CN112662476A - Extraction method of rose essential oil with high oil yield - Google Patents
Extraction method of rose essential oil with high oil yield Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting rose essential oil with high oil yield, which comprises the following steps: (1) picking rose flowers which are half-cup-shaped and have yellow pistils when the temperature is 5-23 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 55% -70% in the early morning, and selecting full rose petals which are not extruded; (2) putting rose petals and water into a distillation kettle, firstly heating the temperature in the distillation kettle to 70-80 ℃ by using indirect steam, introducing direct steam, and heating to boil, wherein the internal pressure of a distillation device is 0.07-0.09 MPa; (3) and (3) sequentially feeding the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol generated by distillation and the distillation residue into a condenser and an oil-water separator for condensation and oil-water separation to obtain the rose-water-based fuel. The rose essential oil prepared by the method has high oil yield and low water content, improves the purity of the rose essential oil and is beneficial to preservation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of plant essential oil extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting rose essential oil with high oil yield.
Background
Rose (the scientific name: Rosa rugosa) is a plant of the genus Rosa of the family Rosaceae, and is a generic name of a series of large and gorgeous cultivars of Rosa in daily life. Roses are native to north China, Japan and Korea, and are cultivated in various places in China. In ancient Chinese, the term "rose" originally meant red beautiful jade, and for a long time, rose symbolized beauty and love. The roots and stems of the rose are soft, the rose cannot be made into fresh cut flowers, and the rose petals only have three rounds, so the modern Chinese rose with five rounds of petal flowers, which is obtained by crossing the rose and the Chinese rose, is used as the fresh cut flower rose in the market.
The rose is an ideal flower and tree for urban greening and gardens, is suitable for being used as a hedge, is also a material for greening streets and courtyards, flower beds with flower diameters and various gardens, and is used for trimming and modeling receipts, decorating square lawns, embankments and flower ponds and planting flower clusters in a piece. Besides ornamental value, roses have medicinal value: the roses in the flowering period can secrete phytoncide, kill a large amount of pathogenic bacteria in the air and are beneficial to the health of people; the rose contains more than 300 chemical components, such as aromatic alcohol, aldehyde, fatty acid, phenol and oil and fat containing essence, and the rose product is usually eaten to soften liver and wake stomach, relax qi and activate blood, maintain beauty and keep young and refresh people. The flowers and roots of the rose can be used as medicine, has the functions of regulating qi, promoting blood circulation, astringing and the like, and is mainly used for treating irregular menstruation, traumatic injury, liver qi and stomach pain, breast swelling and pain and other symptoms. The fruit pulp of rose fruit can be made into jam, and has special flavor, and the fruit contains abundant vitamin C and vitamin P, and can be used for preventing acute and chronic infectious diseases, coronary heart disease, liver disease and carcinogen. The rose essential oil extracted from rose petal by distillation has effects of diminishing inflammation, killing bacteria, preventing infectious diseases, inflammation, spasm, promoting cell metabolism and cell regeneration, improving skin texture, promoting blood circulation, and promoting hormone secretion.
The existing distillation method is used for extracting the rose essential oil, the mixture of fresh rose flowers and water is directly heated by high-temperature steam, so that the rose essential oil volatilizes from the mixture of the fresh rose flowers and the water, the rose essential oil slightly has burnt smell, the oil yield is low, and the quality of the essential oil is greatly reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an extraction method of rose essential oil with high oil yield, which can reduce the loss of roses and obtain the rose essential oil with high oil yield, low water content and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for extracting rose essential oil with high oil yield comprises the following steps:
(1) picking rose flowers which are half-cup-shaped and have yellow pistils when the temperature is 5-23 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 55% -70% in the early morning, and selecting full rose petals which are not extruded;
(2) putting rose petals and water into a distillation kettle, firstly heating the temperature in the distillation kettle to 70-80 ℃ by using indirect steam, introducing direct steam, and heating to boil, wherein the internal pressure of a distillation device is 0.07-0.09 MPa;
(3) introducing the mixture of rose oil and rose hydrosol and distillation residue into condenser and oil-water separator for condensation and oil-water separation.
