CN112664212A - Three-dimensional model loading device and method for shield machine - Google Patents
Three-dimensional model loading device and method for shield machine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a three-dimensional model loading device and a three-dimensional model loading method for a shield machine, and the three-dimensional model loading device comprises an installation assembly, a loading assembly, a data collection and measurement assembly and a control assembly, wherein the installation assembly comprises a counter-force frame, the loading assembly is installed on the counter-force frame, shield segments are loaded in the middle of the loading assembly, the shield segments form a barrel shape, the loading assembly divides the shield segments into 8 loading areas, a protective layer is arranged between the loading assembly and the shield segments, the loading assembly is connected with the collection and measurement assembly, and the loading assembly and the data collection and measurement assembly are electrically connected with the control assembly. The invention improves the experimental mechanism of anisotropy of the shield segment disease degradation problem, and changes the two-dimensional model experiment into the three-dimensional model experiment aiming at the particularity of the shield segment disease research, so that the lining disease experimental result has higher reliability, comprehensiveness and authenticity.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a three-dimensional model loading device and method for a shield tunneling machine.
Background
The existing loading rack for the shield tunnel model test aims at exploring the stress deformation development rule of a tunnel structure in a stratum, and the interaction between the tunnel structure and surrounding rocks needs to be considered, so that the force applied by the loading device acts on soil around a tunnel, the size of the tunnel model is limited by considering the boundary effect of the model, and most of the existing loading devices for the shield tunnel model test can only complete the loading test with a small scale. Because the tunnel model scale is smaller, the shield model can only be poured once, and the grooves are carved on the model to simulate the joints of the segments, so that the original structural stress system of the shield tunnel segments cannot be really restored, and the obtained result has larger deviation with the stress condition of the real shield tunnel. In addition, because the components are small, the formation and development of cracks in the lining segment are not easily observed. The invention does not need to fill and simulate the soil body of the surrounding rock, adopts a direct loading mode, reduces the stress condition of the shield tunnel in the surrounding rock body by accurately controlling the pressure output by the hydraulic jack, is not restricted by the boundary effect of the tunnel, can finish the tunnel model loading experiment with large scale, and is favorable for observing the whole gradual damage and instability process that the lining segment is damaged from the microscopic damage of the material to the macroscopic local damage of the structure and then to the overall instability of the structure in the loading process of the shield segment due to large scale.
Although some existing shield tunnel loading devices adopt a direct loading mode to realize the stress condition of a tunnel in surrounding rocks, a simulation experiment is generally carried out by only taking one ring of shield segments, the stress deformation of the shield tunnel is simplified into a two-dimensional plane problem, and the stress transfer characteristic between the rings of the shield segments is not considered. In actual engineering, for a shield tunnel disease, the crack of a segment structure often appears at a joint of two rings of segments, so that in the research of researching the evolution of the shield tunnel crack disease, a two-dimensional shield interval model cannot explain the development characteristics and rules of a lining disease, and the problem of researching the lining disease cannot simply simplify the interval into a two-dimensional plane stress structure.
After the subway shield tunnel is built and operated, along with continuous accumulation of operation time, diseases such as segment cracking, collapse, segment dislocation, water leakage and the like are caused due to inherent subway lining quality defects. The segment structure cracking is used as a common disease of the shield lining structure and is also a direct cause of various diseases such as water leakage, slurry pumping and mud pumping. The reason for the duct piece is very complex, and mainly has frost heaving effect, underground water influence, high ground pressure, lining rear cavity, bias pressure and the like. The reason for the crack propagation of the duct piece is also multifaceted, and can be roughly divided into environmental factors and material factors, wherein the environmental factors include: variations in temperature and humidity, formation differential settlement, and various external loads; the factors of the material itself include: shrinkage, creep, plastic zone change, material durability change, etc. of concrete. Therefore, the cause, development and overall damage of segment cracking are required to be explored, a field in-situ test or an indoor model experiment can be carried out, the former has more authenticity and reliability, but the experiment is greatly influenced by external factors such as topography and geology, the experiment controllability is poor, and the experiment difficulty is far greater than that of the latter. In contrast, although the model experiment does not have the authenticity and reliability of the in-situ test, the experiment is less influenced by the outside, the operability is large, the application range is wide, and the advantages are far greater than the disadvantages, so the model experiment is one of the most effective means in the experiment for researching the tunnel disease mechanism.
