CN112671251A - Time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, switching power supply and buck-boost method - Google Patents
Time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, switching power supply and buck-boost method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time-sharing multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, a switching power supply and a buck-boost method.A alternating current output end of an AC input unit of the PFC converter is electrically connected with a rectifying unit alternating current input end, a first output end of the rectifying unit is connected with an input end of a negative buck-boost conversion unit, the rectifying unit is connected with an input end of a positive buck-boost conversion unit, and the positive buck-boost conversion unit and the negative buck-boost conversion unit are connected with a load; the first output filter capacitor and the second output filter capacitor are respectively connected with the anode and the cathode of a load, the middle bus capacitor is connected with the first output filter capacitor and the second output filter capacitor, and the middle bus capacitor is connected with the first buck-boost inductor, the second buck-boost inductor, the first input filter capacitor, the second input filter capacitor and the AC input unit. According to the scheme, PFC power conversion is realized through the positive and negative buck-boost conversion unit; a selection switch and a PFC control unit are arranged, and the PFC control unit is switched on and off according to the size of the alternating current voltage so as to adapt to a wider alternating current input voltage range.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power topological structures, in particular to a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, a switching power supply and a buck-boost method.
Background
Switching power supplies are widely used in various consumer electronics and industrial devices, such as chargers, power adapters, LED drivers, industrial control power supplies, etc., and need to have a Power Factor Correction (PFC) function when exceeding a specified power. Because the single-stage structure is simple, the cost is lower, but the input high Power Factor (PF) low harmonic distortion (THD) and the output low ripple cannot be considered simultaneously, even the power tube has overhigh voltage or current stress, the two-stage AC/DC cascade structure is generally and widely used in the industry: the front-stage PFC converter is used for adjusting an input power factor and realizing input and output energy balance; and a post-stage DC/DC converter for adjusting the output voltage and reducing the output ripple voltage or current. In a two-stage AC/DC converter, a Boost converter (Boost) is generally used as a pre-stage PFC converter; the later-stage DC/DC converter can use an isolation type and also can use a non-isolation topological structure. The main advantages of a two-stage AC/DC converter are the ability to achieve high power factor and reduced output ripple voltage or current.
In order to be able to operate reliably for long periods of time, switching power supplies must accommodate a wide range of alternating current network voltage (AC) variations. However, industrial electricity has large voltage fluctuation, and the global power grid system and the voltage grade are different, so that the alternating voltage range is 85-305Vac and works in such an extremely wide voltage range, and the Boost converter has serious problems: on one hand, the power device needs larger voltage, current and power level, so that the cost of the device is increased sharply; on the other hand, because the voltage of the direct-current bus is basically fixed, the current stress of the power device is more than two times when alternating-current low-voltage input is carried out, more power consumption is inevitably generated, and therefore the conversion efficiency is reduced. Because a lower dc bus voltage can be set, the industry also uses a Buck-Boost converter (Buck-Boost), fig. 1 is a conventional Buck-Boost converter circuit, as shown in fig. 1, where Lf and Cf are input EMI filter inductors and filter capacitors, D1, D2, D3 and D4 are input rectifier bridge diodes, Cin is an input filter capacitor, and Co is an output filter capacitor, and the Buck-Boost converter circuit includes a power switch Q1 and a body diode D thereofQ1The boost-buck converter comprises a boost-buck inductor L1 and a rectifying diode D5. The Q1 and D5 high-frequency switches work, and the L1 stores and discharges energy and supplies power to an output load RL after being filtered by Co.
In order to simplify the design of a controller of an up-conversion voltage PFC converter, a current critical conduction mode (CRM or BCM) and a current Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) control strategy are generally adopted, but the peak inductor current is large, so that the loss is large and the conversion efficiency is low. Therefore, further improvement is needed for the buck-boost PFC converter, which not only achieves the advantages of simple structure, low cost, high PF, low THD, etc., but also reduces power consumption and improves conversion efficiency.
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, a switching power supply and a buck-boost method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, which comprises an AC input unit, a rectifying unit, a positive buck-boost conversion unit, a negative buck-boost conversion unit and a middle bus capacitor, wherein the AC input unit is connected with the rectifying unit; the alternating current output end of the AC input unit is electrically connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifying unit, the first output end of the rectifying unit is connected with the input end of the negative buck-boost conversion unit, the second output end of the rectifying unit is connected with the input end of the positive buck-boost conversion unit, and the output ends of the positive buck-boost conversion unit and the negative buck-boost conversion unit are connected with loads;
the negative buck-boost conversion unit comprises a first input filter capacitor, a first output filter capacitor, a first buck-boost inductor, a first power switch tube and a first body diode thereof, wherein a first output end of the rectification unit is connected with a first end of the first input filter capacitor, a positive electrode of the first body diode thereof and an S electrode of the first power switch tube, and a negative electrode of the first body diode and a D electrode of the first power switch tube are connected with the first buck-boost inductor and a first end of the first output filter capacitor; the positive buck-boost conversion unit comprises a second input filter capacitor, a second output filter capacitor, a second buck-boost inductor, a second power switch tube and a second body diode thereof, a second output end of the rectification unit is connected with a first end of the second input filter capacitor, a D pole of the second power switch tube and a cathode of the second body diode thereof, and an S pole of the second power switch tube and an anode of the second body diode thereof are connected with the second buck-boost inductor and a first end of the second output filter capacitor;
the first ends of the first output filter capacitor and the second output filter capacitor are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a load, the first end of the middle bus capacitor is connected with the second ends of the first output filter capacitor and the second output filter capacitor, the second end of the middle bus capacitor is connected with the second ends of the first buck-boost inductor, the second buck-boost inductor, the first input filter capacitor and the second input filter capacitor, and the alternating current output end of the AC input unit.