The inventor finds that the picking time of the rose is greatly related to the content of the rose essential oil, the oil content of the rose is the highest when the temperature is 5-23 ℃ and the relative humidity of air is 55-70% in the early morning of 5-7, the inventor also finds that the oil content of the rose is different when the flower is opened to half-cup shape and the pistil is yellow, and the oil content of the rose is the highest when the flower is opened to half-cup shape and the pistil is yellow; and after the roses are picked, containers with good ventilation, such as flower baskets and sacks, are used in the transportation process, the roses cannot be extruded, and the loss of oil content due to heat is avoided.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), the volume ratio of the rose petals to the distillation kettle is 1: 1.2-1.7; preferably 1: 1.5.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in the step (2), the rose petals: the mass ratio of the water is 1: 3-6, and preferably 1: 4.
In the specific implementation mode of the invention, the temperature rising speed of the indirect steam is 2.5-5 ℃/min.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the time from the beginning of heating to the boiling of the liquid in the distillation kettle is 30-40 min.
The inventor finds in tests that the existing distillation method extracts rose essential oil, the mixture of fresh rose flowers and water is directly heated by high-temperature steam to volatilize the rose essential oil from the mixture of the fresh rose flowers and the water, the prepared rose essential oil slightly has burnt smell and low oil yield, and the quality of the essential oil is greatly reduced.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the distillation is continued for 3-4 h, preferably 3-3.5 h after the heating to boiling.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the condensation temperature is 15-40 ℃, and preferably 20-25 ℃;
the temperature of the oil-water separation is 10-30 ℃, and preferably 10-20 ℃.
In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the extraction method further comprises: continuously feeding the obtained mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol into a distillation still for distillation according to the mode of the step (2);
further, the ratio of water in the distillation kettle: the mass ratio of the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol is 0.3-0.4: 1.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises the step of storing the rose essential oil in a glass bottle after the oil-water separation;
further, the glass bottle is a brown glass bottle.
The rose essential oil is a mixture of organic matters such as polyol, polyhydrocarbon, polyene and the like, is easily oxidized when exposed to light and affects the quality of aroma, and can be prevented from being oxidized by being bottled with brown glass so as to improve the quality.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, the distillation kettle, the condenser and the oil-water separator are made of red copper; the rose essential oil produced by using a red copper instrument has aromatic flavor, can better solve the peculiar smells of hot smell, rust smell and the like generated in the traditional rose essential oil extraction process, and has higher essential oil quality.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the rose essential oil prepared by the method has aromatic flavor, the oil yield is 0.29-0.35 per mill, the oil yield is high, the preservation is facilitated, and the rose essential oil has few impurities and good quality.
(2) The method is convenient and quick, has low production cost, good application value and wide development prospect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Picking rose flowers which are half-cup-shaped and have yellow pistils when the temperature is 5-7 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 55% in the early morning, and selecting plump rose petals.
(2) The flower basket with good ventilation is used for the picked roses in the transportation process, the roses are not required to be extruded, the heat loss of oil of roses and peanuts is avoided, and the transportation process is less than 2 hours; the processed rose can be temporarily stored, the rose is spread into a thin layer, laid on the ground, frequently turned over, and stored after being dried for later use.
(3) Putting rose petals into a distillation kettle, wherein the barrel body of the distillation kettle is made of red copper, the volume ratio of the flower amount to the volume of the distillation kettle is 2:3, firstly using indirect steam, heating the temperature in the distillation kettle to 70 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 2.5 ℃/min, then introducing direct steam to heat the distillation kettle to boil, the time from the beginning of heating to the boiling of liquid in the distillation kettle is 30min, continuing to distill for 3h after the liquid is boiled, and the internal pressure of a distillation device is 0.07MPa in the distillation process.
(4) And putting the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol generated by distillation and the distillation residue into a distillation still for secondary distillation, wherein the mass ratio of the added water to the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol is 0.3: 1, the distillation conditions are the same as those in the step (3).
(5) Introducing the mixture of rose oil and rose hydrosol and distillation residue generated by distillation into a vertical condenser made of red copper plate for condensation at 15 deg.C, and performing oil-water separation in an oil-water separator made of red copper plate at 10 deg.C to obtain rose essential oil.
(6) The prepared rose essential oil was stored in a brown glass bottle, sealed, and placed in the dark.
Example 2
(1) Picking rose flowers which are half-cup-shaped and have yellow pistils when the temperature is 23 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 70% in the early morning 5-7, and selecting plump rose petals.
