CN112680661A - Alloy steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Alloy steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112680661A CN112680661A CN202011443132.3A CN202011443132A CN112680661A CN 112680661 A CN112680661 A CN 112680661A CN 202011443132 A CN202011443132 A CN 202011443132A CN 112680661 A CN112680661 A CN 112680661A
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Abstract
The invention discloses alloy steel and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of alloy steel. The alloy steel comprises the following chemical components: 0.4-0.48% of C, 1.3-1.6% of Mn, 1.8-2.5% of Cr, 1.2-1.5% of Si, 0.08-0.12% of V, 0.2-0.5% of Cu, 0.021-0.08% of Zr, 0.002-0.004% of B, 0.003-0.011% of N, 0.01-0.03% of rare earth Re, less than or equal to 0.04% of S, less than or equal to 0.04% of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The alloy steel has excellent and stable impact wear resistance, high hardness and high toughness. The preparation method can be prepared according to the chemical components, and has the advantages of simple preparation process and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of alloy steel, and particularly relates to alloy steel and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The wear-resistant steel is widely applied to key industry components related to national economic life lines of mines, cement, electric power, coal mines, maritime works, petrifaction and the like. After a hundred years of development, wear-resistant steel materials have formed several large systems such as high manganese steel, white cast iron, high chromium cast iron, alloy steel and the like.
Aiming at components with larger demand, such as a mine wet type semi-autogenous mill lining plate, a shovel tooth of an ocean dredging dredger and the like, the wear-resisting wear-. Due to the special characteristics of the working conditions, these components are often subjected to strong impact, and therefore, it is necessary to select an impact-resistant wear-resistant material having both good toughness and hardness.
The cast iron material is easy to break and fracture due to poor toughness, and is often difficult to be qualified in the environment; high manganese steel has been an important candidate material under impact wear conditions as one of the most widely used steel types in the wear-resistant field. However, in the actual use process, the work hardening effect of the high manganese steel is difficult to be excited under the working condition with lower impact action (such as the working condition of a small-size ball mill), the initial wear resistance of the high manganese steel is poor, and the wear consumption is fast; and for the working condition with higher impact action (such as the working condition of relieving teeth or the working condition of a large-size ball mill), the defects that the high manganese steel is easy to deform and break after hardening are obvious. Therefore, the general high manganese steel is only suitable for the abrasion working condition with moderate impact degree.
The wear-resistant alloy steel is a type of steel which is paid more attention by researchers in recent years, and at present, the impact-resistant wear-resistant alloy steel has the common problems of high cost, incapability of combining toughness and hardness, unstable performance and the like.
In view of this, the invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide alloy steel and a preparation method thereof, so as to overcome the technical problems.
The application can be realized as follows:
in a first aspect, the present application provides an alloy steel, comprising the following chemical components by mass percent: 0.4-0.48% of C, 1.3-1.6% of Mn, 1.8-2.5% of Cr, 1.2-1.5% of Si, 0.08-0.12% of V, 0.2-0.5% of Cu, 0.021-0.08% of Zr, 0.002-0.004% of B, 0.003-0.011% of N, 0.01-0.03% of rare earth Re, less than or equal to 0.04% of S, less than or equal to 0.04% of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
In an alternative embodiment, the alloy steel chemistry comprises: 0.45-0.48% of C, 1.3-1.5% of Mn, 1.8-2.2% of Cr, 1.3-1.5% of Si, 0.1-0.12% of V, 0.4-0.5% of Cu, 0.05-0.08% of Zr, 0.002-0.004% of B, 0.005-0.011% of N, 0.01-0.03% of rare earth Re, less than or equal to 0.04% of S, less than or equal to 0.04% of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
In an alternative embodiment, the rare earth Re is a yttrium based rare earth.
In an alternative embodiment, the mass ratio of Zr to N is not less than 7.
In an alternative embodiment, the steel alloy contains tempered martensite and dispersed nano precipitated zirconides.
In an alternative embodiment, the alloy steel contains nano-sized ZrN hard phase particles.
In an alternative embodiment, the alloy steel contains Zr-O-Mn-S composite inclusions.
In an alternative embodiment, the alloy steel has a hardness ≧ 56 HRC.
In an alternative embodiment, the difference in hardness between the surface of the alloy steel and the center of the alloy steel does not exceed 1 HRC.
In an alternative embodiment, the room temperature impact absorption work of the alloy steel is more than or equal to 80J/cm2。
In a second aspect, the present application also provides a method of making a steel alloy as in any of the preceding embodiments, comprising the steps of: preparing alloy steel according to chemical components.
In an alternative embodiment, the preparing comprises pouring molten steel containing the above-described chemical composition in a ladle.
