CN112655794A - Device and method for making freeze-dried instant food - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing freeze-dried instant food, wherein a refrigeration component is arranged in an outer shell, used for cooling the inner part of the outer shell, the granulating component comprises a distributing device, a conveying belt and a grinding tool, the distributing device is used for spraying stock solution in the storage tank to one end of the conveying belt in the length direction, the conveying belt can drive the stock solution to move to one end far away from the distributing device, the grinding tool is positioned in the middle of the conveying belt, the grinding tool is used for cooling the conveying belt to the temperature of the stock solution to be frozen and pressing the stock solution into particles, the vibrating screen is positioned at one end of the conveying belt, which is far away from the distributing device, the refrigerating assembly can continuously freeze the particles pressed and ground by the grinding tool to form ice particles, and the conveyer belt can drive the ice granule and remove to the shale shaker in, a first material loading machine is still connected to the shale shaker, and first material loading machine is used for carrying the ice granule that the shale shaker sieved out to freeze dryer, and freeze dryer is used for carrying out freeze drying to the granule. The manufacturing device and the method of the freeze-dried instant food realize continuous working procedures and improve the production quality.

Description

Device and method for making freeze-dried instant food

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, in particular to a device and a method for preparing freeze-dried instant food.

Background

In recent years, with the innovation of science and technology and the industrialization of food processing, the pace of life of people is increasing, and the time of putting into cooking is less and less. Meanwhile, with the improvement of living standard and the change of consumption concept, people tend to be green, convenient and nutritious in pursuit of food. The rise of the freeze-drying technology can well meet the requirements of people on green, convenience and nutrition.

The vacuum freeze drying technology is a novel drying means for freezing water-containing materials into solid, and dehydrating the materials at low temperature by utilizing the sublimation performance of water under the condition of low temperature and low pressure to achieve drying. Because the vacuum freeze drying technology is carried out in a low-temperature and low-oxygen environment, most biological reactions are stagnated, no liquid water exists in the treatment process, and the water is directly sublimated in a solid state, so that the original structure and shape of the material are protected to the greatest extent, and finally, a high-quality dried product with both appearance and internal quality is obtained. At present, the vacuum freeze-drying technology is widely applied in many fields, and particularly, the technology is used for food processing to obtain high-quality dehydrated food, and has the following advantages when being used for food processing: the original components, taste, color, smell and shape of the food can be retained to the maximum extent, and the food has good instant property and rehydration property; secondly, due to thorough dehydration, bacteria can be inhibited, and the putrefaction can be prevented; and the weight of the food can be reduced, and the food is convenient to store and transport.

However, in the existing equipment for processing freeze-dried instant food, almost no set of processing equipment capable of continuously performing a plurality of processes exists, and the particle size of the processed freeze-dried instant food is different, which affects the product quality.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a device and a method for making freeze-dried instant food, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, realizing continuous freezing and drying and improving the production quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a device for manufacturing freeze-dried instant food, which comprises a storage tank, an outer shell, a granulating assembly, a vibrating screen and a freeze dryer, wherein the storage tank is used for storing stock solution, the granulating assembly is positioned in the outer shell, a refrigerating assembly is arranged in the outer shell and is used for cooling the interior of the outer shell, the granulating assembly comprises a distributing device, a conveying belt and a grinding tool, the distributing device is used for spraying the stock solution in the storage tank at one end in the length direction of the conveying belt, the conveying belt can drive the stock solution to move towards the end far away from the distributing device, the grinding tool is positioned in the middle of the conveying belt and is used for pressing the stock solution which is cooled to be frozen on the conveying belt into particles, the vibrating screen is positioned at one end of the conveying belt far away from the distributing device, and the refrigerating assembly can continuously freeze the particles pressed by the grinding tool to form ice particles, and the conveyer belt can drive the ice particles to move into the vibrating screen, the vibrating screen is further connected with a first feeding machine, the first feeding machine is used for conveying the ice particles screened out by the vibrating screen to the freeze dryer, and the freeze dryer is used for freeze drying the particles.

Preferably, the periphery cover of storage tank is equipped with and presss from both sides the cover, it is right to press from both sides the cover be used for stock solution cooling in the storage tank, be equipped with stirring element in the storage tank, stirring element is used for right stock solution stirs in the storage tank.

Preferably, the storage tank install in the up end of shell body, the distributing device includes pump and a plurality of shower nozzle, and is a plurality of the shower nozzle is followed the length direction of conveyer belt is arranged, and one the shower nozzle corresponds a ooff valve, the ooff valve is used for control the switching of shower nozzle, the pump be used for with stoste is leading-in to each in the storage tank the shower nozzle, each the shower nozzle install in the interior top surface of shell body, just the shower nozzle is just right the up end setting of conveyer belt, the shower nozzle be used for with stoste blowout extremely on the conveyer belt.

Preferably, still include two and carry the pivot, two carry the one end of pivot respectively with a drive arrangement's output shaft fixed connection, two the other end of carrying the pivot all rotates to be installed on the inner wall of shell body, just first drive arrangement is used for the drive carry the pivot to rotate, two carry the pivot to be located both sides on the conveyer belt length direction, just the conveyer belt cover is located carry the periphery of pivot, carry the pivot to be used for driving the conveyer belt rotates.

