CN112657383A - Mixing apparatus is used in stem cell medicine production - Google Patents

Mixing apparatus is used in stem cell medicine production Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN112657383A
CN112657383A CN202110278451.1A CN202110278451A CN112657383A CN 112657383 A CN112657383 A CN 112657383A CN 202110278451 A CN202110278451 A CN 202110278451A CN 112657383 A CN112657383 A CN 112657383A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
plate
mixing
rotating
fixing plate
belt wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN202110278451.1A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN112657383B (en
Inventor
邓卓豪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shanghai Wuxin Medical Technology Group Co ltd
Original Assignee
Cytate Biomedical(guangzhou) Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cytate Biomedical(guangzhou) Technologies Inc filed Critical Cytate Biomedical(guangzhou) Technologies Inc
Priority to CN202110278451.1A priority Critical patent/CN112657383B/en
Publication of CN112657383A publication Critical patent/CN112657383A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN112657383B publication Critical patent/CN112657383B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of drug production, and discloses mixing equipment for stem cell drug production, which comprises a mixing tank, wherein a second fixing plate is arranged at the upper part of the mixing tank, the middle part of the second fixing plate is rotatably connected with the upper part of a stirring shaft, a stirring rod is arranged at the lower part of the stirring shaft, a fixing seat is arranged at the left side of the mixing tank, the left end of the fixing seat is fixedly connected with the lower end of a first fixing plate, a third fixing plate is arranged at the left side of the first fixing plate, the left side of the third fixing plate is rotatably connected with the upper side and the lower side of a rotating shaft, a first rotating disc is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft, a first rotating rod is arranged at the lower part of the first rotating disc, the middle part of the first rotating rod. The invention is suitable for mixing equipment for stem cell drug production, and the drug is cut into small particles by arranging the wiping plate, so that the effect of mixing the solid drug and the liquid drug is improved.