The existing tunnel model experiment can be roughly divided into the following two experimental facilities. One is a tunnel model box consisting of a loading frame, front and rear baffles, a hydraulic system and a measuring system, wherein similar materials are used for simulating the interaction relation between the tunnel section and surrounding rocks in the experiment, soil is filled and compacted in the test box, then tunnel excavation is simulated, and a lining model made of similar materials is used as a supporting structure to replace an excavated soil body. The tunnel excavation has a size effect problem, so that the similarity ratio cannot be selected to be too large, a model with the similarity ratio of 1:70 is taken as an example, the size of a model box is 1m multiplied by 0.3m multiplied by 1.5m, and in addition, the size of a reaction frame and a loading system is continuously increased, so that the similarity ratio is limited, the size of a lining structure is small, the local observability is poor, the effect and the authenticity generated in the experimental process are not strong, the actual effect is often inconsistent with the expected theoretical effect, and the experimental result is not significant. Although the model box relatively truly restores the interaction relation between the surrounding rock and the lining structure in the tunnel excavation process, due to the addition of the surrounding rock materials, the difficulty and the labor amount of the experiment are increased, the test period is prolonged, the embedding of the measuring instrument is more difficult, the interference of the surrounding rock soil body on the measured data is large, and the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The other type is a direct loading model experiment without considering surrounding rock materials, and consists of a reaction frame, a hydraulic system and a measuring system. Through earlier stage calculation, the force that tunnel model receives in the country rock that will calculate obtains passes through jack direct action on lining cutting structure for lining cutting structure atress is more clear and definite, and is effectual stronger. Because the influence of surrounding rocks on the lining is not considered, the measuring elements are easy to arrange, the data is less interfered by the outside, and the authenticity and the accuracy of the acquisition result are higher. Because the structure loading experiment with a large scale can be completed without being constrained by the size effect, the increase of the whole size undoubtedly enables the local structural change to be easier to observe, and the effect and the observability are stronger. However, the loading rack generally adopts horizontal loading, one side of the model is in contact with the ground, although measures can be taken to reduce the friction force between the ground and the tunnel model before loading, the friction force cannot be completely eliminated, and inevitable errors are added to the loading test, and in addition, the horizontal loading method needs to be matched with special hoisting equipment for the loading test of 1:10, and undoubtedly needs a larger test field. The two tunnel model devices are suitable for problems such as shield tunnel excavation and the like, but are not suitable for model tests for observing shield segment diseases.
