CN112649735A - Method for rapidly obtaining total capacity of battery pack - Google Patents
Method for rapidly obtaining total capacity of battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- CN112649735A CN112649735A CN201910963678.2A CN201910963678A CN112649735A CN 112649735 A CN112649735 A CN 112649735A CN 201910963678 A CN201910963678 A CN 201910963678A CN 112649735 A CN112649735 A CN 112649735A
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of a battery pack, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring target battery reference curve data and battery nominal capacity Capinitial(ii) a S2, processing the battery reference curve data, and recording the capacity or charging capacity of the battery at the characteristic value position; s3, calculating a relation coefficient between the capacity and the total capacity among the characteristic values of the batteries; s4, processing the battery pack charging curve, and recording the charging capacity of the battery at the characteristic value position; and S5, calculating the capacities among the battery characteristic values obtained in the step S4, and calculating the capacities of all the single batteries of the battery pack one by one according to the relation coefficient in the step S3. The method is applicable to the normal charging process of the battery pack, does not influence the work input and output of the battery, only needs to acquire the SOC-OCV curve data of the battery or a historical charging curve and the nominal capacity of the battery in advance, does not need to additionally test battery parameters, and can obtain the total capacity of all single batteries in the battery pack in real time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of a battery pack.
Background
The invention relates to the capacity of all single batteries in a battery pack, in particular to the capacity of all single batteries in a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of single batteries in series. Lithium ion batteries have been widely used in the fields of electric vehicles, electrochemical energy storage, 3C electronic products, and the like, because of their advantages of high energy, high battery voltage, wide operating temperature range, long storage life, and the like. The effective capacity of the battery is related to the continuous working time of the battery, the resistance value of the battery is closely related to the instant charging and discharging capacity of the battery, and in addition, in the battery packs which are connected in series into a group, the capacity distribution of the single batteries is closely related to the consistency of the battery packs.
The capacity of a lithium ion battery is one of important performance indexes for measuring the performance of the battery, and it represents the amount of electricity discharged by the battery (JS-150D can be used for discharge test) under certain conditions (discharge rate, temperature, end voltage, etc.), that is, the capacity of the battery is usually expressed in ampere-hour units (abbreviated as a · H, 1A · H is 3600C). In the lithium ion battery in the actual use process, the situation that the battery is fully charged and discharged basically does not exist, and the total capacity of the battery is difficult to know, so that the estimation of the battery and the nuclear power State (SOC) is influenced, the accurate real-time calculation of the capacity of the battery is realized, and the lithium ion battery has important significance for the safety management of the battery.
The invention discloses a Chinese patent (patent number: CN109342955A, patent name: a method and a system for calculating the capacity of a lithium ion battery). according to the method, the discharge capacity of the lithium ion battery at the experimental temperature is obtained by performing discharge tests on the lithium ion battery at n experimental temperatures, a model is established by combining an Arrhenius formula, and the battery capacity value at any temperature point is calculated. The method needs n discharge tests in advance, is complex to operate, can only calculate the capacity value of the battery at different temperatures, cannot accurately calculate the capacity value of the battery after aging, and is poor in practicability.
The invention discloses a Chinese patent (patent number: CN 108152747A, patent name: detection method and device of storage battery capacity), which is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of obtaining a measured value of a storage battery discharge parameter of a wind generating set in the process of supplying power and changing the pitch by using the storage battery; and detecting the current capacity of the storage battery according to the measured value and a functional relation constructed by the storage battery test by utilizing the discharge parameters. The method needs to carry out a large number of storage battery tests before use to construct a relational database of measured values and battery capacity, calculates the required measured values by capturing appropriate discharge parameters in the actual use process, and evaluates the current capacity of the storage battery by searching the corresponding capacity in the database prepared in advance. The method needs to establish a relational database in advance, and has troublesome actual application and high cost; and due to the nonlinear characteristic of the battery, in the implementation process, whether the corresponding relation between the capacity of the storage battery and the corresponding measured value is established or not is judged, and the accuracy of the result is lack of data support.