Preferably, the grinding apparatus is a rolling type forming grinding apparatus, one end of the grinding apparatus is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the outer shell, the other end of the grinding apparatus is connected to a second driving device, the second driving device can drive the grinding apparatus to rotate, the axis of the grinding apparatus is perpendicular to the moving direction of the conveying belt, and the rotating direction of the grinding apparatus is opposite to the rotating direction of the conveying rotating shaft.

Preferably, the ice crusher further comprises a shredder, a scraper is further arranged in the outer shell, one end of the scraper is a fixed end which is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shell and is close to the vibrating screen, the other end of the scraper is a free end which extends in the direction close to the conveying belt, the upper end of the free end is in contact with the upper end face of the conveying belt and is used for shoveling particles on the conveying belt down, the lower end of the free end is located at the upper end of the shredder, the scraper can shovel the particles on the conveying belt into the shredder and separate the particles in the shredder, a screen mesh is arranged at the lower end of the shredder and can prevent ice particles with the size larger than a standard size from passing through, the lower part of the screen mesh is communicated with one end of a spiral conveyor, and the other end of the spiral conveyor extends to the upper part of the vibrating screen, the utility model discloses a freeze dryer, including shale shaker, sieve screen, first material loading machine, just shale shaker upper end, the shale shaker is used for right the granule under the sieve screen sieves, the mesh of shale shaker can hinder the ice granule that size and standard size equal to pass through, first material loading machine is first vacuum material loading machine, just the granule of shale shaker upper end can pass through first vacuum material loading machine send into to freeze dryer, the shale shaker lower extreme with the storage tank passes through a second vacuum material loading machine intercommunication, second vacuum material loading machine be used for with the granule under the sieve of shale shaker is leading-in to the storage tank is granulation again.

Preferably, the refrigeration assembly comprises a refrigeration unit, a refrigerant pipe and a refrigerant jacket plate, the refrigeration unit is used for providing a refrigerant for the refrigerant pipe and the refrigerant jacket plate, the refrigerant pipe is installed on the inner side wall of the shell, the part of the conveying belt, which bears the stock solution, is a conveying section, and the refrigerant jacket plate is fixedly arranged and located below the lower surface of the conveying section.

Preferably, the inner wall of shell body is fixed with a plurality of cleaning balls, the cleaning ball is used for right wash in the shell body, the lower bottom surface of shell body still is equipped with the outlet, the closure can be dismantled through the end cover in outlet department.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the freeze-dried instant food, and the preparation device of the freeze-dried instant food in any one of the technical schemes comprises the following steps:

s1: pretreating the raw materials to prepare a stock solution, sterilizing the stock solution, and introducing the sterilized stock solution into the storage tank;

s2: leading stock solution in the storage tank into the distributing device, spraying the stock solution onto the surface of the conveying belt through the distributing device, enabling the conveying belt to drive the stock solution to move, and enabling the refrigerating assembly to freeze and crystallize the stock solution;

s3: enabling the conveyer belt to drive stock solution to move towards the direction close to the grinding tool, enabling the stock solution to contact the grinding tool when the stock solution is not completely frozen, and rolling the stock solution into particles through the grinding tool;

s4: the particles are driven by the conveying belt to continuously move, the refrigerating assembly continuously cools the particles to enable the particles to be frozen and crystallized into ice particles, when the ice particles are conveyed to be close to the vibrating screen, the vibrating screen screens the ice particles, the ice particles with the cross sections being the same as the cross sections of the required ice particles are screened out through the vibrating screen and conveyed to the freeze dryer by the feeding machine for freeze drying, and the ice particles with the cross sections being smaller than the cross sections of the required ice particles fall through the vibrating screen and are conveyed back to the storage tank for re-granulation.

Preferably, in the step S1: carrying out ultrahigh-temperature instantaneous sterilization treatment on the stock solution, wherein the sterilization temperature is 120-138 ℃, the sterilization time is 6-10 seconds, a jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the storage tank, and the stock solution is cooled to 1-10 ℃ by using the jacket;

in the step S2: the number of the spray heads in the distributor is three, the number of the spray heads is selected to be opened according to the thickness requirement of freeze-dried instant food, the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerating unit is-20 to-50 ℃, and the temperature in the outer shell is reduced to-10 to-35 ℃;

in the step S4: and the ice particles with the cross sections smaller than the cross sections of the required ice particles fall through the vibrating screen, and are conveyed back to the storage tank for re-granulation, and the working time of the freeze dryer is 15-36 hours per batch.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

the invention provides a device for manufacturing freeze-dried instant food, wherein a refrigeration component is used for cooling the inside of an outer shell so as to ensure that the temperature in the outer shell is lower, the freezing crystallization of stock solution is convenient, solid food is formed, a conveyer belt can drive the stock solution to move to one end far away from a distributor, a grinding tool is positioned in the middle of the conveyer belt and is used for pressing the stock solution which is cooled to be frozen on the conveyer belt into particles so as to ensure that the particles form a required shape, the conveyer belt can drive the particles to a vibrating screen which is also connected with a first feeding machine, the vibrating screen is used for screening the particles which are formed by the grinding tool, the particles which meet the required size requirement are fed into a freeze dryer for freeze drying through the feeding machine, the particles which fall off the vibrating screen are conveyed back to a storage tank for re-granulating, the waste of raw materials is reduced, all elements required for processing are integrated, and a complete device for manufacturing the freeze-dried instant food, therefore, each procedure is ensured to be continuously carried out, the influence on the dissolubility and the flavor and aroma of the food due to overlong interval time among the procedures is avoided, the whole procedure almost does not need manual intervention, and the labor cost is saved.