The invention relates to a shield tunnel three-dimensional model loading vertical test bed designed aiming at the problem of shield segment diseases, which adopts a direct full-circle loading mode, does not consider the interaction between a lining and surrounding rocks, adopts a lining structure with a large similarity ratio and is convenient for observing the microscopic development condition of segment local diseases. The experiment bench has been equipped with power transmission structure and synchronous loading system, can accomplish the loading experiment of the interval model of the multi-ring shield that has certain longitudinal length, two-dimensional model experiment conversion before is for three-dimensional model experiment, solved that two-dimensional model experiment can't explain segment longitudinal crack development condition and annular joint department conquassation in the shield tunnel crack problem research, the condition such as wrong platform, this scheme has perfected the anisotropic experimental mechanism of shield section of jurisdiction disease degradation problem, to the particularity of shield section of jurisdiction disease research, change two-dimensional model experiment for three-dimensional model test, make lining cutting disease experimental result have more reliability, comprehensive and authenticity.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides a three-dimensional model loading device and a three-dimensional model loading method for a shield machine, which are used for solving the problems that in the prior art, a two-dimensional model experiment cannot solve the development condition of a longitudinal crack of a duct piece and the situations of crushing, slab staggering and the like at an annular joint in the research of the problem of the shield tunnel crack.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:
the embodiment of the invention discloses a three-dimensional model loading device of a shield machine, which comprises a mounting assembly, a loading assembly, a data collection and measurement assembly and a control assembly, wherein the mounting assembly comprises a counter-force frame, the loading assembly is mounted on the counter-force frame, shield segments are loaded in the middle of the loading assembly, the shield segments form a barrel shape, the loading assembly divides the shield segments into 8 loading areas, a protective layer is arranged between the loading assembly and the shield segments, the loading assembly is connected with the collection and measurement assembly, and the loading assembly and the data collection and measurement assembly are electrically connected with the control assembly.
Further, the loading subassembly includes jack, spring, increased pressure plate and electronic oil hydraulic pump station, the quantity of jack adopts 9 and is used for 8 directions of loading shield structure section of jurisdiction respectively, the jack is installed on counter-force frame, and the bottom of shield structure section of jurisdiction sets up in the jack that has two parallel arrangement, the jack is kept away from spring and increased pressure plate fixed connection are passed through to counter-force frame's one end, the increased pressure plate passes through the inoxidizing coating and laminates mutually with the shield structure section of jurisdiction, the quantity of inoxidizing coating is the same with the quantity of increased pressure plate, be provided with the oil hydraulic pump in the electronic hydraulic pump station, the jack links to each other with the oil hydraulic pump, electronic hydraulic pump station is connected with the control module electricity.
Furthermore, tenons are arranged at one ends, close to each other, of the jack and the pressurizing plate, and the spring is fixedly arranged between the two tenons; the two jacks arranged on the upper side part are arranged on the counter-force frame through the first mounting component, the two jacks arranged on the lower side part are arranged on the counter-force frame through the second mounting component, the 1 jack arranged on the right upper part is directly arranged on the counter-force frame, and the two jacks arranged on the right lower part are both directly arranged on the mounting components; the first mounting assembly comprises a cushion block, a reinforcing steel pipe and an inclined strut, the cushion block is fixed at the oblique angle of the reaction frame, the inclined strut is fixed at one end, away from the cushion block, of the oblique angle of the reaction frame, the cushion block and the inclined strut are fixed through the vertically arranged reinforcing steel pipe, and the jack is mounted on the inclined strut; the second mounting assembly is made of I-shaped steel, the plane of the I-shaped steel is fixed on the counter-force frame, and a jack is mounted on the inclined plane of the I-shaped steel.
Furthermore, two jacks arranged right below the counter-force frame are connected to the same hydraulic oil pump, and the output end of the hydraulic oil pump is connected with a flow divider.
Further, the data collection and measurement assembly comprises a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a displacement data converter, each jack is provided with a displacement sensor used for detecting jacking displacement, all the displacement sensors are electrically connected with the control assembly through the displacement data converter, and the output end of each hydraulic oil pump is provided with the pressure sensor.
Furthermore, the mounting assembly also comprises a cart and a base plate, wherein the bottom of the mounting assembly is provided with two jacks arranged in parallel and mounted on the cart, and the base plate is mounted at the bottom of the reaction frame; the control component adopts an electronic computer; the protective layer is a rubber cushion layer.
