CN112666238A - 具有分隔过滤器的气体传感器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种气体传感器,包括壳体,其包含:夹在两个聚四氟乙烯元件之间的高锰酸钾元件、碳元件、与碳元件邻近定位的聚四氟乙烯元件、感测电极、参比电极、和具有附接的集流体的对电极、以及电解质。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求序列号为14/447,922的美国专利申请(提交于2014年7月31日,标题为“GAS SENSOR WITH PARTITIONED FILTER”)的优先权,其通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本申请涉及气体传感器。更特别地,本申请涉及包括对其它气体提供降低的交叉敏感性并为气体传感器提供更长的寿命的新型过滤元件的气体传感器。
背景技术
气体传感器用于包括工作场所监测有毒或其它危险或有害气体的存在的许多商业和工业应用中,以及在其中健康和安全问题需要检测周围环境中的特定气体的其它应用中。
在这些不同应用中,经常需要监测所选择的气体种类的浓度低至百万分之几和更低的水平。在这样做时,通常需要从采样空气中去除将同样在传感器处反应并生成不想要的响应的其它气体或挥发性有机化合物。这些气体通常具有大量不同的化学性质,其因此需要使用大量的化学物质来去除它们中的每一种。例如,高表面积碳经常用于吸附大多数有机挥发性种类,但是碳在去除一些常见的工业无机气体时不是有效的。因此,必须使用第二类型的化学物质来去除那些气体等等。通常,碳被涂覆有第二类型的化学物质或者两种化学物质可以被混合然后浸渍到固体支承物上。这样的布置在化学物质彼此交叉反应时可以快速变成自毁的,从而导致过滤器和气体传感器的降低的效率和寿命。
在前述应用中使用的气体传感器包括电化学气体传感器,其可以操作为电化学地还原要监测的气体种类。可替代地,气体传感器可以通过电化学地氧化设法检测的目标气体种类来操作。作为又另一替代,电化学气体传感器可以通过包括要在监测气体环境中检测的目标气体的气体传感器设备中产生的化合物的间接氧化或还原反应来操作。
电化学气体传感器利用通常包含三个电极(工作电极、参比电极和对电极)的传感器电池,尽管已知具有两电极和四电极结构的气体传感器电池。电极常规安装在壳体内,壳体另外包含形成传感器的电子电路的电解质、触点和电线、以及使电解质保持在电池内并允许气体接触测量电极的可透气膜。
电化学传感器电池要求电解质作为电化学电池的组件。电解质执行不同电极之间的电荷的传输并因此使得电流能够流动。电荷通过电解质的传输相符地为离子的,而不涉及由电子的电荷传输。
常规气体传感器包含通常使用化学物质的混合物来实现多种功能的过滤器。这样的气体传感器由于传感器的化学组件彼此反应而可能具有有限的寿命,或者由于环境因素而以其它方式退化。因此,本领域持续寻求电化学电池气体传感器的改进。当前的气体传感器包括将这些材料分离到隔离室中的新型过滤器,其去除了交叉反应的风险,从而导致改进的总体过滤器效率和寿命而不会极大增加设计的复杂性。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的检测器的视图。
图2是详述各种气体检测器的寿命的结果的图形的视图。
具体实施方式
虽然公开的实施例可以采取许多不同的形式,但是其具体实施例在附图中示出并且在本文中详细说明,其中要理解,本公开被认为是其原理的举例以及实践本公开的最佳模式,并不旨在将本申请或权利要求限制为所说明的具体实施例。
本文描述了一种具有过滤器的气体传感器,所述过滤器包括两种或更多种不相容的或交叉反应的化学物质,所述化学物质由可透气的惰性屏障(barrier)物理分离。图1图示了根据本发明的气体传感器10。将理解的是,除了下面描述的范围之外,无论是传感器10的确切形状还是确切配置都不是传感器10的限制。传感器包括壳体12,其由相对惰性的、不导电的、不透气的且耐酸的材料形成。壳体可以由陶瓷、丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚氯乙烯,其相应的衍生物或其混合物制成。
在壳体内的是开口或毛细管14,气体通过所述开口或毛细管进入壳体12。壳体可以包含一个或多个开口或毛细管。可替代地,气体传感器可以包括固体膜传感器。
在图1中示出为“PTFE密封”的可透气的惰性屏障22a可以与毛细管14邻近定位。可透气的惰性屏障22a是从由氟化塑料、聚乙烯、无机材料、陶瓷材料、金属箔及其混合物构成的组选择的固体材料。一种这样的氟化塑料是聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)。与惰性屏障22a邻近的是在图1中示出为“高锰酸钾浸渍的滤纸”的可透气的化学组件26,其用于去除或降解样品中存在的不是感兴趣分析物的气体。例如,在这方面,可以使用高锰酸钾浸渍的滤纸。与可透气的化学组件26邻近的是在图1中示出为“PTFE分离器盘”的可透气的惰性屏障18。惰性屏障18可以与惰性屏障22a相同或不同。紧邻惰性屏障18的是在图1中示出为“碳布”的第二可透气的化学组件28。在图1中示出为“PTFE密封”的可透气的惰性屏障22b可以紧邻第二化学组件28定位。原则上,许多材料可以用作惰性屏障,假如它们满足成为化学惰性的标准并且具有足够的孔隙率以便不显著地限制气体流过过滤器隔室的话。而且,当过滤器材料的组合包括作为能够氧化另一过滤器组件的强氧化剂或作为能够还原另一过滤器组件的强还原剂的一种组件或者酸性过滤器组件和基本过滤器组件时,可以使用物理多孔分离器。
