CN112683563A - Equivalent expansion test system and method for researching two-phase expansion process - Google Patents
Equivalent expansion test system and method for researching two-phase expansion process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
An equivalent expansion test system and method for researching a two-phase expansion process, wherein the test system comprises a flash evaporation working condition adjustment test module, a working medium input module, a working medium output module and a data acquisition assembly; the flash evaporation working condition adjusting and testing module comprises a constant volume flash evaporation cavity, a mass flow meter, a pressure adjusting valve and a vacuum tank which are connected in sequence; the data acquisition assembly comprises a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor which are arranged in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity and used for measuring the gas phase and the liquid phase; solid boundaries which are similar to the various types of expanders in geometry are arranged inside the constant volume flash evaporation cavity, the solid boundaries are driven by the constant volume flash evaporation cavity to rotate, and boundary disturbance which is similar to the actual expanders in motion and geometry is provided. The test method is simple and effective, and solves the problems of difficulty in measuring key parameters, high cost and long period in changing variable speed expansion curves and solid boundary disturbance modes in the conventional two-phase expansion test research.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of expansion testing, and particularly relates to an equivalent expansion testing system and method for researching a two-phase expansion process.
Background
As an important component of the energy strategy in China, the utilization rate of low-grade heat energy such as geothermal energy, industrial waste heat, solar energy and the like with huge body quantity is improved. The two-phase expansion machine is a key device for triangular flash evaporation circulation recovery of waste heat and throttling loss recovery of a refrigeration system. But the detection efficiency is low, and the technical means for improving efficiency is lacked, which is a bottleneck technical problem restricting the popularization and application of the two-phase expander. The two-phase expansion process inside the expander belongs to the non-equilibrium flash phase change process.
Expander efficiency is limited by the flash phase transition strength. The volume of an expansion cavity of the expansion machine is subjected to variable-speed expansion under the limitation of structural parameters, and the pressure drop rate and the liquid superheat degree change in the two-phase expansion process are restrained. The expansion chamber of a two-phase expander is a distorted space whose solid boundary torsional perturbations can significantly affect the flash rate and expansion efficiency. The expansion cavity speed change and expansion and the rotor torsion disturbance have unclear action mechanism of flash phase change in the expansion machine, so that the two-phase expansion machine has low efficiency and deficient synergy technical means.
At present, few test researches are carried out on the flash phase change process in the expansion machine, and the test method is not mature. The existing tests are mostly directly carried out on a prototype or a simulation prototype through the traditional test method, and have the following defects: (1) the temperature sensor is difficult to be directly arranged inside the expansion cavity due to the movement constraint of the rotor, and the temperature of the working medium is difficult to be accurately obtained; (2) the expansion cavity is a closed cavity with variable speed and expansion, and the flash evaporation rate cannot be directly measured; (3) the cost for changing the variable speed capacity expansion curve and the solid boundary disturbance form is high, the period is long, and the influence factors are complex. These problems make the mechanism of the unbalanced flash process of the two-phase expander difficult to study deeply.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an equivalent expansion test system and method for researching a two-phase expansion process, which are used for solving the problems that key physical parameters such as flash phase change and the like are difficult to directly measure in the test process of a prototype machine in the prior art, and simultaneously the cost is high and the period is long when a speed change expansion curve and a solid boundary disturbance form are changed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention has the following technical scheme:
an equivalent expansion test system for researching a two-phase expansion process comprises a flash evaporation working condition adjusting test module, a working medium input module, a working medium output module and a data acquisition assembly; the flash evaporation working condition adjusting and testing module comprises a constant-volume flash evaporation cavity, a mass flow meter, a pressure adjusting valve and a vacuum tank which are sequentially connected, a working medium input module provides working media which accord with the initial state of the operation working condition for the flash evaporation working condition adjusting and testing module, and a working medium output module is used for discharging or recycling the testing working media; the data acquisition assembly comprises a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor which are arranged in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity and used for measuring the gas phase and the liquid phase; solid boundaries which are similar to the various types of expanders in geometry are arranged inside the constant volume flash evaporation cavity, the solid boundaries are driven by the constant volume flash evaporation cavity to rotate, and boundary disturbance which is similar to the actual expanders in motion and geometry is provided.
