CN112647018B - Low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for highway guardrail and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for highway guardrail and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
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- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of production and manufacturing of structural steel for highway guardrails, in particular to low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for highway guardrails and a preparation method thereof. The structural steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c is less than or equal to 0.12 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.65 percent; mn is less than or equal to 1.20 percent; p: 0.07-0.12%; s is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; cu: 0.20-0.55%; cr: 0.30-1.25%; ni: 0.12-0.65%; nb is less than or equal to 0.03 percent; less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Al and the balance of Fe. On the basis of the existing low-alloy high-strength weathering steel, the compactness of a rust layer is improved by optimizing the element P, so that the weathering resistance of the structural steel is improved; the Cr content is increased, the compactness of a rust layer and the pearlite content are increased, and the weather resistance and the mechanical property of the structural steel are improved; the Nb element is increased, the grain size of the steel is refined, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the material is improved. The invention can meet the requirements of the highway guardrail on weather resistance and strength performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of production and manufacturing of structural steel for highway guardrails, in particular to low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for highway guardrails and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The anti-collision guardrail on the highway is used as an important traffic safety facility, and has important significance for preventing accidents, reducing the severity of the accidents and effectively guaranteeing the life and property safety of people. The three-level (A), namely 160kj guardrail plate in road traffic safety facility design Specification JTGD81-2017 implemented in 1 month and 1 year in 2018 in China is large in three-wave beam steel consumption, and accordingly construction cost of the expressway is increased. At present, most of the road guardrails made of traditional materials use steel with 235 MPa-grade yield strength, and have lower strength and larger material consumption; meanwhile, the method needs to adopt anti-corrosion treatment modes such as hot-dip galvanizing and plastic spraying after galvanizing, so that the cost is high, and a large amount of environmental pollution sources are brought.
The weathering steel has the characteristics of high-quality toughness, ductility, forming, welding and cutting, corrosion, high temperature, fatigue and the like, the weather resistance is 2-8 times that of ordinary carbon steel, the coating property is 1.5-10 times that of the ordinary carbon steel, and the weather steel with high weather resistance level and high P, Cr content has better atmospheric corrosion resistance. In the national standard GB/T4171-2008 of China, the strength grade of the high weather-resistant grade weathering steel is Q355GNH high weather-resistant structural steel with the highest yield strength of 355MPa grade, and the high weather-resistant structural steel with higher strength grade is still blank at home. The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel is introduced to serve as a construction material of the highway guardrail, the steel consumption of the guardrail is reduced while the safety technical index of the guardrail is improved, the characteristic that the high-weather-resistance steel can resist corrosion without galvanizing (or coating) treatment is fully utilized, the production cost of the guardrail is reduced, the service life of the guardrail is prolonged, and good economic benefits and environmental protection effects are achieved for reducing the maintenance management cost and reducing the environmental pollution caused by corrosion resistance treatment.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to provide low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for a road guardrail and a preparation method thereof, which aim to solve the technical problem that the existing technology has no high-weather-resistance structural steel in the grade of 415MPa of yield strength, thereby solving the domestic blank of industry.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c is less than or equal to 0.12 percent; si is less than or equal to 0.65 percent; mn is less than or equal to 1.20 percent; p: 0.07-0.12%; s is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; cu: 0.20-0.55%; cr: 0.30-1.25%; ni: 0.12-0.65%; nb is less than or equal to 0.03 percent; less than or equal to 0.05 percent of Al and the balance of Fe.
The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.06-0.10%; si: 0.25-0.45%; mn: 0.80-1.20%; p: 0.07-0.10%; s is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; cu: 0.25-0.40%; cr: 0.30-1.25%; ni: 0.12-0.65%; nb: 0.02-0.03%; al: 0.04-0.05% and the balance Fe.
The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail has the structural characteristic of a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite.
The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail contains 5-25% of pearlite by volume.
The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail has the room-temperature yield strength of more than 415MPa, the tensile strength of 580-700 MPa, the elongation of more than or equal to 26 percent and the reduction of area of more than or equal to 70 percent.
The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail is preferably characterized in that the yield strength at room temperature is 488-532 MPa, the tensile strength is 609-653 MPa, the elongation is 27.5-33.5%, and the reduction of area is 70-75%.
The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail has the weight loss rate of 1.2-2.258 g/(m) after the structural steel is immersed in the water for 75 hours with accelerated corrosion2H), the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I is more than 7.0, and the grain size level of ferrite is between 10.0 and 10.5 grades.