壳体的内部容积包括包含电解质16a的电解质隔室16、以及包括对电极20b、参比电极20a和感测电极20c的电极组装件。电解质可以是硫酸。感测电极20c可以与惰性屏障22b和集流体(current collector)24c邻近。参比电极20a与集流体24c和对电极20b邻近。集流体24a与对电极20b邻近。
控制电路30连接到壳体并控制传感器。可替代地,控制中心可以与壳体分离。控制电路涉及外部电路,其可以是恒电位器或简单的负载电阻器加下行信号采集和显示硬件。
气体传感器可以以扩散模式或以同轴(in-line)模式操作,并且包括气体入口和气体出口。
示例1
几个不同的气体传感器暴露于空气5分钟,其后跟着暴露于200ppm一氧化碳(CO)5分钟,其后跟着暴露于空气5分钟,然后记录传感器对一氧化碳的检测能力。计算T90作为当在200ppm CO中稳定时(5分钟后的响应)传感器的输出达到90%所花费的时间。图2的图形示出三种不同的CO气体传感器的T90,即7EF、7E/F和所要求保护的气体传感器(分隔7EFF),当这些气体传感器是新的时与这些传感器在8个月的使用后相比较。(7E和7E/F是由CityTechnology Ltd, UK制造的电化学CO传感器)。该图形示出了在8个月的使用之后的所要求保护的气体传感器中存在非常少的改变(如果有的话),而其它气体传感器示出在8个月的使用之后在响应时间方面的改变。因此,所要求保护的气体传感器具有比目前可获得的气体传感器长的寿命。
根据前述内容,将观察到,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,可以实现许多变化和修改。要理解的是,不旨在或不应当推断关于本文所说明的具体装置的限制。当然,旨在通过所附权利要求覆盖如落入权利要求的范围内的所有这样的修改。此外,附图中描绘的逻辑流程不要求所示的特定次序或顺序来实现期望的结果。可以提供其它步骤,或者可以从所描述的流程剔除步骤,并且其它组件可以添加到所描述的实施例,或者从所描述的实施例去除。
Claims (10)
1.一种气体传感器,包括:
壳体(12);
在所述壳体(12)中的一个或多个毛细管(14);
设置在所述壳体(12)内的多个电极(20);
与所述一个或多个毛细管(14)邻近定位的透气的惰性屏障(22a);
设置在所述壳体(12)内在所述一个或多个毛细管(14)和所述多个电极(20)之间的过滤器,其中所述过滤器包括交叉反应的两种或更多种化学物质(26、28);
设置在所述过滤器内的两种或更多种化学物质(26、28)中的至少两种之间的屏障(18),其中所述屏障是可透气的惰性屏障(18),
其中所述可透气的惰性屏障(18)包括聚四氟乙烯,两种或更多种化学物质中的至少第一化学物质包括碳,并且两种或更多种化学物质中的至少第二化学物质包括高锰酸钾;以及
控制电路(30),连接到所述壳体(12),所述控制电路(30)包括恒电位器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气体传感器,其中所述可透气的惰性屏障(18)包括从由氟化塑料、聚乙烯、无机材料、陶瓷材料、金属箔及其混合物构成的组选择的固体材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的气体传感器,其中两种或更多种化学物质中的一种包括碳。
4.根据权利要求1所述的气体传感器,其中两种或更多种化学物质中的一种包括高锰酸钾。
5.根据权利要求1所述的气体传感器,其中所述控制电路(30)包括下行信号采集和显示硬件。
6.根据权利要求1所述的气体传感器,其中所述壳体(12)包括惰性的、不透气的材料。
7.一种气体传感器,包括:
壳体(12);
夹在两个聚四氟乙烯元件(22a、22b)之间的高锰酸钾元件(26);
夹在两个聚四氟乙烯元件(22a、22b)之间的碳元件(28),其中所述高锰酸钾元件(26)物理上与所述碳元件分开至少一个聚四氟乙烯元件(22a、22b),并且其中所述至少一个聚四氟乙烯元件(22a、22b)是可透气的惰性屏障;
感测电极(20c);
参比电极(20a);以及
具有附接的集流体(24a、24b、24c)的对电极(20b),其中所述感测电极(20c)与至少一个聚四氟乙烯元件(22a、22b)和所述集流体(24c)邻近定位,所述参比电极(20a)与所述集流体(24c)和所述对电极(20b)邻近定位,并且所述集流体(24a)与所述对电极(20b)邻近。
8.根据权利要求7所述的气体传感器,其中所述壳体(12)包括丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯。
9.根据权利要求7所述的气体传感器,还包括控制电路(30),其连接到所述壳体(12),所述控制电路(30)包括恒电位器。
10.根据权利要求7所述的气体传感器,还包括包含一氧化碳的气体,其中所述高锰酸钾元件(26)和所述碳元件(28)被配置成允许一氧化碳通过。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US14/447922 | 2014-07-31 | ||
US14/447,922 US10386325B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | Gas sensor with partitioned filter |