The invention provides a method for preparing freeze-dried instant food, which comprises the steps of enabling a conveyer belt to drive stock solution to move, enabling a refrigerating assembly to freeze and crystallize the stock solution, conveying the stock solution and freezing and crystallizing at the same time, saving time, enabling the conveyer belt to drive the stock solution to move towards a direction close to a grinding tool, enabling the stock solution to contact the grinding tool when the stock solution is not completely frozen, rolling the stock solution into particles through the grinding tool to obtain the required particle shape, screening ice particles by using a vibrating screen, screening out the ice particles with standard sizes through the vibrating screen, conveying the ice particles to a freeze dryer by using a feeding machine for freeze drying, enabling the produced particles to be consistent in size, improving the production quality, enabling the quick-frozen particles to quickly enter the freeze dryer for freeze drying treatment, and guaranteeing the dissolubility and aroma of the food while saving time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a front view of a device for preparing a lyophilized ready-to-dissolve food product according to one embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the apparatus for making the lyophilized ready-to-dissolve food product of FIG. 1;

in the figure: 100-a manufacturing device of freeze-dried instant food, 1-a storage tank, 11-a jacket, 12-a stirring element, 2-an outer shell, 3-a granulating component, 31-a spray head, 32-a conveying belt, 321-a conveying rotating shaft, 322-a first driving device, 33-a grinding tool, 4-a vibrating screen, 5-a refrigerating component, 51-a refrigerating unit, 52-a refrigerant pipe, 53-a refrigerant jacket plate, 6-a chopper, 61-a scraper, 62-a spiral conveyor, 71-a first vacuum feeding machine, 72-a second vacuum feeding machine, 8-a cleaning ball, 9-a water outlet and 10-a freeze dryer.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide a device and a method for making freeze-dried instant food, which aim to solve the technical problems that the structure of the existing device for making freeze-dried instant food is complex, the continuous working procedures cannot be realized by the device and the method for making freeze-dried instant food, and the product quality is influenced.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1-2, the embodiment provides a device 100 for making a freeze-dried instant food, comprising a storage tank 1, an outer shell 2, a granulating component 3, a vibrating screen 4 and a freeze dryer 10, wherein the storage tank 1 is used for storing a stock solution, the granulating component 3 is located in the outer shell 2, a refrigerating component 5 is arranged in the outer shell 2, the refrigerating component 5 is used for cooling the inner shell 2, the outer shell 2 is made of a heat insulating material, so that the temperature in the outer shell 2 is low, thereby facilitating the freezing crystallization of the stock solution to form a solid food, the granulating component 3 comprises a distributor, a conveying belt 32 and a grinding tool 33, the distributor is used for spraying the stock solution in the storage tank 1 to one end of the conveying belt 32 in the length direction, the conveying belt 32 can drive the stock solution to move to one end away from the distributor, so as to realize the conveying of the stock solution, and ensure the smooth proceeding of the next process, the grinding tool, the grinding tool 33 is used for reducing the temperature of the conveyer belt 32 to be frozen to form particles, so that the particles are formed into a required shape, the vibrating screen 4 is positioned at one end of the conveyer belt 32, which is far away from the distributor, the refrigerating assembly 5 can continuously freeze the particles ground by the grinding tool 33 to form ice particles, the conveyer belt 32 can drive the ice particles to move into the vibrating screen 4, the vibrating screen 4 is further connected with a first feeding machine, the first feeding machine is used for conveying the ice particles with proper size, which are screened out by the vibrating screen 4, to the freeze dryer 10, the freeze dryer 10 is used for freeze-drying the ice particles, the vibrating screen 4 is used for size-screening the ice particles formed by the grinding tool 33, the ice particles meeting the size requirement are conveyed to the freeze dryer 10 through the first feeding machine for freeze-drying, the particles falling off by the vibrating screen 4 are conveyed back to the storage tank 1 for re-granulation, and all elements required by processing are integrated, a set of complete manufacturing device 100 for freeze-dried instant food is obtained, so that each process is ensured to be carried out continuously, the influence on the solubility and the flavor and aroma of the food due to overlong interval time among the processes is avoided, the whole process almost does not need manual intervention, and the labor cost is saved.

Specifically, the periphery cover of storage tank 1 is equipped with and presss from both sides cover 11, it is inside to be used for letting in the refrigerant to press from both sides cover 11, there is the heat preservation effect outside, the refrigerant is used for cooling stock solution in the storage tank 1 in pressing from both sides cover 11, in order to avoid the stock solution after pasteurization, the temperature is higher, cause the damage when getting into the distributing device, and direct outer casing 2 internal cooling, the cooling effect is poor, be equipped with stirring element 12 in the storage tank 1, stirring element 12 is used for stirring stock solution in the storage tank 1, in order to accelerate the cooling, and guarantee the even cooling of stock solution.

