CN112664202A - Reverse small shed tunneling method for shallow buried section - Google Patents
Reverse small shed tunneling method for shallow buried section Download PDFInfo
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- CN112664202A CN112664202A CN202011545968.4A CN202011545968A CN112664202A CN 112664202 A CN112664202 A CN 112664202A CN 202011545968 A CN202011545968 A CN 202011545968A CN 112664202 A CN112664202 A CN 112664202A
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- shaped steel
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)N1C2=C(NC([C@H](C1)NC=1OC(=NN=1)C1=CC=CC=C1)=O)C=CC=C2 FGUUSXIOTUKUDN-IBGZPJMESA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008262 pumice Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 101150097977 arch-1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reverse small tunnel cave forming method for a shallow buried section in the technical field of tunnel construction, which comprises the steps of firstly erecting an I-shaped steel arch on a tunnel excavation surface, drilling a tunnel hole from a tunnel fixing hole of the I-shaped steel arch along an obliquely upward direction, then inserting a tunnel steel pipe into the tunnel hole, welding an exposed part of the end part of the tunnel steel pipe with the arch crown part of the I-shaped steel arch, then grouting the tunnel steel pipe with cement until the designed grouting pressure or the designed grouting amount is reached, finally excavating the operation surface by using a cantilever excavator, adopting a short excavating short support mode, carrying out primary support every time of excavating 0.4-0.5m until the shallow buried section is constructed and runs through the ground surface. This tunneling mode has effectually reduced the influence that the excavation warp to the earth's surface, guarantees the stability of the shallow section of burying of import tunnel section for the construction progress has been solved the construction technology difficult problem that shallow section of burying forward import section can't become the hole, guarantees tunnel construction security, saves the investment simultaneously, has improved economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a method for forming a reverse small shed in a shallow buried section.
Background
At present, most of tunnel shallow layer section construction uses methods of mechanical cutting, drilling and blasting, mechanical slag removal, tunnel supporting and the like. However, for relatively complex terrains with steep side slopes at the entrance section, main landforms of gullies, longitudinal and transverse valleys, large fluctuation and the like, surrounding rocks have no self-stability, and the phenomena of large-area roof fall and collapse are easily caused by serious deformation and damage due to the adoption of a conventional method for excavating tunnels. At present, under the condition that a tunnel cannot be formed at a tunnel opening due to unfavorable terrain, the tunnel is also entered by adopting the forms of bridging, large-excavation side slope, supporting and the like, but the modes are unfavorable for project cost, and the construction safety cannot be ensured.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the existing tunnel shallow layer construction, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that: provides a method for forming holes in a reverse small shed at a shallow buried section, which has low cost and high safety.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a shallow-buried section reverse small shed tunneling method comprises the following steps:
a. manufacturing I-shaped steel arches and pipe shed steel pipes in a factory according to the size of an excavated tunnel, drilling a plurality of pipe shed fixing holes at intervals on a web plate at the arch crown part of the I-shaped steel arch, and drilling grouting holes at intervals on the pipe walls of the pipe shed steel pipes;
b. erecting an I-shaped steel arch frame on the excavation surface of the tunnel, wherein the I-shaped steel arch frame is fixed with the surrounding rock mass through an anchor rod;
c. drilling a pipe shed hole from a pipe shed fixing hole of the I-steel arch frame along an obliquely upward direction;
d. inserting a pipe shed steel pipe along a pipe shed hole, and welding an exposed part of the end part of the pipe shed steel pipe with the arch crown part of the I-shaped steel arch frame;
e. grouting the steel pipe of the pipe shed with cement until the designed grouting pressure or the designed grouting amount is reached;
f. and (4) excavating the working face by using a cantilever excavator, repeating the steps b to f every time when the working face is excavated to be 0.4-0.5m, and performing concrete spraying and supporting between adjacent I-shaped steel arch frames through anchor nets, so that the construction is circulated until the construction of the shallow buried section is finished and the ground surface is penetrated.
