶标。IRE1α是跨膜双功能蛋白,并具有与错误折叠蛋白结合的腔结构域、跨膜片段、以及由激酶部分和串联内切核糖核酸酶结构域组成的胞质部分。结构-活性关系(SAR)研究导致化合物在重组IRE1α激酶筛选中具有选择性,并且对重组IRE1α以及细胞IRE1α的内切核糖核酸酶活性有效。IRE1α活性介导UPR的某些细胞保护功能和促存活功能,增加某些肿瘤细胞系的活力和生长,并且可为阻断恶性肿瘤生长的特定小分子抑制剂的有效治疗靶标,这与先前的报道相反(Harrington,P.E.等人(2015)ACS Med.Chem.Lett.6:68-72)。此外,IRE1α的抑制剂可用于治疗除癌症以外的其他类型的疾病,这些疾病包括某些自身免疫性、神经退行性、纤维化和代谢性疾患(Wang M.and Kaufman,R.J.(2016)Nature 529:326-335)。
内质网(ER)中蛋白折叠的稳态调节受三条关键细胞内信号传导通路的控制:IRE1α、PERK和ATF6共同调配未折叠蛋白应答(UPR)(Schroder,等人(2005)Mutat Res-Fund MolMech Metagenesis 569:29–63)。对ER中蛋白折叠的需求增加或某些类型的细胞损伤或应激导致ER中未折叠蛋白的积聚—这种情况称为ER应激。细胞通过激活UPR以帮助调节或保持其高保真蛋白合成能力来响应于ER应激(Walter,P.and Ron,D.(2011)Science,334:1081-1086)。IRE1α是UPR的三个分支中进化上最保守的。重要的是,UPR根据ER应激的严重程度和持续时间来决定细胞的生/死,最终结果是细胞存活和恢复、或程序性细胞死亡(细胞凋亡)(Sovolyova等人,(2014)Biol Chem 395:1-13)。UPR的所有三条通路均对未折叠蛋白的积聚形成协调反应;并且若干研究已表明,不同通路之间存在串扰(Yamamoto等人,J.Biochem.(2004)136:343-350);Arai等人,FEBS Letts.(2006)580:184-190;Adachi等人,Cell Struct.Func.(2008)33:75-89)。UPR的激活和ER应激可能由机械损伤、炎症、基因突变、感染、氧化应激、代谢应激、以及与恶性肿瘤相关联的其他类型的细胞应激引起。ER应激还牵涉引起内部器官纤维化重塑的疾病,诸如慢性肝病(Galligan等人,J.Toxicol.(2012)第2012卷,Article ID 207594,12页.;Shin等人,Cell Reports(2013)5:654-665;Ji,Int.J.Hepatol.(2014)第2014卷,Article ID 513787,11页)、肺纤维化(Baek等人,Am.J.Resp.Cell Mol.Bio.(2012)46:731-739;Tanjore等人,Biochim Biophys Acta(2012,online),(2013)1832:940-947)、肾纤维化(Chiang等人,Mol.Med.(2011)17:1295-1305)、心血管疾病(Spitler&Webb,Hypertension(2014)63:e40-e45)和炎性肠病(Bogaert等人,PLoS One(2011)6(10)e25589;Cao等人,Gastroent(2013)144:989-1000)。
IRE1α是一种具有胞质激酶和内切核糖核酸酶活性的跨膜双功能蛋白。提出IRE1α的N末端结构域以感测ER腔中未折叠蛋白的存在,从而触发胞质激酶结构域的激活,这继而激活C末端内切核糖核酸酶。IRE1α跨ER脂质双分子层传输信息(Tirasophon等人,Genes&Develop.(2000)14:2725-2736)。ER蛋白载量的增加和未折叠蛋白的存在导致ER分子伴侣GRP78/BiP从IRE1α分子解离,该IRE1α分子与错误折叠蛋白结合,然后在胞质激酶结构域中发生二聚化和反式自磷酸化。这导致细胞溶质中IRE1α内切核糖核酸酶部分的激活。IRE1α内切核糖核酸酶能够切割编码未剪接X盒蛋白1(XBP1u)的mRNA;这会切除26个核苷酸的内含子,并导致形成剪接XBP1(XBP1s)mRNA,该mRNA编码有效的转录因子。在转运至细胞核内之后,XBP1s蛋白与UPR启动子元件结合,以引发基因的转录,从而例如通过增强ER相关错误折叠蛋白的降解,以及通过升高支持ER中蛋白折叠的分子伴侣和二硫键异构酶的水平来增强ER处理未折叠蛋白的能力。IRE1α激活还与ER体积扩大相关联,这已解释为增加蛋白折叠能力的适应机制(Sriburi等人,J.Cell.Bio.(2004)167:35-41);(Chen,Y.(2013)TrendsCell Biol.,23,547-555)。此外,IRE1α内切核糖核酸酶在称为受调控型IRE1α依赖性mRNA衰变(RIDD)的过程中切割各种mRNA,这既减少了蛋白翻译,又减少了蛋白质向ER的输入,以帮助重建稳态(Hollien&Weissman,Science(2006)313:104-107)。在癌细胞中,IRE1α通过RIDD降低死亡受体5(DR5)的mRNA水平来抑制ER应激诱导的细胞凋亡(Lu等人,Science(2014)345:98-101)。
除了降解mRNA(Binet等人,Cell Metabol.(2013)17:353-371)之外,最近发现IRE1α也具有降解微型RNA(miR)的能力(Upton等人,Science(2012)338:818-822)。miR是由17-25个核苷酸组成的短非编码RNA寡核苷酸,并通常通过与靶标mRNA的30非翻译区中的互补序列结合来抑制基因表达,从而抑制mRNA翻译或诱导mRNA切割。miR调控许多细胞功能,诸如增殖、分化和细胞凋亡,并且在包括纤维化在内的多种人类疾病中观察到异常miR表达(Bowen等人,J.Pathol(2013)229:274-285)。最近已描述特异性靶向UPR各个组成部分的抑制剂。已发现,在IRE1a内切核糖核酸酶结构域中与赖氨酸907稳定结合的抑制剂4μ8C既抑制RIDD活性又抑制XBP-1剪接(Cross等人,Proc Natl.Acad.Sci.(2012)109:E869-E878)。高水平的4μ8C在细胞中不会引起可测量的毒性,并且80至128lM浓度范围内的4μ8C完全阻断XBP1剪接,而不会影响IRE1α(α)激酶活性(Cross等人,2012)。因此,当IRE1α敲除小鼠在胚胎发育期间死亡时,抑制剂4μ8C代表可描绘IRE1α在体内的功能的重要工具。在肝脏和皮肤纤维化的动物模型中,IRE1α的抑制作用可阻止肌成纤维细胞的激活并减少纤维化。IRE1α的药理抑制作用可恢复从硬皮病患者中分离出的激活肌成纤维细胞的促纤维化表型,并表明在开发用于治疗纤维化疾病的新策略时应考虑ER应激抑制剂(Heindryckx,F.等人(2016)EMBO Molecular Medicine第8(7)卷:729-744)。
对于具有非常高蛋白合成负担的分泌细胞起源的肿瘤如多发性骨髓瘤,已发现UPR的激活是重要的生存通路。因此,通过阻断IRE1α内切核糖核酸酶的切割和XBP1的激活来破坏UPR的尝试一直是癌症研究的活跃领域。作为特异性IRE1αRNase产品,XBP1s是功能性IRE1抑制的直接指标。一种有效且有选择性的IRE1α抑制剂将用作测试以下假设的重要工具:如果未完全UPR激活,肿瘤细胞将被驱动凋亡。IRE1α抑制剂和激活化合物已有报道(Harrington,P.E.等人(2015)ACS Med.Chem.Lett.6:68-72;Volkmann,K.,等人(2011)J.Biol.Chem.,286:12743-12755;Cross,B.C.S.,等人(2012)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.U.S.A.,109:E869-E878;Wang,L.,等人(2012)Nat.Chem.Biol.,8:982-989;Ghosh,R.,等人(2014)Cell,158:534-548;Ranatunga,S.,等人(2014)J.Med.Chem.,57,4289-4301;US 9382230;US 8815885)。
但仍然需要具有合适药理特性的有效且有选择性的抑制剂,用于治疗患者中本文所提供的癌症。
发明内容
本发明公开了靶向IRE1α的嘧啶基-杂芳氧基-萘基化合物、包含这些化合物的组合物、以及用于治疗本文所提供的癌症的方法。
在一个方面,提供了一种如本文所述的式(I)或式(II)的化合物或其药用盐。
在另一个方面,本文提供了一种如本文表1所示的化合物。
在另一个方面,本文提供了一种药物组合物,其包含如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐,以及一种或多种药用赋形剂。
在又一个方面,本文提供了一种用于治疗癌症的方法,其中该方法包括向患有癌症的患者施用有效量的如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐。
在又一个方面,本文提供了一种抑制或杀死表达Ire1的癌细胞的方法,其中该方法包括使表达Ire1的癌细胞与本文所述的化合物或其药用盐接触。
在又一个方面,本文提供了一种调节Ire1活性的方法,其中该方法包括使Ire1与本文所述的化合物或其药用盐接触。
本文进一步提供了本文所述的化合物或其药用盐在制造用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
本文所述的化合物或其药用盐可用于如本文所提供的用于治疗癌症的方法中。
还提供了一种用于治疗癌症的试剂盒,其中该试剂盒包含药物组合物以及使用说明,该药物组合物包含本文所述的化合物、或其药用盐。
具体实施方式
本文公开了式(I)和(II)的嘧啶基-杂芳氧基-萘基化合物,以及作为IRE1α的抑制剂或调节剂的其药物组合物。照此,该化合物和组合物可用于治疗由IRE1α介导的疾病和疾患。
尽管本文的公开内容提供了列举的实施例,但是应当理解,它们并不旨在将本发明限制于那些实施例。相反,本公开旨在涵盖可包括在如由权利要求书限定的本发明的范围内的所有替代、修改和等同形式。技术人员将认识到与本文所述的那些方法和材料类似或等同的许多方法和材料。本发明决不限于所述的方法和材料。如果所合并文献、专利和类似材料中的一者或多者与本申请不同或矛盾,包括但不限于定义的术语、术语用法、描述的技术或类似内容,以本申请为准。除非另外定义,否则本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语所具有的含义与本发明所属领域普通技术人员通常理解的含义相同。尽管可使用与本文上述类似或等同的方法和材料,但下文描述了在本发明中的实践或测试中的方法和材料。本文提及的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其他参考文献通过引用以其全文合并于本文。除非另有说明,否则本申请中使用的命名法是基于IUPAC系统命名法。
定义
如本文所用的“烷基”是指具有指定碳原子数(即C1-10表示一至十个碳原子)的饱和线性(即无支链)或支链单价烃链或其组合。特定的烷基基团为具有1至20个碳原子(“C1-20烷基”)、具有1至8个碳原子(“C1-8烷基”)、具有1至6个碳原子(“C1-6烷基”)、具有2至6个碳原子(“C2-6烷基”)或具有1至4个碳原子(“C1-4烷基”)的基团。烷基基团的示例包括但不限于诸如甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、异丁基、仲丁基、其同系物和异构体例如正戊基、正己基、正庚基、正辛基等的基团。
如本文所用的“烯基”是指具有至少一个烯属不饱和位点(即具有至少一个式C=C所示的部分)且具有指定碳原子数(即C2-10表示二至十个碳原子)的不饱和线性(即无支链)或支链单价烃链或其组合。该烯基基团可呈“顺式”或“反式”构型,或可替代地呈“E”或“Z”构型。特定的烯基基团为具有2至20个碳原子(“C2-20烯基”)、具有2至8个碳原子(“C2-8烯基”)、具有2至6个碳原子(“C2-6烯基”)或具有2至4个碳原子(“C2-4烯基”)的基团。烯基基团的示例包括但不限于诸如乙烯基(ethenyl或vinyl)、丙-1-烯基、丙-2-烯基(或烯丙基)、2-甲基丙-1-烯基、丁-1-烯基、丁-2-烯基、丁-3-烯基、丁-1,3-二烯基、2-甲基丁-1,3-二烯基、其同系物和异构体等的基团。
如本文所用的“炔基”是指具有至少一个炔属不饱和位点(即具有至少一个式C≡C所示的部分)且具有指定碳原子数(即C2-10表示二至十个碳原子)的不饱和线性(即无支链)或支链单价烃链或其组合。特定的炔基基团为具有2至20个碳原子(“C2-20炔基”)、具有2至8个碳原子(“C2-8炔基”)、具有2至6个碳原子(“C2-6炔基”)、具有2至4个碳原子(“C2-4炔基”)的基团。炔基基团的示例包括但不限于诸如乙炔基(ethynyl或acetylenyl)、丙-1-炔基、丙-2-炔基(或炔丙基)、丁-1-炔基、丁-2-炔基、丁-3-炔基、其同系物和异构体等的基团。
如本文所用的“亚烷基”是指与烷基相同但具有二价的残基。特定的亚烷基基团为具有1至6个碳原子(“C1-6亚烷基”)、1至5个碳原子(“C1-5亚烷基”)、具有1至4个碳原子(“C1-4亚烷基”)或1至3个碳原子(“C1-3亚烷基”)的基团。亚烷基的示例包括但不限于诸如亚甲基(-CH2-)、亚乙基(-CH2-CH2-)、亚丙基(-CH2-CH2-CH2-)、亚丁基(-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-)等的基团。
如本文所用的“环烷基”是指具有指定碳原子数(即C3-10表示三至十个碳原子)的非芳香族饱和或不饱和环状单价烃结构。环烷基可由一个环例如环己基组成,或由多个环例如金刚烷基(adamantly)组成,但不包括芳基基团。包含多于一个环的环烷基可为稠合、螺环或桥接的、或其组合。特定的环烷基基团为具有3至12个环形碳原子的基团。优选的环烷基为具有3至7个环形碳原子(“C3-8环烷基”)或具有3至6个碳原子(“C3-6环烷基”)的环烃。环烷基的示例包括但不限于、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、1-环己烯基、3-环己烯基、环己烷、降冰片基等。
如本文所用的“杂环烷基”是指如本文所定义的环烷基,其中环碳原子中的一个或多个环碳原子已被杂原子诸如例如氮、氧或硫替代。杂环烷基基团的代表性示例包括但不限于氮丙啶基、氮杂环丁烷基、氮杂环庚烷基、氧杂环丁烷基、吡咯烷基、咪唑烷基(例如,咪唑烷-4-酮基或咪唑烷-2,4-二酮基)、吡唑烷基、噻唑烷基、四氢噻吩基、四氢呋喃基、二氧杂环戊基(dioxolyl)、吡咯啉基、咪唑啉基、吡唑啉基、噻唑啉基、哌啶基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、哌嗪-2-酮基、吗啉基、硫代吗啉基、四氢吡喃基(例如,四氢-2H-吡喃基)、四氢硫代吡喃基、氧硫杂环己基(oxathianyl)、二氧基(dioxyl)、二硫杂环己基(dithianyl)、吡喃基、二氢二硫杂环已二烯基(dihydrodithiinyl)、1,4-二氧杂螺[4.5]癸烷基、高哌嗪基、奎宁环基和四氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮基团。
如本文所用的“芳基”是指具有单个环(例如,苯基)或多个稠合环(例如,萘基或蒽基)的不饱和芳香族碳环基团,该稠合环可为、也可不为芳香族的。特定的芳基基团为具有6至14个环形(即,环)碳原子(“C6-14芳基”)的基团。优选的芳基基团包括具有5至6个环碳的那些基团。具有多于一个环(其中至少一个环为非芳香族的)的芳基基团可在芳香环位置或在非芳香环位置连接至母结构。在一个变体中,具有多于一个环(其中至少一个环为非芳香族的)的芳基基团在芳香环位置连接至母结构。
如本文所用的“杂芳基”是指具有1至14个环形(即,环)碳原子和至少一个环形杂原子(包括但不限于诸如氮、磷、氧和硫等杂原子)的不饱和芳香族环状基团。杂芳基基团可具有单个环(例如,吡啶基、呋喃基)或多个稠合环(例如,吲嗪基、苯并噻吩基),该稠合环可为、或可不为芳香族的。特定的杂芳基基团为具有1至12个环形(即,环)碳原子和1至6个独立地选自氮、磷、氧和硫的环形(即,环)杂原子的5元至14元环;具有1至8个环形碳原子和1至4个独立地选自氮、磷、氧和硫的环形杂原子的5元至10元环;以及具有1至5个环形碳原子和1至4个独立地选自氮、氧和硫的环形杂原子的5元、6元或7元环。在一个变体中,杂芳基包含具有1至6个环形碳原子和1至4个独立地选自氮、氧和硫的环形杂原子的单环芳香族5元、6元或7元环。在另一变体中,杂芳基包括具有1至12个环形碳原子和1至6个独立地选自氮、磷、氧和硫的环形杂原子的多环芳香环。更进一步地,如本文所述的杂芳基可包括具有5或6个成员的环。具有多于一个环(其中至少一个环为非芳香族的)的杂芳基基团可在芳香环位置或在非芳香环位置连接至母结构。在一个变体中,具有多于一个环(其中至少一个环为非芳香族的)的杂芳基基团在芳香环位置连接至母结构。
“卤代”或“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴和/或碘。当残基被多于一个卤素取代时,这可通过使用与所连接的卤素部分的数量相对应的前缀来指代,例如,二卤代芳基、二卤代烷基、三卤代芳基等是指被两个(“二”)或三个(“三”)卤代基团取代的芳基和烷基,该卤代基团可以是、但不一定是相同的卤代;因此,4-氯-3-氟苯基在二卤代芳基的范围内。其中的一个或多个氢被卤代基团替代的烷基基团称为“卤代烷基”,例如C1-6卤代烷基。其中的每个氢均被卤代基团替代的烷基基团称为“全卤代烷基”。优选的全卤代烷基基团为三氟烷基(-CF3)。类似地,“全卤代烷氧基”是指这样的烷氧基基团,其中卤素替代了构成烷氧基基团的烷基部分的烃中的每个H。全卤代烷氧基基团的示例为三氟甲氧基(-OCF3)。
术语“治疗”是指治疗性治疗,其中目的是减慢(减轻)不期望的生理变化或疾患,诸如癌症的发展或扩散。有益或期望的临床结果包括但不限于症状缓解、疾病程度减轻、疾病状态稳定(即不恶化)、疾病进展延缓或减慢、疾病状态改善或减轻,以及缓解(无论部分还是完全缓解),无论可检测到还是不可检测到。与未接受治疗的预期生存期相比,“治疗”还可能意味着生存期延长。需要治疗的患者包括患有病症或疾患的患者。
短语“有效量”是指本文所述的化合物的量,其(i)治疗特定疾病、病症或疾患,(ii)减轻、改善或消除特定疾病、病症或疾患的一种或多种症状,(iii)预防或延缓本文所述的特定癌症的一种或多种症状的发作,或(iv)有利地改变患者对治疗的临床应答,其中抑制和有利度是相对于对照(例如未治疗或先前用诸如本文所述的抗癌剂的治疗)而言的。药物的治疗有效量可减少癌细胞数;减小肿瘤大小;抑制(即,在一定程度上减缓和优选地停止)癌细胞浸润周围器官;抑制(即,在一定程度上减缓和优选地停止)肿瘤转移;在一定程度上抑制肿瘤生长;和/或在一定程度上缓解癌症相关的一种或多种症状。在某种程度上,药物可阻止生长和/或杀死既存癌细胞,它可以抑制细胞生长和/或具有细胞毒性。对于癌症治疗,例如,可以通过评估疾病进展时间(TTP)和/或确定缓解率(RR)来衡量疗效。
术语“临床应答”是指抑制疾病进展、抑制肿瘤生长、减少原发性肿瘤、减轻肿瘤相关的症状、抑制肿瘤分泌因子(包括肿瘤分泌激素,诸如引发类癌瘤综合征的激素)、原发性或继发性肿瘤的出现延迟、原发性或继发性肿瘤的发展减慢、原发性或继发性肿瘤的发生减少、疾病的继发效应减慢或严重性降低、肿瘤生长停滞和肿瘤消退、进展时间(TTP)延长、无进展生存期(PFS)延长、总生存期(OS)延长等。如本文所用的OS是指从治疗开始到因任何原因死亡的时间。一般而言,临床应答是指本领域已知和理解的主要或次要的功效量度。可使用国际标准针对给定的状况评估如本文所述的治疗和临床应答。
如本文所用,术语“进展时间”或“TTP”是指从治疗开始到肿瘤进展的时间。
术语“无进展生存期”或“PFS”是指从治疗开始到肿瘤进展或死亡的时间。在一个实施例中,可使用Kaplan-Meier估计来计算PFS率。
本文所述患者的临床应答可表征为完全应答或部分应答。“完全应答”(CR)是指任何先前异常的影像学检查、骨髓和脑脊液(CSF)、或异常的单克隆蛋白测量结果正常后不存在可临床检测的癌症。“部分应答”(PR)是指所有可衡量的癌症负担(即存在于受试者中的恶性细胞的数量、或肿瘤块的测量体积或异常单克隆蛋白的量)减少至少约10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或90%。术语“治疗”包括完全应答和部分应答两者。
术语“患者”和“受试者”在本文中可互换使用,是指动物,包括但不限于诸如牛、猴、马、绵羊、猪、鸡、火鸡、鹌鹑、猫、狗、小鼠、大鼠、兔或豚鼠的动物,在一个实施例中是指哺乳动物,在另一个实施例中是指人。在一个实施例中,受试者是患有癌症(特别是本文所述的癌症)或处于患有癌症(特别是本文所述的癌症)风险的人。在一个实施例中,患者是患有组织学或细胞学证实的癌症的人,包括标准抗癌疗法时已有进展(或不能够耐受标准抗癌疗法)的受试者或不存在标准抗癌疗法的受试者。
术语“癌症”是指或描述哺乳动物中通常以细胞生长不受控制为特征的生理状况。“肿瘤”包含一个或多个癌细胞。癌症的示例包括但不限于癌、淋巴瘤、母细胞瘤、肉瘤和白血病或淋巴样恶性肿瘤。此类癌症的更特定示例包括鳞状细胞癌(例如上皮鳞状细胞癌);包括小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(“NSCLC”)、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞癌肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌、鳞状细胞肺癌(squamous cell lung cancer)的肺癌;腹膜癌;肝细胞癌(hepatocellularcancer);胃癌;胃肠癌;食道癌;胰腺癌;成胶质细胞瘤;宫颈癌;卵巢癌;肝癌;膀胱癌;乳腺癌;结肠癌;直肠癌;结肠直肠癌;子宫内膜癌;子宫癌;涎腺癌;肾癌;前列腺癌;外阴癌;甲状腺癌;肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC);肛门癌;阴茎癌;或头颈癌。
“血液系统恶性肿瘤”(英式拼写为"Haematological"malignancies)是影响血液、骨髓和淋巴结的癌症类型。由于这三者通过免疫系统紧密关联,因此影响这三者中的一者的疾病通常也会影响其他两者:虽然淋巴瘤是淋巴结的一种疾病,但它通常会扩散到骨髓,从而影响血液。血液系统恶性肿瘤是恶性肿瘤(即癌症),并且通常由血液学和/或肿瘤学方面的专家治疗。血液系统恶性肿瘤可来源于两种主要血细胞谱系:骨髓样和淋巴样细胞系。淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病和骨髓瘤来自淋巴样系,而急性和慢性骨髓性白血病、骨髓增生异常综合征和骨髓增生性疾病起源于骨髓。示例性白血病包括急性淋巴细胞性白血病(ALL)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、急性单核细胞性白血病(AMOL)和小淋巴细胞性淋巴瘤(SLL)。示例性淋巴瘤包括霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(所有四种亚型)和非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤(NHL,所有亚型)。
“抗癌剂”是可用于治疗癌症的化合物,而不管作用机制如何。抗癌剂的种类包括但不限于:烷化剂、抗代谢物、抗激素疗法、内分泌疗法、免疫调节剂、纺锤体毒素植物生物碱、细胞毒性/抗肿瘤抗生素、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、抗体、光敏剂和激酶抑制剂。抗癌剂包括用于靶向疗法和常规化学疗法的化合物。
示例性抗癌剂包括蛋白酶体抑制剂,诸如硼替佐米(VELCADE)、卡非佐米(KYPROLIS)和伊沙佐米(NINLARO)。其他示例包括免疫调节剂,诸如来那度胺(REVLIMID)和泊马度胺(POMALYST)。
其他示例性抗癌剂包括B细胞受体靶标的抑制剂诸如BTK、Bcl-2和JAK抑制剂,并且包括例如维奈托克(VENCLEXTA)和依鲁替尼(IMBRUVICA)。