The material storage tank 1 is arranged on the upper end face of the outer shell 2, the distributor comprises a pump and a plurality of spray heads 31, the spray heads 31 are arranged along the length direction of the conveying belt 32, one spray head 31 corresponds to one switch valve, the switch valve is used for controlling the opening and closing of the spray heads 31 so as to open or close different spray heads 31 according to the particle thickness and the particle size required in practice, the switch valve is used for realizing the manual control of the spray heads 31 and is fixed on the outer side of the outer shell 2, the switch valve is convenient for operators to control, more preferably, the controller and the electromagnetic valve can be used for respectively controlling the opening and closing of each spray head 31 so as to realize the electric control, the pump is used for guiding the stock solution in the material storage tank 1 into each spray head 31, each spray head 31 is arranged on the inner top face of the outer shell 2, the spray heads 31 are just opposite to the upper end face of the conveying belt 32, when thicker particles need to be obtained, all three spray heads 31 are opened, and when thinner particles need to be obtained, only one spray head 31 is opened, but in the making device 100 for freeze-dried instant food provided by the embodiment, the number of spray heads 31 is not limited to three, and a person skilled in the art can control the number of spray heads 31 and the distance between adjacent spray heads 31 according to actual needs.

The making devices 100 of freeze-drying instant food that this embodiment provided still includes two transport pivot 321, two one ends of carrying pivot 321 respectively with a first drive arrangement 322 output shaft fixed connection, first drive arrangement 322 stretches out shell body 2, two other ends of carrying pivot 321 all rotate and install on the inner wall of shell body 2, and first drive arrangement 322 is used for the drive to carry pivot 321 to rotate, two are carried pivot 321 and are located the ascending both sides of conveyer belt 32 length direction, and the periphery of carrying pivot 321 is located to the conveyer belt 32 cover, carry pivot 321 to be used for driving conveyer belt 32 and rotate, in order to realize that conveyer belt 32 drives the stoste and remove, more excellent, first drive arrangement 322 is the motor.

The grinding tool 33 is a roller-type forming grinding tool, one end of the grinding tool 33 is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the outer shell 2, the other end of the grinding tool 33 is connected with a second driving device, the second driving device can drive the grinding tool 33 to rotate, the axis of the grinding tool 33 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the conveying belt 32, the rotating direction of the grinding tool 33 is opposite to the rotating direction of the conveying rotating shaft 321, preferably, the grinding tool 33 is cylindrical, a plurality of grooves are formed in the outer wall of the grinding tool 33, a concave-convex structure is formed, the shapes of the grooves are consistent with those of required particles, and the distance between the grinding tool 33 and the conveying belt 32 is adjustable so as to adapt to stock solutions with.

The manufacturing device 100 for freeze-dried instant food provided by this embodiment further includes a chopper 6, a spatula 61 is further disposed in the outer casing 2, preferably, the spatula 61 is a stainless steel blade, one end of the spatula 61 is a fixed end, the fixed end is fixed on the inner wall of the outer casing 2 and is disposed close to the vibrating screen 4, the other end of the spatula 61 is a free end, the free end extends in a direction close to the conveying belt 32, and the upper end of the free end contacts with the upper end surface of the conveying belt 32 and is used for shoveling the particles on the conveying belt 32 to avoid that the particles are stuck on the conveying belt 32 and cannot fall normally, the lower end of the free end is located at the upper end of the chopper 6, and the spatula 61 can shovel the particles on the conveying belt 32 into the chopper 6 and separate the particles in the chopper 6 to avoid that the particles are stuck together, the lower end of the chopper 6 is provided with a screen mesh, the mesh of the screen is slightly larger than, can prevent ice particles with the size larger than the standard size from passing through, so that the particles with the outer diameter smaller than or equal to the standard outer diameter can fall through the screen, the particles with the outer diameter larger than the standard outer diameter are remained on the screen and are continuously chopped by the chopper 6 until the particles with the outer diameter smaller than or equal to the standard outer diameter, the lower part of the screen is communicated with one end of a screw conveyer 62, the other end of the screw conveyer 62 extends to the upper part of the vibrating screen 4, the vibrating screen 4 is used for screening the particles screened by the screen, the aperture of the vibrating screen 4 is slightly smaller than the standard outer diameter of the particles, ice particles with the size equal to the standard size can be prevented from passing through, the vibrating screen 4 is of a heat-preserving sealing structure, the particles falling through the screen are divided into two types, the particles with the standard outer diameter and the particles with the outer diameter smaller than the standard outer diameter, the particles remained on the vibrating screen 4 are the, first material loading machine is first vacuum material loading machine 71, shale shaker 4 is linear vibration sieve, can make the granule of the standard external diameter that shale shaker 4 upper surface left, remove to the one end of shale shaker 4, and send into to freeze dryer 10 through first vacuum material loading machine 71, shale shaker 4 lower extreme and storage tank 1 are through a second vacuum material loading machine 72 intercommunication, the granule external diameter that drops through shale shaker 4 all is less than the standard external diameter, second vacuum material loading machine 72 is used for leading-in the granulation again to storage tank 1 with the granule that shale shaker 4 sieved down, in order to obtain the granule that has the standard external diameter, reduce the waste of material.

