CN112662833A - Smelting method of low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel - Google Patents
Smelting method of low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting method of low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel, which comprises the following steps of (1) converter primary smelting: the content of C at the blowing end point is 0.05-0.15 wt%, and the content of P at the end point is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%; the primary smelting tapping temperature of the converter is 1620-1650 ℃; (2) an LF refining procedure: the total refining time is 40-55 min, and the alkalinity value of a refining slag system is 4-8; (3) RH vacuum refining process: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 100Pa, and the refining time is 20-30 min; (4) and (3) continuous casting process: the temperature of the tundish molten steel is 1475-1485 ℃, the continuous casting speed is 0.60-0.75 m/min, and the soft reduction is applied to the tail end of the casting blank liquid core, wherein the reduction is 6-10 mm. The invention can realize the high-efficiency, fast-paced and low-cost production of the bearing steel and ensure that the grade of the non-metallic inclusion of the finished product meets the standard requirement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metallurgy, and relates to a smelting method of low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel.
Background
The bearing rolling body is an important component of the bearing, the parts of the bearing rolling body bear extremely strong point load or surface load in extremely severe working environment, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance and the high hardness are required, the steel grade characteristics are determined by unique working requirements, and the bearing steel, which is the raw material of the bearing rolling body, has the characteristics of high purity, low-power uniformity and compactness, uniform carbide distribution and the like in order to meet the corresponding performance.
The preparation process of the traditional steel for the high-carbon chromium bearing rolling body comprises the following steps: molten iron pretreatment → converter or electric furnace primary smelting → LF refining → VD or RH refining → continuous casting or die casting → rolled finished product material. The whole preparation process involves a plurality of working procedures, and in order to ensure the product quality, the time of each production working procedure is long, especially the time of external refining is long, so that the costs of refractory materials, labor, material loss and the like are increased, and the production efficiency is low.
Because the high-carbon chromium bearing steel has higher carbon content, the general production requires the high carbon drawing at the end point of a primary smelting furnace (a converter or an electric furnace), the oxygen content in the steel is reduced, and the dosage of a carburant is reduced; the Al content of the molten steel is controlled to be lower when the converter is out of the station, so that the Al loss is prevented from being large; the LF refining furnace is treated for a long time to remove impurities and perform diffusion deoxidation; the RH vacuum refining time is long, long-time static blowing is needed after the vacuum breaking, and the segregation of the casting blank is controlled by adopting low drawing speed in continuous casting. The whole production process is long in time, the process requirement is complex, stable control is difficult to realize in-situ operation, the production efficiency is low, the cost per ton of steel is greatly increased, and the cost and the benefit per ton of steel are seriously influenced.
Patent CN102418041A discloses a method for producing bearing steel, the section of the continuous casting billet of the steel is a round billet with the diameter of 180mm, and the rolled finished steel product is round steel with the diameter not more than 60mm through a material forming process. However, the bearing steel prepared by the method still has the problem of non-uniform distribution of non-metallic inclusions, and the performance of the steel cannot meet the strict standard requirements easily.
Patent CN 108676952A discloses a preparation method for producing bearing steel by a converter process, the preparation process of the method is relatively complex, the converter requires high end point carbon, and the stable hit of high carbon, low phosphorus and temperature is difficult to realize on site; and the external refining operation is not in accordance with the operation requirement; the RH high vacuum degree is higher, the pure degassing time is shorter, and the control on impurities is not favorable.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a smelting method of low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel, which can realize high-efficiency and low-cost production of the bearing steel, the components of the final product are uniform, and the rating of non-metallic inclusions meets the standard requirement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a smelting method of low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the working procedures of converter primary smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum refining and continuous casting; the process of each procedure is as follows:
(1) converter primary smelting process: the content of C at the blowing end point is 0.05-0.15 wt%, and the content of P at the end point is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%; the primary smelting tapping temperature of the converter is 1620-1650 ℃.