In an alternative embodiment, the casting is performed at 1520-1570 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, before pouring, the molten steel is subjected to composite modification treatment by using a composite modifier, wherein the molten steel is obtained by smelting a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source, a nitrogen source, a vanadium source and a copper source which are used for providing partial chemical components in chemical components. The composite alterant contains Zr, B and RE compounds.
In an alternative embodiment, the particle size of the ferrozirconium, ferroboron and rare earth compound in the composite alterant is not higher than 10 mm.
In an alternative embodiment, the composite inoculant is dried at 180 ℃ for at least 2h at 150 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the temperature of the melting is 1580-1650 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, the complex modification treatment is performed during pouring of the molten steel into a ladle.
In an alternative embodiment, the composite modifying treatment is to add the composite modifying agent to the ladle in portions during pouring of the molten steel into the ladle.
In an alternative embodiment, the composite inoculant is added to the ladle in at least three portions.
In an alternative embodiment, the molten steel is poured into a ladle after the preheating treatment.
In an alternative embodiment, the preheating treatment is preheating at a temperature of at least 600 ℃ for at least 2 h.
In an alternative embodiment, the deoxidation treatment of the molten steel is further included before pouring into the ladle.
In an alternative embodiment, before pouring into the ladle, the method further comprises adjusting the temperature of the deoxidized molten steel to 1570-1590 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, after pouring into a ladle, the molten steel poured into the ladle is subjected to a standing treatment.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises annealing the cast product obtained by pouring.
In an optional embodiment, the annealing treatment is to heat the casting to 600-650 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, preserve heat for 3-5h, heat the casting to 950-1050 ℃ at a speed of 60-80 ℃/h, preserve heat for 5-8h, and then cool the casting. Alternatively, the cooling in the annealing treatment is furnace air cooling.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises performing a quenching treatment after the annealing treatment.
In an optional embodiment, the quenching treatment is that the casting after the annealing treatment is heated to 650 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 3-5h, then the casting is heated to 920 ℃ at a speed of 80-100 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 3-5h, and then the casting is cooled. Alternatively, the cooling in the quenching process is oil cooling.
In an alternative embodiment, the method further comprises tempering after the quenching treatment.
In an optional embodiment, the tempering treatment is to heat the casting subjected to the quenching treatment to 180-250 ℃ in a speed rate of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, and cool the casting after heat preservation for 5-8 h. Alternatively, the cooling in the tempering treatment is air cooling.
The following beneficial effects of the application include:
compared with the wear-resistant alloy steel commonly used in the field at present, the wear-resistant alloy steel cancels the addition of noble metal elements such as Mo and Ni, and is replaced by adding trace elements B, Zr and N, so that the raw material cost of the alloy steel is relatively low. Trace Zr, B and N elements can play a role in the composite modification of the wear-resistant steel. Through the mutual cooperation of all chemical components, the wear resistance of the alloy steel can be effectively enhanced, and the hardness and toughness of the alloy steel can be improved. The preparation method can be prepared according to the chemical components, and has the advantages of simple preparation process and low cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a high-power scanning electron microscope tissue diagram of the zirconium-boron-nitrogen composite strengthened impact-wear-resistant alloy steel provided in embodiment 1 of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
The steel alloy and the preparation method thereof provided by the present application are specifically described below.
The application provides an alloy steel, by mass percent, its chemical composition includes: 0.4-0.48% of C, 1.3-1.6% of Mn, 1.8-2.5% of Cr, 1.2-1.5% of Si, 0.08-0.12% of V, 0.2-0.5% of Cu, 0.021-0.08% of Zr, 0.002-0.004% of B, 0.003-0.011% of N, 0.01-0.03% of rare earth Re, less than or equal to 0.04% of S, less than or equal to 0.04% of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The content of C may be 0.4%, 0.41%, 0.42%, 0.43%, 0.44%, 0.45%, 0.46%, 0.47%, or 0.48% by mass, or any other content value within the range of 0.4 to 0.48%.
The Mn content may be 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, 1.6%, or the like, or may be any other content value within the range of 1.3 to 1.6% by mass.
The content of Cr may be 1.8%, 1.9%, 2%, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.3%, 2.4%, 2.5% or the like by mass, or may be any other content value within a range of 1.8 to 2.5%.
The content of Si may be 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.4%, 1.5%, or the like, or may be any other content value within the range of 1.2 to 1.5% by mass.
The content of V may be 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, or any other content value within the range of 0.08-0.12%.
The Cu content may be 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, or any other content value within a range of 0.2 to 0.5% by mass.
The mass percentage content of Zr can be 0.021%, 0.025%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07% or 0.08%, etc., and can also be any other content value within the range of 0.021-0.08%.