The refrigeration assembly 5 includes a refrigeration unit 51, a refrigerant pipe 52 and a refrigerant jacket plate 53, the refrigeration unit 51 is used for providing refrigerant to the refrigerant pipe 52 and the refrigerant jacket plate 53, and also provides the cooling medium for the jacket 11, the cooling medium pipe 52 is installed on the inner side wall of the outer shell 2, used for cooling the inner cavity of the outer shell 2, the refrigerant jacket plate 53 is arranged close to the end surface of the conveying belt 32 which is not contacted with the stock solution all the time, one surface of the conveying belt 32 which can be contacted with the stock solution is a front surface, the other surface is a back surface, and the part of the conveying belt 32 bearing the stock solution is a conveying section, a refrigerant jacket plate 53 is fixedly arranged and positioned below the lower surface of the conveying section, i.e., near the reverse side of the conveyor belt 32, preferably, a bracket is provided between the two conveyor shafts 321, the bracket is disposed near the reverse side of the conveyor belt 32, and the refrigerant jacket plate 53 is fixed on the bracket and used for cooling and crystallizing the stock solution on the front surface of the conveying belt 32.

The inner wall of shell body 2 is fixed with a plurality of cleaning balls 8, and cleaning ball 8 is used for wasing in the shell body 2, and is more excellent, and cleaning ball 8 is CIP cleaning ball 8, belongs to and washs the ball that sprays for the washing of the whole device after finishing production, and the lower bottom surface of shell body 2 still is equipped with outlet 9, and outlet 9 department can dismantle through the end cover and seal, and outlet 9 is used for wasing the emission of water.

Example two

The present embodiment provides a method for preparing a freeze-dried instant food, using the device 100 for preparing a freeze-dried instant food in the first embodiment, comprising the following steps:

s1: the raw material pretreatment comprises the following three modes: a. for dry raw materials to be extracted, crushing the dry raw materials, and mixing the crushed dry raw materials in a weight ratio of 1: 10-1: the material-water ratio of 20 can be selected according to the requirements of the characteristics of raw materials, hot water extraction, normal temperature water or low temperature water extraction at 1-10 ℃, the concentrated solution with the solid content of 10-50% is obtained by filtration and concentration, the concentration of the concentrated solution is determined according to the characteristics of the materials and the crispness degree of food, and 20-40% of the solid content is generally suitable; b. for fresh fruit and vegetable raw materials, a homogenization treatment mode is adopted, a small amount of water or no water can be added, and the raw materials are directly homogenized by a homogenizer for standby; c. for raw materials which do not need to be extracted and homogenized, the raw materials are directly dissolved by adding water according to the concentration requirement for standby; the concentrated solution, the homogenate or the dissolving pulp prepared by the three methods are collectively called as stock solution, the stock solution is sterilized by UHT (sterilization temperature is 120-138 ℃, sterilization time is 6-10 seconds), the sterilized stock solution is pumped into a storage tank 1, a jacket 11 is used for cooling, and the stock solution in the storage tank 1 is cooled to 1-10 ℃;

s2: pumping the raw liquid into each spray head 31 by a pump (a screw pump or a peristaltic pump), uniformly spraying the raw liquid to a conveyer belt 32 through the spray heads 31, driving the conveyer belt 32 to move under the driving of a first driving device 322 and a conveying rotating shaft 321, dividing the spray heads 31 into three groups, selecting the opening number of the spray heads 31 according to the thickness requirement of a required finished product, sequentially opening the three spray heads 31 from the direction far away from the vibrating screen 4 when the three spray heads 31 are required to be opened, simultaneously cooling and crystallizing the raw liquid by using a refrigerant pipe 52 and a refrigerant jacket plate 53, and reducing the temperature in the outer shell 2 to-10 ℃ to-35 ℃, wherein the temperature of the refrigerant is-20 ℃ to-50 ℃, and the temperature in the outer shell 2 is reduced to the: the temperature of the stock solution is between 25 ℃ below zero and 30 ℃ below zero, and the stock solution is rapidly cooled and gradually crystallized into ice blocks in the conveying process;

s3: when the stock solution is not completely frozen when reaching the grinding tool 33, namely, the stock solution to be crystallized is rolled into particles by the grinding tool 33, the grinding tool 33 is designed according to the size, the thickness and the shape of the particles, and a desired dosage form is obtained according to the specification of the grinding tool 33;

s4: the particles continue to move forward under the action of the conveyer belt 32, and the particles continue to cool down and are frozen and crystallized into harder ice particles; when ice particles are conveyed to a position close to the scraper 61 and are scraped by the scraper 61 to fall into the chopper 6, a shaft of the chopper 6 separates the particles in the rotating process, a screen is arranged below the chopper 6, the particles with the particle size larger than the standard particle size are left above the screen and are continuously chopped, the particles with the particle size smaller than or equal to the standard particle size fall into the screw conveyor 62 through the screen, the screw conveyor 62 conveys the particles to the vibrating screen 4, the particles with the particle size smaller than the standard particle size fall through the vibrating screen, the particles return to the storage tank 1 to be re-granulated under the action of the second vacuum feeder 72, and the particles on the vibrating screen 4 are directly conveyed to the freeze dryer 10 by the first vacuum feeder 71 (or the screw feeder) for freeze drying; the freeze-drying time is 15-36 hours per batch, the freeze-drying time is determined according to the properties of various parameters of the materials, the shape of a freeze-dried product is basically similar to that before freeze-drying, the interior of particles is of a honeycomb structure, the water solubility is extremely high, and the freeze-dried product is particularly suitable for being used as a plant solid beverage; in addition, the dried granules have low water content, so that the granules are crispy and delicious and are suitable for being used as a buccal food or an oral food.

