CN112660303A - Anchoring device and installation method - Google Patents
Anchoring device and installation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112660303A CN112660303A CN202011637177.4A CN202011637177A CN112660303A CN 112660303 A CN112660303 A CN 112660303A CN 202011637177 A CN202011637177 A CN 202011637177A CN 112660303 A CN112660303 A CN 112660303A
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- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title abstract description 7
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of anchoring, and discloses an anchoring device and an installation method, which can improve the stability of a floating platform and keep each anchor rope in a uniformly stressed state. The invention comprises a floating platform floating on the sea surface, fixed parts, sunk bottoms with the same number as the fixed parts and anchor chains with the same number as the fixed parts; the fixed parts are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the floating platform; the bottom sinking parts are distributed on the seabed in a distribution mode of the fixing parts; the length of each anchor chain is the same, and one end of each anchor chain is connected with the corresponding fixed part, and the other end of each anchor chain is connected with the corresponding sunken bottom. The bottom sinking part and the fixing part are distributed in the same way, so that a symmetrical structure can be formed, each anchor chain can be kept in the same state, uniform stress is realized, the condition of fracture caused by concentrated stress of the single anchor chain is avoided, in addition, the floating range of the floating platform can be reduced by utilizing the symmetrical structure, the conflict with other navigation channels is avoided, and the reliability and the stability are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of anchoring, in particular to an anchoring device and an installation method.
Background
The existing anchoring device is basically pulled by one anchor chain in the floating or seawater rising process, so that the corresponding anchor rope or anchor chain needs to bear large tension force suddenly and often, the situation of anchor chain fracture is easy to occur in the long-term past, or the situation that a floating platform is easy to float up and down along with sea waves or automatically is caused, and the stability of the floating platform in seawater is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides an anchoring device which can improve the stability of a floating platform and keep each anchor rope in a uniformly stressed state.
The invention also provides an installation method of the anchoring device.
In a first aspect, the anchoring device according to the embodiment of the invention comprises a floating platform, at least two fixing parts, sunk bottoms with the same number as the fixing parts and anchor chains with the same number as the fixing parts; the at least two fixed parts are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the floating platform; the sinking parts are distributed on the seabed in a distribution mode of the fixing parts; the length of each anchor chain is the same, one end of each anchor chain is connected with the corresponding fixing part, and the other end of each anchor chain is connected with the corresponding sinking bottom; a connecting point between the anchor chain and the fixing part is a node A, a connecting point between the anchor chain and the bottom sinking part is a node B, and a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes A on any two anchor chains is equal to and parallel to a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes B; wherein the length L of the anchor chain is L ═ L1+L2+L3，L1Is sea depth, L2Tidal range and L3The allowed offset distance is reserved.
The anchoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects: the bottom sinking portion and the fixing portion are made to be in the same distribution mode, symmetrical structures can be formed, each anchor chain can be kept in the same state, uniform stress is achieved, the situation that stress is concentrated due to the independent anchor chains to cause fracture is avoided, in addition, the floating range of the floating platform can be reduced by the aid of the symmetrical structures, conflict with other navigation channels is avoided, and reliability and stability are improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, (L)1+L2)/cos30°-(L1+L2)≤L3≤(L1+L2)/cos48° -(L1+L2)。
According to some embodiments of the invention, the anchor chain comprises a first connecting portion and a second connecting portion, a first end of the first connecting portion being connected with the corresponding anchoring portion; the first end of the second connecting part is connected with the second end of the first connecting part, and the second end of the second connecting part is connected with the corresponding sinking bottom part.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first connecting portion and the second connecting portion are respectively any one of a steel chain or a polymer material.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a buffer portion is connected between the first connection portion and the second connection portion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the buffer is a bungee cord or a spring chain.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a limiting chain is sleeved in the buffering portion, the length of the limiting chain is smaller than the maximum deformation length of the buffering portion, the first end of the buffering portion and the first end of the limiting chain are both connected with the second end of the first connecting portion, and the second end of the buffering portion and the second end of the limiting chain are connected with the first end of the second connecting portion.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a buoyancy section is connected between the first connection section and the second connection section.