The preparation method of the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail comprises the steps of smelting raw materials in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into cast ingots; forging and rolling the cast ingot to obtain the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel; wherein the forging and rolling process comprises the following steps:
1) heating the cast ingot to 1150 +/-20 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1-2 hours, forging the cast ingot into a plate blank in a forging machine, controlling the finish forging temperature to be more than 900 ℃, and then air-cooling the plate blank to room temperature;
2) heating the forging stock to 1050 +/-20 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1-2 h, rolling the forging stock into a plate in a two-roll hot rolling mill, controlling the final rolling temperature to be more than 880 ℃, and then air-cooling to room temperature.
The design idea of the invention is as follows:
the invention belongs to low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel, and the P element and the Cr element are increased to form a P-rich layer and a Cr-rich layer on the surface of a rust layer, so that the rust layer is stable and compact, and the weather resistance of the structural steel is improved; the Nb element is added, so that the grain size of steel is refined, and the comprehensive mechanical properties such as plastic toughness, low-temperature impact property and the like of the material are improved; the content of C and the content of Mn are controlled, the content of C is controlled to be 0.06-0.10%, the content of Mn is controlled to be 0.80-1.20%, and the C and the Mn are matched with other alloys, so that the volume content of pearlite in the material can be ensured to be 5-25%, the strength and the plasticity of the material can be controlled, and the strength and toughness matching of the structural steel can be ensured.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. on the basis of the existing low-alloy high-strength weathering steel, the compactness of a rust layer is improved by optimizing the element P, so that the weathering resistance of the structural steel is improved; the Cr content is increased, the compactness of a rust layer and the pearlite content are increased, and the weather resistance and the mechanical property of the structural steel are improved; the Nb element is increased, the grain size of the steel is refined, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the material is improved. Therefore, the requirements of the highway guardrail on weather resistance and strength performance can be met.
2. Compared with the conventional highway guardrail structural steel, the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel provided by the invention has the advantages that the strength is greatly improved, the plasticity is still kept at a good level, and the atmospheric corrosion resistance of the material reaches a high weather-resistance level. For example: the 75-hour period infiltration weight loss rate of the structural steel is 1.2-2.258 g/(m)2H), the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I is larger than 7.0, the ferrite grain size grade is between 10.0 and 10.5 grades, the yield strength can reach 532MPa, the tensile strength can reach 653MPa, and the elongation can reach 31.5%.
3. The alloy steel is used for the highway guardrail, so that the using amount of steel for manufacturing the guardrail can be reduced, and the cost is reduced; meanwhile, due to the excellent high weather resistance of the structural steel, the structural steel does not need hot-dip galvanizing, plastic spraying after galvanizing and other anti-corrosion treatment modes in the using process, the production cost is further reduced, the environmental pollution can be reduced, and the economic and social benefits are remarkable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an optical microstructure photograph of a low-alloy, high-strength, and high-weathering structural steel provided in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an optical microstructure photograph of the low alloy, high strength and high weather resistant structural steel provided in example 2;
Detailed Description
The following examples further illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the invention thereto.
In the embodiment of the invention, the raw material is smelted in a vacuum induction furnace and cast into an ingot; forging and rolling the cast ingot to obtain the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel; wherein the forging and rolling process comprises the following steps:
(1) smelting by adopting a vacuum induction furnace, casting 25Kg of cast ingot, heating the cast ingot to 1150 ℃ along with the furnace, preserving heat for 1h, forging the cast ingot into a 35mm plate blank with the thickness in a forging machine, wherein the finish forging temperature is 950 ℃, and then air cooling to room temperature;
(2) heating the plate blank to 1050 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1h, rolling the plate blank into plates with the thickness of 12mm and 3mm by using a hot rolling mill, carrying out final rolling at the temperature of 900 ℃, and then carrying out air cooling to room temperature.
As shown in Table 1, the compositions of the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel of the examples are mainly C, Mn and P. The examples were tested for tensile properties at room temperature and the results are given in Table 2.