(2) An LF refining procedure: the total refining time is 40-55 min, the alkalinity value of a refining slag system is 4-8, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: when the steel ladle reaches a designated station, opening bottom blowing argon, and adjusting the bottom blowing flow of the steel ladle to ensure that molten steel at an argon blowing part is exposed, namely the diameter of an argon hole is 500-600 mm, and the Al content in the molten steel is adjusted to be 0.04-0.06 wt%;
the second step is that: first power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow of the steel ladle to enable the diameter of an argon hole to be 300-400 mm; heating the molten steel by a descending electrode for 12-15 min to raise the temperature of the molten steel to 1530-1550 ℃; adding lime and fluorite; after power transmission is finished, argon is blown for 1-2 min, and an aluminum wire is fed to ensure that the Al content in molten steel is 0.040-0.060 wt%;
the third step: second power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow rate to keep the diameter of an argon eye to be 300-400 mm, and heating for 6-10 min to enable the temperature of the molten steel to rise to 1550-1565 ℃; lifting an electrode, and adjusting bottom blowing flow to ensure that the diameter of an argon eye is 600-800 mm;
the fourth step: third power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow rate to keep the diameter of an argon eye to be 300-400 mm, heating for 3-8 min, and heating the molten steel to 1580-1590 ℃;
the fifth step: and adjusting the temperature of the molten steel to 1580-1590 ℃ of the outlet temperature, adjusting the bottom blowing flow to the static blowing flow, and waiting for the molten steel to be discharged.
(3) RH vacuum refining process: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 100Pa, and the refining time is 20-30 min.
(4) And (3) continuous casting process: the temperature of the tundish molten steel is 1475-1485 ℃, the continuous casting speed is 0.60-0.75 m/min, and the soft reduction is applied to the tail end of the casting blank liquid core, wherein the reduction is 6-10 mm.
In the converter primary smelting process, the composition and temperature of molten iron entering the converter are required to be less than or equal to 0.140wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.040wt%, and T is greater than or equal to 1300 ℃; the weight ratio of the molten iron to the scrap steel is 9: 1-8: 2; tapping time is more than or equal to 4min, high-carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, high-carbon low-titanium ferrochromium and aluminum products are added during tapping, and the adding amount of the aluminum products is 1.5-2.0 kg/ton; adding 5-6 kg of premelted refined slag per ton of steel after adding the alloy; tapping adopts double slag blocking operation, and the slag dropping amount is less than 5 kg/ton steel; and blowing argon into the ladle 3-4 min before tapping, blowing for 2-4 min after tapping, measuring the temperature, and taking a steel sample.
In the LF refining process, the refining slag system comprises the following components: less than or equal to 0.8wt% of TFe, 48-53 wt% of CaO, and SiO2 7～12wt%，Al2O325-33 wt% of MgO, 5-8 wt%; 1000-1200 kg lime and 50-100 kg fluorite are added in the first power transmission process.
In the RH vacuum refining process, the molten steel stands for 20-25 min after being broken empty, the temperature of the molten steel before being discharged is 1510-1530 ℃, and static blowing is carried out for 2-3 min.
In the continuous casting process, the whole process is protected and poured, and the long ladle nozzle is protected by argon seal; an integral tundish is adopted; the vibration of the crystallizer adopts a non-sinusoidal mode; selecting the bearing steel crystallizer casting powder; the secondary cooling area adopts a weak cooling mode; the pouring time of steel in each furnace is 50-60 min.
The high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.95-1.0%, Si: 0.20 to 0.30%, Mn: 0.30-0.40%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, P is less than or equal to 0.014%, Cr: 1.40-1.52 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.050 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of As, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.075 percent of As + Sn + Sb, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
The inclusions of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel produced by the method are graded according to the method A in GB/T10561-2005: coarse A class is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, and fine A class is less than or equal to 2.0 grade; the fine B class is less than or equal to 2.0, and the coarse B class is less than or equal to 1.0; the inclusion of C-type inclusions is not allowed; coarse D class is less than or equal to 0.5 grade, and fine D class is less than or equal to 1.0 grade; ds class is less than or equal to 1.5 grade; the oxygen content of the finished product is less than or equal to 12 ppm.