其他抗癌剂包括例如阿贝西利(VERZENIO);阿比特龙(ZYTIGA,YONSA);阿柔比星;阿西维辛;阿考达唑;阿克罗宁;放线菌素;酰基富烯;阿地培诺(adecypenol);阿多来新;阿霉素;阿地白介素;六甲蜜胺;氨莫司汀;安波霉素;阿美蒽醌;阿米多司(amidox);氨磷汀;氨鲁米特;氨基乙酰丙酸;氨柔比星;安吖啶;阿那格雷;阿那曲唑;穿心莲内酯;安雷利克斯(antarelix);氨茴霉素;甘氨酸阿非迪霉素;无嘌呤核酸;ARRY-300;阿糖胞苷;曲林菌素;阿苏拉林(asulacrine);阿他美坦;阿莫司汀;阿扎司琼(azasetron);阿扎毒素(azatoxin);重氮酪氨酸;阿扎胞苷;AZD6244;AZD8330;阿扎替派;阿佐霉素;巴拉醇(balanol);巴马司他;苯达莫司汀;苯并二氢卟吩(benzochlorins);苯佐替派(benzodopa);苯甲酰星孢菌素(benzoylstaurosporine);β-阿立辛(beta-alethine);β-克拉霉素(betaclamycin B);桦木酸;比卡鲁胺;比尼替尼(binimetinib);比生群;二氮丙啶精胺(bisaziridinylspermine);双奈法德;双曲汀(bistratene);博来霉素(bleomycin);白消安(busulfan);比折来新;布雷福特(breflate);硼替佐米;布喹那;溴匹立明;布朵替坦;丁硫因(buthionine);苔藓抑素;放线菌素C(cactinomycin);卡普睾酮;钙泊三醇;钙磷酸蛋白C;喜树碱;卡培他滨(XELODA);卡醋胺(caracemide);卡贝替姆;卡铂(carboplatin);卡波醌;卡莫司汀;卡柔比星;卡折来新;粟树精胺(castanospermine);塞来昔布;西曲瑞克;西妥昔单抗(ERBITUX);氯代喹喔啉;西卡前列素;苯丁酸氮芥(chlorambucil);氯融合蛋白(chlorofusin);顺铂;克拉屈滨;氯米芬;克霉唑;克雷斯托;克雷斯托;赛普霉素(cypemycin);环磷酰胺;阿糖胞苷;细胞生长抑制素(cytostatin);达卡巴嗪;放线菌素D;达雷木单抗(daratumamab);道诺霉素;氮烯咪胺;达昔单抗;达沙替尼;地西他滨;地洛瑞林(deslorelin);地塞米松;右异环磷酰胺;右雷佐生;右维拉帕米;右奥马铂;地扎胍宁;地吖醌(diaziquone);二氢紫杉醇;廿二烷醇;多拉司琼;多西他赛;阿霉素;去氧氟尿苷;屈洛昔芬;屈他雄酮;屈大麻酚;偶氮霉素;依布硒啉;依考莫司汀;依地福新;依决洛单抗;依达曲沙;依氟鸟氨酸(eflornithine);榄香烯;乙嘧替氟;依沙芦星;恩洛铂;恩普氨酯;依匹哌啶;表柔比星;爱普列特;厄布洛唑;埃罗替尼(TARCEVA);依索比星;雌莫司汀;依他硝唑;依托泊苷;氯苯乙嘧胺;依西美坦;法倔唑;法扎拉滨;芬维A胺;非格司亭;非那雄胺;夫拉平度(flavopiridol);氟卓斯汀;氟海星酮(fluasterone);氟尿苷;氟达拉滨;氟达拉滨;氟柔红霉素(fluorodaunorubicin);福酚美克;福美司坦;氟尿嘧啶;氟尿苷(floxouridine);氟西他滨;磷喹酮;福司曲星;福莫司汀;氟维司群(FASLODEX);钆;镓;加洛他滨;加尼瑞克;吉西他滨;格尔德霉素;吉非替尼;棉子酚(gossyphol);羟基脲;亥舒凡(hepsulfam);调节蛋白(heregulin);伊班膦酸盐;依鲁替尼;伊达比星;艾代拉里斯(ZYDELIG)、异环磷酰胺;堪佛司非米德(canfosfamide);伊莫福新;异丙铂;艾多昔芬;伊决孟酮;伊莫福新;伊洛马司他;甲磺酸伊马替尼(GLEEVEC);咪喹莫特;碘苄胍;碘阿霉素;甘薯黑斑霉醇;伊立替康;伊他司琼;伊莫福新(iimofosine);兰瑞肽;拉帕替尼(TYKERB);雷拉霉素;来格司亭;香菇多糖;乐普他汀(leptolstatin);来曲唑;亮丙瑞林;左旋咪唑;利阿唑;洛铂;蚓磷脂;洛美曲索;氯尼达明;洛那法尼(SARASAR);洛索蒽醌;洛伐他汀;洛索立宾;勒托替康;拉帕替尼;甲酰四氢叶酸;洛美曲索;洛莫司丁;美坦辛;马马司他;马索罗酚;乳腺丝抑蛋白;美诺立尔;美巴龙(merbarone);美替瑞林(meterelin);蛋氨酸酶;胃复安;米非司酮;米替福新;米立司亭;米托胍腙;二溴卫矛醇;米托萘胺;米托蒽醌;莫法罗汀;莫拉司亭;莫哌达醇;美登素;醋酸甲地孕酮;醋酸美伦孕酮;美法仑;巯嘌呤;甲氨蝶呤;甲氨蝶呤钠;氯苯氨啶;美乌替派;米丁丝裂霉素(mitinmitomycin);丝裂帕菌素;米托坦;米托蒽醌;霉酚酸;那法瑞林;那瑞替喷(nagrestip);纳帕维(napavin);奈达铂;奈莫柔比星;奈立膦酸;尼鲁米特;尼沙霉素(nisamycin);奥利默森(GENASENSE);奥曲肽;奥克恩(okicenone);奥那司酮;昂丹司琼;奥马铂;奥昔舒仑;奥沙利铂(oxaloplatin);奥沙特隆;奥沙利铂(oxaliplatin);奥沙霉素(oxaunomycin);钯铵;帕博西尼(IBRANCE);帕尼单抗(VECTIBIX);帕诺米芬;培门冬酶;溶链菌(picibanil);吡柔比星;吡曲克辛;强的松;泼尼松龙、紫杉醇;白蛋白结合型紫杉醇(ABRAXANE);泼尼莫司汀;丙卡巴肼;嘌呤霉素;雷替曲塞;雷莫司琼;雷帕霉素(RAPAMUNE);根霉素;瑞博西尼(KISQALI)、利妥昔单抗;罗谷亚胺;罗希吐碱;罗莫肽;罗喹美克;罗米地辛;沙芬戈;沙因托品(saintopin);沙格司亭;司莫司汀;西佐喃;索布佐生;索拉非尼(NEXAVAR);舒尼替尼;螺莫司汀;角鲨胺;苏拉蒂斯塔(suradista);苏拉明;苦马豆素;螺铂;链霉黑素;链脲菌素;磺氯苯脲;他莫司汀;他莫西芬;牛磺莫司汀;他扎罗汀;吡喃碲(tellurapyrylium);替莫泊芬;替莫唑胺;替尼泊苷;四氯十氧化物;替唑明(tetrazomine);促血小板生成素;胸腺法新;胸腺曲南;替拉扎明;托瑞米芬;维甲酸;三甲曲沙;曲普瑞林;托烷司琼;他利霉素;泰索帝;替罗昔隆;睾内酯;硫咪嘌呤;噻替派;替拉扎明;托瑞米芬;曲妥珠单抗;曲妥珠单抗-美坦新偶联物;醋酸曲托龙;磷酸曲西立宾;三甲曲沙;乌拉莫司汀;凡德他尼(CAPRELSA);凡瑞林B(variolin B);维拉雷琐;藜芦胺;维替泊芬;维莫非尼;长春瑞滨;维萨汀(vinxaltine);维他欣(vitaxin);长春花碱;长春新碱;长春地辛;长春匹定;长春甘酯;长春罗新;长春瑞滨;长春罗定;长春利定;伏氯唑;渥曼青霉素;扎诺特隆;折尼铂;亚苄维C;净司他丁斯酯(zinostatinstimalamer);净司他丁;和佐柔比星。
在一些实施例中,抗癌剂包括例如艾代拉里斯(ZYDELIG)、多西他赛、氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨(GEMZAR)、顺铂、顺式二胺、卡铂、紫杉醇、蛋白结合型紫杉醇、曲妥珠单抗(HERCEPTIN)、替莫唑胺、他莫昔芬、4-羟基他莫昔芬和阿霉素。
抗癌剂的定义还包括:(i)抗雌激素药和选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERM),包括例如他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬、4-羟基他莫昔芬、曲沃昔芬、酮昔芬(ketoxifene)、LY117018、奥那司酮和枸橼酸托瑞米芬;(ii)选择性雌激素受体调节剂(SERD),诸如布莱恩司群(brilanestrant)、GDC-0927、GDC-9545、AZ9496、AZ9833、GNE-274和氟维司群(FASLODEX);(iii)芳香酶抑制剂,诸如例如4(5)-咪唑类、氨鲁米特、醋酸甲地孕酮、依西美坦、福美司坦(formestane)、法曲唑(fadrozole)、伏氯唑、来曲唑和阿那曲唑;(iv)抗雄激素药,诸如阿帕鲁胺、阿比特龙、恩杂鲁胺、氟他胺、尼鲁米特、比卡鲁胺、亮丙瑞林和戈舍瑞林;
抗癌剂的定义中进一步包括:(iv)MEK抑制剂,诸如考比替尼;(v)脂质激酶抑制剂,诸如他塞利西布(taselisib);(vi)反义寡核苷酸,诸如奥利默森(oblimersen);(vii)核酶,诸如VEGF表达抑制剂诸如血管酶(angiozyme);(viii)疫苗,诸如基因治疗疫苗,例如ALLOVECTIN、LEUVECTIN和VAXID;(ix)拓扑异构酶1抑制剂,诸如LURTOTECAN;ABARELIXrmRH;以及(x)抗血管生成剂,诸如贝伐单抗。
在本文的一些实施例中,抗癌剂是治疗性抗体,例如阿特珠单抗、纳武单抗、达雷木单抗、派姆单抗、阿仑单抗、贝伐单抗;西妥昔单抗;帕尼单抗、利妥昔单抗、帕妥珠单抗、曲妥珠单抗、曲妥珠单抗-美坦新偶联物或托西莫单抗。
“代谢物”为通过特定化合物或其盐在体内代谢产生的产物。化合物的代谢物可使用常规技术来鉴定,并且其活性可使用诸如本文所述的测试来确定。此类产物可以例如由所施用的化合物的氧化、还原、水解、酰胺化、脱酰胺、酯化、脱酯、酶促裂解等产生。因此,本文进一步提供了本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的代谢物,包括通过以下方法产生的化合物:使本文所述的化合物或其药用盐与哺乳动物接触足以得到其代谢产物的一段时间。
术语“包装说明书”用于指治疗产品的商业包装中通常包括的说明,其含有涉及此类治疗产品的使用的有关适应症、用法、剂量、施用、禁忌症和/或警告的信息。
术语“手性”是指具有与镜像配偶体不重叠性的分子,而术语“非手性”是指与其镜像配偶体可重叠的分子。
术语“立体异构体”是指具有相同化学组成,但原子或基团在空间的排列不同的化合物。
“非对映异构体”表示具有两个或更多个手性中心并且其分子并非彼此镜像的立体异构体。非对映异构体具有不同的物理性质,例如熔点、沸点、光谱特性和反应性。非对映异构体的混合物可以在高分辨率分析程序(诸如电泳和色谱法)下分离。
“对映异构体”是指化合物的两种立体异构体,所述两种立体异构体是彼此不可重叠的镜像。
本文所用的立体化学定义和惯例通常遵循S.P.Parker编辑McGraw-HillDictionary of Chemical Terms(1984)McGraw-Hill Book Company,New York;和Eliel,E.and Wilen,S.,“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”,John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994。如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐可含有不对称或手性中心,因此以不同的立体异构形式存在。本文旨在包括如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的所有立体异构形式,包括但不限于非对映异构体、对映异构体和阻转异构体,以及它们的混合物诸如外消旋混合物。许多有机化合物以旋光活性形式存在,即它们具有旋转平面偏振光平面的能力。在描述光学活性化合物时,前缀D和L或R和S用于表示分子围绕其手性中心的绝对构型。前缀d和l或(+)和(-)用于表示化合物对平面偏振光的旋转的符号,其中(-)或1表示该化合物是左旋的。带有(+)或d前缀的化合物是右旋的。对于既定化学结构,这些立体异构体除了互为镜像外,是完全相同的。特定的立体异构体也可以被称为对映异构体,并且此类异构体的混合物通常被称为对映异构体混合物。对映异构体的50:50混合物称为外消旋混合物或外消旋物,其可以在化学反应或过程中没有立体选择或立体特异性的情况下发生。术语“外消旋混合物”和“外消旋物”是指两种无旋光活性的对映体种类的等摩尔混合物。可通过手性分离方法诸如超临界流体色谱(SFC)从外消旋混合物分离对映异构体。在立体化学诸如从x射线晶体学数据明确地构建之前,在已分离立体异构体手性中心处的构型分配可以是暂定的,在表1结构中为了例示性说明目的而描述。
术语“互变异构体”或“互变异构形式”是指通过低能垒相互转化的具有不同能量的结构异构体。例如,质子互变异构体(也称为质子异变的互变异构体)包括经由质子迁移的相互转化,诸如酮-烯醇和亚胺-烯胺异构化。价互变异构体包括通过一些键合电子的重组而进行的相互转化。
术语“药用盐”表示在生物学上或其他方面不是不期望的盐。“药用盐”包括酸加成盐和碱加成盐。短语“药用的”表示物质或组合物必须与包含制剂的其他成分和/或用以治疗的哺乳动物在化学和/或毒理学上相容。
术语“药用酸加成盐”表示与无机酸和有机酸形成的那些药用盐,该无机酸为诸如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、碳酸、磷酸,该有机酸选自脂肪族、脂环族、芳香族、芳基-脂族、杂环、羧酸和磺酸类的有机酸,诸如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、葡萄糖酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、苹果酸、马来酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、天冬氨酸、抗坏血酸、谷氨酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、双氢萘酸、苯乙酸、甲磺酸(methanesulfonic acid或mesylate)、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸和水杨酸。
术语“药用碱加成盐”表示与有机或无机碱形成的那些药用盐。可接受的无机碱的示例包括钠、钾、铵、钙、镁、铁、锌、铜、锰和铝盐。衍生自药用有机无毒碱的盐包括以下物质的盐:伯胺、仲胺和叔胺;取代胺(包括天然存在的取代胺);环胺和碱性离子交换树脂(诸如异丙胺、三甲胺、二乙胺、三乙胺、三丙胺、乙醇胺、2-二乙氨基乙醇、三羟甲基氨基甲烷(trimethamine)、二环己胺,赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、咖啡因、普鲁卡因、哈胺(hydrabamine)、胆碱、甜菜碱、乙二胺、葡糖胺、甲基葡糖胺、可可碱、嘌呤、哌嗪、哌啶、N-乙基哌啶和多胺树脂)。
“溶剂化物”是指一种或多种溶剂分子与如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的缔合物或复合物。形成溶剂化物的溶剂的示例包括但不限于水(即水合物)、异丙醇、乙醇、甲醇、DMSO、乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)、乙酸(AcOH)和乙醇胺。
术语“EC50”是半最大有效浓度并表示在体内获得最大特定效果的50%所需的特定化合物的血浆浓度。
术语“Ki”是抑制常数,并且表示特定抑制剂与受体的绝对结合亲和力。它使用竞争结合测定进行测量,并且等于如果不存在竞争性配体(例如放射性配体),则特定抑制剂占据受体的50%时的浓度。Ki值可呈对数地转化为pKi值(-log Ki),其中,数值越大表示效力呈指数级地越高。
术语“IC50”是半最大抑制浓度并表示在体外获得对生物学过程的50%抑制所需的特定化合物的浓度。IC50值可对数地转化为pIC50值(-log IC50),其中,数值越大表示效力指数级地越高。IC50值不是绝对值,而是取决于实验条件例如所采用的浓度,并且可使用Cheng-Prusoff方程(Biochem.Pharmacol.(1973)22:3099)转化为绝对抑制常数(Ki)。可计算其他百分比抑制参数,诸如IC70、IC90等。
本文给出的任何式或结构(包括式I化合物)旨在代表化合物的未标记形式以及同位素标记形式。同位素标记的化合物具有由本文给出的式所描述的结构,不同之处在于一个或多个原子被具有选定原子质量或质量数的原子替代。可掺入到如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐中的同位素的示例包括氢、碳、氮、氧、磷、氟和氯的同位素,诸如但不限于2H(氘,D)、3H(氚)、11C、13C、14C、15N、18F、31P、32P、35S、36Cl和125I。如本文所述的各种同位素标记的化合物或其药用盐,例如其中掺入放射性同位素(诸如3H和14C)的那些化合物或其药用盐。此类同位素标记的化合物可用于代谢研究、反应动力学研究、检测或成像技术诸如正电子发射断层扫描(PET)或单光子发射计算机断层扫描(SPECT),包括药物或底物组织分布测定,或患者的放射性治疗。如本文所述的氘标记或取代的治疗性化合物或其药用盐可具有与分布、代谢和排泄(ADME)相关的改善的DMPK(药物代谢和药代动力学)特性。用较重的同位素诸如氘取代可提供由于代谢稳定性更高(例如,体内半衰期延长或所需剂量减少)而带来的某些治疗优势。18F标记的化合物可用于PET或SPECT研究。如本文所述的同位素标记的化合物或其药用盐通常可通过执行下述方案中、或实施例和制备中公开的程序来制备,方法是用容易获得的同位素标记的试剂取代非同位素标记的试剂。此外,用较重的同位素,特别是氘(即,2H或D)取代可提供由于代谢稳定性更高(例如,体内半衰期延长或所需剂量减少或治疗指标提高)而带来的某些治疗优势。应当理解,在此上下文中,认为氘是式(I)的化合物中的取代基。此类较重同位素,特别是氘的浓度可由同位素浓缩因子来定义。在如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐中,未特别指定为特定同位素的任何原子意在表示该原子的任何稳定同位素。除非另有说明,否则当将位置特别指定为“H”或“氢”时,该位置应被理解为在其天然丰度同位素组成中具有氢。因此,在如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐中,任何特别指定为氘(D)的原子均意在表示氘。
嘧啶基-杂芳氧基-萘基
本文提供了具有式(I)或式(II)的化合物;
或其药用盐,
其中,
R1为氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-C7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂环烷基;
R2为氢、卤素、-CN、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基;
R3为-L1-R1、氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
R4为-L2-R9-、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
R5为氢、卤素、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
每个R6独立地为氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-ORa、-NRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-SRa、-S(O)2Ra、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基、-SO2(C1-6烷基)、或-SO2(C1-6卤代烷基);
R7为氢、卤素、-CN、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、或R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基;
每个R8独立地为氢、卤素、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
R9为氢、卤素、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-C7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂环烷基;
每个R10独立地为卤素、-N3、-CF3、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R11-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R11-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R11-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R11-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R11-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R11-取代或未取代的5至6元杂芳基;
每个R11独立地为卤素、-N3、-CF3、-CCl3、-CBr3、-CI3、-CN、-CHO、-OH、-NH2、-COOH、-CONH2、-NO2、-SH、-SO2Cl、-SO3H、-SO4H、-SO2NH2、未取代的C1-6烷基、未取代的2至6元杂烷基、未取代的C3-7环烷基、未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、未取代的C5-6芳基、或未取代的5至6元杂芳基;
每个R12独立地为氢、卤素、NPG、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
L1为-NHSO2-、-NHC(O)-、NHCO(O)-、-NHC(O)NH-、-NH-、-O-、-S-、或-SO2-;
L2为-NHSO2-、-NHC(O)-、NHCO(O)-、-NHC(O)NH-、-NH-、-O-、-S-、或-SO2-;
每个Ra和Rb独立地为氢、未取代的C1-6烷基、未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、未取代的C1-6烷氧基、未取代的C2-6烯基、未取代的C2-6炔基、未取代的C3-7环烷基、未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、未取代的C5-6芳基、或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
m为1或2;
n为1或2;
p为1、2、3、4、5或6;以及
环A为C3-6环烷基、3至6元杂环烷基、C5-6芳基、或5或6元杂芳基。
在本文提供的另一方面,化合物为包含式(I)的化合物。在本文提供的另一方面,化合物为包含式(II)的化合物。
在一个实施例中,环A包含3至6元杂环烷基。在某些实施例中,其中环A包含3至6元杂环烷基。在另一个实施例中,环A为6元杂环烷基。在又一个实施例中,环A为包含一个或多个氮原子的6元杂环烷基。在又一个实施例中,环A为氮杂环丁烷基(lazetidinyl)、氧杂环丁烷基、吡咯基、呋喃基、吡啶基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、嘧啶基、哒嗪基(pyridazinyl)、四氢吡喃基或吡喃基。在一个实施例中,环A为哌啶基。
在某些实施例中,每个R12独立地为卤素或C1-3烷基。在一个实施例中,每个R12独立地为卤素(例如F或Cl)。在另一个实施例中,每个R12独立地为F,其中n为1或2。在另一个实施例中,每个R12独立地为甲基,其中n为1或2。在又一个实施例中,n为2,其中每个R12独立地为F和甲基。在此类实施例中,两个R12部分在环A上可为偕的。在另一个实施例中,环A为在3-位取代的哌啶基。
在一个实施例中,环A具有以下结构:
在一个实施例中,环A具有以下结构:
在一个实施例中,环A具有以下结构:
R2可为氢、卤素或-CN。在另一个实施例中,R2为R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基。在一个实施例中,R2为氢或未取代的C1-3烷基。在一个实施例中,R2为氢。在一个实施例中,R2为甲基。
R3可为氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb,其中Ra和Rb如本文所定义。在一个实施例中,Ra和Rb独立地为氢或甲基。在一个实施例中,R3为R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基。在另一个实施例中,R3为R10-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂芳基。在一个实施例中,R3为氢。在另一个实施例中,R3为甲基。
