CN113359038A - Lithium ion battery discharge and connecting piece heat production verification method - Google Patents
Lithium ion battery discharge and connecting piece heat production verification method Download PDFInfo
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- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for verifying discharge of a lithium ion battery and heat production of a connecting piece of the lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: the lithium ion battery is placed in a constant temperature and natural convection environment; carrying out charge and discharge tests on the lithium ion battery under different temperature conditions; collecting the temperature rise of the position of the average temperature point on the surface of the lithium ion battery and the data of the cooling process; simulating and separating the chemical heat production of the battery and the internal resistance heat production of the resistor; converting the temperature rise data into the heat generation rate of the cell body; and (4) carrying out contact resistance test on the lithium ion battery tab and the connecting piece to obtain the heat generation rate of the lithium ion battery contact resistance. According to the technical scheme, the heat production quantity of the battery and the battery connecting piece under the working condition is measured, the heat data is simulated, the temperature distribution and the heat production under different using conditions are calculated, the thermal management of the battery is realized, and the service life consistency of the battery is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of heat production of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a method for verifying discharge of a lithium ion battery and heat production of a connecting piece of the lithium ion battery.
Background
Lithium ion batteries have emerged in the early 90 s of the 20 th century, and technology for lithium ion batteries has seen unprecedented development in as little as twenty years. At present, the performance of lithium ion batteries, whether specific energy, specific power, working voltage or service life, is better than that of lead-acid batteries and nickel-hydrogen batteries, and the lithium ion batteries gradually become the development direction of power batteries. With the improvement of the safety performance and the low-temperature discharge performance of the lithium ion battery, more and more electric vehicles using the lithium ion power battery as a power source are provided, and the application prospect is very wide. However, as a chemical power source, a lithium ion battery is accompanied by complicated chemical and electrochemical reaction processes and material transmission processes during charging and discharging, and the heat generated in the reaction processes and other factors jointly affect the change of the battery temperature.
Data show that during the rapid charge and discharge process of the power lithium ion battery, ions and electrons are transferred inside the power lithium ion battery, and a large amount of heat is generated. At present, heat production test patents all need to adopt an adiabatic calorimeter, and the battery rate discharge temperature rise can be reduced by a suitable battery external tab connection mode without considering battery discharge except the heat production of a battery body. There is a need for a suitable method to effectively verify the heat generated by the battery discharge.
Chinese patent document CN105242213B discloses a method for simultaneously testing reversible and irreversible heat generation of a lithium ion battery. The reversible and irreversible heat production of the lithium ion battery under a certain charge state, a certain temperature and a certain charge and discharge current is tested by combining an adiabatic acceleration calorimeter and a charge and discharge tester. The technical scheme only analyzes the heat production of the battery, and does not consider that the battery discharges except the heat production of the battery body, and the temperature rise of the battery multiplying power discharge can be reduced by a proper battery external tab connection mode.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly solves the technical problem of analyzing the one-sided heat production of a battery by the original technical scheme, and provides a method for verifying the discharge of a lithium ion battery and the heat production of a connecting piece of the lithium ion battery.
The technical problem of the invention is mainly solved by the following technical scheme: the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) the lithium ion battery is placed in a constant temperature and natural convection environment;
(2) carrying out charge and discharge tests on the lithium ion battery under different temperature conditions;
(3) collecting the temperature rise of the position of the average temperature point on the surface of the lithium ion battery and the data of the cooling process;
(4) simulating and separating the chemical heat production of the battery and the internal resistance heat production of the resistor;
(5) converting the temperature rise data into the heat generation rate of the cell body;
(6) and (4) carrying out contact resistance test on the lithium ion battery tab and the connecting piece to obtain the heat generation rate of the lithium ion battery contact resistance.
Preferably, in the step 2, the lithium ion battery is discharged at first, so that the voltage drop of the contact resistance between the battery and the test line is ensured not to be collected by the voltage collecting line, then the lithium ion battery is charged and discharged for multiple times according to the required test working condition, and the DCR value of the lithium ion battery under different SOC conditions is tested.
Preferably, the step 3 acquires a charge-discharge curve and a temperature rise curve under the condition of the working condition to be tested, shelves and cools the charged and discharged materials to acquire cooling process data, and generates a temperature drop curve in a shelving stage.
Preferably, the step 4 specifically comprises: and analyzing a battery charging and discharging curve corresponding to a temperature rise curve and a temperature drop curve in a laying stage to obtain the convection heat coefficient under the required condition in the battery testing environment, and deducing the total heat production of the battery according to a battery heat production-heat dissipation balance equation and the temperature rise curve. And analyzing a temperature rise curve corresponding to the battery charging and discharging curve and a temperature reduction curve in the shelving stage, wherein the heat integral comprises a temperature curve rise and a temperature reduction stage in the shelving stage. Heat generation is a slow heat transfer process. Analysis of the heat transferred out during the resting stage is therefore required.