The method for preparing the freeze-dried instant food provided by the embodiment can be used for processing the following edible raw materials:

tea leaves: black tea, green tea, dark tea, yellow tea, oolong tea, white tea, coffee, cocoa, guarana, and the like;

flowers: rose, chrysanthemum, jasmine, honeysuckle, sweet osmanthus, roselle and the like;

fruits: blueberry, strawberry, cranberry, sea buckthorn, fructus momordicae, passion fruit, medlar, black medlar, yellow peach, cherry, longan, dragon fruit, fig, loquat, mango, red date, pear, papaya, cucumber, watermelon, pumpkin seed, etc.;

medicine and food homology: rhizoma Polygonati, rhizoma Polygonati Odorati, Cistanchis herba, herba Dendrobii, radix astragali, semen Ziziphi Spinosae, rhizoma Dioscoreae, radix Puerariae, Ginseng radix, and Ampelopsis grossedentata;

mushrooms: lentinus Edodes, Cordyceps militaris, Tremella, Auricularia, Agaricus Blazei Murr, needle Mushroom, and Boletus;

cereals: coix seed, red bean, mung bean, others: protein, collagen, protein peptide, amino acid, probiotic bacteria, prebiotics, etc.

Taking the preparation of dry green tea as an example, 300 kg of dry green tea raw material is adopted, the green tea raw material is crushed to 60 meshes of fineness and is placed in a 5 cubic dynamic extraction tank, 3000L of pure water with the temperature of 5 ℃ is added, stirring and dynamic extraction are carried out for 60 minutes, the feed liquid is pumped into a centrifuge together for centrifugal deslagging, the obtained tea soup is filtered and clarified by an ultrafiltration membrane, an RO membrane (namely a reverse osmosis membrane) is adopted for concentrating to the concentration of Brix30, a UHT high-temperature instantaneous sterilizer is used for sterilizing at 120 ℃/6 seconds, the temperature is reduced to below 30 ℃ after sterilization, then 150 kg of concentrated liquid is pumped into a storage tank 1, a stirring element 12 is started for slowly stirring at the speed of 30 r/min, a refrigerant introduced into a refrigerating unit 51 in a jacket 11 for cooling, the tea concentrated liquid is cooled to 2 ℃ after 23 minutes, a conveying rotating shaft 321 is started for driving a conveying belt 32 to move, the conveying belt 32 moves, opening a spray head 31 farthest from the vibrating screen 4, swinging the spray head 31 left and right to spray the tea concentrated solution onto a conveyer belt 32, wherein the spraying thickness is 1.5mm, the tea concentrated solution is gradually cooled to ice under the action of a refrigerant jacket plate 53 and a refrigerant pipe 52, then opening the spray head 31 positioned in the middle, continuing to spray and layer the concentrated solution to increase the thickness of the concentrated solution to 3.0mm on the tea concentrated solution layer to be frozen, then opening the spray head 31 closest to the vibrating screen 4 to continuously thicken the concentrated solution layer to 4.5mm, and as the concentrated solution is gradually frozen, when the concentrated solution is conveyed to a grinding tool 33 by the conveyer belt 32, pressing the concentrated solution into 5 × 5mm round small square particles by the rolling grinding tool 33, and continuing to move forward along the conveyer belt 32 after the form is basically fixed, and continuously cooling the concentrated solution to a hard ice block state; when the material is driven to the tail end by the conveyor belt 32, ice cubes are separated from the conveyor belt 32 under the action of the scraper 61 and fall into the chopper 6, are separated and formed in the chopper 6, and make particles mutually rubbed, so that the particles are more complete and smooth, then fall to the screw conveyor 62 along the screen, are conveyed to the vibrating screen 4, are vibrated and sieved by the vibrating screen 4, and fine powder or fine particles below the vibrating screen 4 are sucked into the storage tank 1 by the second vacuum feeding machine 72 to be continuously re-granulated; the particles on the vibrating screen 4 are qualified semi-finished products, and the qualified particles are sucked into a freeze dryer 10 by a first vacuum feeding machine 71 for freeze drying; the first 700min temperature during the freeze-drying process was: the vacuum degree is 20-40 Pa at the temperature of minus 20 ℃; along with the change of the drying degree, the temperature of the materials is gradually increased to 25 ℃, the drying process is completed in about 24 hours, 45 kg of the obtained freeze-dried particles are attractive in shape and extremely strong in solubility, can be rapidly dissolved in cold water at the temperature of 1-5 ℃, maintain the flavor, bright soup color, high clarity and good taste of the original tea, and can be packaged by adopting capsules, glass bottles or aluminum foils.

