CN112653328A - High-voltage conversion ratio direct-current power supply converter - Google Patents

High-voltage conversion ratio direct-current power supply converter Download PDF

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CN112653328A
CN112653328A CN202011456541.7A CN202011456541A CN112653328A CN 112653328 A CN112653328 A CN 112653328A CN 202011456541 A CN202011456541 A CN 202011456541A CN 112653328 A CN112653328 A CN 112653328A
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CN112653328B (en
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刘腾帝
伍荣翔
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

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Abstract

A high voltage conversion ratio DC power converter belongs to the technical field of power electronics. The direct-current power supply converter comprises a switch network module, a first inductor and an auxiliary circuit module, wherein the auxiliary circuit module comprises a first capacitor, a first switch, a second switch and a second inductor; a first port of the switch network module is coupled to an external direct-current power supply voltage, a second port of the switch network module is coupled to a first port of the first inductor, and a third port of the switch network module is coupled to a power ground; a second port of the first inductor is coupled to a first port of the auxiliary circuit module; the auxiliary circuit module has a second port coupled to the output voltage and a third port coupled to power ground. The invention adopts a simple switch network module and is matched with an auxiliary circuit module, so that the duty ratio D of high level in a period can be obviously improved. The DC power converter can be applied to scenes with high voltage conversion ratios of 48V to 1V, 24V to 1V and the like, and the theoretical duty ratio is more than 14% when the DC power converter is applied to voltage conversion of 48V to 1V.

Description

High-voltage conversion ratio direct-current power supply converter
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of power electronics, and particularly relates to a direct-current power supply converter with a high voltage conversion ratio.
Background
With the recent rise of technologies such as big data and cloud computing, the number of data centers has increased greatly. The data center completes huge data processing through a large number of high-performance CPUs, GPUs and buffers, and the power supply voltage of the electronic equipment is between 0.8V and 1.8V. The data center usually adopts a traditional two-stage power transmission architecture, the intermediate bus converter completes voltage conversion from 48V to 12V, and the point-of-load converter converts the 12V direct current bus voltage into a chip power supply voltage of about 1V. As the operating voltage of the chip decreases and the operating current increases, the loss of the conventional power transmission architecture on the transmission path increases dramatically. Some data centers have therefore turned to 48V-1V direct power solutions. This solution can significantly reduce transmission losses and increase the power density and deployment flexibility of the chassis, but places higher demands on the buck converter.
The operating principle of a conventional Buck converter is shown in fig. 1. The duty cycle of a conventional Buck converter is divided into two phases: in the first stage, the switch S11 is turned on, and the switch S22 is turned off; in the second phase, the switch S11 is turned off and the switch S22 is turned on. The output voltage Vout of the conventional Buck converter has a relationship with the input voltage Vin of Vout/Vin — D, where D is the on duty cycle of the switch S11. Therefore, the conventional Buck converter is applied to voltage conversion from 48V to 1V, and the theoretical duty ratio of the Buck converter is less than 2.1%. In practical applications, the duty cycle of the conventional Buck converter is usually greater than 10% due to the limitations of efficiency and switching tube stress. Therefore, it is difficult to achieve voltage conversion from 48V to 1V for the conventional Buck converter.