Preferably, a plurality of temperature sensors for measuring the liquid phase state are arranged in the constant volume flash chamber along different heights of the liquid level.
Preferably, the constant volume flash chamber is driven to rotate by an agitator arranged at the center of the bottom surface.
Preferably, the working medium input module comprises a filter, a liquid storage tank, a working medium pump and a working medium heating assembly which are sequentially connected, wherein the working medium heating assembly is a working medium heating tank on a connecting pipeline or a heating module arranged in the constant-volume flash chamber; the data acquisition assembly further comprises pressure sensors and temperature sensors which are arranged on the vacuum tank, the liquid storage tank and the working medium heating tank, and data of the pressure sensors and the temperature sensors are acquired through an NI data acquisition system.
Preferably, the working medium output module adopts an open type or a closed type; the open working medium output module directly discharges working media without environmental pollution; the closed working medium output module connects the vacuum tank with the working medium input module by adopting a pipeline, and a compressor and a condenser are arranged on the pipeline.
Preferably, the bottom surface of constant volume flash chamber sets up hot working medium import and cold working medium import, sets up the working medium export on the top surface of constant volume flash chamber, and the side of constant volume flash chamber is provided with the visual window, and the data acquisition subassembly still includes the high-speed camera that can observe constant volume flash intracavity phase transition process through the visual window.
The invention also provides a test method of the equivalent expansion test system based on the research of the two-phase expansion process, which comprises the following steps: the working medium input module fills working medium into the flash evaporation working condition adjusting and testing module; after the filling process is finished, a flash evaporation process is carried out in the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity, and flash evaporation steam passes through the mass flow meter and the pressure regulating valve in sequence and is finally expanded to the vacuum tank; if a virtual film capable of maintaining the synchronization of the internal pressure and the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity exists in the vacuum tank, the flash evaporation steam enters the vacuum tank and is wrapped by the virtual film, and the volume is expanded; the mass flowmeter obtains the instantaneous flow of mtCalculating the mass of the working medium in the virtual film according to the following formula:
according to the steam pressure P measured in the constant volume flash evaporation cavityvAnd temperature TvThe volume within the virtual membrane is obtained as:
Vd＝f(Pv,Tv,Md)
the opening of the pressure regulating valve is controlled to make the volume in the virtual membrane approach the variable speed expansion curve of the expansion cavity of the two-phase expansion machine, so that a research model similar to the actual expansion machine in geometry is obtained.
Preferably, if an open working medium output module is adopted, the operation steps are as follows: vacuumizing the test system by using a vacuum pump; heating the working medium to an initial temperature; introducing the working medium into the constant-volume flash chamber, introducing cold working medium, and regulating the initial state by combining a valve between the constant-volume flash chamber and the vacuum tank; after the working medium is introduced into the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity, observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve between the mass flow meter and the vacuum tank, measuring the working medium state of gas-liquid two phases in the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter; after the flash evaporation is finished, the vacuum tank is communicated with the natural environment, and working media are discharged;
if a closed working medium output module is adopted, the operation steps are as follows: heating the temperature of the constant-volume flash chamber to an initial temperature, and vacuumizing a test system by using a vacuum pump; then introducing the working medium into a constant volume flash evaporation cavity; heating a working medium, and adjusting the initial state by combining a valve between the constant volume flash chamber and the vacuum tank; observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve between the mass flow meter and the vacuum tank, measuring the working medium state of gas-liquid two phases in the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter; and after the flash evaporation process is finished, the working medium returns to the liquid storage tank after being pressurized by the compressor and cooled by the condenser.