As another specific example, taking the preparation of the composite solid beverage particles as an example, the raw materials are selected as follows: 80 kg of dried fig, 50 kg of dried longan pulp, 30 kg of dried blueberry, 20 kg of dried lily and 20 kg of dried rose; mixing five raw materials according to a material-water mass ratio of 1: adding 1000 kg of 80 ℃ hot water according to a proportion of 5, homogenizing by a colloid mill, repeatedly homogenizing for three times in a mode of adding water while adding materials according to the proportion to form slurry-like composite fruit paste, and centrifuging the fruit paste by a tubular high-speed centrifuge to remove residues to obtain 1140 kg of fruit juice; concentrating the compound fruit juice by using a low-temperature instantaneous concentrator to obtain 450 kg of concentrated solution, adding 100 kg of maltodextrin to obtain 550 kg of concentrated juice with the solid content of 38%, sterilizing the concentrated juice by using a UHT high-temperature instantaneous sterilizer at 127 ℃/6 seconds, cooling to below 28 ℃ after sterilization, pumping the concentrated juice into a storage tank 1 with the concentrated solution being 540 kg, starting a stirring element 12 to slowly stir at 30 revolutions per minute, introducing a refrigerant introduced into a refrigerating unit 51 in a jacket 11 to cool the concentrated juice, cooling to 3 ℃ after 23 minutes, starting a conveying rotating shaft 321 to drive a conveying belt 32 to move, moving the conveying belt 32 forwards at a speed of 35 cm per minute, starting a spray head 31 farthest from a vibrating screen 4, swinging the spray head 31 left and right, spraying the compound concentrated solution onto the conveying belt 32 with the thickness of 1.5mm, and under the action of a jacket plate 53 and a pipe 52, gradually cooling the concentrated solution to ice, then opening the spray head 31 positioned in the middle, continuously spraying and layering on the concentrated solution layer to increase the thickness of the concentrated solution to 3.0mm, gradually icing the concentrated solution, pressing the concentrated solution to be 3 x 5mm conical small particles by the rolling grinding tool 33 when the concentrated solution is conveyed to the grinding tool 33 by the conveyer belt 32, continuously moving forwards along the conveyer belt 32 after the shape is basically fixed, and continuously cooling to the hard state of ice blocks; when the material reaches the tail end, ice blocks are separated from the conveying belt 32 under the action of the scraper 61 and fall into the chopper 6, are separated and formed in the chopper 6, and enable particles to rub against each other, so that the particles are more complete and smooth, then fall to the spiral conveyor 62 along the mesh holes of the screen, are conveyed to the vibrating screen 4, are vibrated and screened by the vibrating screen 4, and fine powder or fine particles below the vibrating screen 4 are sucked into the storage tank 1 by the second vacuum feeding machine 72 to be re-granulated; the particles on the vibrating screen 4 are qualified products, and the qualified particles are sucked into a freeze dryer 10 by a first vacuum feeding machine 71 for freeze drying; the first 650min temperature during the freeze-drying process was: the vacuum degree is 20-40 Pa at the temperature of minus 20 ℃; the temperature of the material was gradually raised to 25 c as the degree of drying was varied, and the drying process was completed in about 23 hours. The freeze-dried particles obtained were 205 kg.

The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In summary, this summary should not be construed to limit the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A device for making a freeze-dried instant food is characterized in that: the device comprises a storage tank, an outer shell, a granulating component, a vibrating screen and a freeze dryer, wherein the storage tank is used for storing stock solution, the granulating component is positioned in the outer shell and is internally provided with a refrigerating component which is used for cooling the outer shell, the granulating component comprises a distributor, a conveying belt and a grinding tool, the distributor is used for spraying the stock solution in the storage tank to one end in the length direction of the conveying belt, the conveying belt can drive the stock solution to move towards one end far away from the distributor, the grinding tool is positioned in the middle of the conveying belt and is used for pressing the stock solution which is cooled to be frozen on the conveying belt into particles, the vibrating screen is positioned at one end far away from the distributor on the conveying belt, the refrigerating component can continuously freeze the particles pressed by the grinding tool to form ice particles, and the conveyer belt can drive the ice particles to move into the vibrating screen, the vibrating screen is further connected with a first feeding machine, the first feeding machine is used for conveying the ice particles screened out by the vibrating screen to the freeze dryer, and the freeze dryer is used for freeze drying the particles.

2. The device for making a freeze-dried ready-to-dissolve food product according to claim 1, wherein: the periphery cover of storage tank is equipped with and presss from both sides the cover, it is right to press from both sides the cover be used for stock solution cooling in the storage tank, be equipped with the stirring component in the storage tank, the stirring component be used for right stock solution stirs in the storage tank.

3. The device for making a freeze-dried ready-to-dissolve food product according to claim 1, wherein: the storage tank install in the up end of shell body, the distributing device includes pump and a plurality of shower nozzle, and is a plurality of the shower nozzle is followed the length direction of conveyer belt is arranged, and one the shower nozzle corresponds a ooff valve, the ooff valve is used for control the switching of shower nozzle, the pump be used for with stoste is leading-in to each in the storage tank the shower nozzle, each the shower nozzle install in the interior top surface of shell body, just the shower nozzle is just right the up end setting of conveyer belt, the shower nozzle is used for with stoste blowout extremely on the conveyer belt.