The invention patent of China (patent number: CN108732508, patent name: a real-time estimation method of lithium ion battery capacity) obtains a charging data-real-time capacity VS voltage curve in a standard capacity test through a battery durability test, and then performs data fitting on the curve for difference. The peak position and the size in the difference result curve have correlation with the residual capacity of the battery, and the battery capacity can be estimated by comparing the difference curve in the initial condition and the certain time condition. The method requires a durability test for the battery, and the method has poor practical operability; the peak value of the difference result curve is related to a data screening processing method, and the error is large.
Chinese patent (patent No. CN109031153, patent name: a method for estimating the state of health of lithium ion battery online), this method passes the test of short-term cycle life, as the initial parameter of model training, utilize the capacity increment analysis method, extract a plurality of characteristic parameters from the curve of capacity increment, form the characteristic parameter set, carve the state of health of the battery, and regard the value of the characteristic parameter as the model output of the regression model method of the multiple output Gaussian process, finish the online assessment to the capacity of the battery. The method needs to carry out cycle life test, and practical application has difficulty.
Disclosure of Invention
A method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of a battery pack is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
s1, aiming at the target lithium ion battery, acquiring battery reference curve data and battery nominal capacity Capinitial；
S2, processing the lithium ion battery reference curve data, and recording the capacity or charging capacity of the battery at the characteristic value position;
s3, calculating a relation coefficient between the capacity and the total capacity among the characteristic values of the batteries;
s4, processing the battery pack charging curve, and recording the capacity or charging capacity of the battery at the characteristic value position;
and S5, calculating the capacities among the battery characteristic values obtained in the step S4, and calculating the capacities of all the single batteries of the battery pack one by one according to the relation coefficient in the step S3.
The battery reference curve data in step S1 may be battery SOC-OCV curve data obtained from a manufacturer, or may be historical charging curve data.
In step S2, the processing is performed on the lithium ion battery reference curve data, and the capacity or the charging capacity of the battery at the characteristic value position is recorded: according to the type of the battery material, data with SOC greater than 20% are obtained for the lithium iron phosphate battery, a capacity increment curve with SOC as a horizontal coordinate is obtained, and a calculation formula is
Extracting a characteristic value, wherein the position of the characteristic value is the maximum position in the capacity increment curve, and recording the capacity Q or the charging capacity Q' corresponding to the position of the characteristic value; for the ternary material battery, the data with SOC greater than 20% is taken to obtain d with voltage as abscissa2Q/dV2Curve, the calculation formula is
Extracting the feature value, the position of the feature value is
And recording the capacity Q or the charging capacity Q' corresponding to the characteristic value position; q ═ SOC Capinitial；
Wherein: q is the battery capacity, Q' is the charge capacity, dQ is the differential of the capacity, d2Q is the second differential of the capacity, Δ QkIs the difference in capacity between adjacent samples, V is the voltage of the cell, dV is the differential of the voltage, dV2Is the second order differential of the voltage, Δ VkFor the difference in voltage between adjacent samples, Δ Q for each sample point kk＝Qk-Qk-1，ΔVk＝Vk-Vk-1，ΔQk-1＝Qk-1-Qk-2，ΔVk-1＝Vk-1-Vk-2。
Wherein, the characteristic value of the battery reference curve has 2, namely a first characteristic value and a second characteristic value, and the capacity Q of the 1 st characteristic value position is recorded1Or charging capacity Q'1Capacity Q of the 2 nd eigenvalue position2Or charging capacity Q'2。
In step S3, a coefficient g of the relationship between the capacity and the total capacity between the battery characteristic values is calculated as Δ Q/Capinitial(ii) a Where Δ Q is the capacity difference between the 1 st characteristic value and the 2 nd characteristic value, Δ Q ═ Q2-Q1L, |; if historical charging curve data is used,then Δ Q ═ Q'2-Q‘1|。
Wherein, the step S4 is to process the battery pack charging curve, and the recording of the battery charging capacity at the characteristic value position specifically includes: and extracting data meeting the condition that delta V is larger than or equal to X in the charging process of the battery pack. According to the type of a battery material, data with SOC greater than 20% are taken for a lithium iron phosphate battery, a capacity increment analysis method is utilized, a characteristic value is extracted through a capacity increment curve with the SOC as an abscissa, and charging capacity corresponding to the position of the characteristic value is recorded; for the ternary material battery, the data with SOC greater than 20% is taken to obtain d with voltage as abscissa2Q/dV2A curve, extracting a characteristic value and recording the charging capacity corresponding to the position of the characteristic value; the charging capacity corresponding to the characteristic value comprises a charging capacity Q 'of the 1 st characteristic value position'1And a charging capacity Q 'of the 2 nd characteristic value position'2Wherein: q1Total capacity of battery, Q, for the 1 st characteristic value position2Is the total battery capacity of the 2 nd characteristic value position, Q'1Is the total battery capacity, Q 'of the 1 st characteristic value position'2The total battery capacity at the 2 nd eigenvalue position.