在另一个实施例中,R3为-L1-R1。在此类实施例中,L1为-NHS(O)2-或-NHC(O)-。R1可为氢、卤素、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-C7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂环烷基。在一个实施例中,当R3为-L1-R1时,L1为-NHS(O)2-或-NHC(O)-,并且R1为R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-C7环烷基、或R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基。
R4可为卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb,其中Ra和Rb如本文所定义。在一个实施例中,Ra和Rb独立地为氢或甲基。在另一个实施例中,R4为R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基。在又一个实施例中,R4为R10-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂芳基。
在本文提供的一个方面,R4为-L2-R9-。在一个实施例中,L2为-NHSO2-、-NHC(O)-。在另一个实施例中,L2为-NH-、-O-、-S-、或-SO2-。在一个实施例中,L2为-NHSO2-。在另一个实施例中,L2为-NHC(O)-。当R4为-L2-R9-时,R9可为R10-取代的苯基,并且R10为卤素。在一个实施例中,R9为被一个Cl或F取代的苯基。在另一个实施例中,R9为被2个卤素(例如Cl或F)二取代的苯基。
在另一个实施例中,当R4为-L2-R9-时,R9为R10-取代或未取代的C3-6 环烷基。在一个实施例中,R9 为未取代的 C3-6 环烷基。在另一个实施例中,R9为未取代的环丙烷基(cyclopropanyl)。
在另一个实施例中,当R4为-L2-R9-时,R9为2至6元未取代的卤代烷基。在一个实施例中,R9为4元未取代的卤代烷基,其中卤素原子为Cl或F。在另一个实施例中,R9为3,3-二氟丁基。
在另一个实施例中,当R4为-L2-R9-时,R9为R10-取代或未取代的C1-3 烷基。在一个实施例中,在另一个实施例中,R9 为未取代的 C1-3 烷基。在又一个实施例中,R9为甲基或丙基。
在一个实施例中,每个R10独立地为卤素、-N3、-CF3、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、或-P(O)RaRb,其中Ra和Rb如本文所定义。在一个实施例中,Ra和Rb独立地为氢或甲基。在另一个实施例中,R10为R11-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R11-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基。在又一个实施例中,R10为R11-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R11-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R11-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R11-取代或未取代的5至6元杂芳基。
在一个实施例中,每个R11独立地为卤素、-N3、-CF3、-CCl3、-CBr3、-CI3、-CN、-CHO、-OH、-NH2、-COOH、-CONH2、-NO2、-SH、-SO2Cl、-SO3H、-SO4H、或-SO2NH2。在另一个实施例中,每个R11独立地为未取代的C1-6烷基、未取代的2至6元杂烷基、未取代的C3-7环烷基、未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、未取代的C5-6芳基、或未取代的5至6元杂芳基。在一个实施例中,每个R11独立地为卤素。在另一个实施例中,每个R11独立地为-OH、-NH2、-COOH、-CONH2、或-SH。在另一个实施例中,每个R11独立地为未取代的C1-6烷基(例如甲基、乙基或丙基)。在另一个实施例中,每个R11独立地为未取代的C3-7环烷基或未取代的C5-6芳基。例如,每个R11可独立地为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、或苯基。
在一个实施例中,R5为氢或卤素。在另一个实施例中,R5为R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基。在另一个实施例中,R5为氢。在又一个实施例中,R5为未取代的C1-3烷基。在又一个实施例中,R5为甲基。在又一个实施例中,R5为卤素(例如,Cl或F)。
在一个实施例中,每个R6独立地为氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-ORa、-NRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-SRa、-S(O)2Ra或-P(O)RaRb。在另一个实施例中,每个R6独立地为R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基。在另一个实施例中,每个R6独立地为R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基、-SO2(C1-6烷基)、或-SO2(C1-6卤代烷基)。在一个实施例中,每个R6独立地为氢。在另一个实施例中,每个R6独立地为卤素(例如Cl或F)。在另一个实施例中,每个R6独立地为-CN。在又一个实施例中,每个R6独立地为R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基。在一个实施例中,每个R6独立地为甲基。在实施例中,m为1。
在一个实施例中,R7为氢、卤素、-CN、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基。在另一个实施例中,R7为R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基。在又一个实施例中,R7为R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基。在某些实施例中,R7为氢。在一个实施例中,R7为卤素(例如F或Cl)。在一个实施例中,R7为甲基。在另一个实施例中,R7为未取代的环丙基。
在一个实施例中,每个R8独立地为氢或卤素。在另一个实施例中,每个R8独立地为R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基。在某些实施例中,每个R8独立地为氢。在一个实施例中,每个R8独立地为F。在另一个实施例中,每个R8独立地为甲基。在一个实施例中,n为1。
在一个实施例中,每个R12独立地为氢、卤素或氮保护基团(NPG)。在另一个实施例中,每个R12独立地为R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基。在一个实施例中,NPG包括例如叔丁氧羰基(Boc)、9-芴基甲氧基羰基(Fmoc)、苄氧基羰基(Cbz)、三苯甲基(Trt)或烯丙氧羰基(Alloc)、α,α-二甲基-3,5-二甲氧基苄氧基羰基(Ddz)、2-(4-二苯基)异丙氧基羰基(Bpoc)、2-硝基苯基亚磺酰基(Nps)、2-(4-硝基苯基磺酰基)乙氧基羰基(Nsc)、1,1-二氧代苯并[b]噻吩-2-基甲基氧基羰基(Bsmoc)、-(1-(4,4-二甲基-2,6-二氧代环己-1-基亚基)-3-乙基)(Dde)、四氯邻苯二甲酰基(TCP)、2-[苯基(甲基)锍基]乙氧基羰基四氟硼酸根(Pms)、乙磺酰基乙氧基羰基(Esc)、2-(4-磺苯基磺酰基)乙氧基羰基(Sps)、2,4-二硝基苯磺酰基(dNBS)、苯并噻唑-2-磺酰基(Bts)、-2,2,2-三氯乙氧基羰基(Troc)、或对硝基苄氧羰基(pNZ)。在一个实施例中,NPG为Boc。在另一个实施例中,NPG为三苯甲基(Trt)、α,α-二甲基-3,5-二甲氧基苄氧基羰基(Ddz)、2-(4-联苯基)异丙氧基羰基(Bpoc)或2-硝基苯基亚磺酰基(Nps)。
在另一个方面,本文提供了具有下式的化合物:
其中R2、R3、R4、R5、R6、R7、R8、R12、m、n、p和环A如本文所定义。
在某些实施例中,式(I)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R4、R5、R12、p和环A如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(I)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R4、R5、R12、p和环A如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(I)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R3、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R12、m、n、p和环A如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(I)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R3、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R12、m、n、p和环A如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(I)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R3、R5、R9、R12和p如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(I)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R3、R5、R9、R12和p如本文所定义。
本文也提供了具有下式的式(II)的化合物:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R4、R5、R12、p和环A如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(II)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R4、R5、R12和p如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(II)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R3、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R12、m、n、p和环A如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(II)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R3、R5、R6、R7、R8、R9、R12、m、n、p和环A如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(II)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R3、R5、R9、R12和p如本文所定义。
在另一个实施例中,式(II)的化合物具有下式:
或其药用盐,其中R2、R3、R5、R9、R12和p如本文所定义。
在一个实施例中,式(I)或式(II)的化合物是表1中列出的化合物。应当理解,各个对映异构体和非对映异构体按化合物编号和化合物名称包含在下表中,并且可以很容易地由此确定其相应结构。在一些情况下,对映异构体或非对映异构体通过其各自的特性来鉴定,例如,在手性HPLC上的保留时间或其生物活性。
表1
因此,在另一方面,本文提供了选自表1的化合物或其药用盐。
在一个实施例中,式(I)或式(II)的化合物是表2中列出的化合物。应当理解,各个对映异构体和非对映异构体按化合物编号和化合物名称包含在下表中,并且可以很容易地由此确定其相应结构。在一些例子中,对映异构体或非对映异构体通过其各自的特性(例如在手性HPLC上的保留时间或其生物学活性)来鉴定,并且任意指定手性中心的绝对立体构型。
表2:
因此,在另一方面,本文提供了选自表2的化合物或其药用盐。
化合物的制备
本文所述的化合物可通过以下合成路线合成,该合成路线包括(特别是鉴于本文所包含的描述)类似于化学领域众所周知的过程,以及用于以下文献中描述的其他杂环的那些过程:Comprehensive Heterocyclic Chemistry II,Editors Katritzky and Rees,Elsevier,1997,例如第3卷;Liebigs Annalen der Chemie,(9):1910-16,(1985);Helvetica Chimica Acta,41:1052-60,(1958);Arzneimittel-Forschung,40(12):1328-31,(1990),这些文献中的每一篇文献通过引用方式明确地并入本文。起始材料通常可从商业来源获得,诸如Aldrich Chemicals(Milwaukee,WI),或易于使用方法制备(例如,通过以下文献通常所述的方法来制备:Louis F.Fieser and Mary Fieser,Reagents forOrganic Synthesis,v.1-23,Wiley,N.Y.(1967-2006编辑),或Beilsteins Handbuch derorganischen Chemie,4,Aufl.编辑Springer-Verlag,Berlin,包括增刊(还通过Beilstein在线数据库获得))。式I化合物也可按照可见于US 8476434、US 7880000、WO 2005/113494、US 7868177和WO 2007/100646中的程序来制备。
可用于合成本文所述的化合物以及必要的试剂和中间体的合成化学转化和保护基方法(保护和脱保护)包括例如R.Larock,Comprehensive Organic Transformations,VCH Publishers(1989);T.W.Greene and P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in OrganicSynthesis,第3版,John Wiley and Sons(1999);and L.Paquette编辑,Encyclopedia ofReagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons(1995)及其后续版本中所述的那些。
本文所述的化合物可单独制备或作为包括至少2种,例如,5至1,000种化合物或10至100种化合物的化合物文库制备。包含本文所述化合物的文库可通过组合“拆分和混合”方法或使用例如溶液相或固相化学方法通过多次平行合成来制备。因此,根据本文提供的进一步方面是包含至少2种本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的化合物文库。
示例提供了用于制备本文所述的化合物的示例性方法。本领域的技术人员应理解,可使用其他合成路线来合成本文所述的化合物。尽管在示例中描述和讨论了特定的起始材料和试剂,但是可容易替代为其他起始材料和试剂以提供各种衍生物和/或反应条件。此外,鉴于本公开内容,可使用常规化学方法进一步修饰通过所述方法制备的许多示例性化合物。
在制备本文所述的化合物时,可能需要保护中间体的远端官能团(例如,伯胺或仲胺)。此类保护的需求将根据远端官能度的性质以及制备方法的条件而有所不同。合适的氨基保护基团包括乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、叔丁氧羰基(BOC)、苄氧羰基(CBz)和9-芴基亚甲基氧羰基(Fmoc)。可容易地确定对此类保护的需要。有关保护基团及其用途的常规说明,参见T.W.Greene,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,John Wiley&Sons,New York,1991。
在本文所述的制备化合物的方法中,有利的是将反应产物彼此和/或与起始原料分离。通过本领域常见的技术将每个步骤或一系列步骤的期望产物分离和/或纯化至期望的均一度。通常此类分离涉及多相萃取、从溶剂或溶剂混合物结晶、蒸馏、升华、或色谱法。色谱法可涉及任意种方法,包括例如:反相和正相色谱法;尺寸排阻色谱法;离子交换色谱法;高压、中压和低压液相色谱方法和装置;小规模分析性色谱法;模拟移动床(SMB)和制备型薄层或厚层色谱法,以及小规模薄层法和快速色谱法技术。
另一类分离方法涉及用试剂处理混合物,选择所述试剂以与期望的产物、未反应的起始材料、反应副产物等结合或以其他方式使期望的产物、未反应的起始材料、反应副产物等为可分离的。此类试剂包括吸附剂或吸收剂,诸如活性炭、分子筛、离子交换介质等。可替代地,所述试剂可以是酸(在碱性材料的情况下);碱(在酸性材料的情况下);结合试剂诸如抗体、结合蛋白、选择性螯合剂诸如冠醚;液/液离子萃取试剂(LIX)等。合适的分离方法的选择取决于所涉及材料的性质,诸如蒸馏和升华的沸点和分子量、色谱法中是否存在极性官能团、多相萃取中酸性和碱性介质中材料的稳定性,等等。
可通过方法诸如通过色谱法和/或分级结晶,基于非对映异构体的物理化学性质差异,将非对映异构体的混合物分离为其单独的非对映异构体。对映异构体可通过如下方式分离:通过使对映异构体的混合物与适当的光学活性化合物(例如手性助剂,诸如手性醇或Mosher酸性氯化物)反应,将对映异构体的混合物转化为非对映异构体的混合物,分离非对映异构体,并将个别的非对映异构体转化(例如水解)为相应的纯对映异构体。同样,如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐中的一些可为阻转异构体(例如,取代的联芳基)并包括在本文中。对映异构体也可使用手性HPLC柱来分离。
单一的立体异构体,例如基本上不含其立体异构体的对映异构体,可通过如下方式获得:通过使用诸如形成非对映异构体的方法,使用光学活性拆分剂来拆分外消旋混合物(Eliel,E.and Wilen,S.“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds,”John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,New York,1994;Lochmuller,C.H.,(1975)J.Chromatogr.,113(3):283-302)。如本文所述的手性化合物或其药用盐的外消旋混合物可通过任何合适的方法来分离和离析,这些方法包括:(1)与手性化合物形成离子性非对映异构盐,并通过分级结晶或其他方法来分离;(2)与手性衍生试剂形成非对映异构化合物,分离所述非对映异构体,并转化为纯立体异构体;以及(3)在手性条件下对基本上纯的或富集的立体异构体进行直接分离。参见:“Drug Stereochemistry,Analytical Methods and Pharmacology,”Irving W.Wainer编辑,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York(1993)。
根据方法(1),非对映异构盐可通过如下方式形成:使对映异构纯的手性碱诸如马钱子碱(brucine)、奎宁、麻黄碱、番木鳖碱(strychnine)、α-甲基-β-苯基乙胺(安非他明)等与带有酸性官能团诸如羧酸和磺酸的不对称化合物反应。可通过分级结晶或离子色谱法来诱导非对映异构盐分离。对于分离氨基化合物的光学异构体而言,手性羧酸或磺酸诸如樟脑磺酸、酒石酸、扁桃酸或乳酸的加入可引起非对映异构盐的形成。
可替代地,通过方法(2),使待分离的底物与手性化合物的一种对映异构体反应以形成非对映异构体对(E.and Wilen,S.“Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds”,JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,1994,p.322)。非对映异构化合物可通过如下方式形成:使不对称化合物与对映异构纯的手性衍生试剂诸如薄荷基衍生物反应,之后分离非对映异构体并水解,以得到纯的或富集的对映异构体。确定光学纯度的方法涉及制备外消旋混合物的手性酯,诸如薄荷基酯,例如在碱的存在下制备(-)氯甲酸薄荷基酯,或Mosher酯、α-甲氧基-α-(三氟甲基)苯基乙酸酯(Jacob III.J.Org.Chem.(1982)47:4165),并分析1H NMR光谱以确定两种阻转异构的对映异构体或非对映异构体的存在。阻转异构化合物的稳定非对映异构体可通过正相和反相色谱法,按照用于分离阻转异构的萘基-异喹啉的方法(WO 96/15111)进行分离和离析。通过方法(3),两种对映异构体的外消旋混合物可通过使用手性固定相的色谱法进行分离(“Chiral Liquid Chromatography”(1989)W.J.Lough编辑Chapman and Hall,New York;Okamoto,J.Chromatogr.,(1990)513:375-378)。富集的或纯化的对映异构体可通过用于辨别带有不对称碳原子的其他手性分子的方法(诸如旋光性或圆二色性)进行辨别。
生物评估
可通过测定每种化合物以预定程度抑制活性的浓度,然后将结果进行比较来确定式(I)或式(II)化合物作为酶活性(或其他生物活性)抑制剂的相对功效。通常,优选的测定是在生化测定中抑制50%活性的浓度,即50%抑制浓度或“IC50”。IC50值的测定可使用常规技术完成。一般而言,可通过在所研究的一定浓度范围抑制剂的存在下测量给定酶的活性来确定IC50。然后将通过实验获得的酶活性值相对所用抑制剂浓度作图。将显示50%酶活性(与不存在任何抑制剂时的活性相比)的抑制剂浓度作为IC50值。类似地,可通过适当测定活性来限定其他抑制浓度。例如,在某些情况下,可能希望确定90%抑制浓度,即IC90等。
IRE1αRNase活性的抑制是通过一种酶测定确定的,该酶测定测量XBP1茎环被自身磷酸化的IRE1α的切割。选择该测定形式以确保将鉴定出IRE1α激酶或RNase结构域的抑制剂。抑制RNase活性不一定需要与ATP口袋结合并抑制IRE1α激酶活性。还可通过直接测量XBP1(B-DNA测定)或通过定量HT1080 XBP1-Luc中的萤光素酶信号来在细胞测定中对化合物进行分析,其中该HT1080 XBP1-Luc携带的萤光素酶融合蛋白仅处于框内并从剪接的XBP1转录本表达。在IRE1α酶和XPB1-Luc测定中,本文所述的化合物(例如表1中的化合物)表现出活性。
式(I)或式(II)化合物的细胞增殖、细胞毒性和细胞活力可通过CellTiter-发光细胞活力测定(Promega Corp.)来测量。CellTiter-发光细胞活力测定是一种均相的方法,可基于对存在的ATP(代谢活性细胞的指标)的定量来确定培养物中的活细胞数量。CellTiter-测定被设计用于多孔格式,这使其非常适合自动化高通量筛选(HTS)、细胞增殖和细胞毒性测定。均相测定程序涉及将单一试剂(CellTiter-试剂)直接加入在补充有血清的培养基中培养的细胞中。不需要细胞洗涤、去除培养基和多个移液步骤。加入试剂并混合后,系统在10分钟内以384孔格式检测到少至15个细胞/孔。