In a second aspect, the invention further provides a switching power supply including the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter.
In a third aspect, the present invention further provides a buck-boost method, based on the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, including the following steps:
acquiring an alternating current voltage value through a PFC control unit;
judging whether the alternating voltage value is larger than a preset threshold value or not;
if the alternating current voltage value is larger than the preset threshold value, the PFC control unit controls the selection switch to be switched off, alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and then supplies power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit and the negative buck-boost conversion unit at the same time, the negative buck-boost conversion unit outputs a first output voltage to a load, and the positive buck-boost conversion unit outputs a second output voltage to the load and supplies power to the load at the same time;
if the alternating voltage value is larger than the preset threshold value, the PFC control unit controls the selection switch to be closed, in the process of positive half cycle of the alternating current sine wave, the alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and supplies power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit, the positive buck-boost conversion unit outputs second output voltage to a load and supplies power to the load, in the process of negative half cycle of the alternating current sine wave, the alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and supplies power to the negative buck-boost conversion unit, and the negative buck-boost conversion unit outputs first output voltage to the load and supplies power to the load.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, a switching power supply and a buck-boost method. The time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter realizes PFC power conversion through a positive buck-boost conversion unit and a negative buck-boost conversion unit which are symmetrical in positive and negative; the method comprises the steps that a selection switch and a PFC control unit are arranged, the PFC control unit is switched on and off according to the size of alternating-current voltage so as to adapt to a wider alternating-current input voltage range, and when the selection switch is switched off, the PFC converter works in a bridgeless rectification mode, so that peak inductive current and current ripples can be reduced; meanwhile, when alternating current high voltage and low voltage are input, the input current of the load is basically kept unchanged, the conversion efficiency can be further improved, the power device does not need to increase the voltage, the current and the power level, and the component cost can be reduced.
The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented according to the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description will be given of preferred embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a circuit connection diagram of a conventional buck-boost conversion circuit;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a first embodiment of a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a circuit connection diagram of a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic circuit block diagram of a second embodiment of a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a method of increasing or decreasing voltage according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be connected or detachably connected or integrated; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "on," "above" and "over" the second feature includes the first feature being directly on and obliquely above the second feature, or merely indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above should not be understood to necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art.
The first embodiment:
referring to fig. 2, the present invention provides a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, which includes an AC input unit 10, a rectifying unit 20, a positive buck-boost converting unit 40, a negative buck-boost converting unit 30, and an intermediate bus capacitor 60 (intermediate bus capacitor Cb). The AC input unit 10 (AC power grid) of the present embodiment is subjected to EMI filtering, and is rectified by the rectifying unit 20 and then provided to the positive buck-boost converting unit 40 and the negative buck-boost converting unit 30 with positive and negative polarities as inputs.
As shown in fig. 3, the AC input unit 10 includes an EMI filter inductor Lf and an EMI filter capacitor Cf, the EMI filter inductor Lf is disposed on the zero line or the live line, one end of the EMI filter capacitor Cf is connected to the zero line and the other end is connected to the live line, and the EMI filter inductor Lf cooperates with the EMI filter capacitor Cf to filter the AC power of the AC input unit 10.
As shown in fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the rectifying unit 20 includes a first rectifying diode D3 and a second rectifying diode D1, a cathode of the first rectifying diode D3 is connected to the AC output terminal of the AC input unit 10, and an anode of the first rectifying diode D3 is connected to a first terminal of the first input filter capacitor Ci 1; the anode of the second rectifying diode D1 is connected to the AC output terminal of the AC input unit 10, and the cathode of the second rectifying diode D1 is connected to the first terminal of the second input filter capacitor Ci 2.