Preferably, if a motionless component cycle is adopted, the operation steps are as follows:
before the test starts, the lowest point of the vacuum tank is higher than the highest point of the liquid storage tank, and the lowest point of the liquid storage tank is higher than the highest point of the constant volume flash chamber; after the test is started, a vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the test system; the liquid storage tank and the constant-volume flash chamber are communicated, the thermal states in the two containers are consistent, and the working medium automatically flows into the constant-volume flash chamber under the action of gravity; heating a working medium, and adjusting the initial state by combining a valve between the constant volume flash chamber and the vacuum tank; observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve between the mass flow meter and the vacuum tank, measuring the working medium state of gas-liquid two phases in the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter; after the flash evaporation process is finished, the working medium automatically flows back to the liquid storage tank under the action of gravity.
Preferably, if a double cycle is used, the operating steps are as follows:
two constant-volume flash chambers are used for working at the same time;
before the test starts, the lowest point of the vacuum tank is higher than the highest point of the constant volume flash chamber;
after the test is started, a vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the test system; opening the two constant-volume flash chambers, and allowing the working medium to automatically flow into the two constant-volume flash chambers; one constant-volume flash chamber heats working medium, and the initial state is adjusted by combining a valve between the constant-volume flash chamber and the vacuum tank; observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve between a mass flow meter corresponding to the constant volume flash chamber and the vacuum tank, measuring the working medium state of gas-liquid two phases in the constant volume flash chamber by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash quality by using the corresponding mass flow meter; after the flash process is finished, closing the pressure regulating valve corresponding to the constant-volume flash chamber, opening the other constant-volume flash chamber, enabling the thermal states of the two containers to be consistent after the vacuum tank is communicated with the other constant-volume flash chamber, and enabling the working medium to automatically flow to the constant-volume flash chamber under the action of gravity; the constant-volume flash chamber heats working media and adjusts the initial state by combining a valve between the constant-volume flash chamber and the vacuum tank; observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve between a mass flow meter corresponding to the constant volume flash chamber and the vacuum tank, measuring the working medium state of gas-liquid two phases in the constant volume flash chamber by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash quality by using the corresponding mass flow meter; the flash process finishes, closes the pressure regulating valve that this constant volume flash chamber corresponds, opens the former constant volume flash chamber again, so realizes the dual cycle work of two constant volume flash chambers.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the actual variable speed expansion curve inside the expansion machine can be approximated by reasonably controlling the opening of the pressure regulating valve, and the test method is simple and effective; the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity is regular in shape and simple in structure, gets rid of the complicated structure of a prototype, and can be directly provided with a temperature sensor inside, so that the temperature of the working medium in the flash evaporation phase change process can be accurately obtained; the constant-volume flash chamber and the vacuum tank are designed in a split mode, the flash rate can be measured through the mass flow meter, and the problem that the flash rate cannot be directly measured is solved; in order to meet the solid boundary disturbance in the actual process, the solid boundary is arranged in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity, and disturbance control is realized. The solid boundary is driven by the constant volume flash evaporation cavity to rotate, and boundary disturbance similar to the actual expander in motion and geometry is provided. And the solid boundary is convenient to disassemble, the operation condition is controllable, and the problems of high cost and long period in the conventional two-phase expansion test research on changing a variable speed expansion curve and a solid boundary disturbance mode are solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a constant volume flash chamber according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle of equivalent expansion of an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a disturbance of a solid inside a constant volume flash chamber according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an open cycle test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a closed cycle of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a test system cycle without moving parts according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a test system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