The embodiment of the invention discloses a method for loading a three-dimensional model of a shield tunneling machine, which comprises the following steps:
s1, finishing the installation of the three-dimensional model loading device of the shield machine;
s2, debugging the data acquisition system, and setting the initial pressure, the pressure increasing value of each stage and the pressure stabilizing time of the computer;
s3, full-circle preloading is carried out, so that the pressurizing plate is closely attached to the segment model, no gap exists, the initial reading represents that the data acquisition element normally works, and otherwise, the data acquisition element fails;
s4, debugging a zero setting acquisition system, and setting the initial readings of all data acquisition elements to zero before formally starting a pressurization test;
s5, starting a loading test, operating a loading assembly by a computer to pressurize, slowly loading, applying initial pressure to a first pressure stabilizing point according to preset parameter values, stopping pressurizing, keeping pressure, reading a measurement result of a data acquisition element, observing the overall state of a segment model and the crack development and extension conditions of the segment, and taking a picture for recording;
s6, after the loading condition of the previous step is recorded and observed, the next step of loading is carried out, and the loading is continued on the basis of the pressure value of the previous step until the crushing and instability condition of the segment model occurs, and at the moment, the integral structure of the model fails;
and S7, processing the collected measurement data, drawing a stress and deformation relation curve, and summarizing and analyzing the stress characteristic and the crack propagation rule of the segment model structure by combining the segment model crack propagation condition.
Further, in S1, the following steps are included: pouring and maintaining shield segments, assembling the segments, adjusting a counter-force frame, connecting a loading oil pressure device, connecting a displacement pressure sensor, a viscous stress acquisition element, installing a shield model on a cart, and locking the cart and the counter-force frame.
Further, in S5, the loading speed of the loading assembly is controlled at 1 kPa/min.
Further, in S6, the data acquisition element automatically records the measurement value every 1 second throughout the loading process, and the data acquisition is stopped after 10 minutes after the model fails, at which point the loading test is completed.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention provides an innovative counter-force frame of a shield tunnel model experiment aiming at the particularity of the research on the damage and the crack of the shield tunnel segment, changes the original two-dimensional shield tunnel model experiment into a three-dimensional model experiment, eliminates the limitation that the original two-dimensional model experiment can not explore the development condition of the longitudinal crack of the shield tunnel segment and the situations of crushing, slab staggering and the like at the annular joint, perfects the experimental basis of the anisotropic expansion rule of the segment crack, provides experimental basis for the research on the segment crack of the shield tunnel, and provides reference basis for the treatment measure of the segment crack of the shield tunnel in the practical engineering.
2. The installation assembly of the vertical loading rack is adopted, a hoisting device which is required to be equipped by a horizontal loading device is omitted, the test condition is simplified, the occupied area of the test space can be greatly reduced, and the test operation is more flexible; the influence factors of errors generated on test results in the original horizontal loading experiment process are eliminated, such as the fact that the friction force between the pipe piece and the ground is not completely eliminated when the pipe piece is in contact with the ground, and the errors are caused by setting of each loading parameter.
3. The whole-cycle loading mode is adopted, the equipped loading devices are mutually independent, the whole set of loading system and the data acquisition system are controlled by a computer, the requirements of different loading tests can be met, and the loading system and the data acquisition system are compatible to different test purposes.