According to some embodiments of the invention, a buoyancy section and a cushioning section are connected between the first connection section and the second connection section.
In a second aspect, a method of installing a mooring device according to an embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of: at least two fixing parts are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the floating platform; arranging the same number of sunk bottoms on the seabed according to the distribution mode of the fixing parts; two ends of at least two anchor chains with the same length are respectively connected with the corresponding fixing part and the corresponding sinking bottom part; the connecting point between the anchor chain and the fixing part is a node A, the connecting point between the anchor chain and the bottom sinking part is a node B, and a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes A on any two anchor chains and a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes BThe line segments are equal and parallel; wherein the length L of the anchor chain is L ═ L1+L2+L3，L1Is sea depth, L2Tidal range and L3The allowed offset distance is reserved.
The installation method provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: the bottom sinking portion and the fixing portion are made to be in the same distribution mode, symmetrical structures can be formed, each anchor chain can be kept in the same state, uniform stress is achieved, the situation that stress is concentrated due to the independent anchor chains to cause fracture is avoided, in addition, the floating range of the floating platform can be reduced by the aid of the symmetrical structures, conflict with other navigation channels is avoided, and reliability and stability are improved.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an anchoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mooring arrangement shown in FIG. 1 in a calm sea state;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the mooring arrangement shown in FIG. 1 in a sea surface with wind and waves;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the mooring arrangement shown in FIG. 1 in a state of maximum sea surface waves;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a mooring device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals: floating platform 100, fixed part 200, sunken bottom part 300, anchor chain 400, first connecting part 410, second connecting part 420, buffer part 500, buoyancy part 600 and connecting cable 700.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, the meaning of a plurality of means is one or more, the meaning of a plurality of means is two or more, and larger, smaller, larger, etc. are understood as excluding the number, and larger, smaller, inner, etc. are understood as including the number. If the first and second are described for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, they are not to be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.
Referring to fig. 1, the mooring apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention includes a floating platform 100 floating on the sea surface, at least two anchors 200, a number of sunken bottoms 300 equal to the number of anchors 200, and a number of anchor chains 400 equal to the number of anchors 200; at least two fixing parts 200 are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the floating platform 100; the sinker parts 300 are distributed on the seabed in the distribution manner of the fixing parts 200; each of the anchor chains 400 has the same length, one end of the anchor chain 400 is connected to the corresponding fixing part 200, and the other end of the anchor chain 400 is connected to the corresponding sinker 300.
It is conceivable that the number of the anchors 200 may be two, three, four, or five or more, and all the anchors 200 are distributed in the bottom of the floating platform 100 in a uniform manner, while the number of the anchor chains 400 and the number of the sunken bottoms 300 are the same as the number of the anchors 200, and the sunken bottoms 300 are distributed in the same manner as the anchors 200, i.e., the positions of the respective sunken bottoms 300 are formed in the same pattern and size as the positions of the respective anchors 200. So that any two anchor chains 400 are parallel and equal in length when straightened.
Where the bottom-sinking portion 300 may be a bottom-sinking weight or an anchor pile, in combination with the seabed, a suitable component may be selected as the bottom-sinking portion 300.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a connection point between the anchor chain 400 and the anchor portion 200 is a node a, a connection point between the anchor chain 400 and the bottom 300 is a node B, and a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes a and a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes B on any two anchor chains 400 are equal and parallel. By adopting the vertically symmetrical distribution mode, two corresponding anchor chains 400 can be in a parallel state, and any two anchor chains 400 are in the same state, so that the anchor chains 400 in the straightening state are kept in the same stress state, the whole body reaches a balanced state, and the situation that one of the anchor chains 400 is broken due to overlarge stress is avoided.