Furthermore, the I-steel arch frames comprise two specifications, namely high specification and low specification, the high specification adopts 20# I-steel, the low specification adopts 16# I-steel, a group of high specification I-steel arch frames are erected at intervals of 1.6-2m along the tunneling direction of the tunnel, three groups of low specification I-steel arch frames are uniformly arranged at intervals, and pipe shed fixing holes and pipe shed steel pipes are only arranged on the high specification I-steel arch frames.
Further, the I-steel arch comprises a column part and a vault part, and the column part and the vault part are connected through bolts.
Furthermore, the pipe shed fixing holes are arranged at intervals of 300mm, and the diameter of each pipe shed fixing hole is phi 45-50 mm.
Furthermore, the pipe diameter of the pipe shed steel pipe is phi 40-42mm, the length is not less than 4m, grouting holes in the pipe wall are arranged in a quincunx shape, and the hole diameter is not less than phi 10 mm.
Furthermore, in the step b, firstly, the pumice on the working surface is pried off, an anchor rod with the specification not less than phi 20 x 2m is constructed, the anchor rod is anchored in the surrounding rock by using a resin anchoring agent, and the end part of the anchor rod is welded with the I-shaped steel arch center.
Further, in step c, the axial direction of the pipe shed holes is inclined upwards by 15 °.
Furthermore, in the step d, a 6cm reducing opening is made on the opening of the steel pipe of the pipe shed by a 2mm steel plate and is welded with the opening of the steel pipe of the pipe shed, and the reducing opening is provided with a plugging plug which is connected with a screw thread of the grouting pipe.
Further, in step e, the cement slurry water-cement ratio is l: l, the grouting pressure is 0.5-1.0 MPa.
And further, in the step f, binding two adjacent groups of I-steel arch frames by using steel bar meshes, and then performing anchor net concrete spraying support, wherein the overall thickness is not less than 100 mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the tunnel is formed by adopting the mode of erecting the I-shaped steel arch frame and supporting the small pipe shed while tunneling, the influence of excavation on the deformation of the earth surface is effectively reduced, the stability of the shallow buried section is ensured, the construction progress is accelerated, the construction technical problem that the forward buried section of the shallow buried section cannot be formed into the tunnel is solved, the safety of tunnel construction is ensured, the investment is saved, and the economic benefit is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a roadway section supporting structure of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the roadway axial supporting structure of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the steel pipe structure of the pipe shed of the invention.
Marked in the figure as 1-I-shaped steel arch, 2-pipe shed steel pipe, 3-anchor rod, 1 a-high specification I-shaped steel arch, 1 b-low specification I-shaped steel arch, 11-pipe shed fixing hole and 21-grouting hole.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a method for forming holes in reverse small shed at shallow buried section, comprising the following steps:
a. manufacturing an I-shaped steel arch frame 1 and a pipe shed steel pipe 2 in a factory according to the size of an excavated tunnel, drilling a plurality of pipe shed fixing holes 11 on a web plate at the arch crown part of the I-shaped steel arch frame 1 at intervals, and drilling grouting holes 21 on the pipe wall of the pipe shed steel pipe 2 at intervals;
b. an I-shaped steel arch frame 1 is erected on the excavation surface of the tunnel, and the I-shaped steel arch frame 1 is fixed with the surrounding rock mass through an anchor rod 3;
c. drilling a pipe shed hole from a pipe shed fixing hole 11 of the I-steel arch frame 1 along an obliquely upward direction;
d. inserting a pipe shed steel pipe 2 along a pipe shed hole, and welding the exposed part of the end part of the pipe shed steel pipe 2 with the arch crown part of the I-shaped steel arch center 1;
e. grouting the steel pipe 2 of the pipe shed with cement until the designed grouting pressure or the designed grouting amount is reached;
f. and (4) excavating the working face by using a cantilever excavator, repeating the steps b to f every time when the working face is excavated to be 0.4-0.5m, and performing concrete spraying and supporting between the adjacent I-shaped steel arch frames 1 through anchor nets, so that the construction is circulated until the construction of the shallow buried section is finished and the ground surface is penetrated.
Concrete supporting construction is as shown in figure 1, figure 2, adopt the form of erectting I-steel bow member 1 and little shed and strutting while tunneling to carry out the tunnel excavation, usable little shed is stabilized and is supported the top soil body, thereby the effectual influence that reduces the excavation and warp to the earth's surface, guarantee the stability of shallow section of burying of import hole section, construction progress has been accelerated, the construction technology difficult problem that shallow section of burying forward import section can't become the hole has been solved, guarantee tunnel construction security, simultaneously save the investment, economic benefits has been improved.