The content of B may be 0.002%, 0.0025%, 0.003%, 0.0035%, or 0.004%, or any other content value within the range of 0.002-0.004%.
The content of N may be 0.003%, 0.005%, 0.008%, 0.01%, 0.011% or the like, or may be any other content value within the range of 0.003-0.011%.
The content of the rare earth Re may be 0.01%, 0.015%, 0.02%, 0.025%, 0.03%, or any other content value within the range of 0.01 to 0.03% by mass.
It is noted that, in a specific arrangement, the above ranges of the amounts of the chemical components can be combined with each other.
In an alternative embodiment, the chemistry of the alloy steel may include: 0.45-0.48% of C, 1.3-1.5% of Mn, 1.8-2.2% of Cr, 1.3-1.5% of Si, 0.1-0.12% of V, 0.4-0.5% of Cu, 0.05-0.08% of Zr, 0.002-0.004% of B, 0.005-0.011% of N, 0.01-0.03% of rare earth Re, less than or equal to 0.04% of S, less than or equal to 0.04% of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
Among them, C is one of the most basic elements in steel, and its content greatly affects the structure and mechanical properties of steel, and for impact-resistant wear-resistant alloy steel, it is necessary to achieve both hardness and toughness. With the increase of the content of C, the hardness of the steel is improved, and the toughness is reduced. In general, the content of C in the present application is controlled to be in the range of 0.4-0.48%.
Mn is one of austenite stabilizing elements and strengthening key elements, is also a good deoxidizer and a desulfurizer, but excessive addition can affect weldability and toughness. In order to ensure a low oxygen content and sufficient hardenability in the final alloy steel, the Mn content is controlled to be 1.3-1.6%.
The Cr element is one of the most important elements for improving the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the steel, can improve the hardenability of the steel, and is also an important element influencing the high cost and the low cost of the steel, and the addition of a proper amount of the chromium can improve the wear resistance of the steel without reducing the toughness of the steel. The Cr content is controlled to be 1.8-2.5%.
Si element is one of deoxidizing elements of steel, and meanwhile, the proper amount of Si element is added to enhance the strength of the steel while ensuring that the toughness of the steel is not degraded clearly, and the content of Si element is controlled to be 1.2-1.5%.
V is a strong carbide forming element and can obviously refine grains, but is a high-cost element, and the content range of the V is controlled to be 0.08-0.12%.
The corrosion resistance of the steel can be improved by adding a proper amount of Cu into the steel, and the content of the Cu is controlled to be 0.2-0.5% by adding a proper amount of Cu in the steel considering that the steel in the application can be applied to a weak corrosion environment.
Zr element is strong deoxidizing element and carbon-philic and nitrogen element, and can only play a role of deoxidizing when directly added into molten steel. The inventor finds that the addition of the additive and other elements such as N, B and the like can form a composite hard phase in steel, optimize the size and distribution of inclusions in the steel, and reasonably and slightly add the additive to improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and toughness of the steel, but excessive addition can increase the inclusions to influence various properties of the steel. Therefore, the content range of the compound is controlled to be 0.015 to 0.08 percent in the application.
B has a very strong ability to improve the hardenability of steel and has a positive effect on improving the hardenability of steel, but is difficult to exert its effect because it is easily reacted with N and the like in steel. The composite addition of the boron element, zirconium and rare earth ensures effective solid solution of the boron element in steel by utilizing the strong deoxidation effect of the zirconium and the rare earth and the carbon-philic and nitrogen-philic properties of the zirconium so as to play an important role. The content of the compound is controlled to be 0.002-0.004 percent in the application.
N is one of solid solution elements of steel, expands an austenite phase region, and can generate extremely stable nitride with chromium, aluminum and vanadium, especially zirconium, thereby achieving the effects of hardening and strengthening. But excessive nitrogen causes embrittlement of the steel. The content range of the compound is controlled to be 0.003-0.01%.
The rare earth Re in this application refers to misch metal. In an alternative embodiment, the rare earth Re is a yttrium based rare earth. The rare earth elements can play a good role in desulfurization and deoxidation in steel, purify steel and change the form and distribution of inclusions in the steel. Particularly, Y in the rare earth elements can act together with Zr to compound the inclusions Y-Zr in the steel, and the inclusions are more uniformly dispersed and have low conductivity, thereby having an important effect on improving the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the steel. The content range is controlled to be 0.01-0.03% in the present application.
P, S as impurity element seriously damages the toughness and plasticity of steel, and the content is controlled to be less than or equal to 0.04 percent.
In some preferred embodiments, the mass ratio of Zr to N is not less than 7, which enables the zirconium element to exert other effects besides the key role of precipitating ZrN in nanometer, such as inclusion modification and grain refinement.
In an alternative embodiment, the steel alloy contains tempered martensite and dispersed nano precipitated zirconides.