Description

Mixing apparatus is used in stem cell medicine production
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drug production, in particular to mixing equipment for stem cell drug production.
Background
Stem cells are a class of cells that have unlimited or immortal self-renewal capacity, capable of producing at least one type of highly differentiated progeny cells. The definition of stem cells has been revised and defined from different levels over the years. Most biologists and physicians now believe that stem cells are a class of cells derived from embryonic, fetal, or adult cells that have the ability to self-renew and proliferate and differentiate without restriction under certain conditions, and that are capable of producing daughter cells with the same phenotype and genotype as themselves, and also capable of producing specialized cells that make up body tissues and organs, and also capable of differentiating into progenitor cells.
When a human body is ill, a part of pathogeny is derived from stem cells, in the process of treating the stem cells, most of the cases only depend on drug treatment, and in the process of producing some stem cell drugs, a plurality of raw materials are required to be mixed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides mixing equipment for stem cell drug production, and solves the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a mixing device for stem cell drug production comprises a mixing tank, wherein a second fixed plate is arranged on the upper portion of the mixing tank, the middle portion of the second fixed plate is rotatably connected with the upper portion of a stirring shaft, a stirring rod is arranged on the lower portion of the stirring shaft, a fixed seat is arranged on the left side of the mixing tank, the left end of the fixed seat is fixedly connected with the lower end of a first fixed plate, a third fixed plate is arranged on the left side of the first fixed plate, the left side of the third fixed plate is rotatably connected with the upper side and the lower side of a rotating shaft, a first rotating disc is arranged on the lower portion of the rotating shaft, a first rotating rod is arranged on the middle portion of the first rotating disc and is rotatably connected with the left end of a first supporting rod, the right end of the first supporting rod is rotatably connected with the left end of a first push rod, a push plate is arranged on the right end of the first push rod, a second rotating disc is arranged, the right end of the second supporting rod is rotatably connected with the left end of the second push rod, a fourth fixing plate is arranged at the right end of the second push rod, a wiping plate is arranged at the upper part of the right side of the first fixing plate, and a receiving plate is arranged at the lower part of the right side of the first fixing plate.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the axis of the first rotating lever and the axis of the second rotating lever are symmetrical with respect to the axis of the rotating shaft.
As a preferable technical solution of the present invention, a second driving motor is disposed on the front side of the first fixing plate, an output shaft of the second driving motor is fixedly connected to a third belt wheel, the third belt wheel is connected to a fourth belt wheel through a second belt, and the fourth belt wheel is fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating shaft.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the middle part of the wiping plate is provided with a wiping opening.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a fifth fixing plate is arranged at the upper part of the fourth fixing plate, the right end of the fifth fixing plate is rotatably connected with the upper end of a rotating seat, a guide rod is arranged in the middle of the rotating seat, and the front side and the rear side of the guide rod are slidably connected with clamping plates.
According to a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the front end and the rear end of the guide rod are provided with limit plates, and a spring is arranged between the limit plates and the clamping plate.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a first driving motor is arranged in the middle of the fixed seat, an output shaft of the first driving motor is fixedly connected with a first belt wheel, the first belt wheel is connected with a second belt wheel through a first belt, and the second belt wheel is fixedly connected with the upper end of the stirring shaft.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the outer side of the mixing tank is provided with a supporting leg, and the lower end of the supporting leg is provided with a base plate.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the bottom of the mixing tank is provided with a discharge opening.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the wiping plate is arranged to cut the medicine into small particles, so that the mixing effect of the solid medicine and the liquid medicine is improved;
2. the solid medicine can be intermittently poured into the mixing tank through the left and right movement of the fourth fixing plate and the push plate, so that the solid medicine can be fully mixed with the liquid medicine, and the mixing effect is improved;
3. in the whole mixing process, the medicines in the mixing tank are always in a stirring state, the concentrations of different positions of the liquid medicines are the same, and the uniformity of the whole medicines is improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mixing apparatus for stem cell drug production.
FIG. 2 is a front view of a mixing apparatus for stem cell drug production.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the inside of a mixing tank in a mixing apparatus for the production of stem cell pharmaceuticals.
Fig. 4 is a front view of fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a first fixing plate in a mixing device for stem cell drug production.
Fig. 6 is a front view of fig. 5.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth fixing plate in a mixing device for stem cell drug production.
FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a wiper in a mixing device for stem cell drug production.
In the figure: 1. a base plate; 2. supporting legs; 3. a mixing tank; 4. a fixed seat; 5. a first fixing plate; 6. a first drive motor; 7. a first pulley; 8. a first belt; 9. a second pulley; 10. a stirring shaft; 11. a second fixing plate; 12. a stirring rod; 13. a discharge opening; 14. a third fixing plate; 15. a rotating shaft; 16. a fourth pulley; 17. a second belt; 18. a second rotating disk; 19. a second rotating lever; 20. a second support bar; 21. a second push rod; 22. a third belt pulley; 23. a second drive motor; 24. a bearing plate; 25. wiping the board; 26. a fourth fixing plate; 27. a first rotating lever; 28. a first support bar; 29. a first push rod; 30. pushing the plate; 31. a fifth fixing plate; 32. a rotating seat; 33. a clamping plate; 34. wiping the mouth; 35. a guide bar; 36. a spring; 37. a limiting plate; 38. a first rotating disk.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example one