式(I)或式(II)化合物的生物活性通过IRE1生化结合测定(实例7)、生化RNase测定(实例8)、细胞PD测定、XBP1s-LUC报告分子(实例9)和基于IRE1α的多发性骨髓瘤(MM)抑制细胞增殖测定来测量。
化合物的施用
本文所述的化合物可通过适合于待治疗病症的任何途径施用。合适的途径包括口服、肠胃外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内、动脉内、皮内、鞘内和硬膜外)、透皮、直肠、鼻部、局部(包括颊面和舌下)、阴道、腹膜内、肺内和鼻内。对于局部免疫抑制治疗,可通过病灶内施用来施用化合物,包括在移植前灌注或以其他方式使移植物与抑制剂接触。应当理解,优选的途径可随着例如接受者的病症而变化。在口服施用化合物的情况下,可将该化合物与药用载体或赋形剂配制成丸剂、胶囊、片剂等。在肠胃外施用化合物的情况下,可将该化合物与药用肠胃外媒介物以单位剂量注射形式配制,如下所详述。
因此,在一个方面,本文提供了一种药物组合物,其包含如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐,以及一种或多种药用赋形剂。在一个实施例中,本文所述的化合物作为能够口服或胃肠外施用给受试者的药物组合物施用。可将本文所述的化合物配制成用于局部或肠胃外用途,其中将化合物溶解或以其他方式悬浮在适于注射的溶液、混悬剂、糖浆剂、乳膏、软膏、凝胶剂、喷雾剂、溶液和乳剂中。
口服施用可促进患者服用化合物(例如配制成药物组合物)的依从性,从而增加依从性和功效。包含本文所述化合物的口服药物组合物包括但不限于(例如,包衣的、未包衣的和可咀嚼的)片剂和胶囊(例如,硬明胶胶囊、软明胶胶囊、肠溶包衣胶囊和缓释胶囊)。可通过直接压片、通过湿法制粒、或通过干法制粒来制备片剂。可配制包含本文所述化合物的口服药物组合物以延迟或延长释放。
治疗人类患者的式(I)或式(II)化合物的剂量可在约10mg至约1000mg的范围内。化合物的典型剂量可为约100mg至约300mg。可每天一次(QID)、每天两次(BID)或更频繁地施用某一剂量,具体取决于药代动力学和药效学特性,包括具体化合物的吸收、分布、代谢和排泄。另外,毒性因素可能影响剂量和施用方案。口服施用时,丸剂、胶囊或片剂可在指定的时间段内每天或以更低的频率摄入。该方案可重复进行多个治疗周期。
治疗方法
在本文提供的一个方面,本文提供的化合物可用于治疗癌症。癌症可能与未折叠蛋白应答(UPR)通路有关。因此,本文提供了通过向患有癌症的患者施用有效量的本文所述化合物或其药用盐来治疗癌症的方法。应当理解,本文提供的方法包括施用被配制为本文所示药物组合物的化合物或其药用盐。
本文提供的方法包括治疗实体瘤/癌症。例如,本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的施用可针对患有以下疾病的患者执行:乳腺癌、卵巢癌、宫颈癌、前列腺癌、睾丸癌、泌尿生殖道癌、食道癌、喉癌、成胶质细胞瘤、成神经细胞瘤、胃癌、皮肤癌、角化棘皮瘤、肺癌、表皮样癌、大细胞癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、小细胞癌、肺腺癌、骨癌、结肠癌、腺瘤、胰腺癌、腺癌、甲状腺癌、滤泡癌、未分化癌、乳头状癌、精原细胞瘤、黑素瘤、肉瘤、膀胱癌、肝癌和胆道、肾癌、颊腔癌、鼻咽癌、咽癌、唇癌、舌癌、口腔癌、小肠癌、结肠直肠癌、大肠癌、直肠癌、支气管癌、肝细胞癌、胃肿瘤、子宫内膜癌、黑素瘤、肾癌、膀胱癌、子宫体癌和子宫颈癌。
在另一个实施例中,本文提供的方法包括通过向患有癌症的患者施用有效量的化合物或其药用盐来治疗癌症,其中癌症包括鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌、鳞状细胞肺癌、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌、胃肠癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌、涎腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肛门癌、阴茎癌、或头颈癌。
在某些实施例中,癌症为乳腺癌。如本领域所理解的,乳腺癌可以是I、II、III或IV期。在一个实施例中,乳腺癌是三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。在另一个实施例中,乳腺癌是Her2阴性乳腺癌。
本文提供的另一个方面是治疗血液癌症的方法,诸如例如淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病(急性(ALL)和慢性(CLL))、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、骨髓增生性疾病(MPD)或非霍奇金淋巴瘤。在一个实施例中,本文的方法包括通过施用有效量的本文所述的化合物来治疗淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、或骨髓增生性疾病(MPD)。
在一个实施例中,是一种通过向患有MM的患者施用有效量的本文所述的化合物来治疗MM的方法。
在一个实施例中,癌症是Ire1介导的癌症(即相对于对照具有Ire1的异常表达或活性的癌症)。在一个实施例中,Ire1介导的癌症具有增加的Ire1表达。在另一个实施例中,Ire1介导的癌症具有增加的Ire1活性。可相对于对照测量此类增加(例如相对于具有预定Ire1功能、表达、活性的患者;或例如在用本文所述的化合物或其药用盐治疗之前、期间或之后在单名患者中测量)。
因此,本文提供的一个方面是通过施用本文所述的化合物或其药用盐来在具有异常水平的Ire1活性的人类或动物患者中治疗由此类异常水平的Ire1活性引起的疾病的方法。疾病可能是由于Ire1活性过低或过高引起的。例如,疾病可能由于Ire1活性不足或由于异常高的Ire1活性(例如,Ire1的过度活跃)引起。该方法包括向患者施用治疗有效量的Ire1调节剂式(I)或式(II)化合物。
Ire1活性不足是指与特定受试者或健康受试者群体中Ire1活性的正常水平相比Ire1活性的量有所降低。Ire1活性量的降低导致错误折叠蛋白的量积聚过多,从而引发疾病状态。
Ire1过度活跃是指与特定受试者或健康受试者群体中Ire1活性的正常水平相比Ire1活性的量有所增加。Ire1活性量的增加可导致例如过量的细胞增殖,从而引发疾病状态。
在一个实施例中,疾病与Ire1活性不足相关联。此类疾病包括但不限于囊性纤维化、色素性视网膜炎、糖尿病或神经退行性疾病。神经退行性疾病可包括亚历山大病、阿尔珀斯病(Alper's disease)、阿尔兹海默病、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、共济失调毛细血管扩张症、巴腾病(也称为Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjogren-Batten疾病)、牛海绵状脑病(BSF)、卡纳万病、科凯恩氏综合征、皮质基底节变性、克雅二氏症、亨廷顿氏病、HIV相关痴呆、肯尼迪病、克腊伯氏病(Krabbe's disease)、路易体痴呆、马查多-约瑟夫病(脊髓小脑共济失调3型)、多发性硬化症、多系统萎缩症、发作性睡病(Narcolepsy)、神经型莱姆疏螺旋体症(Neuroborreliosis)、帕金森病、佩梅病、匹克氏病(Pick's disease)、原发性侧索硬化症、朊病毒病、雷弗素姆氏病、桑德霍夫氏病(Sandhoff's disease)、希尔德氏病(Schilder'sdisease)、恶性贫血继发的脊髓亚急性联合变性、精神分裂症、脊髓小脑性共济失调(具有不同特征的多种类型)、脊髓性肌萎缩症、三氏病(Steele-Richardson-Olszewski疾病)、或脊髓痨。
在其他实施例中,疾病与异常高的Ire1相关联。此类疾病包括但不限于癌症、炎性疾病和自身免疫性疾病。示例性癌症包括但不限于乳腺癌和多发性骨髓瘤。在一个实施例中,疾病是多发性骨髓瘤。在一个实施例中,疾病是三阴性乳腺癌。示例性炎性疾病包括但不限于哮喘、慢性炎症、慢性前列腺炎、肾小球肾炎、过敏症、炎性肠病、盆腔炎性疾病;再灌注损伤、类风湿关节炎、移植排斥反应和血管炎。示例性自身免疫疾病包括但不限于XBP1有关的克隆氏症、乳糜泄、1型糖尿病(IDDM)、系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)、干燥综合征、查格-施特劳斯综合征、桥本氏甲状腺炎、格雷夫斯氏病、特发性血小板减少性紫癜,以及类风湿关节炎。在一个实施例中,疾病是XBP1有关的克罗恩病(Crohn's disease)。
本文提供的一个方面是一种通过施用有效量的本文所述化合物或其药用盐来治疗动脉粥样硬化或动脉粥样硬化进展的方法。在一个实施例中,施用本文所述的化合物或其药用盐减少了动脉粥样硬化病变中巨噬细胞的数量。在一些实施例中,可以在不改变细胞凋亡状态的情况下实现此类减少。在另一个实施例中,施用如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐会抑制或减少IL-1β、CCL2和趋化因子受体2的产生。
药物制剂
可根据标准药学实践将如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐配制为药物组合物。因此,本文进一步提供了一种药物组合物,其包含化合物或其药用盐,以及一种或多种药用赋形剂。
典型的制剂通过将如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐与赋形剂混合来制备。合适的载体、稀释剂和赋形剂包括但不限于诸如碳水化合物、蜡、水溶性和/或可溶胀的聚合物、亲水或疏水材料、明胶、油、溶剂、水等材料。所使用的特定赋形剂将取决于施用如本文所述化合物或其药用盐的方式和目的。一般而言,基于公认的可安全地施用于哺乳动物的溶剂(GRAS)来选择溶剂。通常,安全溶剂是无毒的水性溶剂,例如水和其他可溶于水或与水混溶的无毒溶剂。合适的水性溶剂包括水、乙醇、丙二醇、聚乙二醇(例如PEG 400、PEG 300)等及其混合物。制剂还可包含一种或多种缓冲剂、稳定剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、乳化剂、悬浮剂、防腐剂、抗氧化剂、不透明剂、助流剂、加工助剂、着色剂、甜味剂、加香剂、调味剂和其他已知的添加剂,以提供美观的药物(即,本文所述的化合物或其药物组合物)展示或有助于药物产品(例如,药物)的制备。
可以使用常规的溶解和混合程序来制备制剂。例如,在上述一种或多种赋形剂的存在下,将原料药(即,如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐、或其稳定形式(例如,与环糊精衍生物或其他已知的络合剂的复合物))溶解在合适的溶剂中。如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐通常配制成药用剂型,以提供易于控制的药物剂量,并使患者能遵从处方方案。
根据用于施用药物的方法,可以多种方式包装用于施用的药物组合物(或制剂)。通常,用于分配的物品包括其中以适当形式沉积有药物制剂的容器。合适的容器包括诸如瓶(塑料和玻璃)、小药囊、安瓿瓶、塑料袋、金属圆筒等的材料。容器还可包括防篡改(tamper-proof)组件,以防止不慎接触包装的内容物。另外,容器上设置有描述容器内容物的标签。标签上还可包括适当的警告。
可将如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的药物制剂制备成用于各种施用途径和施用类型。例如,具有期望纯度的如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐可任选地与一种或多种药用赋形剂(Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences(1980)第16版,Osol,A.编辑)以冻干制剂、研磨粉末或水溶液的形式混合。可通过在环境温度下以适当的pH值和期望的纯度与生理上可接受的载体(即,在所采用的剂量和浓度下对受体无毒的载体)混合以进行配制。制剂的pH主要取决于化合物的特定用途和浓度,但是可在约3至约8的范围内。例如,在pH 5的乙酸盐缓冲剂中配制可为一个合适的实施例。
药物组合物通常可作为固体组合物、冻干制剂或作为水溶液储存。
本文所述的药物组合物可按符合良好医疗实践的方式,即用量、浓度、时间表、疗程、媒介物和施用途径来配制、给药和施用。在这种情况下需要考虑的因素包括所治疗的特定疾患、所治疗的特定哺乳动物、个体患者的临床病症、疾患的原因、药剂的递送部位、施用方法、施用的时间安排,以及执业医师已知的其他因素。要施用的化合物的有效量将受到这些考虑因素的影响,并且是改善或治疗过度增生性疾病所必需的最小量。
一般来说,肠胃外施用的抑制剂的每剂初始药学有效量将在每天约0.01至100mg/kg即约0.1至20mg/kg患者体重的范围内,并且所使用的化合物的典型初始范围是0.3至15mg/kg/天。
可接受的药用赋形剂在使用的剂量和浓度下对受体无毒,并且包括缓冲剂,诸如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐和其他有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸和蛋氨酸;防腐剂(诸如十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵;氯化六甲双铵;苯扎氯铵;苄索氯铵;苯酚、丁醇或苄醇;对羟基苯甲酸烷基酯,诸如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯;儿茶酚;间苯二酚;环己醇;3-戊醇;和间甲酚);低分子量(少于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白质,诸如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物,诸如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,诸如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖和其他碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂,诸如EDTA;糖,诸如蔗糖、甘露醇、海藻糖或山梨糖醇;成盐抗衡离子,诸如钠;金属络合物(例如,锌蛋白络合物);和/或非离子表面活性剂,诸如TWEENTM、PLURONICSTM或聚乙二醇(PEG)。活性药物成分可包裹于例如通过凝聚技术或通过界面聚合制备的微胶囊(例如,分别为羟甲基纤维素或明胶微胶囊和聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)微胶囊)中,被包裹于胶体药物递送系统(例如,脂质体、白蛋白微球、微乳剂、纳米粒子和纳米胶囊)中或粗乳液中。此类技术公开于Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences第16版,Osol,A.编辑(1980)中。
可制备如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的缓释制剂。缓释制剂的合适示例包括含有如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的固态疏水聚合物的半透性基质,该基质是例如膜或微胶囊等成型制品的形式。缓释基质的示例包括聚酯、水凝胶(例如,聚(2-羟乙基-甲基丙烯酸酯)或聚(乙烯醇))、聚乳酸(US 3773919)、L-谷氨酸和γ-乙基-L-谷氨酸的共聚物、不可降解的乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、可降解的乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物,诸如LUPRON DEPOTTM(由乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和醋酸亮丙瑞林组成的可注射微球)以及聚-D-(-)-3-羟基丁酸。
该制剂包括适合于本文详述的施用途径的制剂。制剂可方便地以单位剂量的形式存在,并且可通过任何方法制备。技术和配方一般载于Remington's PharmaceuticalSciences(Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,PA)中。这样的方法包括使活性成分与构成一种或多种辅助成分的载体缔合的步骤。一般而言,制剂的制备方法是使活性成分与液态载体或细分的固体载体或二者均匀而紧密地结合,然后,如有必要,将产物成型。
如本文所述的适合口服施用的化合物或其药用盐的制剂可制备成离散的单位,诸如丸剂、胶囊、扁囊或片剂,每个单位均含有预定量的此类化合物或其药用盐。可以通过在合适的机器中将自由流动形式(例如粉末或颗粒,可选地与粘合剂、润滑剂、惰性稀释剂、防腐剂、表面活性剂或分散剂混合)的活性成分压缩来制备压制的片剂。模制片剂可以通过在合适的机器中模制用惰性液体稀释剂润湿的粉状活性成分的混合物来制备。片剂可以可选地被包衣或刻痕,并且可以可选地被配制以提供活性成分从其中的缓慢或受控释放。可以制备片剂、口含片、锭剂、水性或油性悬浮液、可分散的粉剂或颗粒剂、乳剂、硬胶囊或软胶囊,例如明胶胶囊,糖浆或酏剂用于口服。如本文所述的用于口服的化合物或其药用盐的制剂可根据用于制备药物组合物的任何方法来制备,并且此类组合物可含有一种或多种制剂,包括甜味剂、调味剂、着色剂和防腐剂以提供可口的制剂。包含与适合于制备片剂的无毒药用赋形剂混合的活性成分的片剂是可接受的。这些赋形剂可以是例如惰性稀释剂,例如碳酸钙或碳酸钠、乳糖、磷酸钙或磷酸钠;制粒和崩解剂,例如玉米淀粉或海藻酸;粘合剂,例如淀粉、明胶或阿拉伯胶;润滑剂,例如硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸或滑石粉。片剂可以是不包衣的,也可以通过包括微囊化在内的已知技术进行包衣,以延迟在胃肠道中的崩解和吸收,从而在更长的时间内提供持续的作用。例如,可以使用延时材料,例如单独或与蜡一起使用的单硬脂酸甘油酯或二硬脂酸甘油酯。
为了治疗眼睛或其他外部组织(例如口腔和皮肤),该制剂优选以局部软膏或乳膏剂的形式施用,其含有例如0.075%w/w至20%w/w含量的活性成分。当配制成软膏时,活性成分可与石蜡或与水混溶的软膏基质一起使用。可替代地,可以将活性成分与水包油乳膏基质一起配制成乳膏。如果需要,乳膏基质的水相可包括多元醇,即具有两个或更多个羟基基团的醇,例如丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、甘露醇、山梨糖醇、甘油和聚乙二醇(包括PEG 400)及其混合物。局部制剂可以期望地包括增强活性成分通过皮肤或其他受影响区域的吸收或渗透的化合物。此类皮肤渗透促进剂的示例包括二甲基亚砜和相关类似物。本文提供组合物的乳液的油相可由已知成分以已知方式构成。尽管该相可以仅包含乳化剂,但是期望地包含至少一种乳化剂与脂肪或油或与脂肪和油两者的混合物。优选地,将亲水性乳化剂与亲脂性乳化剂一起用作稳定剂。还优选同时包括油和脂肪。具有或不具有稳定剂的乳化剂一起构成所谓的乳化蜡,并且蜡与油和脂肪一起构成所谓的乳化软膏基质,形成乳膏制剂的油性分散相。适用于本文所述制剂的乳化剂和乳液稳定剂包括60、80、鲸蜡硬脂醇、苄醇、肉豆蔻醇、单硬脂酸甘油酯和十二烷基硫酸钠。
包含如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的水性悬浮液可含有与适合于制备水性悬浮液的赋形剂混合的活性物质。这样的赋形剂包括悬浮剂,例如羧甲基纤维素钠、交联羧甲基纤维素、聚维酮、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄芪胶和阿拉伯胶,以及分散剂或湿润剂,例如天然存在的磷脂(例如卵磷脂)、环氧烷与脂肪酸的缩合产物(例如,聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)、环氧乙烷与长链脂族醇的缩合产物(例如,十七烷乙烯氧基鲸醇)、环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪的偏酯和己糖醇酐的缩合产物(例如,聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯)。水性悬浮液还可含有一种或多种防腐剂诸如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯、一种或多种着色剂、一种或多种调味剂,以及一种或多种甜味剂诸如蔗糖或糖精。
如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的药物组合物可为无菌注射制剂的形式,诸如无菌注射水性或油质悬浮液。该悬浮液可使用上面已经提到的合适的分散剂或湿润剂和悬浮剂来配制。无菌注射制剂还可以是在无毒的肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液或混悬液,例如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液,或制成冻干粉。可以使用的可接受的媒介物和溶剂是水、林格氏溶液和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌不挥发油常规上可以用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此,可以使用任何温和的不挥发性油,包括合成的甘油单酯或甘油二酯。另外,脂肪酸如油酸同样可以用于注射剂的制备中。
可与载体材料组合以产生单一剂型的活性成分的量将根据所治疗的宿主和特定的施用方式而变化。例如,用于人口服施用的延时释放制剂可含有约1至1000mg与适当和方便量的载体物质复配的活性物质,该载体物质可占总组合物的约5%至约95%(重量:重量)。可以制备药物组合物以提供易于测量的施用量。例如,用于静脉内输注的水溶液可以每毫升溶液包含约3至500μg的活性成分,以便可以约30mL/hr的速率输注合适的体积。
适于肠胃外施用的制剂包括水性和非水性无菌注射溶液,其可以含有抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和溶质,从而使制剂与预期接受者的血液等渗,以及水性和非水性无菌悬浮液,其可以包括悬浮剂和增稠剂。
适用于局部施用于眼睛的制剂还包括滴眼剂,其中活性成分溶解或悬浮在合适的载体中,尤其是活性成分的水性溶剂中。活性成分优选以约0.5%w/w至20%w/w,例如约0.5%w/w至10%w/w,例如约1.5%w/w的浓度存在于此类制剂中。
适于在口腔内局部施用的制剂包括在调味基料(通常是蔗糖和阿拉伯胶或黄芪胶)中包含活性成分的锭剂;在惰性基料(例如明胶和甘油,或蔗糖和阿拉伯胶)中包含活性成分的含片;以及在合适的液体载体中包含活性成分的漱口水。
直肠施用的制剂可以用包含例如可可脂或水杨酸酯的合适的基质呈现为栓剂。
适于肺内或鼻腔施用的制剂具有例如在0.1至500微米的范围内的粒径(包括以0.5微米、1微米、30微米、35微米等增量在0.1微米至500微米的范围内的粒径),可通过鼻腔快速吸入或通过嘴部吸入达到肺泡囊。合适的制剂包括活性成分的水性或油性溶液。适于气雾剂或干粉剂施用的制剂可根据常规方法制备,并且可与其他治疗剂,例如迄今为止如下所述用于治疗或预防疾患的化合物一起递送。
适于阴道施用的制剂可以呈现为阴道栓、棉塞、乳膏、凝胶、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂,除活性成分外还含有认为适当的载体。
制剂可以包装在单位剂量或多剂量容器中,例如密封的安瓿瓶和小瓶中,并且可以在冷冻干燥(冻干)条件下储存,仅需要在使用前添加注射用无菌液体载体,例如水。临时注射溶液和悬浮液由前述类型的无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。优选的单位剂量制剂是含有如本文上文所述的每日剂量或单位每日亚剂量的,或其适当分数的活性成分的那些。