In an alternative embodiment, the alloy steel contains nano-sized ZrN hard phase particles.
In an alternative embodiment, the alloy steel contains Zr-O-Mn-S composite inclusions.
Compared with the wear-resistant alloy steel commonly used in the field at present, the wear-resistant alloy steel cancels the addition of noble metal elements such as Mo and Ni, replaces the noble metal elements by adding trace elements B, Zr and N, and ensures that the cost of alloy steel raw materials is relatively low. Trace Zr, B and N elements can play a role in the composite modification of the wear-resistant steel. Through the mutual cooperation of all chemical components, the wear resistance of the alloy steel can be effectively enhanced, and the hardness and toughness of the alloy steel can be improved.
In an alternative embodiment, the alloy steel has a hardness ≧ 56HRC, such as 56.5HRC, 57.5HRC, or 58.4HRC, and the like.
In an alternative embodiment, the surface of the alloy steel has a hardness differential with the center of the alloy steel of no more than 1HRC, such as a hardness differential of 0.5HRC, 0.8HRC, or 1HRC, and the like.
In an alternative embodiment, the room temperature impact absorption work (impact toughness) of the alloy steel is more than or equal to 80J/cm2E.g. 81.5J/cm2、85.6J/cm2Or 91.2J/cm2And the like.
In addition, the application also provides a preparation method of the alloy steel, and the preparation method can comprise the following steps: preparing alloy steel according to chemical components.
In an alternative embodiment, the preparing includes pouring the molten steel containing the above-described chemical composition in a ladle to obtain a casting.
In alternative embodiments, the casting may be performed at 1520 and 1570 deg.C (e.g., 1520 deg.C, 1530 deg.C, 1550 deg.C, 1570 deg.C, etc.).
In an alternative embodiment, the molten steel is subjected to composite modification treatment by using a composite modifier before casting. The molten steel is obtained by smelting a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source, a nitrogen source, a vanadium source and a copper source which are used for providing part of chemical components. The composite alterant contains Zr, B and RE compounds.
In an alternative embodiment, the particle size of the ferrozirconium, ferroboron and rare earth compound in the composite alterant is not higher than 10 mm. It is worth to be noted that the critical particle size value is beneficial to the full mixing and dispersion of the three, the large particle size has a general dispersion and mixing effect, and the segregation of zirconium and rare earth is easy to occur finally.
In an alternative embodiment, the composite inoculant is dried for at least 2 hours at 180 ℃ (e.g., 150 ℃, 160 ℃, 170 ℃ or 180 ℃, etc.). If the mixture is not dried or is not dried fully, the modifier is easy to be partially polymerized, and the modification effect is not obvious and uniform. The low drying temperature can lead to poor drying effect, and the high temperature consumes electric energy, and is of little significance.
In actual operation, the composite modifier containing ferrozirconium, ferroboron and rare earth compound can be wrapped by iron sheet.
In alternative embodiments, the temperature of the melting may be 1580-1650 ℃, such as 1580 ℃, 1600 ℃, or 1650 ℃ and the like. In reference, smelting can be carried out in a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, so that the operation is convenient, and the processing cost is reduced. Here, "intermediate frequency" refers to an induction furnace having a frequency in the range of 150-10000 Hz.
In the present application, the complex modification treatment is performed during pouring of molten steel into a ladle (hereinafter also referred to as a ladle).
In an alternative embodiment, the composite modifying treatment is to add the composite modifying agent to the ladle in portions during pouring of the molten steel into the ladle. Preferably, the composite inoculant is added to the ladle in at least three portions.
The adding mode protects zirconium element and boron element from smoothly entering the interior of steel, reduces burning loss of key elements and further plays respective roles. Specifically, the zirconium iron, the rare earth and the ferroboron are fully mixed and then added for multiple times in the process of pouring molten steel into a ladle, so that the uniformity of the composite modifier in the molten steel is ensured, and the modification treatment is more sufficient. Moreover, the rare earth, the zirconium and the rare earth are mixed and added, so that on one hand, the rare earth can be fully deoxidized, the deoxidizing consumption of the zirconium element is reduced, and the adding effect of the zirconium element is ensured; on the other hand, the zirconium element preferentially reacts with nitrogen in the molten steel, so that the interaction probability of the boron element and the nitrogen is greatly reduced, the boron element can be dissolved into the steel in a solid manner, and the hardenability and hardenability of the boron element are strongly promoted. The stability of the performance of the steel product is improved, and the service life is ensured.