Referring to fig. 1-8, a mixing device for stem cell drug production includes a mixing tank 3, a support leg 2 is disposed outside the mixing tank 3, a backing plate 1 is disposed at the lower end of the support leg 2, a second fixing plate 11 is disposed at the upper portion of the mixing tank 3, the middle portion of the second fixing plate 11 is rotatably connected to the upper portion of a stirring shaft 10, a first driving motor 6 is disposed at the middle portion of a fixing base 4, an output shaft of the first driving motor 6 is fixedly connected to a first belt pulley 7, the first belt pulley 7 is connected to a second belt pulley 9 through a first belt 8, and the second belt pulley 9 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the stirring shaft 10. The lower part of (mixing) shaft 10 is equipped with puddler 12, the left side of blending tank 3 is equipped with fixing base 4, and the left end fixed connection of fixing base 4 is the lower extreme of first fixed plate 5.
A third fixing plate 14 is arranged on the left side of the first fixing plate 5, the left side of the third fixing plate 14 is rotatably connected with the upper side and the lower side of a rotating shaft 15, a second driving motor 23 is arranged on the front side of the first fixing plate 5, an output shaft of the second driving motor 23 is fixedly connected with a third belt wheel 22, the third belt wheel 22 is connected with a fourth belt wheel 16 through a second belt 17, the fourth belt wheel 16 is fixedly connected with the middle part of the rotating shaft 15, a first rotating disk 38 is arranged on the lower end of the rotating shaft 15, a first rotating rod 27 is arranged on the lower part of the first rotating disk 38, the middle part of the first rotating rod 27 is rotatably connected with the left end of a first supporting rod 28, the right end of the first supporting rod 28 is rotatably connected with the left end of a first push rod 29, a push plate 30 is arranged on the right end of the first push rod 29, a second rotating disk 18 is arranged on the upper part of the rotating shaft 15, a second rotating disk 19 is arranged on the upper, the middle part of the second rotating rod 19 is rotatably connected with the left end of the second supporting rod 20, the right end of the second supporting rod 20 is rotatably connected with the left end of the second push rod 21, and the right end of the second push rod 21 is provided with a fourth fixing plate 26.
The upper part of the right side of the first fixing plate 5 is provided with a wiping plate 25, the middle part of the wiping plate 25 is provided with a wiping opening 34, the wiping opening 34 is obliquely arranged towards the upper left, and the lower part of the right side of the first fixing plate 5 is provided with a bearing plate 24. The upper portion of the fourth fixing plate 26 is provided with a fifth fixing plate 31, the right end of the fifth fixing plate 31 is rotatably connected with the upper end of the rotating seat 32, the middle portion of the rotating seat 32 is provided with a guide rod 35, the front side and the rear side of the guide rod 35 are slidably connected with the clamping plates 33, the front end and the rear end of the guide rod 35 are provided with limiting plates 37, and a spring 36 is arranged between the limiting plates 37 and the clamping plates 33.
Example two
Referring to fig. 3, the other contents of the present embodiment are the same as those of the first embodiment, except that: the bottom of the mixing tank 3 is provided with a discharge opening 13. In order to facilitate the operation of discharging the mixed medicine, a discharge opening 13 may be provided at a lower portion of the mixing tank 3, and a throttle valve may be provided at the discharge opening 13, thereby achieving an effect of controlling the opening and closing of the discharge opening 13.
In the implementation process of the invention, the clamping plates 33 are firstly separated towards the front side and the rear side, so that the two clamping plates 33 are opened, at the moment, the solid medicinal materials in the medicinal materials to be mixed are fixed between the two clamping plates 33, various medicinal materials can be simultaneously clamped between the two clamping plates 33, and simultaneously, the liquid parts in the medicaments are directly poured into the mixing tank 3, at the moment, the preparation work of the whole device is finished, and the operation of mixing the medicaments can be carried out.
Starting the first driving motor 6, the output shaft of the first driving motor 6 drives the stirring shaft 10 to rotate through the first belt wheel 7, the first belt 8 and the second belt wheel 9, the stirring shaft 10 drives the stirring rod 12 to rotate, thereby enabling the liquid medicines in the mixing tank 3 to be continuously mixed, and simultaneously starting the second driving motor 23, the output shaft of the second driving motor 23 drives the rotating shaft 15 to rotate through the third belt wheel 22, the second belt 17 and the fourth belt wheel 16, the rotating shaft 15 simultaneously drives the first rotating disk 38 and the second rotating disk 18 to synchronously rotate, and since the axes of the first rotating rod 27 and the second rotating rod 19 are symmetrical with respect to the axis of the rotating shaft 15, when the first rotating rod 27 moves rightwards on the first rotating disk 38, the second rotating rod 19 moves leftwards on the second rotating disk 18, thereby enabling the moving directions of the first rotating rod 27 and the second rotating rod 19 to be opposite, so that the left and right moving directions of the fourth fixing plate 26 and the push plate 30 are opposite, when the fourth fixing plate 26 moves towards the right side, the bottom of the medicine contacts with the wiping opening 34 on the wiping plate 25, at this time, the rotating seat 32 rotates to the state of being attached to the fourth fixing plate 26, so that the bottom of the medicine and the wiping opening 34 are relatively displaced, the wiping opening 34 cuts the medicine into small particles and the small particles fall on the bearing plate 24, when the fourth fixing plate 26 moves towards the left side, the rotating seat 32 rotates anticlockwise, so that the medicine is separated from the wiping opening 34, and at this time, the push plate 30 moves towards the right side, so that the medicine on the bearing plate 24 is pushed into the mixing tank 3 to be mixed, so that along with the continuous operation of the device, the small-particle-shaped medicine is intermittently put into the mixing tank 3, so that the mixing effect is improved, after the whole medicine is mixed, the first driving motor 6 and the second driving motor 23 can be closed, and the, the medicine whose mixing is completed is discharged from the discharge opening 13.
The invention is suitable for mixing equipment for stem cell drug production, the drug is cut into small particles by arranging the wiping plate 25, the effect of mixing the solid drug and the liquid drug is improved, and the solid drug can be intermittently poured into the mixing tank 3 by the left and right movement of the fourth fixing plate 26 and the push plate 30, so that the solid drug can be fully mixed with the liquid drug, the mixing effect is improved, the drug in the mixing tank 3 is always in a stirring state in the whole mixing process, the concentrations of different positions of the liquid drug are the same, and the uniformity of the whole drug is improved.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.