Fig. 2 shows a conventional high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter, which uses a switch network module composed of a plurality of switches and a plurality of capacitors to replace two switch half-bridge switch networks in a conventional Buck converter, wherein a first port of the switch network module is coupled to an external dc power voltage Vin, a second port of the switch network module is coupled to a first port of the inductor L1, and a third port of the switch network module is coupled to a power ground. The second port of the inductor L1 is coupled to an external load. The switch network module includes 10 switches (S11, S12, S21, S22, S31, S32, S41, S42, S51, S52) and 5 capacitors (C1, C2, C3, C4, C5). The working principle is as follows: in the switch network module, the capacitance values of the capacitors C1 and C2 are the same, so the voltages at two ends of the capacitors C1 and C2 are both Vin/2. When the switches S11 and S21 are turned on at the same time, the switches S12 and S22 are turned off at the same time. When the switches S12 and S22 are turned on at the same time, the switches S11 and S12 are turned off at the same time. The on duty ratios of the switches S11, S12, S21 and S22 are all 50%, and the capacitance values of the capacitors C3 and C4 are the same, so that the voltages at two ends of the capacitors C3 and C4 are both Vin/4. Switches S31, S41 are simultaneously conductingWhen on, switches S32, S42 are simultaneously off. When the switches S32 and S42 are turned on at the same time, the switches S31 and S42 are turned off at the same time. The on duty cycles of the switches S31, S32, S41 and S42 are all 50%, so that the voltage across the capacitor C5 is Vin/4. When the switch S51 is turned on, the switch S52 is turned off; when the switch S52 is turned on, the switch S51 is turned off. Therefore, the second port of the switch network module outputs a periodic square wave with a high level of Vin/4 and a low level of 0 (ground). The on duty ratio of the switch S51 is D, that is, the high-level duty ratio of the periodic square wave is D, then the relationship between the input voltage Vin and the output regulated voltage Vout of the dc power converter with high voltage conversion ratio is:
Figure BDA0002828890370000021
therefore, the high-voltage conversion ratio direct-current power converter is applied to voltage conversion from 48V to 1V, and the theoretical duty ratio of the high-voltage conversion ratio direct-current power converter is less than 8.4%. Although the switch conduction duty ratio is improved, a complex switch network module is required. The complex switch network module has large charge distribution loss, a complex control circuit is needed to ensure that the switch network module can work normally, and two groups of control circuit modules are needed to generate two duty ratios to ensure that the converter works normally. In addition, the number of devices in the high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter is too large, which is not favorable for improving the integration of the converter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-voltage conversion ratio direct-current power supply converter aiming at the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter, wherein the dc power converter comprises a switching network module, a first inductor L1 and an auxiliary circuit module;
the auxiliary circuit module comprises a first capacitor C1, a first switch SW1, a second switch SW2 and a second inductor L2, a first port of the first capacitor and a first port of the first switch are coupled to a first port of the auxiliary circuit module, a second port of the first switch and a first port of the second switch are coupled to a second port of the auxiliary circuit module, a second port of the first capacitor and a second port of the second switch are coupled to a first common node, a first port of the second inductor is coupled to the first common node, and a second port of the second inductor is coupled to a third port of the auxiliary circuit module;
a first port of the switch network module is coupled to an external direct-current power supply voltage Vin, a second port of the switch network module is coupled to a first port of the first inductor, and a third port of the switch network module is coupled to a power ground; a second port of the first inductor is coupled to a first port of the auxiliary circuit module; the auxiliary circuit module has a second port coupled to the output voltage Vout and a third port coupled to power ground.
Further, the switch network module is a network module composed of a plurality of switches or a plurality of switches and capacitors, and is used for outputting periodic square waves.
Further, the first switch is a power MOSFET, and the second switch is a power MOSFET or a rectifier diode; wherein, the rated source-drain breakdown voltage BV of the power MOSFETDSSShould satisfy BVDSS>Vout/D, reverse repetitive peak voltage of rectifier diode VRRMShould satisfy VRRM>Vout/D。
Further, the switches in the switch network module are power MOSFETs or rectifier diodes, and independent control level signals are loaded on the gates of the power MOSFETs.
Further, when the second port of the switch network module outputs a high level, the first switch is turned on, the second switch is turned off, and the first capacitor is in a discharging state;
when the second port of the switch network module outputs a low level, the first switch is turned off, the second switch is turned on, and the first capacitor is in a charging state.
Further, the level of the first port of the first capacitor is higher than the level of the second port of the first capacitor, and an average value VC1 of the voltage across the first capacitor is Vout/D, where Vout is the voltage output by the second port of the auxiliary circuit module, and D is the high-level duty cycle of the periodic square wave.
Further, the capacitance value C1 of the first capacitor satisfies
Figure BDA0002828890370000031
Wherein Iout is a load current, Ton is a minimum switch on-time of the first switch, Vout is a voltage output by the second port of the auxiliary circuit module, D is a high-level duty ratio of the periodic square wave, D 'is a low-level duty ratio of the periodic square wave, and D + D' is 1.
Furthermore, the high level output by the second port of the switch network module is Vin/m, Vin is the voltage of an external input power supply, and m is a positive integer; the low level output by the second port of the switch network module is 0 (grounded).
Further, the voltage output by the second port of the auxiliary circuit module is Vout ═ D2*Vin/m。
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the high-voltage conversion ratio direct-current power supply converter provided by the invention adopts a simple switch network module and is matched with an auxiliary circuit module, so that the duty ratio D of high level in a period can be obviously improved. The DC power converter can be applied to scenes with high voltage conversion ratios of 48V to 1V, 24V to 1V and the like, and the theoretical duty ratio is larger than 14% when the DC power converter is applied to voltage conversion of 48V to 1V.