Moreover, Zr and N are added simultaneously to form nano ZrN hard phase particles in the wear-resistant steel, so that the wear resistance of the wear-resistant steel is effectively enhanced, and the dispersion precipitation strengthening effect is achieved to improve the toughness of the wear-resistant steel; by controlling the Zr/N mass ratio to be not less than 7, the extra Zr element can participate in the deterioration process of the inclusion while ensuring the sufficient precipitation strengthening of ZrN to form dispersed and finely distributed low-conductivity Zr-O-Mn-S (-Y) composite inclusion, and the Zr-O-Mn-S (-Y) composite inclusion can be used as a reinforcing phase to improve the wear resistance of alloy steel and reduce the deterioration of the toughness of the alloy steel caused by the inclusion. Thereby obtaining higher wear resistance and shock resistance compared with the prior art.
In an alternative embodiment, the molten steel is poured into a ladle after the preheating treatment.
The preheating treatment may be, for example, preheating at least 600 ℃ for at least 2 hours. By the preheating treatment, the situation that the temperature control is not facilitated due to the fact that the molten steel is locally cooled too fast after being poured into a casting ladle can be prevented.
In an alternative embodiment, the deoxidation treatment of the molten steel before pouring into the ladle is further included to remove oxygen from the molten steel. Subsequently, the temperature of the molten steel after the deoxidation treatment was adjusted to 1570-1590 ℃.
In an alternative embodiment, after pouring into a ladle, the molten steel poured into the ladle is subjected to a standing treatment.
Further, annealing the cast obtained by pouring.
In an optional embodiment, the annealing treatment can be heating the casting to 600-650 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 3-5h, then heating to 950-1050 ℃ at a speed of 60-80 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5-8h, and cooling. Alternatively, the cooling in the annealing treatment is furnace air cooling.
Further, the quenching treatment is performed after the annealing treatment.
In an optional embodiment, the quenching treatment is that the casting after the annealing treatment is heated to 650 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 3-5h, then the casting is heated to 920 ℃ at a speed of 80-100 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 3-5h, and then the casting is cooled. Alternatively, the cooling in the quenching process is oil cooling.
Further, tempering treatment is performed after the quenching treatment.
In an optional embodiment, the tempering treatment is to heat the casting subjected to the quenching treatment to 180-250 ℃ in a speed rate of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, and cool the casting after heat preservation for 5-8 h. Alternatively, the cooling in the tempering treatment is air cooling.
It is worth to say that through the specific annealing-quenching-tempering treatment, the uniform effect of Zr-B-N composite modification is obtained, and simultaneously, the matrix structure is guaranteed to be a low-stress tempered martensite and a nano precipitated ZrN granular structure, and the high hardness and the high toughness are achieved.
According to the alloy steel, the addition amount of noble metal elements is reduced, and the cost of the alloy steel is controlled; through zirconium boron nitrogen composite modification, a nanoscale ZrN reinforced phase is formed, and the effects of hardening and toughening of alloy steel are achieved; meanwhile, the inclusions are easy to support and firstly precipitate dispersion distribution zirconium compounds to grow, so that the dispersion of the inclusions is uniform, and the toughness of the alloy steel is further improved; because a large amount of fine particles which are dispersed and distributed exist, the growth of alloy steel grains is hindered, and the effect of refining the grains is achieved; the compound addition of rare earth, zirconium and boron can protect boron from being carbonized or nitrided, so that the boron can be fully dissolved in an alloy steel matrix, the strong hardenability and hardenability effects are achieved, the uniformity of the structure and performance of alloy steel is ensured, and the service stability of a product is further ensured. Through the design, the impact wear resistance of the alloy steel is obviously improved. Under the condition of keeping the production and preparation cost equivalent or lower, the impact resistance and wear resistance of the alloy steel is improved by more than 30 percent compared with the prior common wear-resistant steel ZG42Cr2MnSi2 MoCe.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
In this embodiment, the alloy steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45%, Mn: 1.5%, Cr: 2.2%, Si: 1.5%, V: 0.12%, Cu: 0.4%, Zr: 0.05%, B: 0.004%, N: 0.005%, Y: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. Wherein the Zr/N mass ratio is 10.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting a steel source, a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source, a nitrogen source, a vanadium source and a copper source in a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1590 ℃, treating by a deoxidizer, adjusting the components in front of the furnace to obtain qualified molten steel, and adjusting the temperature of the molten liquid to 1570 ℃; mixing ferrozirconium, ferroboron and rare earth compound in advance, crushing the mixture to a particle size of below 10mm, wrapping the mixture with iron sheet, drying the wrapped mixture for 4 hours at 180 ℃, pouring the wrapped mixture into a ladle preheated for 4 hours at 800 ℃ along with molten steel at 1570 ℃ in three batches, and fully standing the poured mixture; and after the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to 1540 ℃, pouring to obtain a casting.