Claims (9)

1. A mixing device for stem cell drug production comprises a mixing tank (3), wherein a second fixed plate (11) is arranged on the upper portion of the mixing tank (3), the middle portion of the second fixed plate (11) is rotatably connected with the upper portion of a stirring shaft (10), and a stirring rod (12) is arranged on the lower portion of the stirring shaft (10), the mixing device is characterized in that a fixed seat (4) is arranged on the left side of the mixing tank (3), the left end of the fixed seat (4) is fixedly connected with the lower end of a first fixed plate (5), a third fixed plate (14) is arranged on the left side of the first fixed plate (5), the left side of the third fixed plate (14) is rotatably connected with the upper side and the lower side of a rotating shaft (15), a first rotating disc (38) is arranged at the lower end of the rotating shaft (15), a first rotating rod (27) is arranged on the lower portion of the first rotating disc (38), and the middle portion, the right-hand member of first bracing piece (28) rotates the left end of connecting first push rod (29), and the right-hand member of first push rod (29) is equipped with push pedal (30), the upper end of pivot (15) is equipped with second rolling disc (18), and the upper portion of second rolling disc (18) is equipped with second dwang (19), and the left end of connecting second bracing piece (20) is rotated in the middle part of second dwang (19), and the left end of connecting second push rod (21) is rotated to the right-hand member of second bracing piece (20), and the right-hand member of second push rod (21) is equipped with fourth fixed plate (26), the right side upper portion of first fixed plate (5) is equipped with wipes board (25), and the right side lower part of first fixed plate (5) is equipped with accepts board (24).
2. The mixing apparatus for pharmaceutical production of stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the axial center of the first rotating shaft (27) and the axial center of the second rotating shaft (19) are symmetrical with respect to the axial center of the rotating shaft (15).
3. The mixing device for stem cell drug production according to claim 1, wherein a second driving motor (23) is provided on the front side of the first fixing plate (5), an output shaft of the second driving motor (23) is fixedly connected to a third belt wheel (22), the third belt wheel (22) is connected to a fourth belt wheel (16) through a second belt (17), and the fourth belt wheel (16) is fixedly connected to the middle of the rotating shaft (15).
4. Mixing device for the pharmaceutical production of stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the wiping plate (25) is provided with a wiping lip (34) in the middle.
5. The mixing apparatus for drug production of stem cells according to claim 1, wherein a fifth fixing plate (31) is disposed on the upper portion of the fourth fixing plate (26), the right end of the fifth fixing plate (31) is rotatably connected to the upper end of the rotating seat (32), a guide rod (35) is disposed in the middle of the rotating seat (32), and the front side and the rear side of the guide rod (35) are slidably connected to the clamping plate (33).
6. The mixing device for stem cell drug production according to claim 5, wherein the guide rod (35) is provided with limiting plates (37) at the front and rear ends, and a spring (36) is arranged between the limiting plates (37) and the clamping plate (33).
7. The mixing device for stem cell drug production according to claim 1, wherein the middle of the fixing base (4) is provided with a first driving motor (6), an output shaft of the first driving motor (6) is fixedly connected with a first belt wheel (7), the first belt wheel (7) is connected with a second belt wheel (9) through a first belt (8), and the second belt wheel (9) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the stirring shaft (10).
8. The mixing apparatus for drug production of stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the outer side of the mixing tank (3) is provided with a support leg (2), and the lower end of the support leg (2) is provided with a backing plate (1).
9. Mixing apparatus for the pharmaceutical production of stem cells according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the mixing tank (3) is provided with a discharge opening (13).
CN202110278451.1A 2021-03-16 2021-03-16 Mixing apparatus is used in stem cell medicine production Active CN112657383B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110278451.1A CN112657383B (en) 2021-03-16 2021-03-16 Mixing apparatus is used in stem cell medicine production