in the drawings: 1-a liquid storage tank, 2-a working medium pump, 3-a working medium heating tank, 4-a constant volume flash evaporation cavity, 5-a disturber, 6-a mass flowmeter, 7-a pressure regulating valve, 8-a vacuum tank, 9-a vacuum pump, 10-a compressor, 11-a condenser, 12-a filter, 13-a safety valve, 23-a visible window, 24-a hot working medium inlet, 25-a cold working medium inlet, 26-a pressure sensor, 27-a safety valve interface, 28-a working medium outlet and 29-a temperature sensor; the figures 41-47 and 51-55 and 61-65 and 71-77 are all shut-off valves.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides an equivalent expansion test system for researching a two-phase expansion process, which mainly comprises a flash evaporation working condition adjusting test module, a working medium input module, a working medium output module and a data acquisition assembly. The flash evaporation condition adjustment test module is a core part of the equivalent expansion test method. The flash evaporation working condition adjusting and testing module comprises a constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4, a mass flow meter 6, a pressure adjusting valve 7 and a vacuum tank 8. The constant volume flash chamber 4, the mass flow meter 6, the pressure regulating valve 7 and the vacuum tank 8 are connected in sequence. As shown in fig. 1, pressure and temperature sensors for measuring a gas phase state are arranged in the constant volume flash chamber 4, and a plurality of temperature sensors for measuring a liquid phase state are arranged at the same time. As shown in fig. 2, the principle of the equivalent expansion test system is: after the filling process is finished, a flash evaporation process occurs in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4, flash evaporation steam passes through the mass flow meter 6 and the pressure regulating valve 7 in sequence and finally expands to the vacuum tank 8. If a virtual film capable of maintaining the internal pressure and the flash evaporation cavity to be synchronous exists in the vacuum tank 8, after flash evaporation occurs, flash evaporation steam enters the vacuum tank through the regulating valve and is wrapped by the virtual film, and the volume is expanded.
The instantaneous flow m is obtained by the mass flowmeter 6tCalculating the mass of the working medium in the virtual film as follows:
according to the steam pressure P measured in the constant volume flash chamber 4vAnd temperature TvThe volume within the virtual membrane can be obtained as:
Vd＝f(Pv,Tv,Md)
therefore, the equivalent expansion test method only needs to control the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve 7 to enable the volume in the virtual membrane to approach the variable speed expansion curve of the expansion cavity of the two-phase expansion machine, and a research model similar to the actual expansion machine in geometry can be obtained. The constant volume flash chamber 4 is regular in shape and simple in structure, the temperature sensor 29 can be directly arranged inside the constant volume flash chamber, and the liquid temperature can be accurately obtained. The split design of constant volume flash chamber 4 and vacuum tank 8, the flash rate accessible mass flow meter 6 is measured.
As shown in fig. 3, the constant volume flash chamber 4 of the equivalent expansion test system in the two-phase expansion process of the present invention may have a solid boundary arranged therein, which is similar to the geometry of various types of expanders and is driven by an external motor to rotate, so as to provide boundary disturbance similar to the actual expander motion and geometry. The solid boundary is convenient to disassemble, the operation condition is controllable, and the problems of high cost and long period in the two-phase expansion test research of changing a variable speed expansion curve and a solid boundary disturbance mode are solved.
The working medium input module provides working medium which accords with the initial state of the operation condition for the flash evaporation regulating loop, and mainly comprises a filter 12, a liquid storage tank 1, a working medium pump 2 and a working medium heating tank 3, and the heating tank 3 can be removed if a constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 with a heating function is used. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the working medium output module includes two open and closed types. The working medium output module is mainly used for directly discharging working medium which does not pollute the environment, such as water, to the natural environment. The open working medium output module mainly comprises a vacuum pump 9. The closed working medium output module mainly comprises a vacuum pump 9, a compressor 10 and a condenser 11, and the condenser 10 can be removed if the vacuum tank 8 has a condensation function. The data acquisition assembly comprises a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, an NI data acquisition system and a high-speed camera. As shown in FIG. 6, the equivalent expansion test system in the two-phase expansion process of the invention can utilize the self-gravity of the working medium to complete the charging and the recovery of the working medium, thereby removing the working medium pump 2 and the compressor 10, reducing moving parts, simplifying the system and increasing the reliability of the system. As shown in fig. 7, two constant volume flash chambers 4 can be arranged in parallel to form a dual system cycle, thereby improving the testing efficiency.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 4, the equivalent expansion test method of the present invention may employ an open cycle.
The working medium output module of the open system is directly communicated with the atmosphere.