In this embodiment, the negative Buck-Boost converting unit 30, also referred to as a negative Buck-Boost converter (Buck-Boost), includes a first input filter capacitor Ci1, a first output filter capacitor Co1, a first Buck-Boost inductor L1, a first power switch Q1, and a first body diode DQ1, a first output terminal of the rectifying unit 20 is connected to a first end of the first input filter capacitor Ci1, an anode of the first body diode DQ1, and an S-pole of the first power switch Q1, a cathode of the first body diode DQ1 and a D-pole of the first power switch Q1 are connected to a first Buck-Boost inductor L1 and a first end of a first output filter capacitor Co1, and a rectified output voltage passes through the first input filter capacitor Ci1, the first power switch Q1, the first body diode DQ1, the first Buck-Boost inductor L1, and the first output filter capacitor Co1 and then serves as a first output voltage 1.
In this embodiment, the positive Buck-Boost converting unit 40, also referred to as a positive Buck-Boost converter (Buck-Boost), includes a second input filter capacitor Ci2, a second output filter capacitor Co2, a second Buck-Boost inductor L2, a second power switch Q2, and a second body diode DQ2, a second output terminal of the rectifying unit 20 is connected to a first terminal of the second input filter capacitor Ci2, a D terminal of the second power switch Q2, and a negative terminal of the second body diode DQ2, an S terminal of the second power switch Q2 and an anode terminal of the second body diode DQ2 are connected to a first terminal of the second Buck-Boost inductor L2 and a second output filter capacitor Co2, and the rectified output voltage passes through the second input filter capacitor Ci2, the second power switch Q2, the first body diode DQ2, the second Buck-Boost inductor L2, and the second output filter capacitor Co2 and then serves as a second output voltage 2.
The first ends of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the load RL, and the first output voltage Vo1 and the second output voltage Vo2 are connected in series to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the total output voltage Vo, so that power is supplied to the output load RL.
First ends of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2 are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the load, a first end of the middle bus capacitor Cb is connected to second ends of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2, a second end of the middle bus capacitor Cb is connected to second ends of the first buck-boost inductor L1, the second buck-boost inductor L2, the first input filter capacitor Ci1 and the second input filter capacitor Ci2, and an alternating current output end of the AC input unit 10. Specifically, the AC output terminal may be any one of the live (L) or neutral (N) AC lines. Through internal power conversion, after being filtered by a first output filter capacitor Co1 and a second output filter capacitor Co2, the output ends of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2 are connected in series to form an output voltage Vo and supply power to an output load RL, namely the output positive and negative poles of the output voltage Vo, and after the midpoint of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the midpoint of the second output filter capacitor Co2 are connected to a middle bus capacitor Cb, the midpoint of the first buck-boost inductor L1 and the midpoint of the second buck-boost inductor L2 are connected; the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 and the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 which are symmetric in positive and negative are matched with each other to realize a wide alternating current input voltage range.
The middle bus capacitor Cb is connected between the midpoint of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2 and the midpoints of the two first buck-boost inductors L1 and the second buck-boost inductor L2, when the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck PFC exchanger works, the middle bus capacitor Cb is charged and discharged in a high frequency mode, each half power frequency period of the two buck-boost inductors is connected to alternating current input in a time-division mode and works in a continuous mode when being connected to direct current output, peak inductor current and current ripple are reduced, and conversion efficiency is further improved; the intermediate bus capacitor does not work when the selector switch is switched off.
Referring to fig. 3, in this embodiment, the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC exchanger works as follows:
1) in the positive half cycle process of the alternating current sine wave, the AC input passes through D1, and is filtered by Ci2 to supply power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40, the Q2 and D6 high-frequency switches work, and the L2 stores and discharges energy and is filtered by Co2 to form an output voltage Vo 2. On the other hand, in this process, although the negative step-up/step-down converting unit 30 does not operate, the intermediate bus capacitor Cb is charged and discharged at a high frequency. When Q2 is switched on, L2 stores energy, and simultaneously L1, Cb and Co2 discharge and charge Co1 through D5; when Q2 is off, L2 provides energy to charge Co2 via D6, while L1, Cb is charged via D5, while Co1 is in a discharged state. Therefore, the L1 inside the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 has a charging and discharging process, and can work in a Current Continuous Mode (CCM) to charge the Co1 with a switching frequency, so that the peak inductor current and the current ripple are reduced, the power loss is reduced, and the conversion efficiency is improved.
2) In the process of negative half cycle of alternating current sine wave, the AC input passes through D3, and is filtered by Ci1 to supply power to the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30, the Q1 and D5 high-frequency switches work, and the L1 stores and discharges energy and is filtered by Co1 to form output voltage Vo 1. On the other hand, although the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 does not work in the process, the middle bus capacitor Cb is charged and discharged at high frequency, and energy storage and discharge processes also exist in the corresponding L2 and Co2, so that peak inductive current and current ripple are reduced.
In summary, the two buck-boost inductors L1 and L2 work in a discontinuous current mode when connected to the ac input and in a continuous mode when connected to the dc output in a time-sharing manner in each half of the power frequency cycle, so that peak inductor current and current ripple are reduced, and conversion efficiency is improved.