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110278451.1A CN112657383B (en) 2021-03-16 2021-03-16 Mixing apparatus is used in stem cell medicine production

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN112657383A true CN112657383A (en) 2021-04-16
CN112657383B CN112657383B (en) 2021-11-26

Family

ID=75399478

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202110278451.1A Active CN112657383B (en) 2021-03-16 2021-03-16 Mixing apparatus is used in stem cell medicine production

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN112657383B (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005052945A (en) * 2003-08-06 2005-03-03 S P Air Kk Automatic saw
CN205587111U (en) * 2016-03-31 2016-09-21 北京彤程创展科技有限公司 Production facility of vulcanite powder
CN109847912A (en) * 2019-03-21 2019-06-07 杭州大橙知一科技有限公司 A kind of sponge crushing plant
CN110743414A (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-02-04 陕西威斯特高新技术投资有限公司 Automatic change mixture production facility

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005052945A (en) * 2003-08-06 2005-03-03 S P Air Kk Automatic saw
CN205587111U (en) * 2016-03-31 2016-09-21 北京彤程创展科技有限公司 Production facility of vulcanite powder
CN109847912A (en) * 2019-03-21 2019-06-07 杭州大橙知一科技有限公司 A kind of sponge crushing plant
CN110743414A (en) * 2019-10-10 2020-02-04 陕西威斯特高新技术投资有限公司 Automatic change mixture production facility

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN112657383B (en) 2021-11-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN206184379U (en) Convenient and practical's pharmacy department medicament shakes even device
CN112619533B (en) Anti-blocking feeding device for soap processing production
CN109261250A (en) A kind of pharmaceutical purpose medicine particle is pulverized and mixed device
CN112657383B (en) Mixing apparatus is used in stem cell medicine production
CN106724969B (en) A kind of portable milk powder agitating device
CN108568242B (en) Medicine is smashed and agitated vessel for medical care
CN111117835A (en) Making wine is with medicine bent preparation facilities
CN114259915B (en) Oncology stirring device that dispenses
CN212680814U (en) Pharmacy reagent agitating unit
CN212855399U (en) Hybrid system is used in western medicine production
CN214636820U (en) Medicine mixes preparation facilities for foundation medicine experiments
CN208990684U (en) A kind of efficient stock stirring device
CN220405726U (en) Medicine crushing device
CN215516766U (en) Automatic quantitative dosing and disinfecting device for water treatment
CN220143133U (en) Batching jar with ration function
CN215428524U (en) Pharmacy department uses high-efficient mixing arrangement
CN210434428U (en) Pharmacy is with novel allotment device
CN216630552U (en) Reagent mixing arrangement is used in pharmacy laboratory
CN109772220A (en) A kind of oncology chemotherapeutics dispensation apparatus
CN217962324U (en) Medicine configuration box
CN220214690U (en) Pharmaceutical preparation mixing arrangement
CN213193611U (en) A prilling granulator for paint vehicle production
CN214345840U (en) Driving mechanism of medicine mixing device for pharmacy department
CN211487281U (en) Novel medicine soaking stirrer
CN220572708U (en) Liquid medicine extraction equipment is used in animal remedy production

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PB01 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
TR01 Transfer of patent right
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20230404

Address after: Room 526, 5th Floor, Building 1, No. 6 Kangye Road, Zhujiajiao Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201713

Patentee after: Shanghai Wuxin Dacheng Medical Technology (Group) Co.,Ltd.

Address before: 510663 Room 401, building G9, South China new material innovation park, 31 Kefeng Road, Science City, Guangzhou high tech Industrial Development Zone, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province

Patentee before: CYTATE BIOMEDICAL(GUANGZHOU) TECHNOLOGIES Inc.

CP03 Change of name, title or address
CP03 Change of name, title or address

Address after: Room 526, 5th Floor, Building 1, No. 6 Kangye Road, Zhujiajiao Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201713

Patentee after: Shanghai Wuxin Medical Technology Group Co.,Ltd.

Country or region after: China

Address before: Room 526, 5th Floor, Building 1, No. 6 Kangye Road, Zhujiajiao Town, Qingpu District, Shanghai, 201713

Patentee before: Shanghai Wuxin Dacheng Medical Technology (Group) Co.,Ltd.

Country or region before: China