The supporting stability and the cost control are comprehensively considered, the I-steel arch centering 1 adopted by the method comprises two specifications of high and low, the high specification adopts 20# I-steel, the low specification adopts 16# I-steel, a group of high specification I-steel arch centering 1a is erected at intervals of 1.6-2m along the tunneling direction of the tunnel, three groups of low specification I-steel arch centering 1b are uniformly arranged at intervals, and the pipe shed fixing holes 11 and the pipe shed steel pipes 2 are only arranged on the high specification I-steel arch centering 1 a. The I-steel arch frames with high and low specifications are adopted for supporting at intervals, so that the structural strength of the support can be ensured, and certain cost can be saved.
In order to conveniently erect the I-steel arch centering 1 in the tunnel, during factory production, the I-steel arch centering 1 is arranged into a structural form that a column part and a vault part are spliced, and the two parts are connected through bolts. Can be conveniently transported to the tunnel and then assembled and erected, and the convenience of installation is improved.
For a common tunnel, such as a tailing pipeline tunnel strip, the clear span of the tunnel is about 2.5m and the height of the tunnel is about 3m, the geological condition of a shallow buried section is considered, in order to realize stable support of an upper soil body, the pipe shed fixing holes 11 are arranged at intervals of about 300mm, and the aperture of each pipe shed fixing hole 11 is phi 45-50 mm. The corresponding pipe diameter of the pipe shed steel pipe 2 is phi 40-42mm, the length is not less than 4m, the grouting holes 21 on the pipe wall are arranged in a quincunx shape, and the aperture is not less than phi 10mm, as shown in figure 3.
After the specification of the supporting structure member to be used is determined, the following preferable modes are provided in a specific construction process.
In the step b, firstly, the pumice on the working surface is pried to place the I-shaped steel arch centering 1, then an anchor rod 3 with the specification not less than phi 20 x 2m is constructed, the anchor rod is anchored in the surrounding rock by using a resin anchoring agent, and finally, the end part is welded with the placed I-shaped steel arch centering 1, so that the I-shaped steel arch centering 1 is fixed. The anchor rods 3 need to be uniformly arranged along the periphery of the whole I-shaped steel arch 1 at intervals so as to improve the uniformity of connection and stress.
In step c, when the pipe shed hole is drilled, the axial direction of the pipe shed hole is 15 degrees upwards in an inclined mode. The structural form of slightly inclining upwards is adopted, which is more beneficial to the connection of the small pipe shed and the I-shaped steel arch frame 1 and plays a role in stabilizing the soil body above.
In the step d, before grouting, a pipe shed steel pipe opening is made into a 6cm reducing opening by using a 2mm steel plate and welded with the pipe shed steel pipe opening, and then a plugging plug is arranged at the reducing opening to be connected with a grouting pipe screw thread, so that subsequent grouting and plugging of the pipe shed steel pipe after grouting are facilitated.
In step e, in order to facilitate the cement to flow, the cement is sprayed out from the grouting holes and permeates into the soil body, so that the pipe shed steel pipe 2 and the surrounding soil body are solidified into a whole, and the water-cement ratio of the cement slurry is preferably l: l, the grouting pressure is 0.5-1.0 MPa.
In the step f, in order to avoid the collapse of the soil body around the tunnel, the two adjacent groups of I-shaped steel arch frames 1 are bound by adopting the reinforcing mesh sheets, and then anchor net concrete spraying support is carried out, so that the overall thickness is not less than 100mm, and the support stability and the construction safety are further improved.
According to the invention, the tunnel excavation is carried out by adopting the mode of erecting the I-steel arch frame and supporting the small shed while tunneling, the influence of excavation on the deformation of the earth surface is effectively reduced, the stability of the shallow-buried section of the entrance tunnel section is ensured, the construction progress is accelerated, the construction technical problem that the forward entrance section of the shallow-buried section cannot be holed is solved, the tunnel construction safety is ensured, the investment is saved, the economic benefit is improved, and the tunnel excavation method has good practicability and application prospect.