In some embodiments of the invention, the length L-L of the anchor chain 4001+L2+L3Wherein L is1Is sea depth, L2Tidal range and L3The allowed offset distance is reserved. The sea depth and the tidal range can be determined according to the perennial condition of the specific sea area, the reserved allowable offset distance can be determined according to the length of the anchor chain 400 when being completely straightened in severe weather, such as typhoon weather, the allowable offset distance is increased, when the sea level height changes, the horizontal line position on the floating platform 100 can be kept unchanged, the parts on the floating platform 100 invaded by seawater can be reduced, and the reliability, the safety and the stability are improved. Meanwhile, under the free heave condition, under the very special surge and ocean current condition, the platform rotates, and further the anchor chain 400 may be twisted, so that the combined sea depth L1Tidal range L2And reserving an allowable offset distance L3Can prevent anchor chain400, a twist occurs, improving reliability. Specifically, in the present embodiment, the length (L) of the allowable offset distance is reserved1+L2)/cos30° -(L1+L2)≤L3≤(L1+L2)/cos48°-(L1+L2)。
In some embodiments of the present invention, the anchor chain 400 includes a first connection portion 410 and a second connection portion 420, a first end of the first connection portion 410 being connected with the corresponding fixing portion 200; a first end of the second connection part 420 is connected with a second end of the first connection part 410, and a second end of the second connection part 420 is connected with the corresponding sunk bottom part 300.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the first connection portion 410 and the second connection portion 420 are respectively any one of a steel chain or a polymer material. The polymer material may be any one of plastic, fiber, and rubber.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a buffer portion 500 is connected between the first connection portion 410 and the second connection portion 420. By adopting the buffering part 500, the compression resistance of the anchor chain 400 can be further improved, a certain buffering distance is provided, and then the impact of the sudden concentrated stress on the anchor chain 400 can be relieved, and the service life and the stability of the anchor chain 400 can be further improved.
In some embodiments of the invention, the buffer 500 is a bungee cord or a spring chain. In combination with the wave conditions in the sea area where the floating platform 100 is located, a suitable material may be selected as the cushioning portion 500. Because the waves are periodic, for example, the ocean wave period in our country is generally 4-9 seconds, the buffer part 500 has the characteristics of stretching and rebounding, the rebounding speed is far lower than the wave period, the moving speed and the instant impact force are reduced when the platform moves upwards in the wave crest period, and the platform is pulled back to the bottom 300 to move vertically when the platform moves downwards in the wave trough period, so that the platform is ready to meet the next wave period and cycle. Meanwhile, the buffering and restoring forces provided by the buffering part 500 delay the straightening stress time and the straightening distance of the anchor chain 400, and can relieve the impact of sudden concentrated stress on the anchor chain 400, thereby improving the service life and stability of the anchor chain 400. The above effects ultimately reduce and dissipate the forces acting on the sinker bottom 300, improving the anchoring force and the service life of the mooring system.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a stopper chain is sleeved in the cushioning portion 500, the length of the stopper chain is less than the maximum deformation length of the cushioning portion 500, the first end of the cushioning portion 500 and the first end of the stopper chain are both connected to the second end of the first connecting portion 410, and the second end of the cushioning portion 500 and the second end of the stopper chain are connected to the first end of the second connecting portion 420. Increase spacing chain, can prevent that buffer portion 500 from being in under the state of maximum deformation, and then can avoid buffer portion 500 the cracked condition can appear, further improved reliability and stability.
It is contemplated that the spacing chain may be any one of a steel chain or a polymer material, wherein the polymer material may be any one of plastic, fiber, or rubber.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a buoyancy part 600 is connected between the first connection part 410 and the second connection part 420. Increase buoyancy portion 600, can make second connecting portion 420 remain taut state throughout, and then can further restrict the floating scope of floating platform 100, simultaneously, can in time when proruption wave or trend appear, can in time restrict the showy of floating platform 100, acceleration when floating of floating platform 100 is too high, and then can be too big to the instantaneous effort of anchor chain 400, adopt buoyancy portion 600, then can restrict the effort between floating platform 100 and anchor chain 400, so that the stability of floating platform 100 can improve. Here, the buoyancy 600 may be a float or a buoyancy structure, and a suitable structure may be selected as the buoyancy 600 according to specific circumstances.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a buoyancy part 600 and a buffer part 500 are connected between the first connection part 410 and the second connection part 420.