如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐可用于包含至少一种如上所定义的活性成分以及兽医用载体的兽医用组合物中。兽医用载体是可用于施用组合物目的的材料,并且可为固体、液体或气体材料,其在兽医领域是惰性的或可接受的并且与活性成分相容。这些兽医用组合物可肠胃外、口服或通过任何其他预期途径施用。
联合疗法
如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐可单独使用或与其他治疗剂组合使用,以治疗本文所述的疾病或疾患,诸如炎症或过度增殖性疾病(例如,癌症)。在某些实施例中,如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐在药物组合制剂或作为联合疗法的给药方案中与具有抗炎或抗过度增殖特性或可用治疗炎症、免疫应答疾病或过度增殖性疾病(例如,癌症)的其他第二治疗化合物组合。其他治疗剂可为Bcl-2抑制剂、JAK抑制剂、PI3K抑制剂、mTOR抑制剂、抗炎剂、免疫调节剂、如本文所述的抗癌剂、细胞凋亡增强剂、神经营养因子、用于治疗心血管疾病的药剂、用于治疗肝病的药剂、抗病毒剂、用于治疗血液疾病的药剂、用于治疗糖尿病的药剂,以及用于治疗免疫缺陷疾病的药剂。第二治疗剂可为NSAID抗炎剂。第二治疗剂可为如本文所述的抗癌剂。药物组合制剂或给药方案的第二种化合物优选具有与如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐互补的活性,使得它们不会彼此产生不良影响。此类化合物或其药用盐适当地以对预期目的有效的量组合存在。在一个实施例中,组合物包含如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐与治疗剂诸如NSAID的组合。
联合疗法可作为同时或顺序方案进行施用。当顺序施用时,可两次或更多次施用组合物。联合施用包括使用单独的制剂或单一药物制剂的共同施用,以及以任何顺序连续施用,其中优选在一定时间段内两种(或全部)活性剂同时发挥其生物学活性。
上述联合施用药剂中的任一种的合适剂量均为目前使用的剂量,并且其剂量可能由于新鉴别的药剂与其他治疗剂或治疗的联合效应(协同效应)而降低。
联合疗法可提供“协同作用”并证明是“协同的”,即,当活性成分一起使用时所达到的效果大于单独使用化合物所产生的效果之和。当活性成分如下时,可获得协同效应:(1)共同配制并且以联合单位剂型同时给药或递送;(2)交替给药或作为单独的制剂并行给药;或(3)通过某些其他方案给药。如果采用交替疗法递送,则当顺序施用或递送化合物时,例如通过在单独的注射器、单独的丸剂或胶囊、或单独的输注中分别注射,可获得协同效应。一般而言,在交替疗法中,顺序即依次施用有效剂量的每种活性成分,而在联合疗法中,一起施用有效剂量的两种或多种活性成分。
在疗法的一个特定实施例中,如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐可与其他治疗性激素或抗体药剂诸如本文所述的那些组合,以及与手术疗法和放射疗法组合。本文所述的联合疗法可包括施用如本文所述的至少一种化合物或其药用盐,以及使用至少一种其他癌症治疗方法。将选择如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐和其他药学活性治疗剂的量以及施用的相对时间,以便获得预期联合治疗效果。
在一个实施例中,如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐与下列物质组合使用:芳香酶抑制剂、磷酸肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)/mTOR通路抑制剂、CDK 4/6抑制剂、HER-2抑制剂、SERM、SERD、EGFR抑制剂、PD-1抑制剂、聚ADP-核糖聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂、组蛋白脱乙酰基酶(HDAC)抑制剂、HSP90抑制剂、VEGFR抑制剂、AKT抑制剂、化学疗法、或其任何组合。
在一个实施例中,将包含如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的药物组合物与选自下列物质的治疗剂组合施用:紫杉醇、阿那曲唑、依西美坦、环磷酰胺、表柔比星、氟维司群、来曲唑、帕博西尼(palbociclib)、吉西他滨、曲妥珠单抗、曲妥珠单抗-美坦新偶联物、培非格司亭、非格司亭、他莫西芬、多西他赛、托瑞米芬、长春瑞滨、卡培他滨和伊沙匹隆。
在一个实施例中,如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐与激素阻断疗法、化学疗法、放射疗法、单克隆抗体、或其组合组合使用。
式I或式II的化合物的代谢物
本文还提供了如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的体内代谢产物。此类产物可以例如由所施用的化合物的氧化、还原、水解、酰胺化、脱酰胺、酯化、脱酯、酶促裂解等产生。因此,本文提供了通过以下方法产生的化合物:该方法包括使如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐与哺乳动物接触足以得到其代谢产物的一段时间。
代谢产物通常通过制备如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的具有放射性标记(例如,14C或3H)的同位素进行鉴定,并以可检测的剂量(例如,大于约0.5mg/kg)肠胃外施用于动物(诸如大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠、猴或人),使其有足够的时间新陈代谢(通常约30秒至30小时),并从尿液、血液或其他生物样品中分离出其转化产物。由于这些产物已被标记,因此很容易分离(通过使用能够结合在代谢物中存活的表位的抗体来分离其他产物)。以常规方式,例如,通过MS、LC/MS或NMR分析,来确定代谢物的结构。一般而言,代谢物的分析以与常规药物代谢研究相同的方式进行。代谢产物只要在体内未被发现,就可用于如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的治疗给药的诊断测定。
制品
在本文提供的另一个方面,提供了一种制品或试剂盒,其含有用于治疗上述疾病和疾患的材料。在一个实施例中,试剂盒包括盛有如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的容器。试剂盒可进一步包括在容器上或与容器相关的标签或包装说明书。合适的容器包括例如瓶子、小瓶、注射器、泡罩包装等。容器可由诸如玻璃或塑料等多种材料形成。容器可容纳对病症治疗有效的如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐、或其制剂,并且可具有无菌进入口(例如,容器可为静脉内溶液袋或带有皮下注射针可刺穿的塞子的小瓶)。组合物中的至少一种活性剂是如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐。标签或包装说明书表明化合物用于治疗所选择的病症,诸如癌症。另外,标签或包装说明书可表明待治疗的患者是患有诸如动脉粥样硬化、过度增殖性疾病、神经变性、心脏肥大、疼痛、偏头痛、或神经创伤疾病或事件等疾患的患者。在一个实施例中,标签或包装说明书表明包含如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的组合物可用于治疗由于异常细胞生长引起的疾患。标签或包装说明书也可表明该组合物可用于治疗其他疾患。可替代地或另外地,制品可进一步包括第二容器,该第二容器盛有药用缓冲液,诸如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、林格氏溶液和葡萄糖溶液。制品可进一步包括从商业和用户角度所需的其他物质,包括其他缓冲剂、稀释剂、过滤器、针头和注射器。
试剂盒可进一步包含如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐,以及第二药物制剂(如果存在的话)的施用说明。例如,如果试剂盒包含第一组合物和第二药物制剂,该第一组合物包含如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐,则试剂盒可进一步包含用于将第一药物组合物和第二药物组合物同时、依次或分别施用给有此需要的患者的说明。
在另一个实施例中,试剂盒适合于递送如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的固体口服形式,诸如片剂或胶囊。此类试剂盒优选地包括许多单位剂量。此类试剂盒可包括具有按照其预期用途的次序定向的剂量的卡。此类试剂盒的示例是泡罩包装。泡罩包装在包装工业中是众所周知的,并广泛用于包装药物单位剂型。如果需要,可例如以数字、字母或其他标记的形式或用指定治疗时间表中可以施用剂量的日期的日历插入事件提供记忆辅助。
根据一个实施例,试剂盒可包括(a)第一容器,其中装有如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐;和任选(b)第二容器,其中装有第二药物制剂,其中第二药物制剂包含具有抗过度增殖活性的第二化合物。可替代地或另外地,试剂盒可进一步包括第三容器,该第三容器盛有药用缓冲液,诸如抑菌性注射用水(BWFI)、磷酸盐缓冲盐水、林格氏溶液和葡萄糖溶液。制品可进一步包括从商业和用户角度所需的其他物质,包括其他缓冲剂、稀释剂、过滤器、针头和注射器。
在其中试剂盒包含第二治疗剂和如本文所述的化合物或其药用盐的组合物的某些其他实施例中,试剂盒可包括用于盛装单独组合物的容器,诸如分体瓶或分体箔袋,然而,单独的组合物也可盛装在单个不分体容器中。通常,试剂盒包括用于施用单独组分的说明。当单独的组分优选地以不同的剂型(例如,口服和肠胃外)施用时,以不同的剂量间隔施用时,或者当处方医师希望滴定组合的各种组分时,试剂盒形式是特别有利的。
实施例
实施例1:一种具有式(I)或式(II)的化合物,
或其药用盐,
其中,
R1为氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-C7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂环烷基;
R2为氢、卤素、-CN、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基;
R3为-L1-R1、氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
R4为-L2-R9-、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
R5为氢、卤素、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
每个R6独立地为氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-ORa、-NRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-SRa、-S(O)2Ra、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基、-SO2(C1-6烷基)、或-SO2(C1-6卤代烷基);
R7为氢、卤素、-CN、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、或R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基;
每个R8独立地为氢、卤素、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
R9为氢、卤素、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-C7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂环烷基;
每个R10独立地为卤素、-N3、-CF3、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R11-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R11-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R11-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R11-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R11-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R11-取代或未取代的5至6元杂芳基;
每个R11独立地为卤素、-N3、-CF3、-CCl3、-CBr3、-CI3、-CN、-CHO、-OH、-NH2、-COOH、-CONH2、-NO2、-SH、-SO2Cl、-SO3H、-SO4H、-SO2NH2、未取代的C1-6烷基、未取代的2至6元杂烷基、未取代的C3-7环烷基、未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、未取代的C5-6芳基、或未取代的5至6元杂芳基;
每个R12独立地为氢、卤素、NPG、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
L1为-NHSO2-、-NHC(O)-、NHCO(O)-、-NHC(O)NH-、-NH-、-O-、-S-、或-SO2-;
L2为-NHSO2-、-NHC(O)-、NHCO(O)-、-NHC(O)NH-、-NH-、-O-、-S-、或-SO2-;
每个Ra和Rb独立地为氢、未取代的C1-6烷基、未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、未取代的C1-6烷氧基、未取代的C2-6烯基、未取代的C2-6炔基、未取代的C3-7环烷基、未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、未取代的C5-6芳基、或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
m为1或2;
n为1或2;
p为1、2、3、4、5或6;以及
环A为C3-6环烷基、3至6元杂环烷基、C5-6芳基、或5或6元杂芳基。
实施例2:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其中化合物或其药用盐包含式(I)。
实施例3:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其中化合物或其药用盐包含式(II)。
实施例4:根据实施例1至3中任一项所述的化合物,其中环A为6元杂环烷基。
实施例5:根据实施例1至4中任一项所述的化合物,其中环A为哌啶基。
实施例6:根据实施例4或实施例5所述的化合物,其中R12为卤素或C1-3烷基。
实施例7:根据实施例6所述的化合物,其中n为,p为1或2。
实施例8:根据实施例6或实施例7所述的化合物,其中R12为-F。
实施例9:根据实施例6或实施例7所述的化合物,其中p为2,且R12为-F和甲基。
实施例10:根据实施例1至9中任一项所述的化合物,其中环A具有结构:
实施例11:根据实施例1至10中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6为氢。
实施例12:根据实施例1至11中任一项所述的化合物,其中R8为氢。
实施例13:根据实施例1至12中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2为未取代的C1-3烷基。
实施例14:根据实施例1至13中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2为甲基。
实施例15:根据实施例1至14中任一项所述的化合物,其中R3为氢。
实施例16:根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的实施例,其中R4为-L2-R9-。
实施例17:根据实施例16所述的化合物,其中L2为-NHSO2-。
实施例18:根据实施例16所述的化合物,其中L2为-NHC(O)-。
实施例19:根据实施例16至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9为R10-取代或未取代的苯基。
实施例20:根据实施例19所述的化合物,其中R9为R10-取代的苯基,并且R10为卤素。
实施例21:根据实施例16至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9为R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基。
实施例22:根据实施例21所述的化合物,其中R9为未取代的环丙烷基(cyclopropanyl)。
实施例23:根据实施例16至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9为2至6元未取代的卤代烷基。
实施例24:根据实施例23所述的化合物,其中卤代烷基为3,3-二氟丁基。
实施例25:根据实施例16至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9为R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基。
实施例26:根据实施例25所述的化合物,其中R9为未取代的C1-3烷基。
实施例27:根据实施例1至27中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5为卤素。
实施例28:根据实施例1至27中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5为氢。
实施例29:根据实施例1至27中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5为未取代的C1-3烷基。
实施例30:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例31:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例32:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例33:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例34:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例35:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例36:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例37:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例38:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例39:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例40:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例41:根据实施例1所述的化合物,其具有式:
或其药用盐。
实施例42:根据实施例1所述的化合物或其药用盐,其中化合物包括表1的化合物。
实施例43:一种药物组合物,其包含根据实施例1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐,以及一种或多种药用赋形剂。
实施例44:一种治疗癌症的方法,该方法包括向患有癌症的患者施用有效量的根据实施例1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐、或根据实施例43所述的药物组合物。
实施例45:根据实施例44所述的方法,其中癌症为鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌、鳞状细胞肺癌、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌、胃肠癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌、涎腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝细胞性肝癌(epatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肛门癌、阴茎癌、或头颈癌。
实施例46:根据实施例44所述的方法,其中癌症是淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、或骨髓增生性疾病(MPD)。
实施例47:根据实施例44所述的方法,其中癌症是多发性骨髓瘤。
实施例48:根据实施例44所述的方法,其中癌症为乳腺癌。
实施例49:根据实施例48所述的方法,其中乳腺癌是三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。
实施例50:根据实施例44至49中任一项所述的方法,其中癌症为Ire1介导的癌症。
实施例51:根据实施例50所述的方法,其中癌症的特征在于增加Ire1的表达。
实施例52:根据实施例44至51中任一项所述的方法,该方法进一步包括与化合物或其药用盐、或药物组合物组合施用一种或多种其他抗癌疗法。
实施例53:根据实施例52所述的方法,其中抗癌疗法在所述化合物或药物组合物之前施用。
实施例54:根据实施例52所述的方法,其中抗癌疗法在所述化合物或药物组合物之后施用。
实施例55:根据实施例52所述的方法,其中抗癌疗法与所述化合物或药物组合物同时施用。
实施例56:根据实施例52至55中任一项所述的方法,其中抗癌疗法包括皮质类固醇、蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂、抗CD38抗体、抗VEGF-A抗体、抗PD-1抗体、抗PD-L1抗体、或抗白介素6抗体、或其组合。
实施例57:根据实施例56所述的方法,其中皮质类固醇包括地塞米松。
实施例58:根据实施例56所述的方法,其中蛋白酶体抑制剂包括卡非佐米、伊沙佐米或硼替佐米。
实施例59:根据实施例56所述的方法,其中免疫调节剂包括来那度胺或泊马度胺。
实施例60:根据实施例56所述的方法,其中抗PD-L1抗体包括阿维单抗、度伐单抗或阿特珠单抗。
实施例61:根据实施例56所述的方法,其中抗PD-1抗体包括派姆单抗或纳武单抗。
实施例62:根据实施例44至62中任一项所述的方法,其中治疗进一步包括施用放射疗法。
实施例63:一种抑制或杀死表达Ire1的癌细胞的方法,该方法包括使表达Ire1的癌细胞与根据实施例1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐或根据实施例43所述的药物组合物接触。
实施例64:根据实施例63所述的方法,其中抑制或杀死在体内执行。
实施例65:根据实施例63或实施例64所述的方法,其中表达Ire1的癌细胞在人体内。
实施例66:一种调节Ire1活性的方法,该方法包括使Ire1与根据实施例1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐、或根据实施例43所述的药物组合物接触。
实施例67:根据实施例66所述的方法,其中Ire1位于癌细胞中。
实施例68:根据实施例67所述的方法,其中癌细胞在人体内。