1) Preparation work before the test was started: each testing device is inspected to ensure that each testing device is good and nondestructive; keeping the test system in the highest pressure operation condition to perform the air tightness test of the test system; calibrating a test instrument; filling the liquid storage tank 1 with the test working medium; the valve on the test system is closed.
2) And (3) a testing stage:
opening the stop valves 44-46, communicating the vacuum pump 9, the vacuum tank 8, the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity 4 and the working medium heating tank 3, and vacuumizing the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity by using the vacuum pump 9; closing all valves; then the stop valve 42 is opened, the working medium is injected into the working medium heating tank 3, and the water is heated to the initial temperature; introducing a working medium into the constant volume flash chamber 4, opening the stop valve 43 to introduce a cold working medium, and adjusting the initial state by combining the stop valve 45 between the constant volume flash chamber 4 and the vacuum tank 8; after water is introduced into the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity 4, observing the state of the working medium through a visual window 23, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve 7 between a mass flow meter 6 and a vacuum tank 8, measuring the working medium states of gas phase and liquid phase in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 by using a pressure sensor 26 and a temperature sensor 29, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter 6; and (5) after the flash evaporation is finished, opening a stop valve 47 on the vacuum tank 8, communicating the natural environment and discharging the working medium.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 5, the equivalent expansion test method of the present invention may employ a closed cycle.
The working medium output module of closed circulation retrieves working medium to 1 jar of stock solution, and this embodiment uses constant volume flash chamber 4 that has the heating function, consequently gets rid of working medium heating tank 3.
1) Preparation work before the test was started: each testing device is inspected to ensure that each testing device is good and nondestructive; keeping the test system in the highest pressure operation condition to perform the air tightness test of the test system; calibrating a test instrument; filling the liquid storage tank 1 with the test working medium; the valve on the test system is closed.
2) And (3) a testing stage: after the test is started, the temperature of the constant volume flash chamber 4 is heated to the initial temperature, and preheating is carried out; opening valves 53 and 54, communicating the vacuum pump 9, the vacuum tank 8 and the constant-volume flash chamber 4, and vacuumizing the constant-volume flash chamber by using the vacuum pump 9; closing all valves; opening a valve 52 between the working medium pump 2 and the volumetric flash evaporation cavity 4, and introducing the working medium into the volumetric flash evaporation cavity 4; heating working media, and adjusting the initial state by combining a valve 53 between the volumetric flash evaporation cavity 4 and the vacuum tank 8; observing the state of the working medium through the visual window 23, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve 7 between a mass flow meter 6 and a vacuum tank 8, measuring the working medium state of gas-liquid two phases in a flash evaporation cavity by using a pressure sensor 26 and a temperature sensor 29, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter 6; after the flash evaporation process is finished, opening a valve 55 between the vacuum tank 8 and the compressor 10; the compressor 10 is started, the condenser 11 is filled with condensed water, and the working medium returns to the liquid storage tank 1 after being pressurized by the compressor 10 and cooled by the condenser 11.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 6, the equivalent expansion test method of the present invention may employ a passive component cycle.
The passive part cycle does not use the working fluid pump 2 and the compressor 10, and the present embodiment uses the vacuum tank 8 with a condensing device, thus eliminating the external condenser 11.
1) Preparation work before the test was started:
the vacuum tank 8, the liquid storage tank 1 and the constant-volume flash chamber 4 are reasonably arranged, so that the lowest point of the vacuum tank 8 is higher than the highest point of the liquid storage tank 1, and the lowest point of the liquid storage tank 1 is higher than the highest point of the constant-volume flash chamber 4; each testing device is inspected to ensure that each testing device is good and nondestructive; keeping the test system in the highest pressure operation condition to perform the air tightness test of the test system; calibrating a test instrument; filling the liquid storage tank 1 with the test working medium; the valve on the equivalent expansion test system was closed.