CN201580041672.XA CN107003273A (zh) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-23 | 具有分隔过滤器的气体传感器 |
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US10386325B2 (en) | 2014-07-31 | 2019-08-20 | Life Safety Distribution Gmbh | Gas sensor with partitioned filter |
US11636870B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-04-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Smoking cessation systems and methods |
US11813926B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-14 | Denso International America, Inc. | Binding agent and olfaction sensor |
US11828210B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-11-28 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic systems and methods of vehicles using olfaction |
US11932080B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-03-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Diagnostic and recirculation control systems and methods |
US11760169B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Particulate control systems and methods for olfaction sensors |
US11881093B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-01-23 | Denso International America, Inc. | Systems and methods for identifying smoking in vehicles |
US12017506B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2024-06-25 | Denso International America, Inc. | Passenger cabin air control systems and methods |
US11760170B2 (en) | 2020-08-20 | 2023-09-19 | Denso International America, Inc. | Olfaction sensor preservation systems and methods |
WO2022043957A1 (en) | 2020-08-31 | 2022-03-03 | Simple Labs, Inc. | Smoke taint sensing device |
CN112345612B (zh) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-11-11 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Co气敏探头及co监测方法 |
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- 2015-07-23 CN CN201580041672.XA patent/CN107003273A/zh active Pending
- 2015-07-23 WO PCT/EP2015/066939 patent/WO2016016104A1/en active Application Filing
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CN107003273A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
US20160033445A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
EP3175230A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
US10386325B2 (en) | 2019-08-20 |
EP3175230B1 (en) | 2020-09-02 |
WO2016016104A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
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