实施例69:根据实施例1至42中任一项所述的化合物、或根据实施例43所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
实施例70:根据实施例69所述的用途,其中癌症为鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌、鳞状细胞肺癌、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌、胃肠癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌、涎腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肛门癌、阴茎癌、或头颈癌。
实施例71:根据实施例69所述的用途,其中癌症是淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、或骨髓增生性疾病(MPD)。
实施例72:根据实施例69所述的用途,其中癌症是多发性骨髓瘤。
实施例73:根据实施例69所述的用途,其中癌症为乳腺癌。
实施例74:根据实施例73所述的用途,其中乳腺癌是三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。
实施例75:一种根据实施例1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐或根据实施例43所述的药物组合物,其用于治疗癌症的方法中。
实施例76:根据实施例75所述的化合物,其中癌症为鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌、鳞状细胞肺癌、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌、胃肠癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌、涎腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肛门癌、阴茎癌、或头颈癌。
实施例77:根据实施例75所述的化合物,其中癌症是淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、或骨髓增生性疾病(MPD)。
实施例78:根据实施例75所述的化合物,其中癌症是多发性骨髓瘤。
实施例79:根据实施例75所述的化合物,其中癌症为乳腺癌。
实施例80:根据实施例79所述的化合物,其中乳腺癌是三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。
实施例81:一种用于治疗癌症的试剂盒,该试剂盒包含:
a)根据权利要求43所述的药物组合物;和
b)使用说明。
以下实例仅以说明而非限制的方式提供。
实例
合成实例
制备表1中的示例性式(I)或式(II)化合物,对其进行表征并测试其与IRE1α(α)的结合。如果与式(I)或式(II)化合物或中间体相关联的名称多于一个,则化学结构会定义该化合物。
缩写:
ACN:乙腈
DCM:二氯甲烷
DMF:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO:二甲基亚砜
EtOAc:乙酸乙酯
EtOH:乙醇
h:小时
HCl:盐酸
HPLC:高效液相色谱法
IPA:异丙醇
LCMS:液相色谱-质谱法
MeCN:乙腈
THF:四氢呋喃
实例1
(S)-2-氯-N-(6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(哌啶-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-基)苯磺酰胺盐酸盐
步骤1:3-甲氧基-4-(三丁基甲锡烷基)哒嗪
在氮气下向干燥的烧瓶中装入二异丙胺(3.83mL,27.2mmol)和无水THF(120mL),并在-78℃下将混合物冷却。加入丁基锂(2.5M己烷溶液,10.9mL,27.2mmol),并将混合物温热至0℃,并搅拌0.5h。然后将该混合物冷却至-78℃,并在10分钟内缓慢加入3-甲氧基哒嗪(2.0g,18.2mmol)的无水THF(36mL)溶液。将反应体系进一步搅拌0.5小时。然后在-78℃下加入氯化三丁基锡(7.88mL,9.46g,29.1mmol),并将混合物在冷却浴中搅拌1.5h。然后加入饱和氯化铵水溶液,并将混合物温热至室温。分离各相,并将有机相用饱和氯化铵水溶液和盐水洗涤。有机相经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并且在真空下浓缩。通过二氧化硅快速色谱法通过(0-25%EtOAc/己烷)纯化粗产物,得到3.07g(42%收率)标题化合物,为无色油状物。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=401.1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.74–8.66(m,1H),7.51–7.36(m,1H),4.10(s,3H),1.59–1.43(m,6H),1.37–1.28(m,6H),1.20–1.05(m,6H),0.89(t,J=7.3Hz,9H)。
步骤2:4-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)3-甲氧基哒嗪
向盛有3-甲氧基-4-(三丁基甲锡烷基)哒嗪(2.34g,5.87mmol)的烧瓶中依次加入2,4-二氯嘧啶(875mg,5.87mmol)、碘化铜(I)(112mg,0.59mmol)、四(三苯基膦)钯(0)(689mg,0.59mmol)和DMF(24mL)。用N2鼓泡溶液15分钟,然后将其置于100℃的油浴中。16小时后,将混合物冷却至室温,并通过C18反相快速色谱法(0-50%MeCN/10mM甲酸铵水溶液,pH=3.8)直接纯化,得到850mg(65%收率)标题化合物,为红色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=222.9;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.12(s,1H),8.77(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),8.35(s,1H),8.18(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),4.33(s,3H)。
步骤3:(S)-3-((4-(3-甲氧基哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向盛有4-(2-氯嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲氧基哒嗪(500mg,2.25mmol)的烧瓶中依次加入(S)-3-氨基哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(900mg,4.49mmol)、三乙胺(1.24mL,8.98mmol)和DMSO(4.5mL)。向溶液中鼓入氮气15分钟,然后将混合物置于100℃油浴中。4h后,将混合物冷却至室温,加入甲酸(0.7mL),并将混合物通过C18反相色谱法直接纯化(10%-50%MeCN/10mM甲酸铵水溶液,pH=3.8),得到766mg(88%产率)标题化合物,为黄色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=387.2;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.02(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),8.40(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),8.14(brs,1H),7.42(s,1H),5.38(s,1H),4.28(s,3H),4.06–3.96(m,1H),3.89–2.97(m,4H),2.05–1.96(m,1H),1.82–1.73(m,1H),1.68–1.57(m,2H),1.50–1.34(m,9H)。
步骤4:(S)-4-(2-(哌啶-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-醇氢溴酸盐
向盛有(S)-3-((4-(3-甲氧基哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(950mg,2.46mmol)的烧瓶中加入33%HBr在乙酸(10mL)中的溶液,并将混合物加热至100℃。30分钟后,将反应混合物冷却至室温并真空浓缩。加入1,4-二噁烷,并将混合物真空浓缩(重复2次),然后加入甲醇并在减压下浓缩(重复2次),得到868mg(100%粗收率)的标题化合物,为浅黄色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=273.0;1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OH)δ8.64(s,1H),8.56(d,J=4.7Hz,1H),8.32–8.20(br s,1H),8.21(d,J=4.3Hz,1H),4.63(s,1H),3.67(dd,J=11.9,3.1Hz,1H),3.42(d,J=12.6Hz,1H),3.12–3.03(m,2H),2.28–2.19(m,1H),2.17–2.09(m,1H),2.09–1.96(m,1H),1.92–1.83(m,1H)。
步骤5:(S)-3-((4-(3-氯哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向盛有粗制(S)-4-(2-(哌啶-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-醇氢溴酸盐(868mg,2.46mmol)的烧瓶中加入氧化磷氯化物(11.5mL,0.12mol),并将混合物真空浓缩。加入另一部分氧化磷氯化物(11.5mL,0.12mmol),并将反应体系加热至80℃。24h后,通过减压浓缩去除氧化磷氯化物,然后加入1,4-二噁烷,并再次将混合物真空浓缩。向如此获得的粗料中加入THF(2.5mL)、饱和碳酸钠水溶液(5mL),然后加入二碳酸二叔丁酯(1.07g,4.92mmol)的THF(2.5mL)溶液并在室温下搅拌混合物。1h后,将混合物用乙酸乙酯(50mL)稀释,并分离各相。有机相经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并且在减压下浓缩。将粗料通过二氧化硅快速柱色谱法纯化(0-100%丙酮/CH2Cl2),得到744mg(77%收率)的标题化合物,为浅粉色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M-tBu+H]+=335.0,[M-Boc+H]+=291.0;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.28(d,J=5.0Hz,1H),8.47(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),7.81(br s,1H),7.11(s,1H),5.47(s,1H),4.03(s,1H),3.93–2.94(br m,4H),2.05–1.94(m,1H),1.84–1.73(m,1H),1.73-1.66(m,1H),1.66–1.57(m,1H),1.42(s,9H)。
步骤6:(S)-3-((4-(3-((5-氨基-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
将(S)-3-((4-(3-氯哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(200mg,0.510mmol)、5-氨基-2-甲基萘-1-醇盐酸盐(129mg,0.610mmol)和碳酸铯(503mg,1.54mmol)和N-甲基-吡咯烷酮(1.5mL)在烧瓶中合并,并将混合物用氮气冲洗10分钟。然后将反应混合物加热至120℃。1.5小时后,加入另一部分5-氨基-2-甲基萘-1-醇盐酸盐(128mg,0.61mmol)、N-甲基-吡咯烷酮(1.5mL)和碳酸铯(503mg,1.54mmol)。处于120℃下2h后,将反应混合物冷却至室温,并通过C18反相色谱法(10%-70%MeCN/10mM甲酸铵水溶液,pH=3.8)直接纯化,得到149mg(55%收率)标题化合物,为浅棕色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=528.2;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.07(d,J=4.8Hz,1H),8.82-8.25(br s,1H),8.44(s,1H),7.81(s,1H),7.70(d,J=8.6Hz,1H),7.38(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.23–7.10(m,2H),6.72(dd,J=7.0,1.0Hz,1H),5.59(br s,1H),4.52-3.97(m,1H),4.09(s,1H),3.96–2.88(m,5H),2.31(s,3H),2.08–2.04(m,1H),1.85–1.78(m,1H),1.72(dd,J=18.5,9.5Hz,1H),1.68–1.61(m,1H),1.44(s,9H)。
步骤7:(S)-3-((4-(3-((5-(2-氯苯基磺酰胺基)-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向(S)-3-((4-(3-((5-氨基-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(50mg,0.090mmol)在吡啶(0.50mL)中的溶液中加入2-氯苯磺酰氯(24mg,0.11mmol)在吡啶(0.50mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌。2h后,将混合物通过C18反相色谱法(30%-80%乙腈/10mM甲酸铵水溶液,pH=3.8)直接纯化,得到53mg(80%收率)标题化合物,为棕褐色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=702.1;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.07(s,1H),8.81-8.16(m,2H),8.04(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.94(dd,J=7.9,1.6Hz,1H),7.71(s,1H),7.60–7.51(m,3H),7.51–7.43(m,2H),7.30(td,J=7.8,1.2Hz,1H),7.24(d,J=7.0Hz,1H),7.18(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),6.08–5.21(m,1H),4.07(s,1H),3.94–2.83(m,4H),2.28(s,3H),2.06(s,1H),1.88–1.77(m,1H),1.77–1.59(m,2H),1.44(s,9H)。
步骤8:(S)-2-氯-N-(6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(哌啶-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-基)苯磺酰胺盐酸盐
向(S)-3-((4-(3-((5-(2-氯苯基磺酰胺基)-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(53mg,0.080mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(1mL)中的溶液中加入4M HCl在1,4-二噁烷(0.5mL,2mmol)中的溶液,并将混合物在室温搅拌。1h后,将所得固体滤出并用1,4-二噁烷,然后用庚烷,然后再用1,4-二噁烷洗涤。将固体溶解在水中并冻干,得到36mg(75%收率)标题化合物,为黄色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=602.1;1H NMR(500MHz,d6-DMSO)δ10.68(s,1H),9.38(br s,1H),9.15(d,J=4.7Hz,2H),8.62(br s,1H),8.55(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),8.11(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.86(dd,J=7.9,1.2Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.65–7.54(m,3H),7.51(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.43(t,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.33(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),4.35(s,1H),3.42(s,1H),3.20(d,J=10.5Hz,1H),2.92–2.74(m,2H),2.20(s,3H),2.00(d,J=9.4Hz,1H),1.90(d,J=14.3Hz,1H),1.77(q,J=9.4Hz,1H),1.63(dd,J=19.4,9.3Hz,1H)。
实例2
(S)-N-(6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(哌啶-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-基)环丙烷甲酰胺盐酸盐
步骤1:(S)-3-((4-(3-((5-(环丙烷甲酰胺基)-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向(S)-3-((4-(3-((5-氨基-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(30mg,0.06mmol)在吡啶(0.50mL)中的溶液中加入环丙烷甲酰氯(7.1mg,0.07mmol)在吡啶(0.50mL)中的溶液,将反应混合物在室温搅拌。2h后,将混合物真空浓缩以去除吡啶,并将粗料在EtOAc(40mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(10mL)之间分配。分离各相,并将有机相经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并且在真空下浓缩。将所获得的粗料通过二氧化硅快速柱色谱法纯化(0–100%EtOAc/CH2Cl2),得到18mg(53%收率)的标题化合物,为灰白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=596.3;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.05(s,1H),8.96–8.20(m,2H),8.04(s,1H),7.93–7.62(m,3H),7.50(s,1H),7.41(s,1H),7.32(s,1H),6.02(br s,1H),4.06(s,1H),3.93–2.84(m,4H),2.29(s,3H),2.06(s,1H),1.80(s,1H),1.75–1.59(m,3H),1.54(br s,9H),1.18–1.09(m,2H),1.09–0.99(m,1H),0.93–0.87(m,1H)。
步骤2:(S)-N-(6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(哌啶-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-基)环丙烷甲酰胺盐酸盐
向(S)-3-((4-(3-((5-(环丙烷甲酰胺基)-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(18mg,0.03mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(1mL)中的溶液中加入4M HCl在1,4-二噁烷(0.2mL,0.8mmol)中的溶液,并将混合物在室温搅拌。1h后,将所得固体滤出并用1,4-二噁烷,然后用庚烷,然后再用1,4-二噁烷洗涤。将固体溶解在水中并冻干,得到11mg(68%收率)标题化合物,为灰白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=496.2;1H NMR(500MHz,d6-DMSO)δ10.26(s,1H),9.32-9.01(m,1H),9.17(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),9.00-8.77(m,1H),8.63-8.14(m,1H),8.58(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),8.05(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.72(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.62(s,1H),7.57(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.50(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.45–7.38(m,1H),4.30(s,1H),3.43(m,1H),3.21(d,J=12.1Hz,1H),2.92–2.75(m,2H),2.24(s,3H),2.11(s,1H),2.01(dd,J=8.6,4.0Hz,1H),1.91(dd,J=10.3,4.2Hz,1H),1.76(dd,J=21.4,10.4Hz,1H),1.63(dd,J=21.9,11.5Hz,1H),0.86(d,J=4.8Hz,4H)。
实例3
(S)-N-(6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(哌啶-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-基)丙烷-1-磺酰胺盐酸盐
步骤1:(S)-3-((4-(3-((2-甲基-5-(丙基磺酰胺基)萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯
向(S)-3-((4-(3-((5-氨基-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(40mg,0.076mmol)在吡啶(0.50mL)中的溶液中加入1-丙烷磺酰氯(13mg,0.091mmol)在吡啶(0.50mL)中的溶液,并将混合物在室温搅拌。24h后,加入另一部分的1-丙烷磺酰氯(13mg,0.091mmol)在吡啶(0.20mL)中的溶液,在室温下再保持24h后,将混合物真空浓缩以去除吡啶。将粗料在乙酸乙酯(40mL)和饱和NaCl水溶液(10mL)之间分配。分离各相,并将有机相经无水硫酸镁干燥,过滤并且在真空下浓缩。将所获得的粗料通过二氧化硅快速柱色谱法纯化(0–100%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷),得到23mg(48%收率)的标题化合物,为淡黄色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=634.3;1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ9.09(s,1H),8.91–8.05(m,2H),7.89(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.74(s,1H),7.61(s,1H),7.57–7.48(m,J=7.4Hz,2H),7.39(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.30(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.18–5.42(m,1H),4.08(s,1H),3.86–2.89(m,4H),3.09(m,2H),2.32(s,3H),2.07(s,1H),1.90–1.80(m,3H),1.72(m,J=8.6Hz,1H),1.67–1.60(m,1H),1.45(s,9H),0.98(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
步骤2:(S)-N-(6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(哌啶-3-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-基)丙烷-1-磺酰胺盐酸盐
向(S)-3-((4-(3-((2-甲基-5-(丙基磺酰胺基)萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸叔丁酯(23mg,0.04mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(1mL)中的溶液中加入4MHCl在1,4-二噁烷(0.24mL,0.96mmol)中的溶液,并将混合物在室温搅拌。1h后,将所得固体滤出并用1,4-二噁烷,然后用庚烷,然后再用1,4-二噁烷洗涤。将固体溶解在水中并冻干,得到19mg(92%收率)标题化合物,为灰白色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=534.2;1H NMR(500MHz,d6-DMSO)δ9.87(s,1H),9.27–8.82(m,2H),9.17(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),8.72–8.20(m,1H),8.57(d,J=5.1Hz,1H),8.19(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.59(dd,J=8.5,5.4Hz,3H),7.49(d,J=6.6Hz,1H),7.48–7.41(m,1H),4.32(s,1H),3.41–3.36(m,1H),3.21(d,J=11.2Hz,1H),3.16–3.08(m,2H),2.93–2.72(m,2H),2.24(s,3H),2.08–1.97(m,1H),1.91(dd,J=10.3,4.1Hz,1H),1.76(dq,J=15.0,7.5Hz,3H),1.63(dd,J=20.8,10.1Hz,1H),0.96(t,J=7.4Hz,3H)。
实例4
N-(2-氟-5-((2-(((3S,5S)-5-氟哌啶-3-基)氨基)-[4,5'-二嘧啶]-4'-基)氧基)-6-甲基萘-1-基)丙烷-1-磺酰胺
步骤1:4-氯-5-(2-甲基硫烷基嘧啶-4-基)嘧啶
在氮气下,将4-氯-5-碘嘧啶(2.0g,8.32mmol)、2-(甲硫基)-4-(三丁基甲锡烷基)嘧啶(3.8g,9.15mmol)和双(三苯基膦)氯化钯(II)(1.12g,1.60mmol)在甲苯(70mL)中的混合物于95℃下搅拌16h。用氟化钾饱和溶液淬灭反应。将混合物用乙酸乙酯萃取,并用盐水洗涤。合并有机层,经无水硫酸钠干燥并在真空下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱法纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚20:80),得到标题化合物(534mg,26.9%收率),为黄色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=239.1
步骤2:2-氟-6-甲基-5-(5-(2-甲基硫烷基嘧啶-4-基)嘧啶-4-基)氧基-萘-1-胺
在氮气下,将4-氯-5-(2-甲基硫烷基嘧啶-4-基)嘧啶(0.30g,1.26mmol)、5-氨基-6-氟-2-甲基萘-1-醇盐酸盐(0.26g,1.13mmol)和碳酸铯(0.82g,2.51mmol)在二甲基亚砜(8mL)中的混合物在100℃下搅拌1h。将反应混合物用水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层混合。将有机层用盐水洗涤,并经无水硫酸钠干燥。将溶剂在真空下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱法纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚1:1),得到标题化合物(350mg,70.8%收率),为棕色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=394.1
步骤3:2-氟-6-甲基-5-[5-(2-甲基亚磺酰基嘧啶-4-基)嘧啶-4-基]氧基-萘-1-胺
向2-氟-6-甲基-5-(5-(2-甲基硫烷基嘧啶-4-基)嘧啶-4-基]氧基-萘-1-胺(0.32g,0.8100mmol)在四氢呋喃(5mL)和水(2mL)中的溶液中加入过一硫酸氢钾(1.0g,1.63mmol),并在室温下搅拌1h。用饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤,并在减压下浓缩。标题化合物直接用于下一步骤。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=410.1
步骤4:(3S,5S)-3-((4'-((5-氨基-6-氟-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)-[4,5'-二嘧啶]-2-基)氨基)-5-氟哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯
在氮气下,向(3S,5S)-3-氨基-5-氟-哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯盐酸盐(0.22g,0.75mmol)和2-氟-6-甲基-5-(5-(2-甲基亚磺酰基嘧啶-4-基)嘧啶-4-基)氧基萘-1-胺(0.3g,0.7300mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(5mL)中的溶液中加入N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.38mL,2.32mmol)并在110℃下搅拌36h。真空去除溶剂。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱法纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚1:1),得到标题化合物(179mg,40.9%收率),为棕色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=598.3
步骤5:(3S,5S)-3-氟-5-((4'-((6-氟-2-甲基-5-(丙基磺酰胺基)萘-1-基)氧基)-[4,5'-二嘧啶]-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯
向(3S,5S)-3-((4'-((5-氨基-6-氟-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)-[4,5'-二嘧啶]-2-基)氨基)-5-氟哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯(60mg,0.10mmol)在吡啶(1mL)中的溶液中加入1-丙烷磺酰氯(57mg,0.40mmol),将反应混合物在室温下搅拌36h。将反应用水淬灭,用乙酸乙酯萃取并用盐水洗涤。有机层在真空下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱凝胶法纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚3:1),得到标题化合物(62mg,87.7%收率),为黑色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=704.2
步骤6:N-(2-氟-5-((2-(((3S,5S)-5-氟哌啶-3-基)氨基)-[4,5'-二嘧啶]-4'-基)氧基)-6-甲基萘-1-基)丙烷-1-磺酰胺
向(3S,5S)-3-氟-5-((4'-((6-氟-2-甲基-5-(丙基磺酰胺基)萘-1-基)氧基)-[4,5'-二嘧啶]-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯(60mg,0.0900mmol)在二氯甲烷(3mL)中的溶液中加入33%HBr在乙酸(1mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌1h。在真空下去除溶剂,并将残余物溶解于二氯甲烷,并用饱和碳酸氢钠溶液洗涤。真空去除溶剂,并将粗产物通过制备型HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(2.8mg,5.8%收率),为白色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=570.2;1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ9.46(s,1H),8.60(s,1H),8.46(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),8.26(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),7.80–7.69(m,1H),7.59(t,J=6.9Hz,2H),7.37(t,J=9.7Hz,1H),4.88(d,J=47.4Hz,1H),4.42(s,1H),3.31–3.13(m,4H),2.90–2.70(m,1H),2.61–2.37(m,2H),2.30(s,3H),2.10–1.65(m,3H),1.11(t,J=7.4Hz,3H)。
实例5
3,3-二氟-N-(2-氟-5-((4-(2-(((3S,5S)-5-氟哌啶-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)-6-甲基萘-1-基)丁烷-1-磺酰胺
步骤1:4-氯-2-(4-甲氧基苄基)哒嗪-3(2H)-酮
在0℃下,向5-氯-1H-哒嗪-6-酮(1.0g,7.66mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(20mL)中的溶液中加入氢化钠(0.50g,12.5mmol),并将反应混合物在0℃下搅拌0.5h。然后加入4-甲氧基苄基氯(1.5g,9.58mmol),并在25℃下搅拌16h。将反应混合物用盐水淬灭,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。合并有机层并用盐水洗涤。去除溶剂。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:10)洗脱纯化,得到标题化合物(860mg,44.8%收率),为黄色油状物。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=251.2
步骤2:2-(4-甲氧基苄基)-4-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3(2H)-酮
在氮气下,将4-氯-2-(4-甲氧基苄基)哒嗪-3(2H)-酮(0.86g,3.43mmol)、2-(甲硫基)-4-(三丁基甲锡烷基)嘧啶(1.4g,3.37mmol)和四(三苯基膦)钯(0.35g,0.30mmol)在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(15mL)中的溶液在100℃下搅拌18h。用饱和氟化钾溶液淬灭反应,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用盐水洗涤,并且在真空下去除溶剂。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱法纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚1:5),得到标题化合物(700mg,59.9%收率),为白色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=341.2
步骤3:4-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3(2H)-酮
将2-(4-甲氧基苄基)-4-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3(2H)-酮(0.7g,2.06mmol)在三氟乙酸(10mL)和三氟甲烷磺酸(1mL)中的溶液在室温搅拌2h。用冰/水使反应淬灭,并且用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。有机层用盐水洗涤。真空去除溶剂,得到标题化合物(380mg,83.9%收率),为橙色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=221.2。
步骤4:3-氯-4-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪
将4-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3(2H)-酮(380mg,1.73mmol)在氯氧化磷(10mL)中的溶液在105℃下搅拌4h。在真空下去除溶剂。用冰/水使反应淬灭,并且用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。在真空下去除溶剂。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱法纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚1:1),得到标题化合物(340mg,82.6%收率),为黄色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=239.1。
步骤5:2-氟-6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-胺
在氮气下,将5-氨基-6-氟-2-甲基-萘-1-醇(315mg,1.65mmol)、3-氯-4-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪(350mg,1.47mmol)、碳酸铯(875mg,2.68mmol)在1-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮(7mL)中的混合物在80℃下搅拌2h。将反应混合物用水稀释,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层混合。将有机层用盐水洗涤,并经无水硫酸钠干燥。在真空下去除溶剂。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚(1:1)洗脱纯化,得到标题化合物(350mg,57.6%收率),为棕色固体。LCMS(ESI)[M+H]+=394.1。
步骤6:2-氟-6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(甲基亚磺酰基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-胺
向2-氟-6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-胺(350mg,0.89mmol)在四氢呋喃(7mL)和水(3mL)中的溶液中加入过一硫酸氢钾(531mg,3.14mmol),并在25℃下搅拌1h。用饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液淬灭反应,并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层用碳酸氢钠饱和溶液洗涤。真空去除溶剂,得到标题化合物(200mg,52.2%收率),为灰白色固体。粗产物无需纯化即可直接用于下一步。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=410.1
步骤7:(3S,5S)-3-((4-(3-((5-氨基-6-氟-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-5-氟哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯
在氮气下,将(3S,5S)-3-氨基-5-氟-哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯盐酸盐(170mg,0.67mmol)、2-氟-6-甲基-5-((4-(2-(甲基亚磺酰基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)萘-1-胺(200mg,0.49mmol)、N,N-二异丙基乙胺(0.45mL,2.71mmol)在1,4-二噁烷(4mL)中的混合物在115℃下搅拌2h。在真空下去除溶剂。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱,用甲醇/二氯甲烷(6%)洗脱纯化,得到标题化合物(160mg,52.1%收率),为棕色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=598.2
步骤8:(3S,5S)-3-((4-(3-((5-((3,3-二氟丁基)磺酰胺基)-6-氟-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-5-氟哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯
在氮气下,将(3S,5S)-3-((4-(3-((5-氨基-6-氟-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-5-氟哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯(50mg,0.08mmol)和N-甲基吗啉(50mg,0.49mmol)在二氯甲烷(1mL)中的溶液加入3,3-二氟丁烷-1-磺酰氯(40mg,0.21mmol)中并在25℃下搅拌1h。将该反应混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取。将有机层混合。有机层用盐水洗涤。有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。
向残余物在二氯甲烷(1mL)中的溶液中加入氢氧化锂饱和溶液(2mL)。将所得溶液在室温下搅拌1小时。用水稀释反应混合物,并且用乙酸乙酯进行萃取。有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥并真空浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱,用甲醇/二氯甲烷(6%)洗脱纯化,得到标题化合物(45mg,67.8%收率),为棕色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=754.2。
步骤9:3,3-二氟-N-(2-氟-5-((4-(2-(((3S,5S)-5-氟哌啶-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)-6-甲基萘-1-基)丁烷-1-磺酰胺
向(3S,5S)-3-((4-(3-((5-((3,3-二氟丁基)磺酰胺基)-6-氟-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-5-氟哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯(45mg,0.06mmol)在二氯甲烷(0.50mL)中的溶液中加入33%HBr在乙酸(0.1mL)中的溶液,并在室温下搅拌1h。在真空下去除溶剂。通过制备型HPLC纯化粗产物,得到标题化合物(10mg,收率24.3%),为白色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=620.2;1H NMR(300MHz,CD3OD)δ9.09(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),8.51(d,J=5.1Hz,2H),8.22(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.85(dd,J=9.3,5.1Hz,1H),7.70–7.59(m,2H),7.39(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),4.89(d,J=47.2Hz,1H),4.43(s,1H),3.49–3.38(m,3H),3.14(t,J=12.8Hz,1H),2.90–2.68(m,1H),2.65–2.36(m,4H),2.31(s,3H),1.92(s,1H),1.71(t,J=18.5Hz,3H)。
实例6
N-(2-氟-5-((4-(2-(((3S,5S)-5-氟哌啶-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)-6-甲基萘-1-基)丙烷-1-磺酰胺
步骤1:(3S,5S)-3-氟-5-((4-(3-((6-氟-2-甲基-5-(丙基磺酰胺基)萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯
在氮气下,向(3S,5S)-3-((4-(3-((5-氨基-6-氟-2-甲基萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)-5-氟哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯(45.0mg,0.08mmol)在吡啶(0.25mL)中的溶液中加入1-丙烷磺酰氯(26mg,0.18mmol)并将反应混合物在25℃下搅拌2h。将反应混合物用水稀释并用乙酸乙酯萃取,用盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥并在真空下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅快速色谱,用甲醇/二氯甲烷(5:95)洗脱纯化,得到标题化合物(45mg,80.7%收率),为棕色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=704.2。