In this embodiment, the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC exchanger operates in a PFC bridgeless rectification mode, and the conduction loss of the input rectifier diode can be reduced by half, thereby further improving the conversion efficiency.
The time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter realizes PFC power conversion through the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 and the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 which are symmetrical in positive and negative; and the middle bus capacitor Cb and the bridgeless rectifier diode are arranged, so that peak inductive current and current ripple are reduced, and the conversion efficiency is improved.
Second embodiment:
referring to fig. 4, the present invention further provides a time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, including an AC input unit 10, a rectifying unit 20, a positive buck-boost converting unit 40, a negative buck-boost converting unit 30, an intermediate bus capacitor 60 (intermediate bus capacitor Cb), a selection switch 70, and a PFC control unit 80.
As shown in fig. 4, an AC output end of the AC input unit 10 is electrically connected to an AC input end of the rectifying unit 20, a first output end of the rectifying unit 20 is connected to an input end of the negative buck-boost converting unit 30, a second output end of the rectifying unit 20 is connected to an input end of the positive buck-boost converting unit, output ends of the positive buck-boost converting unit 40 and the negative buck-boost converting unit 30 are connected to the load 50, and the AC input unit 10 (AC power grid) of the present embodiment is subjected to EMI filtering, rectified by the rectifying unit 20, and then provided to the positive buck-boost converting unit 40 and the negative buck-boost converting unit 30 which are symmetric in positive and negative.
As shown in fig. 5, the AC input unit 10 includes an EMI filter inductor Lf and an EMI filter capacitor Cf, the EMI filter inductor Lf is disposed on the zero line or the live line, one end of the EMI filter capacitor Cf is connected to the zero line and the other end is connected to the live line, and the EMI filter inductor Lf cooperates with the EMI filter capacitor Cf to filter the AC power of the AC input unit 10.
Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the rectifying unit 20 includes 4 third rectifying diodes (D1, D2, D3, and D4), the 4 third rectifying diodes (D1, D2, D3, and D4) are connected to form a bridge rectifying circuit, and two AC output terminals of the AC input unit 10 are respectively connected to two AC input terminals of the bridge rectifying circuit.
In the present embodiment, the negative Buck-Boost converting unit 30, also called a negative Buck-Boost converter (Buck-Boost), includes a first input filter capacitor Ci1, a first output filter capacitor Co1, a first Buck-Boost inductor L1, a first power switch Q1, and a first body diode D thereofQ1The first output terminal of the rectifying unit 20 is connected to the first terminal of the first input filter capacitor Ci1 and the first body diode D thereofQ1And the S-pole of the first power switch Q1, the first body diode DQ1The negative pole of the first power switch tube Q1 and the D pole of the first power switch tube Q1 are connected with the first end of the first buck-boost inductor L1 and the first end of the first output filter capacitor Co1, and the rectified output voltage passes through the first input filter capacitor Ci1, the first power switch tube Q1 and the first body diode D thereofQ1The first buck-boost inductor L1 and the first output filter capacitor Co1 are connected together to form the first output voltage Vo 1.
In the present embodiment, the positive Buck-Boost converting unit 40, also called a positive Buck-Boost converter (Buck-Boost), includes a second input filter capacitor Ci2, a second output filter capacitor Co2, a second Buck-Boost inductor L2, a second power switch Q2, and a second body diode D thereofQ2The second output terminal of the rectifying unit 20 is connected to the first terminal of the second input filter capacitor Ci2, the D-pole of the second power switch Q2 and the second body diode D thereofQ2The negative pole of the second power switch Q2, the S pole of the second power switch Q2 and the second body diode D thereofQ2The positive electrode of the first buck-boost converter is connected with the first ends of the second buck-boost inductor L2 and the second output filter capacitor Co2, and the rectified output voltage passes through the second input filter capacitor Ci2, the second power switch tube Q2 and the first body diode DQ2The second buck-boost inductor L2 and the second output filter capacitor Co2 are connected as the second output voltage Vo 2.
The first ends of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2 are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the load RL, and the first output voltage Vo1 and the second output voltage Vo2 are connected in series to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the total output voltage Vo, so that power is supplied to the output load RL.
Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, a first end of the intermediate bus capacitor Cb is connected to second ends of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2, a second end of the intermediate bus capacitor Cb is connected to second ends of the first buck-boost inductor L1, the second buck-boost inductor L2, the first input filter capacitor Ci1, and the second input filter capacitor Ci2, and the selection switch K, and is connected to midpoints of the third rectifier diodes D2 and D4 through the selection switch K, so as to be connected to an AC output end of the AC input unit 10, specifically, the AC output end may be any end of an AC line (L) or a neutral line (N). Through internal power conversion, after being filtered by a first output filter capacitor Co1 and a second output filter capacitor Co2, the output ends of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2 are connected in series to form an output voltage Vo and supply power to an output load RL, namely the output positive and negative poles of the output voltage Vo, and after the midpoint of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the midpoint of the second output filter capacitor Co2 are connected to a middle bus capacitor Cb, the midpoint of the first buck-boost inductor L1 and the midpoint of the second buck-boost inductor L2 are connected; the selection switch K is matched with the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 and the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 which are symmetric in positive and negative to realize the wide alternating current input voltage range. The middle bus capacitor Cb is connected between the middle point of the first output filter capacitor Co1 and the second output filter capacitor Co2 and the middle points of the two first buck-boost inductors L1 and the second buck-boost inductor L2, the middle bus capacitor Cb is charged and discharged at high frequency when the selection switch K is closed, the two buck-boost inductors work in a current interrupted mode when connected to alternating current input in a time-sharing mode and work in a continuous mode when connected to direct current output in a time-sharing mode in each half power frequency period, peak inductor current and current ripple are reduced, and conversion efficiency is further improved; the intermediate bus capacitor does not work when the selector switch is switched off.
The PFC control unit 80 controls the connection selection switch for controlling the opening or closing of the selection switch according to the alternating voltage. The PFC control unit 80 may use both primary side modulation (PSR) and secondary side modulation SSR regulation.
Referring to fig. 5, in the present embodiment, the PFC control unit 80 includes a second voltage error amplifier U5, a cathode of the second voltage error amplifier U5 is connected to the output terminal of the rectification unit 20, and a positive input voltage reference signal Vr2, and the ac voltage is sampled by the second voltage error amplifier U5 and fed back to a cathode of the second voltage error amplifier U5, and compared with the voltage reference signal Vr2, and the rotation switch is controlled to be opened and closed according to the comparison result, so as to switch between different operation modes.
Referring to fig. 5, in this embodiment, the PFC control unit 80 further includes a first voltage error amplifier U1, a comparator U2, a PWM comparator U3, and a flip-flop U4, a cathode of the first voltage error amplifier U1 is connected to a first end of the second output filter capacitor Co2, a cathode of the first voltage error amplifier U1 is inputted with a voltage reference signal, an output of the first voltage error amplifier U1 is connected to an anode of the comparator U2, a cathode of the comparator U2 is connected to first ends of the first buck-boost inductor L1 and the second buck-boost inductor L2, an output of the comparator U2 is connected to an anode of the PWM comparator U3, a cathode of the PWM comparator U3 is inputted with a quasi sawtooth wave signal Vramp, an output of the PWM comparator U3 is connected to an R end of the flip-flop U4, and an S of the flip-flop U4 is connected to an S pole of the first power switch Q1 and a D pole of the second power switch Q2.
Specifically, the PFC control unit 80 samples the output voltage Vo through the first voltage error amplifier U1 to form the feedback signal Vos, and then enters the negative electrode of the voltage error amplifier U1, the voltage reference Vr1 is connected to the positive electrode of the U1, and after comparing the feedback signal Vos with the positive electrode of the voltage error amplifier U1, the feedback signal Vos passes through a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) compensator to form a voltage error signal, and then enters the positive electrode of the comparator U2. The detection positive and negative Buck-Boost inductance current iL2 and iL1 are converted into voltage signals, and the voltage signals are gated by diodes Di1 and Di2, enter the negative pole of U2 to control the peak current of a first Buck-Boost inductance L1 and a second Buck-Boost inductance L2, enter the positive pole of a PWM comparator U3 after being compared with a voltage error signal, and then enter the R end of a trigger U4 after being compared with a standard sawtooth wave signal Vramp connected with the negative pole of U3. Meanwhile, voltage signals of the drain and the source of the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 are detected and are gated by diodes Dv1 and Dv2 to enter the S end of the trigger U4. The R end of the trigger controls the stop pulse output in real time, and the S end controls the start pulse output in real time, so that two paths of independent PWM switch driving signals are generated to respectively control the on and off of the first power switch tube Q1 and the second power switch tube Q2. The current critical conduction mode (CRM or BCM) control strategy can not only control Vo in a closed loop mode, but also realize that the input current and the input voltage are sine waves with the same frequency and the same phase so as to achieve power factor correction and higher power factor and realize zero pollution to a power grid. In addition, only the iL1 or iL2 and the drain and source voltage signals of the first power switch Q1 and the second power switch Q2 can be detected to generate two paths of same PWM switch driving signals, so that the working characteristics of the converter are not influenced. It should be noted that, the control strategy of the buck-boost converter may also adopt a discontinuous current conduction mode (DCM), a DCM with a multiplier, a CRM, or even different control modes such as a continuous Current Conduction Mode (CCM), a single cycle, a charge pump, a PWM, and a frequency conversion mode, without affecting the control effect of the system.
In this embodiment, the selection switch is an electromagnetic switch or an electronic switch. Specifically, the selection switch may be one or more of a relay, a dry reed, a MOSFET, an IGBT, and a thyristor.