The step S5 is to calculate the capacities among the characteristic values of the batteries obtained in the step S4, and calculate the capacities of all the single batteries of the battery pack one by one according to the relationship coefficient in the step S3, specifically: calculating the capacity difference between the 1 st characteristic value and the 2 nd characteristic value of the battery pack, wherein the delta Q is | Q2-Q1|＝|Q’2-Q1' |, the total capacity of the battery pack is calculated according to the formula Cap ═ Δ Q/g, and g is the coefficient of the relationship between the capacity and the total capacity between the battery characteristic values obtained in claim 5.
Wherein the value range of X is more than or equal to 1mV and less than or equal to 1000 mV.
The charging curve of the battery pack may be the last charging curve, or may be a last charging curve extracted from the last 10 charging curves and combined with the last charging curve, so that a curve including 2 characteristic value points is formed.
The method comprises the following steps of extracting a charging curve from the charging curve of the last 10 times and combining the charging curve with the last time, firstly selecting a curve which has the same charging current as the charging current of the curve of the last time and has an environmental temperature difference smaller than 5 degrees from the charging curve of the last 10 times, then selecting a curve which can be combined with the curve of the last time to form a curve comprising two characteristic value position curves from the rest curves, and if a plurality of curves meet requirements, preferentially selecting the curve with the closest environmental temperature; if the ambient temperature is the same, the most recent charging profile, i.e. the profile closest in time to the last charging, is preferably selected.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the method is applicable to the normal charging process of the battery pack, and does not influence the working input and output of the battery; 2. the method only needs to acquire the SOC-OCV curve data of the battery or a historical charging curve and the nominal capacity of the battery in advance, and does not need to additionally test battery parameters; 3. the total capacity of the battery pack can be obtained in real time; 4. the total capacity of all the single batteries can be obtained without fully charging the batteries.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the error of the calculated capacity versus the true capacity of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, a method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of a battery pack, in which a battery in the battery pack may be a lithium iron phosphate battery or a ternary material battery; the battery pack can be a battery pack system formed by connecting a plurality of battery cells in parallel and then in series. Acquiring battery reference curve data and battery nominal capacity Cap aiming at a target lithium ion batteryinitial. The lithium ion battery reference curve data can be battery SOC-OCV curve data obtained from a manufacturer, and can also be historical charging curve data. The SOC-OCV curve data of the battery is obtained from a manufacturer, and the SOC value density is between 0.1% and 5%, including 0.1% and 5%. Processing curve data, extracting a characteristic value from a capacity increment curve by using a capacity increment analysis method according to the type of a battery material and taking data with SOC (State of Charge) more than 20% of the lithium iron phosphate battery, and recording a capacity Q or a charging capacity Q' corresponding to the position of the characteristic value; for threeObtaining data with SOC greater than 20% for the cell2Q/dV2And (5) extracting a characteristic value and recording the capacity Q or the charging capacity Q' corresponding to the position of the characteristic value by a curve. Q ═ SOC Capinitial。
Processing the data of a reference curve of the lithium iron phosphate battery, and obtaining a capacity increment curve with SOC as an abscissa, wherein the calculation formula is
Extracting a characteristic value, wherein the position of the characteristic value is the position of the maximum value in the capacity increment curve; processing the data of the reference curve of the ternary battery to obtain d with the voltage as the abscissa2Q/dV2Curve, the calculation formula is
Extracting the feature value, the position of the feature value is