Heating the obtained alloy steel casting to 650 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 1050 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace; heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 980 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5h, and cooling the oil to room temperature; and finally, heating the steel piece to 250 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6h, discharging the steel piece out of the furnace, and cooling the steel piece to room temperature.
The structure of the zirconium boron nitrogen composite strengthened impact wear resistant alloy steel obtained in the way is shown in figure 1, and as can be seen from figure 1, the alloy steel consists of tempered martensite, zirconium composite modified inclusion and nano-scale ZrN precipitates. The Rockwell hardness of the alloy steel is 58.4HRC, the hardness difference between the surface and the center of the steel is 0.5HRC, and the impact toughness is 85.6J/cm2Compared with the prior common wear-resistant steel ZG42Cr2MnSi2MoCe, the impact and wear resistance is improved by 52 percent.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the alloy steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.40%, Mn: 1.6%, Cr: 2.5%, Si: 1.2%, V: 0.08%, Cu: 0.2%, Zr: 0.021%, B: 0.003%, N: 0.003%, Re: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. Wherein the Zr/N mass ratio is 7.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting a steel source, a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source, a nitrogen source, a vanadium source and a copper source in a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1650 ℃, obtaining qualified molten steel after being treated by a deoxidizer and adjusting the components in front of the furnace, and adjusting the temperature of the molten liquid to 1590 ℃; mixing ferrozirconium, ferroboron and rare earth compound in advance, crushing the mixture to a particle size of below 10mm, wrapping the mixture with iron sheet, drying the wrapped mixture for 4 hours at 180 ℃, pouring the wrapped mixture together with molten steel at 1590 ℃ into a ladle preheated for 4 hours at 800 ℃ in three batches, and fully standing the mixture; and after the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to 1570 ℃, pouring to obtain a casting.
Heating the obtained alloy steel casting to 600 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 950 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace; heating to 600 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 920 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5h, and cooling the oil to room temperature; and finally, heating the steel piece to 200 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6h, discharging the steel piece out of the furnace, and cooling the steel piece to room temperature.
The Rockwell hardness of the obtained zirconium-boron-nitrogen composite reinforced anti-impact wear alloy steel is 56.5HRC, the hardness difference between the surface and the center of the steel is 0.8HRC, and the impact toughness is 91.2J/cm2The impact and wear resistance is improved by 30 percent compared with the prior common wear-resistant steel ZG42Cr2MnSi2 MoCe.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the alloy steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.48%, Mn: 1.3%, Cr: 1.8%, Si: 1.3%, V: 0.1%, Cu: 0.5%, Zr: 0.08%, B: 0.002%, N: 0.011%, Re: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. Wherein the Zr/N mass ratio is 7.27.
The preparation method specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting a steel source, a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source, a nitrogen source, a vanadium source and a copper source in a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1600 ℃, treating by using a deoxidizer, adjusting the components in front of the furnace to obtain qualified molten steel, and adjusting the temperature of the molten liquid to 1570 ℃; mixing ferrozirconium, ferroboron and rare earth compound in advance, crushing the mixture to a particle size of below 10mm, wrapping the mixture with iron sheet, drying the wrapped mixture for 4 hours at 180 ℃, pouring the wrapped mixture into a ladle preheated for 4 hours at 800 ℃ along with molten steel at 1570 ℃ in three batches, and fully standing the poured mixture; and after the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to 1520 ℃, pouring to obtain a casting.
Heating the obtained alloy steel casting to 620 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, then heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace; heating to 620 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 960 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, and cooling the oil to room temperature; and finally, heating the steel piece to 180 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5h, discharging the steel piece out of the furnace, and cooling the steel piece to room temperature.
The Rockwell hardness of the obtained zirconium boron nitrogen composite reinforced anti-impact wear alloy steel is 57.5HRC, the hardness difference between the surface and the center of the steel is 1.0HRC, and the impact toughness is 81.5J/cm2Compared with the prior common wear-resistant steel ZG42Cr2MnSi2MoCe, the impact and wear resistance is improved by 42 percent.
Comparative example 1
The ZG42Cr2MnSi2MoCe wear-resistant alloy steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45, Mn: 1.0%, Cr: 2.0%, Si: 1.8%, Mo: 0.8%, Re: 0.05 percent of S is less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
The preparation method of the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting a steel source, a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source and a molybdenum source in a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1600 ℃, obtaining qualified molten steel after being treated by a deoxidizer and the components in front of the furnace are adjusted, and adjusting the temperature of the molten liquid to 1570 ℃; pouring the molten steel into a ladle preheated at 800 ℃ for 4 hours, placing a rare earth compound with specified components at the bottom of the ladle, and fully standing; and after the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to 1520 ℃, pouring to obtain a casting.