Table 1 example low alloy high strength high weathering structural steel composition (wt.%, balance Fe)
C | Mn | Si | P | S | Cr | Cu | Ni | Nb | Al | |
Example 1 | 0.098 | 1.20 | 0.39 | 0.099 | 0.004 | 0.83 | 0.38 | 0.25 | 0.026 | 0.041 |
Example 2 | 0.07 | 1.12 | 0.41 | 0.081 | 0.004 | 0.82 | 0.36 | 0.22 | 0.025 | 0.042 |
Table 2 examples room temperature tensile property test results
Sample numbering | Yield strength MPa | Tensile strength MPa | Elongation percentage% | Reduction of area% |
Example 1 Components 1-1 | 494 | 632 | 27.5 | 70 |
Example 1 Components 1-2 | 488 | 629 | 31.0 | 71 |
Example 2 Components 2-1 | 532 | 653 | 31.5 | 71 |
Example 2 Components 2-2 | 512 | 647 | 29.5 | 70 |
As shown in Table 2, the tensile property test results show that the content of C is controlled to be less than 0.10 wt%, the content of Mn is controlled to be less than 1.20 wt%, the elongation of the material is more than 27.5%, the reduction of area is more than 70%, the yield strength is 488-532 MPa, and the tensile strength is 609-653 MPa.
As shown in fig. 1, the microstructure of the low-alloy high-strength high-weathering structural steel of example 1 is characterized by a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite, the volume content of pearlite is about 22%, the pearlite is distributed uniformly, the interlamellar spacing is small, and the ferrite is substantially equiaxed.
As shown in fig. 2, the microstructure of the low-alloy high-strength high-weatherability structural steel of example 2 is characterized by a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite, the volume content of pearlite is 19%, the pearlite distribution is uniform, the interlamellar spacing is small, and the ferrite is substantially equiaxed.
In example 1, the infiltration weight loss ratio of the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel in 75 hours is 1.687 g/(m)2H) an atmospheric corrosion resistance index I of 8.402 and a ferrite grain size grade of 10.5.
In example 2, the infiltration weight loss ratio of the low-alloy high-strength high-weatherability structural steel in 75 hours is 1.985 g/(m)2H) atmospheric corrosion resistance index I of 8.145, ferriteThe bulk grain size grade is grade 10.5.
The embodiment result shows that the invention can obtain higher strength and good plasticity by adding the weather-resistant element, refining the crystal grain element and controlling other elements, and simultaneously, the surface of the rust layer forms a P-rich layer and a Cr-rich layer by adding the weather-resistant element, thereby achieving the purposes of stabilizing and compacting the rust layer, improving the weather resistance of the structural steel and meeting the requirements of high strength and high weather resistance for the highway guardrail.
Claims (4)
1. The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass:
c: 0.06-0.10%; si: 0.25-0.45%; mn: 0.80-1.20%; p: 0.07-0.10%; s is less than or equal to 0.030 percent; cu: 0.25-0.40%; cr: 0.30-1.25%; ni: 0.12-0.65%; nb: 0.02-0.03%; al: 0.04-0.05% of Fe, and the balance of Fe;
the preparation method of the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail comprises the steps of smelting raw materials in a vacuum induction furnace, and casting into cast ingots; forging and rolling the cast ingot to obtain the low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel; wherein the forging and rolling process comprises the following steps:
1) heating the cast ingot to 1150 +/-20 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1-2 hours, forging the cast ingot into a plate blank in a forging machine, controlling the finish forging temperature to be more than 900 ℃, and then air-cooling the plate blank to room temperature;
2) heating the forging stock to 1050 +/-20 ℃ along with a furnace, preserving heat for 1-2 h, rolling the forging stock into a plate in a two-roll hot rolling mill, controlling the final rolling temperature to be more than 880 ℃, and then air-cooling to room temperature;
the yield strength at room temperature is 488-532 MPa, the tensile strength is 609-653 MPa, the elongation is 27.5-33.5%, and the reduction of area is 70-75%.
2. The low alloy high strength and high weather resistant structural steel for a road guardrail as claimed in claim 1, wherein the structural steel has a structure characterized by a mixed structure of ferrite and pearlite.
3. The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistant structural steel for road guardrails according to claim 2, wherein the pearlite content by volume is 5 to 25%.
4. The low-alloy high-strength high-weather-resistance structural steel for the highway guardrail according to claim 1, wherein the weight loss ratio of the structural steel after the one-cycle immersion accelerated corrosion for 75 hours is 1.2-2.258 g/(m)2H), the atmospheric corrosion resistance index I is more than 7.0, and the grain size level of ferrite is between 10.0 and 10.5 grades.
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