In this embodiment, according to the on and off states of the selection switch K, the time-division multiplexing low-ripple Buck-Boost PFC converter with positive and negative symmetrical Buck-Boost has two operating modes, namely bridgeless and bridge rectification, and is described below with reference to fig. 5.
1) When the PFC control unit 80 detects that the ac voltage value is lower than the preset threshold, at this time, the PFC control unit 80 closes the selection switch K.
In the positive half cycle process of the alternating current sine wave, the AC input passes through D1, and is filtered by Ci2 to supply power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40, the Q2 and D6 high-frequency switches work, and the L2 stores and discharges energy and is filtered by Co2 to form an output voltage Vo 2. On the other hand, in this process, although the negative step-up/step-down converting unit 30 does not operate, the intermediate bus capacitor Cb also functions. When Q2 is switched on, L2 stores energy, and simultaneously L1, Cb and Co2 discharge and charge Co1 through D5; when Q2 is off, L2 provides energy to charge Co2 via D6, while L1, Cb is charged via D5, while Co1 is in a discharged state. Therefore, the L1 inside the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 has a charging and discharging process, and can work in a Current Continuous Mode (CCM) to charge the Co1 with a switching frequency, so that the peak inductor current and the current ripple are reduced, the power loss is reduced, and the conversion efficiency is improved. In the process of negative half cycle of alternating current sine wave, the AC input passes through D3, and is filtered by Ci1 to supply power to the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30, the Q1 and D5 high-frequency switches work, and the L1 stores and discharges energy and is filtered by Co1 to form output voltage Vo 1. On the other hand, although the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 does not work in the process, the middle bus capacitor Cb also works, and energy storage and discharge processes also exist in the corresponding L2 and Co2, so that peak inductive current and current ripple are reduced. In summary, the two buck-boost inductors work in a discontinuous current mode when connected to the ac input and work in a continuous mode when connected to the dc output in a time-sharing manner in each half of the power frequency period, so that peak inductor current and current ripple are reduced, and conversion efficiency is improved.
In addition, when the selection switch K is closed, the switches D2 and D4 do not operate in the whole process, so that the switching circuit operates in the PFC bridgeless rectification mode (the same operation mode as that of the first embodiment), the conduction loss of the input rectifier diode can be reduced by half, and the conversion efficiency is further improved.
2) When the PFC control unit 80 detects that the ac voltage value is higher than the preset threshold value, the PFC control unit 80 turns off the selection switch K.
In the process of a sine wave positive half cycle, AC input passes through D1 and D4, and is filtered by Ci1 and Ci2 in series to simultaneously supply power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 and the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30, Q1 and D5 high-frequency switches in the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 work, and L1 stores and discharges energy and forms output voltage Vo1 after being filtered by Co 1; meanwhile, Q2 and D6 in the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 also work in a high-frequency switch mode, and L2 stores and discharges energy and forms output voltage Vo2 after being filtered by Co 2. It should be noted that the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 and the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 can operate in both synchronous and asynchronous high-frequency switching; in the process of the sine wave negative half cycle, the AC input passes through D2 and D3 and is also filtered in series by Ci1 and Ci2 to simultaneously supply power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 and the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30, and the working process of the AC input is completely the same as that of the sine wave positive half cycle. When the selector switch K is switched off, the middle bus capacitor does not work, and the positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 and the negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 work in series similarly and simultaneously, and each AC input voltage power frequency period simultaneously charges Ci1 and Ci2 in series. In the process, D1, D2, D3 and D4 are all operated, so that the converter is operated in a PFC bridge rectification mode, and the power loss and the conversion efficiency are similar to those of a traditional bridge Buck-Boost converter.
In summary, in order to adapt to a wider ac input voltage range, the selection switch K has two states of on and off, and the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter with symmetric positive and negative respectively operates in the bridgeless and bridge rectification modes, thereby forming a hybrid PFC converter. When K is closed to work in a bridgeless rectification mode, the middle bus capacitor Cb participates in circuit work, when any Buck-Boost Buck converter works in power frequency half cycle high frequency, the other converter does not work, but an energy storage state and a discharge state exist in an internal Buck-Boost inductor and an output capacitor, and the inductor can work in a CCM mode, so that peak value inductive current is reduced. Because the circuit is provided with the selection switch K, the input rectification voltage is basically unchanged when different alternating current input voltages are input, and the input current of the bridgeless rectification mode when alternating current low voltage is input and the input current of the bridgeless rectification mode when alternating current high voltage is input are basically maintained unchanged, so that the conversion efficiency can be further improved. When the alternating current is input at low voltage, the selection switch is kept closed, the working condition of the internal power device is basically similar to that of the alternating current input at high voltage, and the voltage, the current and the power level of the power device do not need to be increased, so that the cost of components can be reduced.