2) And (3) a testing stage: after the test is started, the valves 63 and 65 are opened firstly, the vacuum pump 9, the vacuum tank 8 and the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 are communicated, and the vacuum pump 9 is used for vacuumizing the constant volume flash evaporation cavity; closing all valves; then opening a valve 62 between the liquid storage tank 8 and the constant volume flash chamber 4, keeping the thermal states of the two communicated containers consistent, and enabling the working medium to automatically flow into the constant volume flash chamber 4 under the action of gravity; heating working media, and adjusting the initial state by combining a valve 63 between the constant volume flash chamber 4 and the vacuum tank 8; observing the state of the working medium through the visual window 23, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve 7 between a mass flow meter 6 and a vacuum tank 8, measuring the working medium states of gas phase and liquid phase in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 by using a pressure sensor 26 and a temperature sensor 29, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter 6; after the flash evaporation process is finished, a valve 64 between the vacuum tank 8 and the liquid storage tank 1 is opened, the thermal states of the two containers are consistent after the vacuum tank is communicated with the liquid storage tank 8 and the liquid storage tank 1, and the working medium automatically flows back to the liquid storage tank 1 under the action of gravity.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 7, the equivalent expansion test method of the present invention may employ a double cycle.
The dual cycle system works with two constant volume flash chambers 4 simultaneously.
1) Preparation work before the test was started: the vacuum tank 8 and the constant-volume flash chamber 4 are reasonably arranged, and the lowest point of the vacuum tank 8 is higher than the highest point of the constant-volume flash chamber 4; each testing device is inspected to ensure that each testing device is good and nondestructive; keeping the test system in the highest pressure operation condition to perform the air tightness test of the test system; calibrating a test instrument; filling the liquid storage tank 1 with the test working medium; the valve on the test system is closed.
2) And (3) a testing stage: after the test is started, the valves 72, 73 and 76 are opened, the vacuum pump 9, the vacuum tank 8 and the two constant volume flash chambers 4 are communicated, and the vacuum pump 9 is used for vacuumizing; closing all valves; opening valves 71 and 75, and allowing the working medium to automatically flow into the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity 4; the constant volume flash chamber 4 on the left side in the figure heats working media, and the initial state is adjusted by combining a valve 72 between the constant volume flash chamber 4 on the left side and the vacuum tank 8; observing the state of the working medium through the visual window 23, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve 7 between the left mass flow meter 6 and the vacuum tank 8, measuring the working medium state of gas-liquid two phases in the left constant volume flash chamber 4 by using a pressure sensor 26 and a temperature sensor 29, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the left mass flow meter 6; after the flash evaporation process is finished, the pressure regulating valve 7 on the left side is closed, a valve 77 between the bottom of the vacuum tank 8 and the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 on the right side in the figure is opened, the thermal states in the two containers are consistent after the vacuum tank 8 and the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 on the right side are communicated, and the working medium automatically flows to the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 on the right side under the action of gravity; the right constant volume flash chamber 4 heats the working medium, and the initial state is adjusted by combining the valve 76 between the right constant volume flash chamber 4 and the vacuum tank 8; observing the state of the working medium through the visual window 23, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening the pressure regulating valve 7 on the right side, measuring the working medium states of gas phase and liquid phase in the constant volume flash chamber 4 on the right side by using a pressure sensor 26 and a temperature sensor 29, and measuring the flash quality by using the mass flow meter 6 on the right side; after the flash evaporation process is finished, the pressure regulating valve 7 on the right side is closed, the valve 74 between the bottom of the vacuum tank 8 and the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 on the left side is opened, the thermal states of the two containers are consistent after the vacuum tank 8 and the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 on the left side are communicated, and the working medium automatically flows to the constant volume flash evaporation cavity 4 on the left side under the action of gravity; thus, the working modes of the double circulation systems of the two flash chambers are alternately realized.