4. For make experimental operation simple convenient, use manpower sparingly material resources, arrange the shield structure model in on the shallow to carry out optimal design to shallow and counter-force frame, so not only can make things convenient for the removal operation and the measuring element of shield structure model to lay, can also be convenient for observe the disease evolution of section of jurisdiction crack loss, provide convenience to the collection of test result.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a three-dimensional model loading device of a shield tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a three-dimensional model loading device of a shield tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a system floor plan view of a three-dimensional model loading device of a shield tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic step diagram of a method for loading a three-dimensional model of a shield tunneling machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a counter-force frame; 201. cushion blocks; 202. reinforcing the steel pipe; 203. bracing; 3. a jack; 4. a tenon; 5. a spring; 6. a shield segment; 7. a rubber cushion layer; 8. a pressurizing plate; 9. i-shaped steel; 10. pushing a cart; 11. a base plate; 12. a displacement sensor; 13. a pressure sensor; 14. an oil pressure pump; 15. a flow divider valve; 16. an electric hydraulic pump station; 17. a displacement data converter; 18. and a control component.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
With reference to fig. 1-3, the embodiment of the invention discloses a three-dimensional model loading device of a shield machine, which comprises a mounting assembly, a loading assembly, a data collection measurement assembly and a control assembly 18, wherein the mounting assembly comprises a counterforce frame 1, the loading assembly is mounted on the counterforce frame 1, a shield segment 6 is loaded in the middle of the loading assembly, the shield segment 6 forms a barrel shape, the loading assembly divides the shield segment 6 into 8 loading areas, a protective layer is arranged between the loading assembly and the shield segment 6, the loading assembly is connected with the collection measurement assembly, and the loading assembly and the data collection measurement assembly are both electrically connected with the control assembly 18. Compared with the existing tunnel model box, the tunnel model box is not limited by the size effect, so that a model experiment with a large similarity ratio can be selected, the damage observability of the local microstructure of the shield model with a large scale is strong, the effect and the authenticity generated in the experiment process are better, the expected theoretical effect can be achieved, and the experiment result is relatively more meaningful. Compared with a model box, the test box omits surrounding rock materials, reduces the difficulty and the labor amount of the experiment, shortens the test period, simplifies the burying of the measuring instrument, prevents the measured data from being interfered by the surrounding rock soil body, and ensures the accuracy. Compared with the existing shield tunnel direct loading model experiment, the method converts the prior two-dimensional shield model experiment into the three-dimensional shield model experiment, solves the contradiction that the two-dimensional model experiment cannot solve the development condition of the longitudinal crack of the shield segment 6, the crushing, the slab staggering and the like at the annular joint in the research of the crack problem of the tunnel, perfects the anisotropic experimental mechanism of the disease degradation problem of the shield segment 6, converts the two-dimensional model experiment into the three-dimensional model experiment aiming at the particularity of the research of the disease of the shield tunnel segment, and ensures that the experimental result of the disease of the lining segment has higher reliability, comprehensiveness and authenticity.
The loading subassembly includes jack 3, spring 5, increased pressure plate 8 and 14 stations of electronic oil pressure pump, the quantity of jack 3 adopts 9 and is used for 8 directions of loading shield structure section of jurisdiction 6 respectively, jack 3 installs on reaction frame 1, and the bottom of shield structure section of jurisdiction 6 sets up in jack 3 that has two parallel arrangement, jack 3 keeps away from spring 5 and increased pressure plate 8 fixed connection are passed through to reaction frame 1's one end, increased pressure plate 8 laminates with shield structure section of jurisdiction 6 through the inoxidizing coating, the quantity of inoxidizing coating is the same with increased pressure plate 8's quantity, be provided with oil pressure pump 14 in the electronic hydraulic pump station 16, jack 3 links to each other with oil pressure pump 14, electronic hydraulic pump station 16 is connected with control module 18 electricity. The one end that jack 3 and pressure plate 8 are close to each other all sets up tenon 4, spring 5 fixed mounting is between two tenons 4. Two jacks 3 installed on the upper side part are installed on the counter-force frame 1 through a first installation component, two jacks 3 installed on the lower side part are installed on the counter-force frame 1 through a second installation component, 1 jack 3 installed on the upper part is directly installed on the counter-force frame 1, and two jacks 3 installed on the lower part are all directly installed on the installation component. The first mounting assembly comprises a cushion block 201, a reinforced steel pipe 202 and an inclined strut 203, the cushion block 201 is fixed at the oblique angle of the counterforce frame 1, the inclined strut 203 is fixed at one end, away from the cushion block 201, of the oblique angle of the counterforce frame 1, the cushion block 201 and the inclined strut 203 are fixed through the reinforced steel pipe 202 which is vertically arranged, and the jack 3 is mounted on the inclined strut 203; the second mounting assembly is made of I-shaped steel 9, the plane of the I-shaped steel 9 is fixed on the counter-force frame 1, and a jack is mounted on the inclined plane of the I-shaped steel 9. The two jacks arranged under the counterforce frame 1 are connected to the same hydraulic oil pump, and the output end of the hydraulic oil pump is connected with a flow divider 15. The data collection and measurement assembly comprises a displacement sensor 12, a pressure sensor 13 and a displacement data converter 17, wherein each jack is provided with the displacement sensor 12 for detecting jacking displacement, all the displacement sensors 12 are electrically connected with the control assembly 18 through the displacement data converter 17, and the output end of each hydraulic oil pump is provided with the pressure sensor 13.