In some embodiments of the present invention, a buoyancy part 600 and a buffering part 500 are connected between the first connection part 410 and the second connection part 420, and a stopper chain is sleeved in the buffering part 500.
Referring to fig. 2, when the sea surface is calm, the second connection portion 420 is in a state of being straightened all the time due to the buoyancy 600, and the first connection portion 410 is in a state of being loosened because the length of the anchor chain 400 is a distance greater than the sea depth; referring to fig. 3, when there is a wave on the sea surface, the floating platform 100 will drift towards the direction of the wave, so that the floating platform 100 will pull the anchor chain 400 to drift along with the drift, and since the anchor chain 400 is already related to the reserved allowable offset distance, the floating platform 100 can float in a certain range when there is a wave; referring to fig. 4, at this time, the sea surface is in a state when the wind and the waves are the largest, and the stopper chains of the first connecting portion 410, the second connecting portion 420 and the buffering portion 500 are all straightened.
Referring to fig. 5, in some embodiments of the present invention, each of the anchor chains 400 are connected to each other by a connecting cable 700, and all the connecting cables 700 are located at the same level, and the use of the connecting cables 700 can restrict all the anchor chains 400 to further keep the anchor chains 400 in a balanced state, thereby further restricting the floating of the floating platform 100 to further improve stability.
It should be noted that the pattern formed between the maximum size surrounded by the connection points between the anchor chain 400 and the connecting cable 700 and the fixing portion 200 is congruent.
In a second aspect, a method of installing a mooring device according to an embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of:
step S100: at least two fixing parts 200 are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the floating platform 100;
step S200: the same number of the sunk bottoms 300 are arranged on the seabed according to the distribution mode of the fixing parts 200;
step S300: connecting the two ends of at least two anchor chains 400 with the same length with the corresponding fixing part 200 and the corresponding sinking part 300 respectively; a connection point between the anchor chain 400 and the fixing part 200 is a node a, and a connection point between the anchor chain 400 and the bottom sinker 300 is a node B, so that a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes a on any two anchor chains 400 and a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes B are equal and parallel; wherein the length L of the anchor chain 400 is L1+L2+L3，L1Is sea depth, L2Tidal range and L3The allowed offset distance is reserved.
According to the anchoring device provided by the embodiment of the invention, at least the following effects can be achieved, the sunk bottom part 300 and the fixed part 200 are in the same distribution mode, a symmetrical structure can be formed, each anchor chain 400 can be kept in the same state, uniform stress is realized, the situation that the single anchor chain 400 is broken due to centralized stress is avoided, in addition, the floating range of the floating platform 100 can be reduced by using the symmetrical structure, the conflict with other channels is avoided, meanwhile, the allowable offset distance is increased, when the sea level height is changed, the position of the horizontal line on the floating platform 100 can be kept unchanged, the parts on the floating platform 100 invaded by seawater are reduced, and the reliability, the safety and the stability are improved. At present, in a conventional anchoring system, under the action of wind waves, only one anchoring point of the conventional anchoring system is stressed, other anchor chains are in a loose state, in order to increase anchoring force and buffer of the anchor chains, the conventional anchor chain structure is configured to have the length which is at least 2.5 times of the water depth, and one section of the conventional anchor chain structure is used as a ground chain to rub against the sea bottom to increase the anchoring force, so that the cost is obviously increased, and the ground chain part is easy to wear. The mode of arranging the anchor chain 400 of the invention overcomes the defects, and the anchor chain 400 simultaneously exerts force when wind and waves come, and is assisted by the buffer part 500, so that the anchoring force of the whole anchor chain 400 is larger, the cost is lower, and the system is safer under the same conditions.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A mooring device, comprising:
a floating platform (100);
at least two fixing parts (200) uniformly distributed at the bottom of the floating platform (100);
the number of the sunk bottoms (300) is the same as that of the fixing parts (200), and the sunk bottoms are distributed on the seabed in a distribution mode of the fixing parts (200);
the number of the anchor chains (400) is the same as that of the fixing parts (200), the length of each anchor chain (400) is the same, one end of each anchor chain (400) is connected with the corresponding fixing part (200), the other end of each anchor chain (400) is connected with the corresponding sunken bottom (300), a connection point between each anchor chain (400) and the corresponding fixing part (200) is a node A, a connection point between each anchor chain (400) and the corresponding sunken bottom (300) is a node B, and line segments formed by connecting two corresponding nodes A on any two anchor chains (400) and line segments formed by connecting two corresponding nodes B are equal and parallel;
wherein the length L of the anchor chain (400) is L ═ L1+L2+L3，L1Is sea depth, L2Tidal range and L3The allowed offset distance is reserved.