The position of (a). For lithium iron phosphate or ternary batteries, in the interval of which the SOC is more than 20% and less than 100%, the characteristic values of the curves are all 2. Capacity Q for recording the 1 st eigenvalue position1Or charging capacity Q'1Capacity Q of the 2 nd eigenvalue position2Or charging capacity Q'2. Wherein: q is the battery capacity, Q' is the charge capacity, dQ is the differential of the capacity, d2Q is the second differential of the capacity, Δ QkIs the difference in capacity between adjacent samples, V is the voltage of the cell, dV is the differential of the voltage, dV2Is the second order differential of the voltage, Δ VkFor the difference in voltage between adjacent samples, Δ Q for each sample point kk＝Qk-Qk-1，ΔVk＝Vk-Vk-1，ΔQk-1＝Qk-1-Qk-2，ΔVk-1＝Vk-1-Vk-2；
Computing batteryCoefficient of relationship between capacity and total capacity between characteristic values, g ═ Δ Q/Capinitial(ii) a Where Δ Q is the capacity difference between the 1 st characteristic value and the 2 nd characteristic value, Δ Q ═ Q2-Q1L, |; if historical charging curve data is employed, then Δ Q ═ Q'2-Q‘1|。
And extracting data meeting the condition that delta V is larger than or equal to X in the charging process of the battery pack. The data includes voltage values of all the single batteries, charging time of the battery pack, charging capacity value of the battery pack and the like. The value range of X is more than or equal to 1mV and less than or equal to 1000 mV. According to the type of a battery material, data with SOC greater than 20% are taken for the lithium iron phosphate battery, a capacity increment analysis method is utilized, a characteristic value is extracted from a capacity increment curve, and the charging capacity corresponding to the position of the characteristic value is recorded; for ternary material battery, data with SOC greater than 20% is taken to obtain d2Q/dV2And (5) a curve, extracting the characteristic value and recording the charging capacity corresponding to the position of the characteristic value. Recording the charging capacity corresponding to the characteristic value position; the charging capacity corresponding to the characteristic value comprises a charging capacity Q 'of the 1 st characteristic value position'1And a charging capacity Q 'of the 2 nd characteristic value position'2Wherein: q1Total capacity of battery, Q, for the 1 st characteristic value position2Is the total battery capacity of the 2 nd characteristic value position, Q'1Is the total battery capacity, Q 'of the 1 st characteristic value position'2The total battery capacity at the 2 nd eigenvalue position.
Calculating the capacity difference between the 1 st characteristic value and the 2 nd characteristic value of the battery pack, wherein the delta Q is | Q2-Q1And | Δ Q also equals the 1 st to 2 nd eigenvalue charge capacities. If the charging curve of a specific time includes both the 1 st characteristic value and the 2 nd characteristic value, Δ Q ═ Q'2-Q’1L. If the single charging curve does not contain two characteristic value positions, the charging curve can be extracted from the charging curve of the last 10 times and combined with the last time to form a curve containing 2 characteristic value points. The two combined curves should meet the requirement that the charging current is the same and the temperature difference of the charging environment is less than 5 degrees, otherwise, the two curves are not combined.
And calculating the total capacity corresponding to the battery, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
Cap＝ΔQ/g。
the foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of a battery pack is characterized in that: comprises the following steps:
s1, aiming at the target lithium ion battery, acquiring battery reference curve data and battery nominal capacity Capinitial；
S2, processing the lithium ion battery reference curve data, and recording the capacity or charging capacity of the battery at the characteristic value position;
s3, calculating a relation coefficient between the capacity and the total capacity among the characteristic values of the batteries;
s4, processing the battery pack charging curve, and recording the capacity or charging capacity of the battery at the characteristic value position;
and S5, calculating the capacities among the battery characteristic values obtained in the step S4, and calculating the capacities of all the single batteries of the battery pack one by one according to the relation coefficient in the step S3.
2. The method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: the battery reference curve data in step S1 may be battery SOC-OCV curve data obtained from a manufacturer, or may be historical charging curve data.