The installation component further comprises a trolley 10 and a base plate 11, the bottom of the installation component is arranged on a jack with two parallel arrangements and is installed on the trolley 10, the base plate 11 is installed at the bottom of the counter-force frame 1, the operation is simple and convenient for testing, manpower and material resources are saved, the shield model is arranged on the trolley 10, and the trolley 10 and the counter-force frame 1 are optimized and designed, so that the shield model can be conveniently moved, operated and measured, the damage evolution of the segment can be observed conveniently, and convenience is brought to the collection of a test result. The control component 18 adopts an electronic computer and a full-circle loading mode, the equipped loading devices are mutually independent, the whole set of loading system and the data acquisition system are controlled by the computer, different loading test requirements can be met, the loading system and the data acquisition system are compatible with different test purposes, and the protective layer is made of the rubber cushion layer 7.
The loading assembly can adopt an air cushion type air pressure loading system, the whole principle is the same, the force transmission effect is consistent, but the hydraulic loading system can better control the operation, and the output pressure is more stable and accurate.
The method can simulate the stress characteristics of the shield tunnel structure in various stratum environments (without considering the water pressure), and is suitable for the following conditions (for example):
1. simulating and exploring the ultimate bearing capacity of the shield tunnel, simulating vertical soil pressure by using 1# to 3# jacks, simulating lateral soil pressure by using 4# and 5# jacks, carrying out graded loading on the model by using a numerical control system, loading the model until the tunnel structure is damaged and fails under the condition of keeping the lateral pressure coefficient unchanged, wherein the load output value at the moment is the bearing capacity of the shield tunnel;
2. simulating the action of a bias load on a shield tunnel in a certain stratum, controlling the hydraulic output values of the jacks 4# and 5# to be corresponding side pressure values and keeping unchanged, not loading and pressurizing the jacks 6# to 9# at the bottom, and simulating the load condition in the bias stratum by controlling and adjusting the pressure values of the jacks 1# to 3# at the top;
3. simulating the situation of cavities at the back of a segment lining with irregular geometric shape, wherein a rubber ring layer clamped between a pressurizing steel plate and a segment model can be cut correspondingly at any position of the whole circumference of the shield tunnel or along the longitudinal direction of the tunnel according to the design working condition of the cavities, and the cut area loses contact with the steel plate so as to achieve the purpose of simulating the cavities;
4. the method includes the steps that the condition that the inverted arch of the shield tunnel is arched due to overlarge grouting pressure or surrounding rock expansion is simulated, the tunnel is set to be a certain buried depth, the 1# to 3# jacks simulate vertical soil pressure, the 4# and 5# jacks simulate lateral soil pressure, the soil pressure corresponding to a set stratum is loaded, the pressure is kept unchanged, and the condition that the inverted arch is arched is simulated by lifting the load values of the 8# and 9# jacks.