The bearing steel is ultra-low oxygen aluminum killed steel, because the reaction area between the ladle lining and the molten steel is large, and the MgO activity in the lining material is high, Al in the molten steel can reduce the lining MgO, so that the inclusion in the steel generates Al2O3To MgO-Al2O3Transformation of the inclusions. And high alkalinity and low Fe along with the prolonging of refining timetThe slag with O content is gradually formed, the Ca content in the molten steel is gradually increased, and the non-metallic inclusions in the steel are generated from MgO-Al2O3CaO-MgO-Al system2O3System of CaO-Al2O3Transformation of the system inclusion. Therefore, the long-time external refining increases the inclusion in the steel, is unfavorable for controlling the purity of molten steel, and reduces the production efficiency.
The converter provided by the invention is used for primarily smelting and tapping low-carbon and low-phosphorus steel, and the hit rate at the end point is improved. LF refining can rapidly complete slagging, component adjustment and temperature operation, and mainly reduces Al2O3To MgO-Al2O3Transformation of the inclusions. The refining time under high vacuum degree is ensured in RH vacuum refining, the collision probability of high-melting-point inclusions is mainly increased, and the size of B, C inclusions in steel is favorably controlled. The continuous casting adopts constant drawing speed control to realize rapid casting; and the solidification tail end adopts dynamic soft reduction, so that the density of the core part of the casting blank is improved.
Adopt the produced beneficial effect of above-mentioned technical scheme to lie in: the invention realizes the high-efficiency and fast-paced production of the bearing steel; by adopting a high-alkalinity bearing steel refining slag system, the deoxidation and desulfurization reaction of the bearing steel are facilitated, the oxygen content of a finished product can be reduced to be less than 12ppm, and the S content is reduced to be less than 0.005%; controlling the operation purpose and time of each step of external refining to realize rapid refining and realize hit of molten steel temperature and components; the treatment time under the RH high vacuum degree is controlled, so that the impurities in the steel can be effectively removed; the continuous casting production with the narrow range of superheat degree and light pressure of the tundish is adopted, and the product quality is greatly improved. The high-efficiency and low-cost production of the bearing steel is realized, and meanwhile, the rating of the non-metallic inclusion of the finished product is ensured to meet the standard requirement.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific embodiments.
The smelting method of the low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.95-1.0%, Si: 0.20 to 0.30%, Mn: 0.30-0.40%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, P is less than or equal to 0.014%, Cr: 1.40-1.52 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.050 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of As, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.075 percent of As + Sn + Sb, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements. The inclusions in the finished product are rated according to the method A in GB/T10561-: coarse A class is less than or equal to 1.0 grade, and fine A class is less than or equal to 2.0 grade; the fine B class is less than or equal to 2.0, and the coarse B class is less than or equal to 1.0; the inclusion of C-type inclusions is not allowed; coarse D class is less than or equal to 0.5 grade, and fine D class is less than or equal to 1.0 grade; ds class is less than or equal to 1.5 grade; the oxygen content of the finished product is less than or equal to 12 ppm. To achieve this, the method employs the following process:
(1) converter primary smelting process: the composition and temperature of molten iron entering the furnace are required to be less than or equal to 0.140wt% for P, less than or equal to 0.040wt% for S and more than or equal to 1300 ℃; the weight ratio of the molten iron to the scrap steel is 9: 1-8: 2; the content of C at the blowing end point is 0.05-0.15 wt%, and the content of P at the end point is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%; the primary smelting tapping temperature of the converter is 1620-1650 ℃; the tapping time is more than or equal to 4min, a carburant, an aluminum product, high-carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, high-carbon low-titanium ferrochromium and pre-melted refined slag are added in sequence when 1/4 steel is tapped, and the adding amount of the aluminum product is 1.5-2.0 kg/ton; adding 5-6 kg of premelted refined slag per ton of steel after adding the alloy; tapping adopts double slag blocking operation, and the slag dropping amount is less than 5 kg/ton steel; and blowing argon into the ladle 3-4 min before tapping, blowing for 2-4 min after tapping, measuring the temperature, and taking a steel sample.