Preferably, the step 4 is to obtain a value of the convective heat transfer coefficient h:
h, after the calculation, the battery temperature is known as hot melt Cp, the battery mass M, the ambient temperature Ten, the battery heating power is represented by Q, and the derivative dTav/dt of the battery temperature to time is represented by the following formula:
and solving delta Tav/delta t instead of a temperature-time derivative dTav/dt by using a function curve of the actually measured Tav to time t to obtain a battery heating power Q, and performing time integration on the function Q to obtain the total heating value W.
Preferably, the step 5 is to perform three-dimensional resistance modeling analysis on the internal structure of the lithium ion battery and to obtain the heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery according to ohm's law and the principle of calculus.
Preferably, in the step 6, the lithium ion battery is set at a constant temperature, in a natural convection environment, the voltage drop of the contact resistance between the battery and the test line is collected by the voltage collecting line, the DCR value of the lithium ion battery is tested for multiple times under the same SOC condition, and the size of the contact resistance and the change rate of the contact resistance are calculated.
Preferably, the temperature range required by the constant temperature in the step 1 comprises-50 ℃ to 60 ℃, the natural convection environment requires that all surfaces of the battery are in a natural convection state, only not more than 2% of the area is allowed to be in contact with the heat insulating material, and the battery support is in a suspended state. So as to conveniently obtain the required parameters of the battery under different temperature states.
Preferably, the interval time between the charging and discharging in the step 2 is 0.5h to 12 h. The interval time guarantees that the battery generates heat during charging or completely dissipates heat to the test environment under the discharge working condition, and no heat is accumulated in the battery.
Preferably, in the process of performing the charge-discharge temperature rise test on the lithium ion battery in the step 3, the temperature acquisition time interval is less than 10 seconds, and is optimally selected to be 1 second.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the lithium ion battery is placed under a stable natural convection condition, the lithium ion battery is subjected to charge and discharge tests under different temperature conditions, the temperature rise of the average temperature point position on the surface of the battery and cooling process data are collected, the temperature rise data are converted into the heat production rate of the battery core body, the contact resistance test is carried out on the battery lug and the connecting piece, and the heat production rate of the battery contact resistance is obtained, so that the heat production quantity of the battery and the battery connecting piece under the working condition is measured, then the heat data are simulated, the temperature distribution and the heat production under different use conditions can be calculated, the heat management is used for heat management and the service life consistency of the battery is guaranteed, the heat production test of an expensive calorimeter is not needed, the heat production equation of the battery is greatly simplified, and the temperature prediction of a battery.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the temperature rise of the battery A at 25 ℃ and the simulation curve.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the temperature rise of the battery A at 35 ℃ and the simulation curve.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the temperature rise of the battery A at 45 ℃ and the simulation curve.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the 60 ℃ cyclic core temperature rise of a B-cell of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a 60 ℃ circulating tab temperature rise diagram of a B battery of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a 60 ℃ cycle temperature profile of a B-cell of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a 48V 20Ah module temperature profile of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a temperature profile of a 48V 20Ah module according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further specifically described by the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings.
Example (b): the lithium ion battery discharge and connecting piece heat production verification method of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) the lithium ion battery is placed in a constant temperature and natural convection environment. The temperature range required by the constant temperature comprises-50 ℃ to 60 ℃ so as to conveniently obtain the required parameters of the battery under different temperature states. The natural convection environment requires that each surface of the battery is in a natural convection state, only not more than 2% of the area is allowed to contact with the heat insulating material, and the battery support is in a suspended state.
(2) The method comprises the steps of carrying out charging and discharging tests on the lithium ion battery under different temperature conditions, discharging the lithium ion battery at first, ensuring that the voltage drop of contact resistance of the battery and a test line is not collected by a voltage collecting line, then carrying out multiple charging and discharging on the lithium ion battery according to the required test working condition conditions, and testing the DCR value of the lithium ion battery under different SOC conditions. The charging and discharging interval time is 0.5h to 12 h. The interval time guarantees that the battery generates heat during charging or completely dissipates heat to the test environment under the discharge working condition, and no heat is accumulated in the battery.
(3) Collecting the temperature rise of the average temperature point position on the surface of the lithium ion battery and the data of the cooling process, acquiring a charge-discharge curve and a temperature rise curve under the condition of the required test working condition, shelving and cooling the charged and discharged battery to acquire the data of the cooling process, and generating a shelving stage cooling curve. In the process of carrying out charging and discharging temperature rise test on the lithium ion battery, the temperature acquisition time interval is less than 10 seconds, and the optimal selection time is 1 second.