3. The method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: the step of processing the lithium ion battery reference curve data in the step of S2And recording the capacity or charging capacity of the battery at the characteristic value position: according to the type of the battery material, data with SOC greater than 20% are obtained for the lithium iron phosphate battery, a capacity increment curve with SOC as a horizontal coordinate is obtained, and a calculation formula is
Extracting a characteristic value, wherein the position of the characteristic value is the maximum position in the capacity increment curve, and recording the capacity Q or the charging capacity Q' corresponding to the position of the characteristic value; for the ternary material battery, the data with SOC greater than 20% is taken to obtain d with voltage as abscissa2Q/dV2Curve, the calculation formula is
Extracting the feature value, the position of the feature value is
And recording the capacity Q or the charging capacity Q' corresponding to the characteristic value position; q ═ SOC Capinitial；
Wherein: q is the battery capacity, Q' is the charge capacity, dQ is the differential of the capacity, d2Q is the second differential of the capacity, Δ QkIs the difference in capacity between adjacent samples, V is the voltage of the cell, dV is the differential of the voltage, dV2Is the second order differential of the voltage, Δ VkFor the difference in voltage between adjacent samples, Δ Q for each sample point kk＝Qk-Qk-1，ΔVk＝Vk-Vk-1，ΔQk-1＝Qk-1-Qk-2，ΔVk-1＝Vk-1-Vk-2。
4. A method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of a battery pack according to claim 3, wherein: the characteristic value of the battery reference curve has 2, namely a first characteristic valueAnd a second characteristic value, recording the capacity Q of the 1 st characteristic value position1Or charging capacity Q'1Capacity Q of the 2 nd eigenvalue position2Or charging capacity Q'2。
5. The method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of the battery pack according to claim 4, wherein: in step S3, a coefficient of relationship g ═ Δ Q/Cap between the capacity and the total capacity between the battery characteristic values is calculatedinitial(ii) a Where Δ Q is the capacity difference between the 1 st characteristic value and the 2 nd characteristic value, Δ Q ═ Q2-Q1L, |; if historical charging curve data is employed, then Δ Q ═ Q'2-Q‘1|。
6. The method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of the battery pack according to claim 1, wherein: step S4 is to process the battery pack charging curve, and recording the battery charging capacity at the characteristic value position specifically includes: and extracting data meeting the condition that delta V is larger than or equal to X in the charging process of the battery pack. According to the type of a battery material, data with SOC greater than 20% are taken for a lithium iron phosphate battery, a capacity increment analysis method is utilized, a characteristic value is extracted through a capacity increment curve with the SOC as an abscissa, and charging capacity corresponding to the position of the characteristic value is recorded; for the ternary material battery, the data with SOC greater than 20% is taken to obtain d with voltage as abscissa2Q/dV2A curve, extracting a characteristic value and recording the charging capacity corresponding to the position of the characteristic value; the charging capacity corresponding to the characteristic value comprises a charging capacity Q 'of the 1 st characteristic value position'1And a charging capacity Q 'of the 2 nd characteristic value position'2Wherein: q1Total capacity of battery, Q, for the 1 st characteristic value position2Is the total battery capacity of the 2 nd characteristic value position, Q'1Is the total battery capacity, Q 'of the 1 st characteristic value position'2The total battery capacity at the 2 nd eigenvalue position.
7. A method for rapidly obtaining the total capacity of a battery pack according to claims 5 and 6, wherein: the step S5 is to calculate the capacity between the characteristic values of the batteries obtained in the step S4And calculating the capacities of all the single batteries of the battery pack one by one according to the relation coefficient in the step of S3, wherein the capacities are specifically as follows: calculating the capacity difference between the 1 st characteristic value and the 2 nd characteristic value of the battery pack, wherein the delta Q is | Q2-Q1|＝|Q'2-Q'1And calculating the total capacity of the battery pack according to a formula Cap ═ Δ Q/g, wherein g is a coefficient of relationship between the capacity and the total capacity between the battery characteristic values obtained in claim 5.
8. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the value range of X is more than or equal to 1mV and less than or equal to 1000 mV.
9. The method of claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the charging curve of the battery pack can be the charging curve of the latest time, or the charging curve extracted from the charging curves of the latest 10 times is combined with the latest time to form a curve containing 2 characteristic value points.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: extracting a charging curve from the charging curves of the last 10 times and combining the charging curve with the last time, firstly selecting a curve which has the same charging current as the charging current of the last curve and has an environmental temperature difference smaller than 5 degrees from the charging curves of the last 10 times, then selecting a curve which can be combined with the last curve to form a curve containing two characteristic value position curves from the rest curves, and if a plurality of curves meet the requirements, preferentially selecting the curve with the closest environmental temperature; if the ambient temperature is the same, the most recent charging profile, i.e. the profile closest in time to the last charging, is preferably selected.
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