Referring to fig. 4, a specific embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for loading a three-dimensional model of a shield tunneling machine, including the following steps: s1, finishing the installation of the three-dimensional model loading device of the shield machine; s2, debugging the data acquisition system, and setting the initial pressure, the pressure increasing value of each stage and the pressure stabilizing time of the computer; s3, full-circle preloading is carried out, so that the pressurizing plate is closely attached to the segment model, no gap exists, the initial reading represents that the data acquisition element normally works, and otherwise, the data acquisition element fails; s4, debugging a zero setting acquisition system, and setting the initial readings of all data acquisition elements to zero before formally starting a pressurization test; s5, starting a loading test, operating a loading assembly by a computer to pressurize, slowly loading, applying initial pressure to a first pressure stabilizing point according to preset parameter values, stopping pressurizing, keeping pressure, reading a measurement result of a data acquisition element, observing the overall state of a segment model and the crack development and extension conditions of the segment, and taking a picture for recording; s6, after the loading condition of the previous step is recorded and observed, the next step of loading is carried out, and the loading is continued on the basis of the pressure value of the previous step until the crushing and instability condition of the segment model occurs, and at the moment, the integral structure of the model fails; and S7, processing the collected measurement data, drawing a stress and deformation relation curve, and summarizing and analyzing the stress characteristic and the crack propagation rule of the segment model structure by combining the segment model crack propagation condition. The following steps are included in S1: pouring and maintaining shield segments, assembling the segments, adjusting a counter-force frame, connecting a loading oil pressure device, connecting a displacement pressure sensor, a viscous stress acquisition element, installing a shield model on a cart, and locking the cart and the counter-force frame. In S5, the loading speed of the loading assembly is controlled at 1 kPa/min. In S6, the data acquisition element automatically records the measurement value every 1 second throughout the loading process, and the data acquisition stops after 10 minutes after the model fails, at which point the loading test ends.
Aiming at the particularity of the research on the damage and the crack of the shield tunnel segment, the invention provides the innovative counter-force frame 1 of the shield tunnel model experiment, the original two-dimensional shield tunnel model experiment is converted into the three-dimensional model experiment, the limitation that the original two-dimensional model experiment cannot explore the development condition of the longitudinal crack of the shield tunnel segment and the situations of crushing, slab staggering and the like at the annular joint is eliminated, the experimental basis of the anisotropic expansion rule of the segment crack is perfected, the experimental basis is provided for the research on the 6 crack of the shield segment, and the reference basis is provided for the treatment measure of the 6 crack of the shield segment in the practical engineering.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a shield constructs quick-witted three-dimensional model loading device which characterized in that: including installation component, loading subassembly, data collection measurement element and control assembly, the installation component includes the counter-force frame, the loading subassembly install in on the counter-force frame, the shield section of jurisdiction is loaded in the middle of the loading subassembly, the cask form is constituteed to the shield section of jurisdiction, the loading subassembly divide into 8 loading districts with the shield section of jurisdiction, be provided with the inoxidizing coating between loading subassembly and the shield section of jurisdiction, the loading subassembly with it links to each other to collect measurement element, loading subassembly and data collection measurement element all are connected with the control assembly electricity.
2. The three-dimensional model loading device of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the loading subassembly includes jack, spring, increased pressure plate and electronic oil hydraulic pump station, the quantity of jack adopts 9 and is used for 8 directions of loading shield structure section of jurisdiction respectively, the jack is installed on counter-force frame, and the bottom of shield structure section of jurisdiction sets up in the jack that has two parallel arrangement, the jack is kept away from spring and increased pressure plate fixed connection are passed through to counter-force frame's one end, the increased pressure plate passes through the inoxidizing coating and laminates mutually with the shield structure section of jurisdiction, the quantity of inoxidizing coating is the same with the quantity of increased pressure plate, be provided with the oil hydraulic pump in the electronic hydraulic pump station, the jack links to each other with the oil hydraulic pump, electronic hydraulic pump station is connected with the control assembly electricity.