(4) Carry out simulation and separation to battery chemistry heat production and resistance internal resistance heat production, specifically include: and analyzing a battery charging and discharging curve corresponding to a temperature rise curve and a temperature drop curve in a laying stage to obtain the convection heat coefficient under the required condition in the battery testing environment, and deducing the total heat production of the battery according to a battery heat production-heat dissipation balance equation and the temperature rise curve. Obtaining a convective heat transfer coefficient h value:
h, after the calculation, the battery temperature is known as hot melt Cp, the battery mass M, the ambient temperature Ten, the battery heating power is represented by Q, and the derivative dTav/dt of the battery temperature to time is represented by the following formula:
and solving delta Tav/delta t instead of a temperature-time derivative dTav/dt by using a function curve of the actually measured Tav to time t to obtain a battery heating power Q, and performing time integration on the function Q to obtain the total heating value W. The Q average value is Qav, or the Q function can be segmented and averaged, Q1, Q2 … Qn. And loading Q1 and Q2 … Qn into the thermal model in a segmented manner to obtain a T simulation 1 temperature rise curve, and loading Qav into the thermal model to obtain a T simulation 2 temperature rise curve. And analyzing a temperature rise curve corresponding to the battery charging and discharging curve and a temperature reduction curve in the shelving stage, wherein the heat integral comprises a temperature curve rise and a temperature reduction stage in the shelving stage. Heat generation is a slow heat transfer process. Analysis of the heat transferred out during the resting stage is therefore required.
(5) And converting the temperature rise data into the heat generation rate of the cell body, firstly carrying out three-dimensional resistance modeling analysis on the internal structure of the lithium ion battery, and then calculating the heat generated by the internal resistance of the battery according to ohm's law and the calculus principle.
(6) And (4) carrying out contact resistance test on the lithium ion battery tab and the connecting piece to obtain the heat generation rate of the lithium ion battery contact resistance. And (3) setting the lithium ion battery at a constant temperature, in a natural convection environment, collecting the voltage drop of the contact resistance between the battery and a test line by a voltage collecting line, testing the DCR value of the lithium ion battery for multiple times under the same SOC condition, and calculating the size of the contact resistance and the change rate of the contact resistance.
Test example 1:
selecting a polymer type A battery cell, discharging, testing the battery capacity by charging and discharging at 25 ℃, 35 ℃ and 45 ℃ at 0.33 ℃, fully charging at the corresponding temperature, and performing work condition test. And (3) placing the temperature probe at the point closest to the average temperature of the surface, and collecting a temperature rise curve in the test process at a time interval of 1 second. And after the operation working condition of the battery is finished, the standing time is more than 40 min. After the test is finished, the temperature curve of the cooling section is processed according to the formula (1) to obtain the value of the convective heat transfer coefficient h:
h, after the calculation, the battery temperature is represented by the formula (2) when the battery ratio Cp, the battery mass M, the ambient temperature Ten and the battery heating power are known, and the derivative dTav/dt of the battery temperature to time is represented by Q.
The heating power of the battery of the mode (2) is easily obtained by Q by using a curve of the measured Tav as a function of the time t to obtain delta Tav/delta t instead of the derivative of the temperature as a function of the time dTav/delta t. The function Q is integrated with time to obtain the total heating value W, the average value of Q is Qav, or the Q function can be segmented to obtain the average value Q1 and Q2 … Qn. Q1 and Q2 … Qn are loaded into the thermal model in a segmented manner, and T is obtainedSimulation 1Temperature rise curve, Qav is loaded into the thermal model to obtain TSimulation 2Temperature rise curve. Will actually measure the temperature rise curve TMeasured in factDischarge regime TSimulation 1And TSimulation 2Are shown in fig. 1, 2 and 3.
As can be seen from fig. 1, 2, and 3, this method is feasible. The difference between the simulated temperature rise and the actually measured temperature rise is within 5 percent. Test example 1 was effective in verifying the heat generation amount of the battery body.
Test example 2:
selecting a polymer model B battery cell, performing 1/3C charging and discharging SOH test in an environment of 60 ℃, charging at 12A, and performing 80A discharging circulation. And obtaining the temperature rise of the battery body and the temperature rise of the lug. See fig. 4, 5, respectively.
The total heat production amount of the battery core body of the battery cell B can be easily calculated, the total heat is about 0.771wh, the total value of the contact resistance of a battery tab is 0.15m omega, the current is 80A, the discharge time is 303.6S, the heat production power of the tab is about 0.96w, and the total heat production amount is 0.081 wh. The temperature distribution map at the time of completion of discharge of battery 80A is calculated as shown in fig. 6.