The above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the technical solution of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the technical solution can be modified and replaced by a plurality of simple modifications and replacements without departing from the spirit and principle of the present invention, and the modifications and replacements also fall into the protection scope covered by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. An equivalent expansion test system for researching a two-phase expansion process is characterized in that: the flash evaporation working condition regulation test device comprises a flash evaporation working condition regulation test module, a working medium input module, a working medium output module and a data acquisition assembly; the flash evaporation working condition adjusting and testing module comprises a constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4), a mass flow meter (6), a pressure regulating valve (7) and a vacuum tank (8) which are sequentially connected, a working medium input module provides working media which accord with the initial state of the operation working condition for the flash evaporation working condition adjusting and testing module, and a working medium output module is used for discharging or recycling the testing working media; the data acquisition assembly comprises a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor which are arranged in the constant volume flash chamber (4) and used for measuring the gas phase and liquid phase states; solid boundaries which are similar to the geometries of various types of expanders are arranged in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4), the solid boundaries are driven by the constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4) to rotate, and boundary disturbance which is similar to the actual expander in motion and geometry is provided.
2. The equivalent expansion test system for studying the two-phase expansion process of claim 1, wherein:
and a plurality of temperature sensors for measuring the liquid phase state are arranged in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4) along different heights of the liquid level.
3. The equivalent expansion test system for studying the two-phase expansion process of claim 1, wherein:
the constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4) is driven to rotate by a disturber (5) arranged in the center of the bottom surface.
4. The equivalent expansion test system for studying the two-phase expansion process of claim 1, wherein: the working medium input module comprises a filter (12), a liquid storage tank (1), a working medium pump (2) and a working medium heating assembly which are sequentially connected, wherein the working medium heating assembly is a working medium heating tank (3) on a connecting pipeline or a heating module arranged in a constant-volume flash chamber (4); the data acquisition assembly further comprises pressure sensors and temperature sensors which are arranged on the vacuum tank (8), the liquid storage tank (1) and the working medium heating tank (3), and data of the pressure sensors and the temperature sensors are acquired through an NI data acquisition system.
5. The equivalent expansion test system for studying the two-phase expansion process of claim 1, wherein:
the working medium output module adopts an open type or a closed type;
the open working medium output module directly discharges working media without environmental pollution; the closed working medium output module is used for connecting the vacuum tank (8) with the working medium input module by adopting a pipeline, and a compressor (10) and a condenser (11) are arranged on the pipeline.
6. The equivalent expansion test system for studying the two-phase expansion process of claim 1, wherein:
the bottom surface of constant volume flash chamber (4) sets up hot working medium import (24) and cold working medium import (25), sets up working medium export (28) on the top surface of constant volume flash chamber (4), and the side of constant volume flash chamber (4) is provided with visual window (23), and the data acquisition subassembly still includes can observe the high-speed camera of phase change process in constant volume flash chamber (4) through visual window (23).
7. A method for testing an equivalent expansion test system based on the study of a two-phase expansion process according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of: the working medium input module fills working medium into the flash evaporation working condition adjusting and testing module; after the filling process is finished, a flash evaporation process is carried out in the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity (4), and flash evaporation steam passes through the mass flow meter (6) and the pressure regulating valve (7) in sequence and finally expands to the vacuum tank (8); if a virtual film capable of maintaining the internal pressure and the constant-volume flash chamber (4) to be synchronous exists in the vacuum tank (8), the flash steam is wrapped by the virtual film after entering the vacuum tank (8), and the volume is expanded; the mass flowmeter (6) obtains the instantaneous flow of mtCalculating the mass of the working medium in the virtual film according to the following formula:
according to the steam pressure P measured in the constant volume flash chamber (4)vAnd temperature TvThe volume within the virtual membrane is obtained as:
Vd＝f(Pv,Tv,Md)
the opening degree of the pressure regulating valve (7) is controlled, so that the volume in the virtual membrane approaches to a variable speed expansion curve of an expansion cavity of the two-phase expansion machine, and a research model similar to the actual expansion machine in geometry is obtained.