(2) An LF refining procedure: the total refining time is 40-55 min, the opening of a flue gas extraction valve is adjusted after a steel ladle enters a designated station, and the micro-positive pressure of the atmosphere in the furnace is ensured; the slag is timely mixed in the refining process, the appearance of the slag sample is gray, the thickness is 1-2mm, and the surface is smooth, so that the refining slag system comprises the following components: less than or equal to 0.8wt% of TFe, 48-53 wt% of CaO, and SiO2 7～12wt%，Al2O325-33 wt%, MgO 5-8 wt%, slag system alkalinity value 4-8, and LF refined molten steel exit temperature 1580-1590 ℃. The method comprises the following specific operation steps:
the first step is as follows: opening bottom blowing argon when the steel ladle reaches a designated station, adjusting the bottom blowing flow of the steel ladle to ensure that the exposed diameter (hereinafter referred to as the argon hole diameter) of molten steel at an argon blowing part is 500-600 mm, measuring the temperature of the molten steel, and adjusting the Al content in the molten steel to be 0.04-0.06 wt% according to the aluminum content of the converter during the station leaving process;
the second step is that: first power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow of the steel ladle to enable the diameter of an argon hole to be 300-400 mm; heating the molten steel by a descending electrode for 12-15 min to raise the temperature of the molten steel to 1530-1550 ℃; adding 1000-1200 kg lime and 50-100 kg fluorite into the furnace; after power transmission is finished, argon is blown for 1-2 min, a slag sample is dipped, and a molten steel sample is taken; and measuring the temperature of the molten steel; properly feeding an aluminum wire to ensure that the Al content in the molten steel is 0.040-0.060 wt%;
the third step: second power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow rate to keep the diameter of an argon eye to be 300-400 mm, and heating for 6-10 min to enable the temperature of the molten steel to rise to 1550-1565 ℃. Adding lime and fluorite according to the condition of white slag and the temperature rise time; according to the components of the steel sample, alloy is supplemented according to the out-station component target requirement; lifting an electrode, adjusting bottom blowing flow to ensure that the diameter of an argon eye is 600-800 mm, dipping a slag sample, observing the effect of white slag, measuring the temperature of molten steel and sampling;
the fourth step: third power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow rate to keep the diameter of an argon eye to be 300-400 mm, and heating for 3-8 min to enable the temperature of the molten steel to rise to 1580-1590 ℃. During the period, according to the slag condition and the temperature rise time, adding lime to ensure the effect of white slag; and fine-tuning the components according to the component analysis result. Lifting an electrode, dipping a slag sample, observing the effect of white slag, measuring the temperature of molten steel and sampling;
the fifth step: and adjusting the temperature of the molten steel to the outlet temperature, adjusting the bottom blowing flow to the static blowing flow, and waiting for the molten steel to be discharged.
(3) RH vacuum refining process: the molten steel reaches a designated station, the temperature of the molten steel is measured, sampling is carried out to confirm chemical components, if the components need to be finely adjusted, the RH treatment is carried out at the early stage, the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 100Pa, and the refining time is 20-30 min; and standing the molten steel for 20-25 min after the air is broken, wherein the temperature of the molten steel before the molten steel is taken out of the station is 1510-1530 ℃, and the molten steel is uniformly blown for 2-3 min by a small-gas-volume black surface.