3. The three-dimensional model loading device of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the ends, close to each other, of the jack and the pressurizing plate are provided with tenons, and the spring is fixedly arranged between the two tenons; the two jacks arranged on the upper side part are arranged on the counter-force frame through the first mounting component, the two jacks arranged on the lower side part are arranged on the counter-force frame through the second mounting component, the 1 jack arranged on the right upper part is directly arranged on the counter-force frame, and the two jacks arranged on the right lower part are both directly arranged on the mounting components; the first mounting assembly comprises a cushion block, a reinforcing steel pipe and an inclined strut, the cushion block is fixed at the oblique angle of the reaction frame, the inclined strut is fixed at one end, away from the cushion block, of the oblique angle of the reaction frame, the cushion block and the inclined strut are fixed through the vertically arranged reinforcing steel pipe, and the jack is mounted on the inclined strut; the second mounting assembly is made of I-shaped steel, the plane of the I-shaped steel is fixed on the counter-force frame, and a jack is mounted on the inclined plane of the I-shaped steel.
4. The three-dimensional model loading device of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the two jacks arranged under the counter-force frame are connected to the same hydraulic oil pump, and the output end of the hydraulic oil pump is connected with a flow divider.
5. The three-dimensional model loading device of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: the data collection and measurement assembly comprises a displacement sensor, a pressure sensor and a displacement data converter, wherein each jack is provided with the displacement sensor for detecting jacking displacement, all the displacement sensors are electrically connected with the control assembly through the displacement data converter, and the output end of each hydraulic oil pump is provided with the pressure sensor.
6. The three-dimensional model loading device of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: the mounting assembly further comprises a cart and a base plate, the bottom of the mounting assembly is arranged on the cart, two jacks arranged in parallel are mounted on the cart, and the base plate is mounted at the bottom of the counter-force frame; the control component adopts an electronic computer; the protective layer is a rubber cushion layer.
7. A three-dimensional model loading method of a shield tunneling machine is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, finishing the installation of the three-dimensional model loading device of the shield machine;
s2, debugging the data acquisition system, and setting the initial pressure, the pressure increasing value of each stage and the pressure stabilizing time of the computer;
s3, full-circle preloading is carried out, so that the pressurizing plate is closely attached to the segment model, no gap exists, the initial reading represents that the data acquisition element normally works, and otherwise, the data acquisition element fails;
s4, debugging a zero setting acquisition system, and setting the initial readings of all data acquisition elements to zero before formally starting a pressurization test;
s5, starting a loading test, operating a loading assembly by a computer to pressurize, slowly loading, applying initial pressure to a first pressure stabilizing point according to preset parameter values, stopping pressurizing, keeping pressure, reading a measurement result of a data acquisition element, observing the overall state of a segment model and the crack development and extension conditions of the segment, and taking a picture for recording;
s6, after the loading condition of the previous step is recorded and observed, the next step of loading is carried out, and the loading is continued on the basis of the pressure value of the previous step until the crushing and instability condition of the segment model occurs, and at the moment, the integral structure of the model fails;
and S7, processing the collected measurement data, drawing a stress and deformation relation curve, and summarizing and analyzing the stress characteristic and the crack propagation rule of the segment model structure by combining the segment model crack propagation condition.
8. The method for loading the three-dimensional model of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 7, wherein: the following steps are included in S1: pouring and maintaining shield segments, assembling the segments, adjusting a counter-force frame, connecting a loading oil pressure device, connecting a displacement pressure sensor, a viscous stress acquisition element, installing a shield model on a cart, and locking the cart and the counter-force frame.
9. The method for loading the three-dimensional model of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 7, wherein: in S5, the loading speed of the loading assembly is controlled at 1 kPa/min.
10. The method for loading the three-dimensional model of the shield tunneling machine according to claim 7, wherein: in S6, the data acquisition element automatically records the measurement value every 1 second throughout the loading process, and the data acquisition stops after 10 minutes after the model fails, at which point the loading test ends.
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| CN202011618573.2A CN112664212A (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Three-dimensional model loading device and method for shield machine |
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