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For a clearer explanation of the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a conventional Buck converter operating at different stages;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional high voltage conversion ratio converter;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage conversion ratio DC power converter according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram illustrating a typical stable operation of a high voltage conversion ratio DC power converter according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter provided in embodiment 1;
fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the dc power converter with high voltage conversion ratio provided in embodiment 1, which operates at different stages;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter provided in embodiment 2;
fig. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter provided in embodiment 2 operating at different stages.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter according to the present invention;
a high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter, wherein the dc power converter comprises a switching network module, a first inductor L1 and an auxiliary circuit module;
the auxiliary circuit module comprises a first capacitor C1, a first switch SW1, a second switch SW2 and a second inductor L2, a first port of the first capacitor and a first port of the first switch are coupled to a first port of the auxiliary circuit module, a second port of the first switch and a first port of the second switch are coupled to a second port of the auxiliary circuit module, a second port of the first capacitor and a second port of the second switch are coupled to a first common node, a first port of the second inductor is coupled to the first common node, and a second port of the second inductor is coupled to a third port of the auxiliary circuit module;
a first port of the switch network module is coupled to an external direct-current power supply voltage Vin, a second port of the switch network module is coupled to a first port of the first inductor, and a third port of the switch network module is coupled to a power ground; a second port of the first inductor is coupled to a first port of the auxiliary circuit module; the auxiliary circuit module has a second port coupled to the output voltage Vout and a third port coupled to power ground.
Further, the switch network module is a network module composed of a plurality of switches or a plurality of switches and capacitors, a second port of the switch network module outputs a periodic square wave Vx, a high-level duty cycle of the periodic square wave is D, and a low-level duty cycle of the periodic square wave is D', D + D ═ 1.
When the high-voltage conversion ratio direct-current power converter provided by the invention works stably, the second port of the switch network module outputs periodic square waves with high level of Vin/m and low level of 0 (grounding), wherein m is a positive integer and is determined by the specific structure of the switch network module. When the duty ratio of the high level of the periodic square wave is D, the relationship between the input voltage Vin and the output voltage Vout of the converter is:
Figure BDA0002828890370000051
as shown in fig. 4, a typical waveform diagram for stable operation of a high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter provided by the present invention is as follows:
when the second port of the switch network module outputs a high level, the first switch SW1 is turned on, the second switch SW2 is turned off, the voltage of the second port of the auxiliary circuit module is kept at Vout, the voltage of the first port of the first inductor L1 is Vin/m, the voltage of the second port is Vout, and the voltage of the two ends of the second inductor L2 is Vout-VC 1; the first inductor current I of the stageL1Sequentially flows through a first inductor L1, a first switch SW1 and a second inductor current IL2The current flows through the second inductor L2, the first capacitor C1 and the first switch SW1 in sequence. The load current of the converter is Io, then the current I flowing through the first switch SW1 in this stageSW1Has an average value of Io. Assuming the positive direction of the current from the first port to the second port of the first capacitor C1, the current I flowing through the first capacitor C1 at this stageC1is-D' Io, the first stageThe capacitor C1 is in a discharged state;
when the second port of the switch network module outputs a low level, the second switch SW2 is turned on, the first switch SW1 is turned off, and the voltage of the first port of the auxiliary circuit module is kept at VC1+ Vout; the first port voltage of the first inductor L1 is 0 (ground), the second port voltage is Vout + VC1, and the voltage across the second inductor L2 is Vout. First inductor current IL1The second inductor current I flows through the first capacitor C1 and the second switch SW2 in turnL2Through a second switch SW 2. The load current of the converter is Io, then the current I flowing through the second switch SW2 in this stageSW2Has an average value of Io. Assuming a positive direction of current flow from the first port to the second port of the first capacitor C1, the current I flows through the first capacitor C1C1Is D Io, the first capacitor C1 is in a charged state during this phase.
Based on the above process, the relationship between the input voltage Vin and the output voltage Vout of the dc power converter provided by the present invention is:
Figure BDA0002828890370000061
the first inductor current IL1Has an average value of D Io, and the second inductor current IL2The average value of (D) is D'. Io. First inductor current IL1And a second inductor current IL2Are all output to the external load through the second port of the auxiliary circuit module.