(4) And (3) continuous casting process: the whole process is protected and poured, and the long ladle nozzle is protected by argon seal; an integral tundish is adopted; the vibration of the crystallizer adopts a non-sinusoidal mode; selecting the bearing steel crystallizer casting powder; the secondary cooling area adopts a weak cooling mode; the temperature of the tundish molten steel is 1475-1485 ℃, the continuous casting speed is 0.60-0.75 m/min, the tail end of a casting blank liquid core is lightly reduced, and the reduction is 6-10 mm; the pouring time of steel in each furnace is 50-60 min.
Examples 1 to 10: the specific process of the smelting method of the low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel is as follows.
(1) The production process flow comprises: converter primary smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum refining and rectangular billet continuous casting. The equipment process parameters are as follows: 120t converter, 120t LF arc furnace, 120tRH vacuum furnace, 5 machine 5 flow rectangular billet (280 mm 380 mm) conticaster.
(2) The process parameters of the converter primary smelting process in each example are shown in Table 1; the technological parameters of the LF refining procedure are shown in tables 2 and 3; the technological parameters of the RH vacuum refining and continuous casting procedures are shown in Table 4; the chemical compositions and contents of the high-carbon chromium bearing steel are shown in tables 5 and 6; the continuously cast slabs were rolled into hot rolled disc strips, the specifications, non-metallic inclusions and oxygen content of which are shown in Table 7.
TABLE 1 Process parameters of converter Primary smelting procedure
TABLE 2 Process parameters of LF refining procedure
TABLE 3 LF refining slag System Components and basicity values
Table 3, the balance of impurities in the LF refining slag system components.
TABLE 4 Process parameters for RH vacuum refining and continuous casting procedure
TABLE 5 chemical composition and content (unit: wt%) of high-carbon chromium bearing steel
TABLE 6 residual element content (unit: wt%) in high-carbon chromium bearing steel
TABLE 7 specification of hot rolled disk strip, non-metallic inclusions and oxygen content
Claims (9)
1. A smelting method of low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel is characterized by comprising the working procedures of converter primary smelting, LF refining, RH vacuum refining and continuous casting; the process of each procedure is as follows:
(1) converter primary smelting process: the content of C at the blowing end point is 0.05-0.15 wt%, and the content of P at the end point is less than or equal to 0.015 wt%; the primary smelting tapping temperature of the converter is 1620-1650 ℃;
(2) an LF refining procedure: the total refining time is 40-55 min, the alkalinity value of a refining slag system is 4-8, and the specific operation steps are as follows:
the first step is as follows: when the steel ladle reaches a designated station, opening bottom blowing argon, and adjusting the bottom blowing flow of the steel ladle to ensure that molten steel at an argon blowing part is exposed, namely the diameter of an argon hole is 500-600 mm, and the Al content in the molten steel is adjusted to be 0.04-0.06 wt%;
the second step is that: first power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow of the steel ladle to enable the diameter of an argon hole to be 300-400 mm; heating the molten steel by a descending electrode for 12-15 min to raise the temperature of the molten steel to 1530-1550 ℃; adding lime and fluorite; after power transmission is finished, argon is blown for 1-2 min, and an aluminum wire is fed to ensure that the Al content in molten steel is 0.040-0.060 wt%;
the third step: second power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow rate to keep the diameter of an argon eye to be 300-400 mm, and heating for 6-10 min to enable the temperature of the molten steel to rise to 1550-1565 ℃; lifting an electrode, and adjusting bottom blowing flow to ensure that the diameter of an argon eye is 600-800 mm;
the fourth step: third power transmission: adjusting the bottom blowing flow rate to keep the diameter of an argon eye to be 300-400 mm, heating for 3-8 min, and heating the molten steel to 1580-1590 ℃;
the fifth step: adjusting the temperature of the molten steel to 1580-1590 ℃ of the outlet temperature, adjusting the bottom blowing flow to the static blowing flow, and waiting for the molten steel to be discharged;
(3) RH vacuum refining process: the vacuum degree is less than or equal to 100Pa, and the refining time is 20-30 min;
(4) and (3) continuous casting process: the temperature of the tundish molten steel is 1475-1485 ℃, the continuous casting speed is 0.60-0.75 m/min, and the soft reduction is applied to the tail end of the casting blank liquid core, wherein the reduction is 6-10 mm.