8. The test method of claim 7, wherein:
if an open working medium output module is adopted, the operation steps are as follows: vacuumizing the test system by using a vacuum pump (9); heating the working medium to an initial temperature; then introducing the working medium into the constant volume flash chamber (4), simultaneously introducing a cold working medium, and adjusting the initial state by combining a valve between the constant volume flash chamber (4) and the vacuum tank (8); after the working medium is introduced into the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity (4), observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve (7) between a mass flow meter (6) and a vacuum tank (8), measuring the working medium states of gas phase and liquid phase in the constant volume flash chamber (4) by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter (6); after the flash evaporation is finished, the vacuum tank (8) is communicated with the natural environment, and working media are discharged;
if a closed working medium output module is adopted, the operation steps are as follows: heating the temperature of the constant-volume flash chamber (4) to an initial temperature, and vacuumizing a test system by using a vacuum pump (9); then introducing the working medium into a constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4); heating working media, and adjusting the initial state by combining a valve between the constant volume flash chamber (4) and the vacuum tank (8); observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve (7) between a mass flow meter (6) and a vacuum tank (8), measuring the working medium states of gas phase and liquid phase in the constant volume flash chamber (4) by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter (6); after the flash evaporation process is finished, the working medium returns to the liquid storage tank (1) after being pressurized by the compressor (10) and cooled by the condenser (11).
9. The test method of claim 7, wherein:
if the circulation of the motionless part is adopted, the operation steps are as follows:
before the test is started, the lowest point of the vacuum tank (8) is higher than the highest point of the liquid storage tank (1), and the lowest point of the liquid storage tank (1) is higher than the highest point of the constant volume flash chamber (4); after the test is started, the test system is vacuumized by using a vacuum pump (9); the liquid storage tank (1) and the constant-volume flash chamber (4) are communicated, the heat states in the two containers are consistent, and the working medium automatically flows into the constant-volume flash chamber (4) under the action of gravity; heating working media, and adjusting the initial state by combining a valve between the constant volume flash chamber (4) and the vacuum tank (8); observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve (7) between a mass flow meter (6) and a vacuum tank (8), measuring the working medium states of gas phase and liquid phase in the constant volume flash chamber (4) by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the mass flow meter (6); after the flash evaporation process is finished, the working medium automatically flows back to the liquid storage tank (1) under the action of gravity.
10. The test method of claim 7, wherein:
if double circulation is adopted, the operation steps are as follows:
two constant volume flash chambers (4) are used for working at the same time;
before the test is started, the lowest point of the vacuum tank (8) is higher than the highest point of the constant-volume flash chamber (4);
after the test is started, the test system is vacuumized by using a vacuum pump (9); opening the two constant-volume flash chambers (4), and allowing the working medium to automatically flow into the two constant-volume flash chambers (4); one constant volume flash chamber (4) heats working medium, and adjusts the initial state by combining with a valve between the constant volume flash chamber (4) and the vacuum tank (8); observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve (7) between a mass flow meter (6) corresponding to the constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4) and the vacuum tank (8), measuring the working medium states of gas-liquid two phases in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4) by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the corresponding mass flow meter (6); after the flash evaporation process is finished, closing the pressure regulating valve (7) corresponding to the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity (4), then opening the other constant-volume flash evaporation cavity (4), enabling the thermal states in the two containers to be consistent after the vacuum tank (8) and the other constant-volume flash evaporation cavity (4) are communicated, and enabling the working medium to automatically flow to the constant-volume flash evaporation cavity (4) under the action of gravity; the constant-volume flash chamber (4) heats working media and adjusts the initial state by combining a valve between the constant-volume flash chamber (4) and the vacuum tank (8); observing the state of the working medium, and measuring the filling amount of the working medium; opening a pressure regulating valve (7) between a mass flow meter (6) corresponding to the constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4) and the vacuum tank (8), measuring the working medium states of gas-liquid two phases in the constant volume flash evaporation cavity (4) by using a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor, and measuring the flash evaporation quality by using the corresponding mass flow meter (6); the flash distillation process finishes, closes pressure regulating valve (7) that this constant volume flash chamber (4) correspond, opens preceding constant volume flash chamber (4) again, so realizes the dual cycle work of two constant volume flash chambers (4).
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