Heating the obtained alloy steel casting to 620 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, then heating to 1000 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace; heating to 620 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 960 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, and cooling the oil to room temperature; and finally, heating the steel piece to 180 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 5h, discharging the steel piece out of the furnace, and cooling the steel piece to room temperature.
The Rockwell hardness of the obtained wear-resistant alloy steel ZG42Cr2MnSi2MoCe is 52.6HRC, the hardness difference between the surface and the center of the steel is 2.2HRC, and the impact toughness is 33.3J/cm2The impact wear resistance was as described above in comparison with examples 1 to 3, that is, the conventional wear-resistant steel ZG42Cr2MnSi2MoCe of examples 1 to 3 was the wear-resistant steel of this comparative example.
Comparative example 2
The alloy steel in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45%, Mn: 1.5%, Cr: 2.2%, Si: 1.5%, V: 0.12%, Cu: 0.4%, Y: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. That is, comparative example 2 does not employ Zr-B-N composite transformation with respect to example 1.
The preparation method of the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting a steel source, a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source, a nitrogen source, a vanadium source and a copper source in a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1590 ℃, treating by a deoxidizer, adjusting the components in front of the furnace to obtain qualified molten steel, and adjusting the temperature of the molten liquid to 1570 ℃; pouring the molten steel into a ladle preheated at 800 ℃ for 4 hours, putting yttrium-based rare earth into the ladle in advance, and fully standing; and after the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to 1540 ℃, pouring to obtain a casting.
Heating the obtained alloy steel casting to 650 ℃ in a heat treatment furnace at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 1050 ℃ at the speed of 80 ℃/h, preserving heat for 6h, and cooling to room temperature along with the furnace; heating to 650 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving heat for 4h, heating to 980 ℃ at the speed of 100 ℃/h, preserving heat for 5h, and cooling the oil to room temperature; and finally, heating the steel piece to 250 ℃ at the speed of 60 ℃/h, preserving the heat for 6h, discharging the steel piece out of the furnace, and cooling the steel piece to room temperature.
The Rockwell hardness of the obtained comparative wear-resistant alloy steel is 52.3HRC, the difference between the surface hardness and the center hardness of the steel is 2.5HRC, and the impact toughness is 20.8J/cm2The resistance to impact wear was inferior to that of comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3
The alloy steel of this comparative example has a design chemistry consistent with that of example 1.
The preparation method of the comparative example specifically comprises the following steps:
smelting a steel source, a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source, a nitrogen source, a vanadium source and a copper source in a medium-frequency induction smelting furnace, wherein the smelting temperature is 1590 ℃, treating by a deoxidizer, adjusting the components in front of the furnace to obtain qualified molten steel, and adjusting the temperature of the molten liquid to 1570 ℃; respectively adding boron iron and zirconium iron which are crushed to the particle size of less than 10mm into a smelting furnace one by one, standing, pouring molten steel into a ladle preheated at 800 ℃ for 4 hours, putting yttrium-based rare earth compounds into the ladle in advance, and fully standing; and after the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to 1540 ℃, pouring to obtain a casting.
Comparative example 3 the heat treatment of the alloy steel was consistent with example 1.
The microstructure of the thus obtained comparative wear-resistant alloy steel exhibited a certain amount of BN, indicating that boron has been largely consumed by nitrogen in the molten steel and that ZrN having a significant strengthening effect is extremely small. The Rockwell hardness of the alloy steel is 53.5HRC, the hardness difference between the surface and the center of the steel is 2.2HRC, and the impact toughness is 35.6J/cm2The impact and wear resistance is equivalent to that of the prior common wear-resistant steel ZG42Cr2MnSi2 MoCe.
Comparative example 4
The alloy steel in the comparative example comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c: 0.45%, Mn: 1.5%, Cr: 2.2%, Si: 1.5%, V: 0.12%, Cu: 0.4%, Zr: 0.05%, B: 0.004%, N: 0.010%, Y: 0.03 percent, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. Wherein the Zr/N mass ratio is 5.
Comparative example 4 alloy steel was prepared in accordance with example 1.
The obtained comparative alloy steel has obvious nano precipitated ZrN phase and obvious BN phase, so that the alloy steel has obvious hardness strengthening but poor toughness, and because B element is greatly consumed in the generation of the BN phase, the solid solution degree is insufficient, the hardenability/hardenability is not sufficiently exerted, so that the difference between the surface hardness and the central hardness of the alloy steel is large, and the stable service of the material is not facilitated. The combinationThe Rockwell hardness of the gold steel is 59.5HRC, the hardness difference between the surface and the center of the steel is 2.5HRC, and the impact toughness is 22.5J/cm2And the surface is easy to crack in the impact abrasion process.