2. The method for smelting low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the converter primary smelting process, the composition and temperature of molten iron entering the converter are required to be less than or equal to 0.140wt%, S is less than or equal to 0.040wt%, and T is greater than or equal to 1300 ℃; the weight ratio of the molten iron to the scrap steel is 9: 1-8: 2.
3. The method for smelting low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the converter primary smelting process, the tapping time is more than or equal to 4min, high-carbon ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, high-carbon low-titanium ferrochromium and aluminum products are added during tapping, and the adding amount of the aluminum products is 1.5-2.0 kg/ton; adding 5-6 kg of premelted refined slag per ton of steel after adding the alloy; tapping adopts double slag blocking operation, and the slag dropping amount is less than 5 kg/ton steel; and blowing argon into the ladle 3-4 min before tapping, blowing for 2-4 min after tapping, measuring the temperature, and taking a steel sample.
4. The method for smelting low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the LF refining process, the refining slag system comprises the following components: less than or equal to 0.8wt% of TFe, 48-53 wt% of CaO, and SiO2 7～12wt%，Al2O3 25～33wt%，MgO 5～8wt%。
5. The method for smelting low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the LF refining process, 7.0-10 kg of lime and 0.4-0.8 kg of fluorite are added per ton of steel in the first power transmission process.
6. The smelting method of low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 5, wherein in the RH vacuum refining process, the molten steel is kept still for 20-25 min after being broken empty, the temperature of the molten steel before being taken out of the station is 1510-1530 ℃, and static blowing is carried out for 2-3 min.
7. The method for smelting the low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 6, wherein the continuous casting process comprises whole-course protective casting, and a ladle long nozzle is protected by argon sealing; an integral tundish is adopted; the vibration of the crystallizer adopts a non-sinusoidal mode; selecting the bearing steel crystallizer casting powder; the secondary cooling area adopts a weak cooling mode.
8. The method for smelting low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the casting time per furnace is 50-60 min in the continuous casting process.
9. The smelting method of the low-cost high-carbon chromium bearing steel according to claim 8, wherein the high-carbon chromium bearing steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 0.95-1.0%, Si: 0.20 to 0.30%, Mn: 0.30-0.40%, S is less than or equal to 0.005%, P is less than or equal to 0.014%, Cr: 1.40-1.52 percent of Al, less than or equal to 0.050 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.0030 percent of Ca, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Mo, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Ni, less than or equal to 0.04 percent of As, less than or equal to 0.002 percent of Pb, less than or equal to 0.075 percent of As + Sn + Sb, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements.
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| CN113215361A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-08-06 | 内蒙古科技大学 | Refining slag for regulating alkalinity and controlling yield of titanium-containing low alloy steel and use method thereof |
| CN113528752A (en) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-10-22 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | Smelting process of steel for carburizing bearing |
| CN115011871A (en) * | 2022-05-06 | 2022-09-06 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Preparation method of Cu-containing ultralow-titanium bearing steel |
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| CN115537637B (en) * | 2022-08-29 | 2023-11-10 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Smelting method of aluminum-free deoxidized high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
| CN115466906A (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2022-12-13 | 中天钢铁集团有限公司 | Low-slag-content bearing steel smelting process |
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| CN115637306A (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2023-01-24 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Control method of B-type inclusions in high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
| CN115637306B (en) * | 2022-09-15 | 2024-04-05 | 邯郸钢铁集团有限责任公司 | Control method for B-type inclusion in high-carbon chromium bearing steel |
| CN116790960A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-22 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Bearing steel smelting method based on ecological electric furnace |
| CN116790961A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-22 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Method for smelting bearing steel by adopting full scrap steel based on ecological electric furnace |
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