(2) The flower basket with good ventilation is used for the picked roses in the transportation process, the roses are not required to be extruded, the heat loss of oil of roses and peanuts is avoided, and the transportation process is less than 2 hours; the processed rose can be temporarily stored, the rose is spread into a thin layer, laid on the ground, frequently turned over, and stored after being dried for later use.
(3) Putting rose petals into a distillation kettle, wherein the barrel body of the distillation kettle is made of red copper, the volume ratio of the flower amount to the volume of the distillation kettle is 2:3, firstly using indirect steam, heating the temperature in the distillation kettle to 80 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 5 ℃/min, then introducing direct steam to heat the distillation kettle to boil, the time from the beginning of heating to the boiling of liquid in the distillation kettle is 30min, continuing to distill for 4h after the liquid boils, and the internal pressure of a distillation device is 0.09MPa in the distillation process.
(4) And putting the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol generated by distillation and the distillation residue into a distillation still for secondary distillation, wherein the mass ratio of the added water to the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol is 0.3: 1, the distillation conditions are the same as those in the step (3).
(5) Introducing the mixture of rose oil and rose hydrosol and distillation residue generated by distillation into a vertical condenser made of red copper plate for condensation at 40 deg.C, and performing oil-water separation in an oil-water separator made of red copper plate at 30 deg.C to obtain rose essential oil.
(6) The prepared rose essential oil was stored in a brown glass bottle, sealed, and placed in the dark.
Example 3
(1) In the early morning, when the temperature is 15 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 60%, picking rose flowers which bloom to be half-cup-shaped and have yellow pistils, and selecting plump rose petals.
(2) The flower basket with good ventilation is used for the picked roses in the transportation process, the roses are not required to be extruded, the heat loss of oil of roses and peanuts is avoided, and the transportation process is less than 2 hours; the processed rose can be temporarily stored, the rose is spread into a thin layer, laid on the ground, frequently turned over, and stored after being dried for later use.
(3) Putting rose petals into a distillation kettle, wherein the barrel body of the distillation kettle is made of red copper, the volume ratio of the flower amount to the volume of the distillation kettle is 2:3, firstly using indirect steam, heating the temperature in the distillation kettle to 75 ℃ at the heating rate of 3.5 ℃/min, then introducing direct steam to heat to boil, the time from the beginning of heating to the boiling of liquid in the distillation kettle is 30min, continuing to distill for 3.5h after the liquid is boiled, and the internal pressure of a distillation device is 0.08MPa in the distillation process.
(4) And putting the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol generated by distillation and the distillation residue into a distillation still for secondary distillation, wherein the mass ratio of the added water to the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol is 0.4:1, the distillation conditions are the same as those in the step (3).
(5) Introducing the mixture of rose oil and rose hydrosol and distillation residue generated by distillation into a vertical condenser made of red copper plate for condensation at 25 deg.C, and performing oil-water separation in an oil-water separator made of red copper plate at 20 deg.C to obtain rose essential oil.
(6) The prepared rose essential oil was stored in a brown glass bottle, sealed, and placed in the dark.
The rose essential oil prepared in the embodiments 1 to 3 is rich in compounds such as alcohol, alkene, ester, ketone, aldehyde, ether, alkane, phenols and acids, has strong fragrance, has the natural fragrance of rose, has the oil yield of 0.29-0.35 per mill, is beneficial to preservation, has no impurities such as slag, foam and the like, has good quality, and meets the requirements of international standards.
Comparative example 1
(1) Picking rose flowers which are half-cup-shaped and have yellow pistils when the temperature is 5-7 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 55% in the early morning, and selecting plump rose petals.
(2) The flower basket with good ventilation is used for the picked roses in the transportation process, the roses are not required to be extruded, the heat loss of oil of roses and peanuts is avoided, and the transportation process is less than 2 hours; the processed rose can be temporarily stored, the rose is spread into a thin layer, laid on the ground, frequently turned over, and stored after being dried for later use.
(3) Putting rose petals into a distillation kettle, wherein the barrel body of the distillation kettle is made of iron, the volume ratio of the flower amount to the volume of the distillation kettle is 2:3, introducing direct steam to heat liquid in the distillation kettle to boiling, the time from the beginning of heating to the boiling of the liquid in the distillation kettle is 30min, continuing to distill for 3h after the liquid is boiled, and the internal pressure of a distillation device is 0.07MPa in the distillation process.