When the first capacitor C1 is in a discharging state, the voltage across C1 decreases; when the first capacitor C1 is in a charged state, the voltage across C1 increases. The average value of the voltage across the first capacitor C1 in one period is VC1 ═ Vout/D. Too small C1 can cause the switch tube to be overstressed and even broken down, reducing converter reliability. Let the minimum switch on time be Ton, then the capacitance value of the first capacitor C1 is suitably in the following range:
Figure BDA0002828890370000062
example 1
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter provided in embodiment 1; the switch network module is a half-bridge switch network formed by a switch S11 and a switch S22. A first port of the switch S11 is coupled to a first port of the switch network module (1), and a second port is coupled to a second port of the switch network module (1); the switch S22 has a first port coupled to a second port of the switch network module (1) and a second port coupled to a third port of the switch network module (1). The switches S11, S22 are alternately turned on in one cycle. When the on duty of the switch S11 is D, the on duty of the switch S22 is D ', and D' is 1-D. Then, the second port of the switch network module (1) outputs a periodic square wave with a high level Vin and a low level 0 (ground), and the high-level duty cycle of the periodic square wave is D.
Fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the dc power converter with high voltage conversion ratio provided in embodiment 1, which operates at different stages;
in the first phase, the switch S11 is turned on, the switch S22 is turned off, and the second port of the switch network module (1) outputs the high level Vin. At this stage, the first switch SW1 is turned on, the second switch SW2 is turned off, and the first inductor current I is at this stageL1Enters from the first port of the switch network module (1), and flows through a switch S11, a first inductor L1, a first switch SW1 and a second inductor current I in sequenceL2The power enters from the power ground and flows through a second inductor L2, a first capacitor C1 and a second switch SW1 in sequence;
in the second phase, the switch S11 is turned off, the switch S22 is turned on, and the second port of the switch network module (1) outputs a low level (ground). At this stage, the second switch SW2 is turned on and the first switch SW1 is turned off, and the first inductor current I is at this stageL1The power-on current flows through the switch S22, the first inductor L1, the first capacitor C1 and the second switch SW2 in sequence, and the second inductor current IL2From power ground, the current flows through the second inductor L2 and the second switch SW2 in sequence.
The first inductor current IL1And a second inductor current IL2All pass through the assistanceThe second port of the circuit module is output to an external load.
The first and second phases are repeated with a period T, the first phase having a duration of D T and the second phase having a duration of D' × T. The relation between the input voltage Vin and the output voltage Vout when the converter works stably is as follows:
Figure BDA0002828890370000071
the switch S11 is a power MOSFET, and the switch S22 is a power MOSFET or a rectifier diode. The gates of the power MOSFETs are each loaded with an independent control level signal to control the turn-off or turn-on of the power MOSFETs.
Example 2
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter provided in embodiment 2; wherein the switching network module (2) comprises: switches S11, S12, S21, S22, and a second capacitor C2.
A first port of the switch S11 is coupled to a first port of the switch network module (2), and a second port is coupled to a second common node in common with the first port of the switch S12. The second port of the switch S12 is coupled in common with the first port of the switch S21 to a second port of the switch network module (2). A second port of the switch S21 is commonly coupled to the third common node with the first port of the switch S22. A second port of the switch S22 is coupled to a third port of the switch network module (2). A first port of the second capacitor C2 is coupled to the second common node and a second port is coupled to the third common node.
The switches S11, S12, S21, S22 and the second capacitor C2 together form a three-state switch network. The switches S11, S22 are alternately turned on, and the switches S12, S21 are alternately turned on. When the converter works stably, the average value of the voltage at the two ends of the second capacitor C2 is VC 2.
Fig. 8 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter provided in embodiment 2, which operates at different stages:
in the first phase, the switches S11, S21 are turned on,the switches S12 and S22 are turned off, and the second port of the switch network module (2) outputs high Vin-VC 2. At this stage, the switch SW1 is turned on and the switch SW2 is turned off, and the first inductor current I is at this stageL1Entering from the first port of the switch network module (2), and sequentially flowing through a switch S11, a second capacitor C2, a switch S21, a first inductor L1 and a switch SW 1; second inductor current IL2The power enters from the power ground and flows through a second inductor L2, a first capacitor C1 and a switch SW1 in sequence;
in the second phase, the switches S21, S22 are turned on, the switches S11, S12 are turned off, and the second port of the switch network module (2) outputs a low level (ground). At this stage, the switch SW1 is turned off and the switch SW2 is turned on, and the first inductor current I is at this stageL1The power is input from the power ground, and the power flows through a switch S22, a switch S12, a first inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, a switch SW2 and a second inductor current I in sequenceL2The power enters from the power ground and flows through a second inductor L2 and a switch SW2 in sequence;
in the third phase, the switches S12 and S22 are turned on, the switches S11 and S21 are turned off, and the second port of the switch network module (2) outputs the high level VC 2. At this stage, the switch SW1 is turned on and the switch SW2 is turned off, and the first inductor current I is at this stageL1The power is input from the power ground, and flows through a switch S22, a second capacitor C2, a switch S12, a first inductor L1, a switch SW1 and a second inductor current IL2From power ground, the current flows through the second inductor L2, the first capacitor C1 and the switch SW1 in sequence.