In summary, the impact wear resistant alloy steel provided by the application is obtained by smelting in a medium frequency induction furnace, casting through a zirconium boron nitrogen composite strengthening process, and annealing, quenching and tempering heat treatment processes. The microstructure comprises tempered martensite, nano precipitated zirconium compound in dispersion distribution and the like. The alloy steel introduces Zr-B-N multielement strengthening treatment, and shows excellent and stable impact and abrasion resistance.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes will occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A steel alloy is characterized in that the chemical composition of the steel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.4-0.48% of C, 1.3-1.6% of Mn, 1.8-2.5% of Cr, 1.2-1.5% of Si, 0.08-0.12% of V, 0.2-0.5% of Cu, 0.021-0.08% of Zr, 0.002-0.004% of B, 0.003-0.011% of N, 0.01-0.03% of rare earth Re, less than or equal to 0.04% of S, less than or equal to 0.04% of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
2. The alloy steel of claim 1, wherein the alloy steel chemistry comprises: 0.45-0.48% of said C, 1.3-1.5% of said Mn, 1.8-2.2% of said Cr, 1.3-1.5% of said Si, 0.1-0.12% of said V, 0.4-0.5% of said Cu, 0.05-0.08% of said Zr, 0.002-0.004% of said B, 0.005-0.011% of said N, 0.01-0.03% of said rare earth Re, 0.04% or less of said S, 0.04% or less of said P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities.
3. The alloy steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass ratio of Zr to N is not lower than 7;
preferably, the rare earth Re is yttrium-based rare earth.
4. The alloy steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it contains tempered martensite and dispersed nanoprecipitates;
preferably, the alloy steel contains nanometer-sized ZrN hard phase particles;
preferably, the alloy steel contains Zr-O-Mn-S composite inclusions.
5. The alloy steel according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the hardness of the alloy steel is equal to or greater than 56 HRC;
preferably, the difference in hardness between the surface of the alloy steel and the center of the alloy steel is not more than 1 HRC;
preferably, the room temperature impact absorption work of the alloy steel is more than or equal to 80J/cm2。
6. Method for the preparation of a steel alloy according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: preparing alloy steel according to the chemical components.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the preparing includes pouring molten steel containing the chemical components in a ladle;
preferably, the casting is carried out at 1520-1570 ℃.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein before casting, the molten steel is subjected to composite modification treatment by using a composite modifier, wherein the molten steel is obtained by smelting a chromium source, a silicon source, a manganese source, a nitrogen source, a vanadium source and a copper source which are used for providing partial chemical components in the chemical components; the composite alterant contains ferrozirconium, ferroboron and rare earth compounds for providing the Zr, the B and the rare earth Re in the chemical components;
preferably, the particle sizes of the ferrozirconium, the ferroboron and the rare earth compound in the composite alterant are not more than 10 mm;
preferably, the composite alterant is obtained by drying at 150-180 ℃ for at least 2 h;
preferably, the temperature for smelting is 1580-.
9. The manufacturing method according to claim 8, wherein the complex modification treatment is performed during pouring of the molten steel into a ladle;
preferably, the composite modifying treatment is to add the composite modifier to a ladle in batches during pouring of the molten steel into the ladle;
preferably, the composite inoculant is added into the casting ladle in at least three times;
preferably, the molten steel is poured into the ladle after preheating treatment;
preferably, the preheating treatment is preheating at a temperature of at least 600 ℃ for at least 2 h;
preferably, before pouring into a ladle, the method also comprises the step of deoxidizing the molten steel;
preferably, before pouring into a casting ladle, the method further comprises the step of adjusting the temperature of the molten steel after the deoxidation treatment to 1570-1590 ℃;
preferably, after pouring into a ladle, the molten steel poured into the ladle is subjected to a standing treatment.
10. The production method according to claim 9, further comprising subjecting the cast product obtained by the casting to an annealing treatment;
preferably, the annealing treatment is to heat the casting to 600-650 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, preserve heat for 3-5h, heat the casting to 950-1050 ℃ at a speed of 60-80 ℃/h, preserve heat for 5-8h, and then cool the casting; preferably, the cooling in the annealing treatment is furnace air cooling;
preferably, the method further comprises quenching treatment after the annealing treatment;
preferably, the quenching treatment is that the casting after the annealing treatment is heated to 650 ℃ at a speed of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, the temperature is kept for 3-5h, then the casting is heated to 920-; preferably, the cooling in the quenching process is oil cooling;
preferably, the method further comprises tempering treatment after quenching treatment;
preferably, the tempering treatment is to heat the casting subjected to the quenching treatment to 180-250 ℃ in a speed rate of less than or equal to 60 ℃/h, and cool the casting after heat preservation for 5-8 h; preferably, the cooling in the tempering treatment is air cooling.
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