FIG. 6 shows the external fixture for battery, the internal temperature distribution of the fixture is 61.4-63.2 deg.C, and the tab temperature distribution is 61.98-66.07 deg.C. And the actual measurement is matched with the simulation.
Test example 3:
and C battery monomers and the 48V 20Ah battery module formed by connecting the monomers are subjected to discharge temperature rise test and simulation, and the simulated temperature distribution and the actual temperature distribution are shown in the figure 7 and the figure 8. The experimental results show that the heat obtained by measuring the heat in fig. 7 is substituted into the simulated temperature distribution obtained by calculating in fig. 8, and the method can obtain accurate heat generation data. Under the conditions of obtaining accurate experimental data and accurately simulating, the method can be popularized to wider use conditions, and provides a basis for thermal management.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Although the terms charge-discharge curve, temperature rise curve, heat generation rate, etc. are used more often herein, the possibility of using other terms is not excluded. These terms are used merely to more conveniently describe and explain the nature of the present invention; they are to be construed as being without limitation to any additional limitations that may be imposed by the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A lithium ion battery discharge and connecting piece heat production verification method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the lithium ion battery is placed in a constant temperature and natural convection environment;
(2) carrying out charge and discharge tests on the lithium ion battery under different temperature conditions;
(3) collecting the temperature rise of the position of the average temperature point on the surface of the lithium ion battery and the data of the cooling process;
(4) simulating and separating the chemical heat production of the battery and the internal resistance heat production of the resistor;
(5) converting the temperature rise data into the heat generation rate of the cell body;
(6) and (4) carrying out contact resistance test on the lithium ion battery tab and the connecting piece to obtain the heat generation rate of the lithium ion battery contact resistance.
2. The lithium ion battery discharging and connecting piece heat generation verification method according to claim 1, wherein step 2 is to discharge the lithium ion battery at first, to ensure that the voltage drop of the contact resistance between the battery and the test line is not collected by the voltage collection line, then to perform multiple charging and discharging according to the required test condition, and to test the DCR value of the lithium ion battery under different SOC conditions.
3. The lithium ion battery discharging and connecting piece heat production verification method of claim 2, wherein the step 3 obtains a charging and discharging curve and a temperature rise curve under a condition of a required test working condition, shelves and cools the charged and discharged to obtain cooling process data, and generates a shelf stage cooling curve.
4. The lithium ion battery discharge and connecting member heat generation verification method according to claim 1, wherein the step 4 specifically comprises: and analyzing a battery charging and discharging curve corresponding to a temperature rise curve and a temperature drop curve in a laying stage to obtain the convection heat coefficient under the required condition in the battery testing environment, and deducing the total heat production of the battery according to a battery heat production-heat dissipation balance equation and the temperature rise curve.
5. The lithium ion battery discharge and connecting piece heat generation verification method according to claim 4, wherein the convective heat transfer coefficient h value is obtained in the step 4:
h, after the calculation, the battery temperature is known as hot melt Cp, the battery mass M, the ambient temperature Ten, the battery heating power is represented by Q, and the derivative dTav/dt of the battery temperature to time is represented by the following formula:
and solving delta Tav/delta t instead of a temperature-time derivative dTav/dt by using a function curve of the actually measured Tav to time t to obtain a battery heating power Q, and performing time integration on the function Q to obtain the total heating value W.
6. The lithium ion battery discharging and connecting piece heat generation verification method according to claim 1, wherein the step 5 is used for performing three-dimensional resistance modeling analysis on the internal structure of the lithium ion battery, and solving the internal resistance heat generation of the battery according to ohm's law and the calculus principle.
7. The lithium ion battery discharging and connecting piece heat generation verification method according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the lithium ion battery is set at a constant temperature, in a natural convection environment, the voltage drop of the contact resistance between the battery and a test line is collected by a voltage collection line, the DCR value of the lithium ion battery is tested for multiple times under the same SOC condition, and the contact resistance change rate are calculated.
8. The method for verifying lithium ion battery discharge and heat generation of the connecting piece thereof according to claim 1, wherein the constant temperature in step 1 is in a temperature range of-50 ℃ to 60 ℃, and the natural convection environment requires that all surfaces of the battery are in a natural convection state, only not more than 2% of the area is allowed to be in contact with the heat insulating material, and the battery is supported in a suspended state.
9. The method for verifying heat generation of lithium ion battery discharge and the connecting member thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein the interval time between charge and discharge in step 2 is 0.5h to 12 h.
10. The method for verifying lithium ion battery discharging and connecting piece heat production according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, in the process of performing charging and discharging temperature rise test on the lithium ion battery, the temperature acquisition time interval is less than 10 seconds, and is optimally selected to be 1 second.
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| CN114374010A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-04-19 | 浙江大学嘉兴研究院 | Method for measuring heat production amount of cylindrical lithium ion battery |
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