The first inductor current IL1And a second inductor current IL2Are all output to an external load through the second port of the auxiliary circuit module.
And repeating the first stage, the second stage, the third stage and the second stage by a period of 2X T. The duration of each of the first stage and the third stage is D T, the duration of the second stage is D '. T, D'. sub.1-D. When the converter works stably, the average value VC2 of the voltage across the second capacitor C2 is Vin/2. Therefore, the second port of the switch network module (2) outputs a periodic square wave with a high level of Vin/2 and a low level of 0 (ground). The high-level duty ratio of the periodic square wave is D, so that the converter can stably work with the input voltage Vin and the output voltageThe relationship of the voltage Vout is:
Figure BDA0002828890370000081
the switches S11, S12, S21, S22 are power MOSFETs, and the gates of the power MOSFETs are all loaded with independent control level signals to control the power MOSFETs to turn off or on.
In conclusion, the direct-current power converter provided by the invention can effectively improve the duty ratio of the buck converter and reduce the voltage withstanding grade of the switch, and can be applied to scenes with high voltage conversion ratios of 48V to 1V, 24V to 1V and the like.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and all of them should be covered by the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter, characterized in that the dc power converter comprises a switching network module, a first inductor (L1) and an auxiliary circuit module;
the auxiliary circuit module comprises a first capacitor (C1), a first switch (SW1), a second switch (SW2), and a second inductor (L2), a first port of the first capacitor and a first port of the first switch being coupled in common to a first port of the auxiliary circuit module, a second port of the first switch and a first port of the second switch being coupled in common to a second port of the auxiliary circuit module, a second port of the first capacitor and a second port of the second switch being coupled in common to a first common node, a first port of the second inductor being coupled to the first common node, a second port being coupled to a third port of the auxiliary circuit module;
a first port of the switch network module is coupled to an external direct current power supply voltage, a second port is coupled to a first port of the first inductor, and a third port is coupled to a power ground; a second port of the first inductor is coupled to a first port of the auxiliary circuit module; the auxiliary circuit module has a second port coupled to an output voltage and a third port coupled to a power ground.
2. The converter according to claim 1, wherein the switch network module is a network module consisting of a plurality of switches or a plurality of switches and capacitors, and is configured to output a periodic square wave.
3. The high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter according to claim 1, wherein the first switch is a power MOSFET and the second switch is a power MOSFET or a rectifier diode; wherein, the rated source-drain breakdown voltage BV of the power MOSFETDSS>Vout/D, reverse repetitive peak voltage of rectifier diode VRRM>Vout/D。
4. The converter according to claim 1, wherein when the second port of the switch network module outputs a high level, the first switch is turned on, the second switch is turned off, and the first capacitor is in a discharging state; when the second port of the switch network module outputs a low level, the first switch is turned off, the second switch is turned on, and the first capacitor is in a charging state.
5. The converter according to claim 1, wherein a level of the first port of the first capacitor is higher than a level of the second port of the first capacitor, and an average value VC1 of voltages across the first capacitor is Vout/D, where Vout is a voltage output from the second port of the auxiliary circuit module and D is a high-level duty cycle of the periodic square wave.
6. The high voltage conversion ratio dc power converter according to claim 1, wherein the capacitance of the first capacitor
Figure FDA0002828890360000021
Wherein Iout is a load current, Ton is a minimum switch on-time of the first switch, Vout is a voltage output by the second port of the auxiliary circuit module, D is a high-level duty ratio of the periodic square wave, D 'is a low-level duty ratio of the periodic square wave, and D + D' is 1.
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CN114244137A (en) * 2021-12-21 2022-03-25 西南交通大学 Control method of LLC resonant matrix converter based on alternating current link
CN114744869A (en) * 2022-04-14 2022-07-12 电子科技大学 Three-level step-down DC converter

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