2. A mooring device as defined in claim 1, wherein: (L)1+L2)/cos30°-(L1+L2)≤L3≤(L1+L2)/cos48°-(L1+L2)。
3. A mooring device according to claim 1, wherein the chain (400) comprises:
a first connecting portion (410), a first end of the first connecting portion (410) being connected to the corresponding fixing portion (200);
a second connection part (420), a first end of the second connection part (420) being connected with a second end of the first connection part (410), a second end of the second connection part (420) being connected with the corresponding bottom sinking part (300).
4. A mooring device as defined in claim 3, wherein: the first connecting part (410) and the second connecting part (420) are made of any one of a steel chain or a high polymer material.
5. A mooring device as defined in claim 3 or 4, wherein: a buffer part (500) is connected between the first connecting part (410) and the second connecting part (420).
6. A mooring device as defined in claim 5, wherein: the buffer part (500) is an elastic rope or a spring chain.
7. A mooring device as defined in claim 6, wherein: buffer portion (500) endotheca is equipped with the spacing chain, the length of spacing chain is less than the maximum deformation length of buffer portion (500), the first end of buffer portion (500) with the first end of spacing chain all with the second end of first connecting portion (410) is connected, the second end of buffer portion (500) with the second end of spacing chain with the first end of second connecting portion (420) is connected.
8. A mooring device as defined in claim 3 or 4, wherein: a buoyancy part (600) is connected between the first connection part (410) and the second connection part (420).
9. A mooring device as defined in claim 3 or 4, wherein: a buoyancy part (600) and a buffer part (500) are connected between the first connecting part (410) and the second connecting part (420).
10. A method of installing a mooring device, comprising the steps of:
at least two fixing parts (200) are uniformly arranged at the bottom of the floating platform (100);
arranging the same number of sunk bottoms (300) on the seabed according to the distribution mode of the fixing parts (200);
connecting the corresponding fixing part (200) and the corresponding sinking part (300) by two ends of at least two anchor chains (400) with the same length;
a connecting point between the anchor chain (400) and the fixing part (200) is a node A, a connecting point between the anchor chain (400) and the bottom sinking part (300) is a node B, and a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes A on any two anchor chains (400) and a line segment formed by connecting two corresponding nodes B are equal and parallel;
wherein the length L of the anchor chain (400) is L ═ L1+L2+L3，L1Is sea depth, L2Tidal range and L3The allowed offset distance is reserved.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113581371A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-02 | 中国海洋大学 | Tide level self-adaptive device based on tensioning type anchoring and anchoring system with same |
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| CN206728907U (en) * | 2017-03-22 | 2017-12-12 | 湖北海洋工程装备研究院有限公司 | A kind of aquaculture net cage |
| CN210503079U (en) * | 2019-08-16 | 2020-05-12 | 福建省华方建设发展有限公司 | Anchor system structure convenient for recovering large buoy |
| CN111169601A (en) * | 2020-03-04 | 2020-05-19 | 黄芳 | Stable offshore floating platform |
| CN112032002A (en) * | 2020-08-03 | 2020-12-04 | 广东工业大学 | Offshore wind power generation system and adjusting method |
| CN214566002U (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-11-02 | 珠海天岳科技股份有限公司 | Mooring system |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113581371A (en) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-02 | 中国海洋大学 | Tide level self-adaptive device based on tensioning type anchoring and anchoring system with same |
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