(4) And putting the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol generated by distillation and the distillation residue into a distillation still for secondary distillation, wherein the mass ratio of the added water to the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol is 0.3: 1, the distillation conditions are the same as those in the step (3).
(5) Introducing the mixture of rose oil and rose hydrosol and distillation residue generated by distillation into a vertical condenser made of iron for condensation at 15 deg.C, and performing oil-water separation in an oil-water separator made of iron at 10 deg.C to obtain rose essential oil.
(6) The prepared rose essential oil was stored in a brown glass bottle, sealed, and placed in the dark.
The rose essential oil prepared by the comparative example has light fragrance, rust taste, oil yield of 0.20 per mill and more impurities such as slag melting, foam and the like.
Comparative example 2
(1) Picking rose flowers and selecting plump rose petals when the temperature is 5-7 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 55% in the early morning.
(2) The flower basket with good ventilation is used for the picked roses in the transportation process, the roses are not required to be extruded, the heat loss of oil of roses and peanuts is avoided, and the transportation process is less than 2 hours; the processed rose can be temporarily stored, the rose is spread into a thin layer, laid on the ground, frequently turned over, and stored after being dried for later use.
(3) Putting rose petals into a distillation kettle, wherein the barrel body of the distillation kettle is made of red copper, the volume ratio of the flower amount to the volume of the distillation kettle is 2:3, firstly using indirect steam, heating the temperature in the distillation kettle to 70 ℃ at the temperature rising speed of 2.5 ℃/min, then introducing direct steam to heat the distillation kettle to boil, the time from the beginning of heating to the boiling of liquid in the distillation kettle is 30min, continuing to distill for 3h after the liquid is boiled, and the internal pressure of a distillation device is 0.07MPa in the distillation process.
(4) Introducing the mixture of rose oil and rose hydrosol and distillation residue generated by distillation into a vertical condenser made of red copper plate for condensation at 60 deg.C, and performing oil-water separation in an oil-water separator made of red copper plate at 10 deg.C to obtain rose essential oil.
(5) The prepared rose essential oil was stored in a brown glass bottle, sealed, and placed in the dark.
The rose essential oil prepared by the comparative example has the natural fragrance of rose, but has light fragrance, the oil yield is 0.21 per mill, and the rose essential oil contains a little of impurities such as melting slag, spray and the like.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The extraction method of the rose essential oil with high oil yield is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) picking rose flowers which are half-cup-shaped and have yellow pistils when the temperature is 5-23 ℃ and the relative air humidity is 55% -70% in the early morning, and selecting full rose petals which are not extruded;
(2) putting rose petals and water into a distillation kettle, firstly heating the temperature in the distillation kettle to 70-80 ℃ by using indirect steam, introducing direct steam, and heating to boil, wherein the internal pressure of a distillation device is 0.07-0.09 MPa;
(3) introducing the mixture of rose oil and rose hydrosol and distillation residue into condenser and oil-water separator for condensation and oil-water separation.
2. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the volume ratio of the rose petals to the distillation kettle is 1: 1.2-1.7; preferably 1: 1.5.
3. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the ratio of the rose petals: the mass ratio of the water is 1: 3-6, and preferably 1: 4.
4. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature increase rate of the indirect steam is 2.5 to 5 ℃/min.
5. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the time from the start of heating to the boiling of the liquid in the still pot is 30 to 40 min.
6. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the distillation is continued for 3-4 h, preferably 3-3.5 h after heating to boiling.
7. The extraction process according to claim 1, characterized in that the condensation temperature is comprised between 15 and 40 ℃, preferably between 20 and 25 ℃;
the temperature of the oil-water separation is 10-30 ℃, and preferably 10-20 ℃.
8. The extraction method according to claim 1, further comprising: continuously feeding the obtained mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol into a distillation still for distillation according to the mode of the step (2);
further, the ratio of water in the distillation kettle: the mass ratio of the mixture of the rose oil and the rose hydrosol is 0.3-0.4: 1.
9. The extraction method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising the step of storing the rose essential oil in a glass bottle after the oil-water separation;
further, the glass bottle is a brown glass bottle.
10. The extraction method according to claim 1, wherein the distillation still, the condenser and the oil-water separator are made of red copper.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN112662477A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-16 | 小金县夹金山清多香野生资源开发有限责任公司 | Extraction method of rose essential oil and rose hydrosol |
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