In an alternative embodiment, the PFC control unit 80, the selection switch and the control circuit are communicatively connected to coordinate respective control and operation, so as to send real-time commands and operation parameters to each other, and the control mode and the operating state can be set to optimize the operation of the PFC converter, which can further improve the performance and reliability of the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter.
In an alternative embodiment, the PFC control unit 80 and the selection switch detection and control circuit may be integrated into one, two or more analog chips, or one, two or more digital chips such as MCU and DSP that require embedded software programming may be used, and the operation principle is the same as that of fig. 5, and will not be described again here.
The third embodiment:
the invention further provides a switching power supply which comprises the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter.
The switching power supply comprises a time-sharing multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter, and PFC power conversion is realized through a positive buck-boost conversion unit 40 and a negative buck-boost conversion unit 30 which are symmetrical in positive and negative; the selection switch and the PFC control unit 80 are arranged, the PFC control unit 80 is switched on and off according to the size of the alternating current voltage so as to adapt to a wider alternating current input voltage range, and when the selection switch is switched off, the PFC converter works in a bridgeless rectification mode, so that peak inductive current and current ripple can be reduced; meanwhile, when alternating current is input at high voltage and low voltage, the input current of the load is basically kept unchanged, the conversion efficiency can be further improved, the voltage, the current and the power level of the power device do not need to be increased, and the cost of components can be reduced.
The fourth embodiment:
referring to fig. 6, the present invention further provides a buck-boost method, based on the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to the second embodiment, including the steps of:
and S10, acquiring the alternating current voltage value through the PFC control unit.
And S20, judging whether the alternating voltage value is larger than a preset threshold value.
And S30, if the alternating current voltage value is larger than the preset threshold value, the PFC control unit controls the selection switch to be switched off, the alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and then supplies power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit and the negative buck-boost conversion unit at the same time, the negative buck-boost conversion unit outputs a first output voltage to the load, and the positive buck-boost conversion unit outputs a second output voltage to the load and supplies power to the load at the same time.
And S40, if the alternating current voltage value is larger than the preset threshold value, the PFC control unit controls the selection switch to be closed, in the positive half cycle process of the alternating current sine wave, the alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and supplies power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit, the positive buck-boost conversion unit outputs second output voltage to a load and supplies power to the load, in the negative half cycle process of the alternating current sine wave, the alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and supplies power to the negative buck-boost conversion unit, and the negative buck-boost conversion unit outputs first output voltage to the load and supplies power to the load.
In the implementation, the alternating-current voltage value of the time-division multiplexing low-ripple boost-buck PFC converter is sampled, the alternating-current voltage value is compared with a preset threshold value, and the selection switch is controlled to be switched on or off according to the comparison result so as to switch the time-division multiplexing low-ripple boost-buck PFC converter to enter two working modes of bridgeless rectification and bridgeless rectification, thereby forming the hybrid PFC converter. When the selective switch K is switched on and works in a bridgeless rectification mode, the middle bus capacitor Cb participates in circuit work, when any one Buck-Boost Buck-Boost converter works in power frequency half-cycle high frequency, the other converter does not work, but an internal Buck-Boost inductor and an output capacitor of the Buck-Boost Buck-Boost converter have energy storage and discharge states, and the inductor can work in a CCM mode, so that peak inductive current is reduced. Because the circuit is provided with the selection switch K, the input rectification voltage is basically unchanged when different alternating current input voltages are input, and the input current of the bridgeless rectification mode when alternating current low voltage is input and the input current of the bridgeless rectification mode when alternating current high voltage is input are basically maintained unchanged, so that the conversion efficiency can be further improved. When the alternating current is input at low voltage, the selection switch is kept closed, the working condition of the internal power device is basically similar to that of the alternating current input at high voltage, and the voltage, the current and the power level of the power device do not need to be increased, so that the cost of components can be reduced.
According to the voltage boosting and reducing method provided by the invention, the PFC control unit is switched on and off according to the size of the alternating current voltage so as to adapt to a wider alternating current input voltage range, and when the switch is selected to be switched off, the PFC converter works in a bridgeless rectification mode, so that peak inductive current and current ripple can be reduced; meanwhile, when alternating current high voltage and low voltage are input, the input current of the load is basically kept unchanged, the conversion efficiency can be further improved, the power device does not need to increase the voltage, the current and the power level, and the component cost can be reduced.