Claims (10)
1. A reverse small shed tunneling method for a shallow buried section is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a. manufacturing an I-shaped steel arch frame (1) and a pipe shed steel pipe (2) in a factory according to the size of an excavated tunnel, drilling a plurality of pipe shed fixing holes (11) on a web plate at the arch crown part of the I-shaped steel arch frame (1) at intervals, and drilling grouting holes (21) on the pipe wall of the pipe shed steel pipe (2) at intervals;
b. an I-steel arch frame (1) is erected on the excavation surface of the tunnel, and the I-steel arch frame (1) is fixed with surrounding rock mass through an anchor rod (3);
c. drilling a pipe shed hole from a pipe shed fixing hole (11) of the I-steel arch frame (1) along an obliquely upward direction;
d. inserting a pipe shed steel pipe (2) along a pipe shed hole, and welding the exposed part of the end part of the pipe shed steel pipe (2) with the arch crown part of the I-shaped steel arch frame (1);
e. grouting the pipe shed steel pipe (2) by using cement until the designed grouting pressure or the designed grouting amount is reached;
f. and (4) excavating the working face by using a cantilever excavator, repeating the steps b to f every time when the working face is excavated to be 0.4-0.5m, and spraying concrete between the adjacent I-shaped steel arch frames (1) through anchor nets to support, so that the construction is circulated until the construction of the shallow buried section is finished and the ground surface is penetrated.
2. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the H-shaped steel arch centering (1) comprises two specifications, namely high specification and low specification, wherein the high specification adopts 20# H-shaped steel, the low specification adopts 16# H-shaped steel, a group of high specification H-shaped steel arch centering (1a) is erected at intervals of 1.6-2m along the tunneling direction of a tunnel, three groups of low specification H-shaped steel arch centering (1b) are uniformly arranged at intervals, and a pipe shed fixing hole (11) and a pipe shed steel pipe (2) are arranged on the high specification H-shaped steel arch centering (1 a).
3. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the I-shaped steel arch center (1) comprises an upright post part and an arch crown part, and the upright post part and the arch crown part are connected through bolts.
4. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the pipe shed fixing holes (11) are arranged at intervals of 300mm, and the diameter of the pipe shed fixing holes (11) is phi 45-50 mm.
5. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pipe diameter of the pipe shed steel pipe (2) is phi 40-42mm, the length is not less than 4m, the grouting holes (21) on the pipe wall are arranged in a quincunx shape, and the hole diameter is not less than phi 10 mm.
6. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step b, firstly, the pumice on the working surface is pried, an anchor rod (3) with the specification of not less than phi 20 x 2m is constructed, the anchor rod is anchored in the surrounding rock by using a resin anchoring agent, and the end part of the anchor rod is welded with the I-shaped steel arch frame (1).
7. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step c, the axial direction of the pipe shed holes is inclined upwards by 15 degrees.
8. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step d, making a 6cm reducing opening on the opening of the steel pipe of the pipe shed by using a 2mm steel plate, welding the reducing opening with the opening of the steel pipe of the pipe shed, and arranging a slurry plugging plug at the reducing opening to be connected with a screw thread of a grouting pipe.
9. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step e, the cement slurry water-cement ratio is l: l, the grouting pressure is 0.5-1.0 MPa.
10. The method for forming the hole in the reverse small shed at the shallow buried section as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step f, the two adjacent groups of I-shaped steel arch frames (1) are bound by adopting a steel bar net piece, and then anchor net concrete spraying support is carried out, wherein the whole thickness is not less than 100 mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011545968.4A CN112664202A (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Reverse small shed tunneling method for shallow buried section |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011545968.4A CN112664202A (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Reverse small shed tunneling method for shallow buried section |
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| CN112664202A true CN112664202A (en) | 2021-04-16 |
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| CN202011545968.4A Pending CN112664202A (en) | 2020-12-23 | 2020-12-23 | Reverse small shed tunneling method for shallow buried section |
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Citations (9)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
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2020
- 2020-12-23 CN CN202011545968.4A patent/CN112664202A/en active Pending
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Application publication date: 20210416 |