步骤2:N-(2-氟-5-((4-(2-(((3S,5S)-5-氟哌啶-3-基)氨基)嘧啶-4-基)哒嗪-3-基)氧基)-6-甲基萘-1-基)丙烷-1-磺酰胺
向(3S,5S)-3-氟-5-((4-(3-((6-氟-2-甲基-5-(丙基磺酰胺基)萘-1-基)氧基)哒嗪-4-基)嘧啶-2-基)氨基)哌啶-1-羧酸苄基酯(45mg,0.06mmol)在二氯甲烷(0.50mL)中的溶液中加入33%HBr在乙酸(1mL)中的溶液。将反应混合物在25℃下搅拌1h,并将有机溶剂在真空下浓缩。通过制备型HPLC纯化粗产物,得到标题化合物(12.3mg,收率32.9%),为灰白色固体。LCMS(ESI):[M+H]+=570.2;1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ9.09(d,J=4.9Hz,1H),8.52(d,J=5.1Hz,2H),8.23(d,J=8.7Hz,1H),7.84(dd,J=9.4,5.2Hz,1H),7.64(dd,J=16.9,7.0Hz,2H),7.38(t,J=9.5Hz,1H),4.92(d,J=47.7Hz,1H),4.45(s,1H),3.37(s,1H),3.27–3.13(m,3H),2.83(dd,J=37.1,14.2Hz,1H),2.62–2.38(m,2H),2.31(s,3H),2.05–1.93(m,2H),1.93–1.75(m,1H)1.12(t,J=7.5Hz,3H)。
生物学实例
测试了式(I)或式(II)的示例性化合物以评估IRE1的化合物抑制作用。针对每种示例性化合物检定了Ki
实例7:IRE1αTR-FRET竞争结合测定
为了确定化合物与IRE1α激酶结构域结合的亲和力,使用时间分辨荧光共振能量转移(TR-FRET)竞争测定。含有激酶和RNase结构域(KR、AA G547-L977、D688N)的带His标签的IRE1α激酶死亡构建体在Sf9昆虫细胞中表达。在加入测试化合物中之前,将纯化的蛋白质(最终浓度为0.006μM微摩尔)与抗His铕标记的抗体(Life Technologies PV5596,最终浓度为0.002μM微摩尔)在4℃下在1X TR-FRET测定缓冲液(50mM HEPES,pH 7.5,10mMMgCl2,0.083mM Brij 35,1mM DTT和0.1%牛丙种球蛋白)中预温育一小时。加入基于ATP竞争性抑制剂(Kinase Tracer 236,Life Technologies PV5592)的荧光标记探针,使其最终浓度为0.1μM(微摩尔)。反应在室温下在384孔白色ProxiPlates(Perkin Elmer 6008289)中以20μL(微升)的最终体积进行一小时。在配备有TRF激光选件和LANCE/Delfia Dual/Bias D400/D630镜(Ex 347nm,第1Em 665nm,第2Em 615nm)的Envision仪器(PerkinElmer)中检测到示踪剂与IRE1α蛋白的结合。
在IRE1α结合测定中测试表1中描述的示例性化合物。表3中列出了所测定的示例性IC50值。
表3
化合物编号 | IRE1αTR-FRET IC<sub>50</sub>(μM) |
1 | 0.0061 |
2 | 0.038 |
3 | 0.012 |
4 | 0.0033 |
5 | 0.0031 |
6 | 0.0071 |
实例8:IRE1αRNase活性测定
使用微小-XBP-1茎环RNA作为IRE1αRNase活性底物,通过荧光(Forster)共振能量转移(FRET)评估IRE1αRNase活性的抑制剂。通过IRE1α切割5'-羧基荧光素(FAM)和3'-黑洞猝灭剂(BHQ)标记的XBP1单茎环微小底物寡核苷酸(Roche MolecularSystems)探针(Kutyavin等人(2000)Nucleic Acids Research,.28(2):655-661)。当寡核苷酸完整时,荧光信号被BHQ淬灭。切割后,荧光不再被淬灭,并可进行定量。
对应于激酶和RNase结构域(LKR、AA Q470-L977)接头的IRE1α构建体在Sf9昆虫细胞中表达。所有试剂制备和程序均在无RNase的条件下进行。将测试化合物和纯化的酶在384孔白色ProxiPlate(Perkin Elmer6008289)中在RNase测定缓冲液(20mM HEPES,pH7.5,50mM KAc,1mM MgAc,1mM DTT和0.05%Triton X-100)中合并。加入RNA底物(最终测定体积20μL,微升)后,将板放入Flexstation 3仪器(Molecular Devices)中,以2分钟时间间隔(Ex 485,Em 535)读取动态荧光。使用最初50分钟的反应速度来计算RNase活性和对测试化合物的抑制。
表1中的示例性化合物具有IRE1αRNase活性。
实例9:IRE1α核糖核酸酶荧光素酶报告分子测定
将表达pBABE.puro HA-2xXBP1delta DBD萤火虫荧光素酶报告分子的HEK293细胞(Mendez etal.,(2015)“Endoplasmic reticulum stress-independent activation ofunfolded protein response kinases by a small molecule ATP-mimic”,eLife;4:e05434)在含有L-谷氨酰胺、10%胎牛血清、100单位/mL的青霉素和100μg/mL(微克/毫升)的链霉素加上2μg/mL嘌呤霉素的DMEM高葡萄糖培养基中培养,以保持选择性压力。在刺激IRE1并激活内源性RNase活性后,从XBP1移除26nt内含子,导致移码,从而允许荧光素酶转录。
在不存在嘌呤霉素的情况下将细胞以10,000/孔的浓度接种在384孔透明底部白色组织培养板(Corning 3707)中,体积为25μL。第二天早晨,加入测试化合物并在37℃下温育一小时,然后再用终浓度为50μM(微摩尔)的毒胡萝卜素刺激细胞5小时。平衡至室温后,加入25μL(微升)的One-荧光素酶检测试剂(Promega目录号E6120),将板密封并振摇5分钟以裂解细胞,然后使用Envision仪器(PerkinElmer)通过荧光检测定量荧光素酶。
表1中的示例性化合物在本文所述的XBP1s-LUC报告分子测定中具有活性。
应注意的是,术语“一个/一种”(a/an)实体是指该实体中的一个或多个;例如,“一种多肽”被理解为代表一种或多种多肽。因此,术语“一个”(或一种)、“一个/种或多个/种”和“至少一个/种”可以在本文中互换使用。
本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有相同的含义。已努力确保所使用的数字(例如,量、温度等)的准确性,但应考虑到一些实验误差和偏差。
在本说明书和权利要求书中,除非上下文另有要求,否则“包括”、“包含”和“含有”这些词是在非排他性意义上使用的。应理解的是,本文描述的实施例包括“由实施例组成”和/或“基本上由实施例组成”。
如本文所用的术语“约”,当指的是数值时,是指包括从指定量起的变化,在一些实施例中为±50%,在一些实施例中为±20%,在一些实施例中为±10%,在一些实施例中为±5%,在一些实施例中为±1%,在一些实施例中为±0.5%,在一些实施例中为±0.1%,因为此类变化适于执行所公开的方法或采用所公开的组合物。
若提供数值的范围,则应理解的是,介于该范围上限与下限之间的每个中间值(到下限的单位的十分之一,除非上下文另外明确规定)以及所指定范围内的任何其他指定值或中间值,均涵盖在本文之内。这些小范围的上限和下限可独立地包括在该较小范围内,并且也涵盖在本文之内,以所指定范围内任何明确排除的限值为准。在规定范围包括一个或两个限值的情况下,本文还包括排除那些包括的限值中的一个或两个的范围。
对于本发明所涉及的本领域技术人员而言,在受益于上文的描述和相关附图中所提出的教导的情况下,将想到本文阐述的本发明的许多变型例和其他实施例。因此,应当理解的是,本发明不限于所公开的具体实施例,并且变型例和其他实施例旨在包括在所附权利要求的范围内。尽管本文采用了特定的术语,但这些术语仅在通用和描述性的意义上使用,而非出于限制的目的。
Claims (81)
1.一种具有式(I)或式(II)的化合物,
或其药用盐
其中,
R1为氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-C7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂环烷基;
R2为氢、卤素、-CN、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基;
R3为-L1-R1、氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
R4为-L2-R9-、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
R5为氢、卤素、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
每个R6独立地为氢、卤素、-CN、-NO2、-ORa、-NRaRb、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-SRa、-S(O)2Ra、-P(O)RaRb、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基、-SO2(C1-6烷基)、或-SO2(C1-6卤代烷基);
R7为氢、卤素、-CN、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷氧基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、或R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基;
每个R8独立地为氢、卤素、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
R9为氢、卤素、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R10-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C3-C7环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R10-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R10-取代或未取代的5或6元杂环烷基;
每个R10独立地为卤素、-N3、-CF3、-CN、-NO2、-NRaRb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)Rb、-NRaC(O)ORb、-NRaC(O)NRb、-S(O)2NRa、-C(O)Ra、-C(O)ORa、-C(O)NRaRb、-ORa、-OC(O)Ra、-OC(O)NRaRb、-SRa、-S(O)Ra、-S(O)2Ra、-S(O)3Ra、-S(O)(=NH)Ra、-S(O)2NRaRb、-P(O)RaRb、R11-取代或未取代的C1-6烷基、R11-取代或未取代的2至6元杂烷基、R11-取代或未取代的C3-7环烷基、R11-取代或未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、R11-取代或未取代的C5-6芳基、或R11-取代或未取代的5至6元杂芳基;
每个R11独立地为卤素、-N3、-CF3、-CCl3、-CBr3、-CI3、-CN、-CHO、-OH、-NH2、-COOH、-CONH2、-NO2、-SH、-SO2Cl、-SO3H、-SO4H、-SO2NH2、未取代的C1-6烷基、未取代的2至6元杂烷基、未取代的C3-7环烷基、未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、未取代的C5-6芳基、或未取代的5至6元杂芳基;
每个R12独立地为氢、卤素、NPG、或R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基;
L1为-NHSO2-、-NHC(O)-、NHCO(O)-、-NHC(O)NH-、-NH-、-O-、-S-、或-SO2-;
L2为-NHSO2-、-NHC(O)-、NHCO(O)-、-NHC(O)NH-、-NH-、-O-、-S-、或-SO2-;
每个Ra和Rb独立地为氢、未取代的C1-6烷基、未取代的C1-6卤代烷基、未取代的C1-6烷氧基、未取代的C2-6烯基、未取代的C2-6炔基、未取代的C3-7环烷基、未取代的3至7元杂环烷基、未取代的C5-6芳基、或未取代的5或6元杂芳基;
m为1或2;
n为1或2;
p为1、2、3、4、5或6;以及
环A为C3-6环烷基、3至6元杂环烷基、C5-6芳基、或5或6元杂芳基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物或其药用盐包含式(I)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述化合物或其药用盐包含式(II)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的化合物,其中环A为6元杂环烷基。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的化合物,其中环A为哌啶基。
6.根据权利要求4或权利要求5所述的化合物,其中R12为卤素或C1-3烷基。
7.根据权利要求6所述的化合物,其中n为,p为1或2。
8.根据权利要求6或权利要求7所述的化合物,其中R12为-F。
9.根据权利要求6或权利要求7所述的化合物,其中p为2,且R12为-F和甲基。
11.根据权利要求1至10中任一项所述的化合物,其中R6为氢。
12.根据权利要求1至11中任一项所述的化合物,其中R8为氢。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2为未取代的C1-3烷基。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的化合物,其中R2为甲基。
15.根据权利要求1至14中任一项所述的化合物,其中R3为氢。
16.根据权利要求1至15中任一项所述的化合物,其中R4为-L2-R9-。
17.根据权利要求16所述的化合物,其中L2为-NHSO2-。
18.根据权利要求16所述的化合物,其中L2为-NHC(O)-。
19.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9为R10-取代或未取代的苯基。
20.根据权利要求19所述的化合物,其中R9为R10-取代的苯基,并且R10为卤素。
21.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9为R10-取代或未取代的C3-6环烷基。
22.根据权利要求21所述的化合物,其中R9为未取代的环丙烷基(cyclopropanyl)。
23.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9为2至6元未取代的卤代烷基。
24.根据权利要求23所述的化合物,其中卤代烷基为3,3-二氟丁基。
25.根据权利要求16至18中任一项所述的化合物,其中R9为R10-取代或未取代的C1-3烷基。
26.根据权利要求25所述的化合物,其中R9为未取代的C1-3烷基。
27.根据权利要求1至26中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5为卤素。
28.根据权利要求1至26中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5为氢。
29.根据权利要求1至26中任一项所述的化合物,其中R5为未取代的C1-3烷基。
42.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药用盐,其中所述化合物包括表1的化合物。
43.一种药物组合物,其包含根据权利要求1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐,以及一种或多种药用赋形剂。
44.一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向患有癌症的患者施用有效量的根据权利要求1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐、或根据权利要求43所述的药物组合物。
45.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述癌症为鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌、鳞状细胞肺癌、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌、胃肠癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌、涎腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肛门癌、阴茎癌、或头颈癌。
46.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述癌症为淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、或骨髓增生性疾病(MPD)。
47.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述癌症为多发性骨髓瘤。
48.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述癌症为乳腺癌。
49.根据权利要求48所述的方法,其中所述乳腺癌为三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。
50.根据权利要求44至49中任一项所述的方法,其中所述癌症为Ire1介导的癌症。
51.根据权利要求50所述的方法,其中所述癌症的特征在于增加Ire1的表达。
52.根据权利要求44至51中任一项所述的方法,所述方法进一步包括与所述化合物或其药用盐、或药物组合物组合施用一种或多种其他抗癌疗法。
53.根据权利要求52所述的方法,其中所述抗癌疗法在所述化合物或药物组合物之前施用。
54.根据权利要求52所述的方法,其中所述抗癌疗法在所述化合物或药物组合物之后施用。
55.根据权利要求52所述的方法,其中所述抗癌疗法与所述化合物或药物组合物同时施用。
56.根据权利要求52至55中任一项所述的方法,其中所述抗癌疗法包括皮质类固醇、蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节剂、抗CD38抗体、抗VEGF-A抗体、抗PD-1抗体、抗PD-L1抗体、或抗白介素6抗体、或其组合。
57.根据权利要求56所述的方法,其中所述皮质类固醇包括地塞米松。
58.根据权利要求56所述的方法,其中所述蛋白酶体抑制剂包括卡非佐米、伊沙佐米或硼替佐米。
59.根据权利要求56所述的方法,其中所述免疫调节剂包括来那度胺或泊马度胺。
60.根据权利要求56所述的方法,其中所述抗PD-L1抗体包括阿维单抗、度伐单抗或阿特珠单抗。
61.根据权利要求56所述的方法,其中所述抗PD-1抗体包括派姆单抗或纳武单抗。
62.根据权利要求44至62中任一项所述的方法,其中所述治疗进一步包括施用放射疗法。
63.一种抑制或杀死表达Ire1的癌细胞的方法,所述方法包括使表达Ire1的所述癌细胞与根据权利要求1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐或根据权利要求43所述的药物组合物接触。
64.根据权利要求63所述的方法,其中所述抑制或杀死在体内执行。
65.根据权利要求63或权利要求64所述的方法,其中表达Ire1的所述癌细胞在人体内。
66.一种调节Ire1活性的方法,所述方法包括使Ire1与根据权利要求1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐、或根据权利要求43所述的药物组合物接触。
67.根据权利要求66所述的方法,其中所述Ire1位于癌细胞中。
68.根据权利要求67所述的方法,其中所述癌细胞在人体内。
69.根据权利要求1至42中任一项所述的化合物、或根据权利要求43所述的药物组合物在制备用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
70.根据权利要求69所述的用途,其中所述癌症为鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌、鳞状细胞肺癌、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌、胃肠癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌、涎腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肛门癌、阴茎癌、或头颈癌。
71.根据权利要求69所述的用途,其中所述癌症为淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、或骨髓增生性疾病(MPD)。
72.根据权利要求69所述的用途,其中所述癌症为多发性骨髓瘤。
73.根据权利要求69所述的用途,其中所述癌症为乳腺癌。
74.根据权利要求73所述的用途,其中所述乳腺癌为三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。
75.一种根据权利要求1至42中任一项所述的化合物或其药用盐或根据权利要求43所述的药物组合物,其用于治疗癌症的方法中。
76.根据权利要求75所述的化合物,其中所述癌症为鳞状细胞癌、小细胞肺癌、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)、肺腺癌、鳞状细胞肺癌、腹膜癌、肝细胞癌(hepatocellular cancer)、胃癌、胃肠癌、食道癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、宫颈癌、卵巢癌、肝癌、膀胱癌、乳腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、结肠直肠癌、子宫内膜癌、子宫癌、涎腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、外阴癌、甲状腺癌、肝细胞性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肛门癌、阴茎癌、或头颈癌。
77.根据权利要求75所述的化合物,其中所述癌症为淋巴瘤、淋巴细胞性白血病、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、或骨髓增生性疾病(MPD)。
78.根据权利要求75所述的化合物,其中所述癌症为多发性骨髓瘤。
79.根据权利要求75所述的化合物,其中所述癌症为乳腺癌。
80.根据权利要求79所述的化合物,其中所述乳腺癌为三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)。
81.一种用于治疗癌症的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含:
a)根据权利要求43所述的药物组合物;和
b)使用说明。
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