4. The device for making a freeze-dried ready-to-dissolve food product according to claim 1, wherein: still include two transport pivots, two the one end of carrying the pivot respectively with a drive arrangement's output shaft fixed connection, two the other end of carrying the pivot all rotates to be installed on the inner wall of shell body, just a drive arrangement is used for the drive carry the pivot to rotate, two carry the pivot to be located the ascending both sides of conveyer belt length direction, just the conveyer belt cover is located carry the periphery of pivot, carry the pivot to be used for driving the conveyer belt rotates.

5. The device for making a freeze-dried ready-to-dissolve food product according to claim 4, wherein: the grinding apparatus is a rolling type forming grinding apparatus, one end of the grinding apparatus is rotatably connected to the inner side wall of the outer shell, the other end of the grinding apparatus is connected with a second driving device, the second driving device can drive the grinding apparatus to rotate, the axis of the grinding apparatus is perpendicular to the moving direction of the conveying belt, and the rotating direction of the grinding apparatus is opposite to the rotating direction of the conveying rotating shaft.

6. The device for making a freeze-dried ready-to-dissolve food product according to claim 1, wherein: the ice crusher is characterized by further comprising a chopper, wherein a scraper is further arranged in the outer shell, one end of the scraper is a fixed end, the fixed end is fixed on the inner wall of the outer shell and is close to the vibrating screen, the other end of the scraper is a free end, the free end extends towards the direction close to the conveying belt, the upper end of the free end is in contact with the upper end face of the conveying belt and is used for shoveling particles on the conveying belt down, the lower end of the free end is located at the upper end of the chopper, the scraper can shovel the particles on the conveying belt into the chopper and separate the particles in the chopper, a screen mesh is arranged at the lower end of the chopper, the mesh of the screen can prevent ice particles with the size larger than a standard size from passing through, the lower portion of the screen is communicated with one end of a spiral conveyer, and the other end of the spiral conveyer extends to the upper portion of the vibrating screen, the utility model discloses a freeze dryer, including shale shaker, sieve screen, first material loading machine, just shale shaker upper end, the shale shaker is used for right the granule under the sieve screen sieves, the mesh of shale shaker can hinder the ice granule that size and standard size equal to pass through, first material loading machine is first vacuum material loading machine, just the granule of shale shaker upper end can pass through first vacuum material loading machine send into to freeze dryer, the shale shaker lower extreme with the storage tank passes through a second vacuum material loading machine intercommunication, second vacuum material loading machine be used for with the granule under the sieve of shale shaker is leading-in to the storage tank is granulation again.

7. The device for making a freeze-dried ready-to-dissolve food product according to claim 1, wherein: the refrigeration assembly comprises a refrigeration unit, a refrigerant pipe and a refrigerant jacket plate, the refrigeration unit is used for providing a refrigerant for the refrigerant pipe and the refrigerant jacket plate, the refrigerant pipe is installed on the inner side wall of the shell, the part of the conveying belt, which bears stock solution, is a conveying section, and the refrigerant jacket plate is fixedly arranged and located below the lower surface of the conveying section.

8. The device for making a freeze-dried ready-to-dissolve food product according to claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of shell body is fixed with a plurality of cleaning balls, the cleaning ball is used for right wash in the shell body, the lower bottom surface of shell body still is equipped with the outlet, the outlet department can dismantle through the end cover and seal.

9. A method for preparing freeze-dried instant food is characterized in that: a device for making a freeze-dried ready-to-dissolve food product according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the following steps:

s1: pretreating the raw materials to prepare a stock solution, sterilizing the stock solution, and introducing the sterilized stock solution into the storage tank;

s2: leading stock solution in the storage tank into the distributing device, spraying the stock solution onto the surface of the conveying belt through the distributing device, enabling the conveying belt to drive the stock solution to move, and enabling the refrigerating assembly to freeze and crystallize the stock solution;

s3: enabling the conveyer belt to drive stock solution to move towards the direction close to the grinding tool, enabling the stock solution to contact the grinding tool when the stock solution is not completely frozen, and rolling the stock solution into particles through the grinding tool;

s4: the particles are driven by the conveying belt to continuously move, the refrigeration assembly continuously cools the particles to enable the particles to be frozen and crystallized into ice particles, when the ice particles are conveyed to a position close to the vibrating screen, the vibrating screen screens the ice particles, the ice particles with the cross sections consistent with the cross sections of the required ice particles are screened out through the vibrating screen, and the ice particles are conveyed to the freeze dryer by the feeding machine to be subjected to freeze drying.

10. The method of making a lyophilized instant food product according to claim 9, wherein:

in the step S1: carrying out ultrahigh-temperature instantaneous sterilization treatment on the stock solution, wherein the sterilization temperature is 120-138 ℃, the sterilization time is 6-10 seconds, a jacket is sleeved on the outer wall of the storage tank, and the stock solution is cooled to 1-10 ℃ by using the jacket;

in the step S2: the number of the spray heads in the distributor is three, the number of the spray heads is selected to be opened according to the thickness requirement of freeze-dried instant food, the refrigerating temperature of the refrigerating unit is-20 to-50 ℃, and the temperature in the outer shell is reduced to-10 to-35 ℃;

in the step S4: and the ice particles with the cross sections smaller than the cross sections of the required ice particles fall through the vibrating screen, and are conveyed back to the storage tank for re-granulation, and the working time of the freeze dryer is 15-36 hours per batch.

Images