The technical contents of the present invention are further illustrated by the examples only for the convenience of the reader, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and any technical extension or re-creation based on the present invention is protected by the present invention. The protection scope of the invention is subject to the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter is characterized by comprising an AC input unit, a rectifying unit, a positive buck-boost conversion unit, a negative buck-boost conversion unit and an intermediate bus capacitor; the alternating current output end of the AC input unit is electrically connected with the alternating current input end of the rectifying unit, the first output end of the rectifying unit is connected with the input end of the negative buck-boost conversion unit, the second output end of the rectifying unit is connected with the input end of the positive buck-boost conversion unit, and the output ends of the positive buck-boost conversion unit and the negative buck-boost conversion unit are connected with loads;
the negative buck-boost conversion unit comprises a first input filter capacitor, a first output filter capacitor, a first buck-boost inductor, a first power switch tube and a first body diode thereof, wherein a first output end of the rectification unit is connected with a first end of the first input filter capacitor, a positive electrode of the first body diode thereof and an S electrode of the first power switch tube, and a negative electrode of the first body diode and a D electrode of the first power switch tube are connected with the first buck-boost inductor and a first end of the first output filter capacitor; the positive buck-boost conversion unit comprises a second input filter capacitor, a second output filter capacitor, a second buck-boost inductor, a second power switch tube and a second body diode thereof, a second output end of the rectification unit is connected with a first end of the second input filter capacitor, a D pole of the second power switch tube and a cathode of the second body diode thereof, and an S pole of the second power switch tube and an anode of the second body diode thereof are connected with the second buck-boost inductor and a first end of the second output filter capacitor;
the first ends of the first output filter capacitor and the second output filter capacitor are respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a load, the first end of the middle bus capacitor is connected with the second ends of the first output filter capacitor and the second output filter capacitor, the second end of the middle bus capacitor is connected with the second ends of the first buck-boost inductor, the second buck-boost inductor, the first input filter capacitor and the second input filter capacitor, and the alternating current output end of the AC input unit.
2. The time-multiplexed low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to claim 1, wherein the AC input unit comprises an EMI filter inductor and an EMI filter capacitor.
3. The time-sharing multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to claim 2, wherein the rectifying unit comprises a first rectifying diode and a second rectifying diode, a negative electrode of the first rectifying diode is connected to the AC output end of the AC input unit, and a positive electrode of the first rectifying diode is connected to the first end of the first input filter capacitor; and the anode of the second rectifier diode is connected with the alternating current output end of the AC input unit, and the cathode of the second rectifier diode is connected with the first end of the second input filter capacitor.
4. The time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to claim 2, wherein the rectifying unit comprises 4 third rectifying diodes, the 4 third rectifying diodes are connected to form a bridge rectifying circuit, and two AC output terminals of the AC input unit are respectively connected to two AC input terminals of the bridge rectifying circuit.
5. The time-sharing multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to claim 4, further comprising a selection switch and a PFC control unit, wherein a first end of the selection switch is connected to second ends of the first input filter capacitor and the second input filter capacitor, and a second end of the selection switch is connected to an AC input end of the bridge rectifier circuit; the PFC control unit is connected with the selection switch in a control mode and used for controlling the selection switch to be opened or closed according to the alternating-current voltage.
6. The time-sharing multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to claim 5, wherein the PFC control unit comprises a voltage error amplifier, a comparator, a PWM comparator and a trigger, a negative electrode of the voltage error amplifier is connected to the first end of the second output filter capacitor, a voltage reference signal is input to a positive electrode of the voltage error amplifier, an output end of the voltage error amplifier is connected to a positive electrode of the comparator, a negative electrode of the comparator is connected to the first ends of the first buck-boost inductor and the second buck-boost inductor, an output end of the comparator is connected to a positive electrode of the PWM comparator, a quasi-sawtooth wave signal is input to the negative electrode of the PWM comparator, an output end of the PWM comparator is connected to an R end of the trigger, and an S end of the trigger is connected to an S end of the first power switching tube and a D end of the second power switching tube.
7. The time-multiplexed low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to claim 6, wherein the selection switch is an electromagnetic switch or an electronic switch.
8. The time-multiplexed low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to claim 7, wherein the selection switch is one or more of a relay, a reed, a MOSFET, an IGBT and a thyristor.
9. A switching power supply comprising a time-multiplexed low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
10. A buck-boost method, based on the time-division multiplexing low-ripple buck-boost PFC converter of claim 5, comprising the following steps:
acquiring an alternating current voltage value through a PFC control unit;
judging whether the alternating voltage value is larger than a preset threshold value or not;
if the alternating current voltage value is larger than the preset threshold value, the PFC control unit controls the selection switch to be switched off, alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and then supplies power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit and the negative buck-boost conversion unit at the same time, the negative buck-boost conversion unit outputs a first output voltage to a load, and the positive buck-boost conversion unit outputs a second output voltage to the load and supplies power to the load at the same time;
if the alternating voltage value is larger than the preset threshold value, the PFC control unit controls the selection switch to be closed, in the process of positive half cycle of the alternating current sine wave, the alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and supplies power to the positive buck-boost conversion unit, the positive buck-boost conversion unit outputs second output voltage to a load and supplies power to the load, in the process of negative half cycle of the alternating current sine wave, the alternating current is rectified by the rectifying unit and supplies power to the negative buck-boost conversion unit, and the negative buck-boost conversion unit outputs first output voltage to the load and supplies power to the load.
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