CN112643554B - Blade liquid shot blasting control method - Google Patents
Blade liquid shot blasting control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112643554B CN112643554B CN202011524567.0A CN202011524567A CN112643554B CN 112643554 B CN112643554 B CN 112643554B CN 202011524567 A CN202011524567 A CN 202011524567A CN 112643554 B CN112643554 B CN 112643554B
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- blade
- shot blasting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
- B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
- B24C1/10—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for compacting surfaces, e.g. shot-peening
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/10—Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working
Abstract
The invention aims to provide a blade liquid shot blasting control method, which comprises the following steps: (1) determining shot blasting saturation intensity and shot blasting parameters, (2) determining a shot jet indentation diameter, (3) determining outer contour coordinates of a blade, (4) determining a blade body shot blasting path, (5) setting a rotating speed, (6) determining a blade fillet path, and (7) performing liquid shot blasting on the blade. The invention reduces the damage risk of the shot on the surface of the part such as scratch and inlay, and the like, and the dispersion degree of the residual stress on the surface of the blade is small. The coefficient of variation of the residual compressive stress data after the shot blasting method is applied to the titanium alloy blade and the shot blasting method is 0.06, and the coefficient of variation of the residual compressive stress data after the shot blasting method is applied to the traditional shot blasting method is 0.10. After the method is implemented, the blade after shot blasting not only meets the surface quality requirement of the blade, but also has smaller surface residual stress dispersion degree, is more favorable for prolonging the fatigue life of the blade, and finally improves the reliability and durability of the whole gas turbine set.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a surface strengthening method, in particular to a surface strengthening method of a gas turbine.
Background
In the service process of the blade, the blade is acted by the vibration force and the centrifugal force of the mechanism and works in a high-temperature complex alternating load environment for a long time. The local stress and vibration generated by uneven stress in the operation process of the blade are the main reasons of surface crack initiation and early propagation of components, so that the fatigue failure of the blade is caused. The shot peening strengthening can effectively improve the fatigue strength of the components, thereby prolonging the service life of the whole mechanism.
In the traditional dry shot blasting process, the blade does not rotate or keeps a certain angle micromotion along with a spray gun when the blade shot blasting is controlled in a programmed mode. Because the shot kinetic energy is great, the continuous rotary shot blasting can cause blade scratching or shot embedding, the surface quality of parts is reduced, and the rotary shot blasting cannot be carried out. In addition, the residual stress discrete degree is great after the blade shot blasting of traditional mode, is unfavorable for the improvement of blade fatigue life.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a blade liquid shot blasting control method which not only meets the requirement of blade surface quality, but also has smaller degree of surface residual stress dispersion and is more beneficial to improving the fatigue life of the blade.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention discloses a blade liquid shot blasting control method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining shot peening saturation intensity and shot peening parameters: carrying out shot blasting treatment on a shot blasting test piece, establishing a curve of a spray gun speed and shot blasting intensity, calculating spray gun speeds corresponding to a saturation point and a saturation point of corresponding shot blasting parameters, selecting a spray gun speed V which is smaller than the saturation point as the spray gun speed in the blade shot blasting process, and determining the shot blasting parameters under the saturation intensity;
(2) determining the diameter of the shot jet indentation: preparing a flat test piece, fixing the flat test piece on a working rotary table, keeping the flat test piece relatively static, keeping a spray gun perpendicular to the test piece and aligning the spray gun to the center of the test piece, using the shot blasting parameters determined in the step (1), carrying out shot blasting on the test piece, measuring the approximate circle area of an indentation formed by shot blasting under the parameters after shot blasting, and estimating the diameter D of the indentation;
(3) identification of leavesCoordinates of the sheet outer contour: assembling the blade with the tool, then assembling with the equipment working turntable to form an assembly part, and respectively confirming the X-axis of the exhaust edge on the back side of the blade1、X2And the side inlet and outlet edge of the leaf basin are in X-axis3、X4Measuring the maximum value S of the distance of the abscissa, and calculating the ratio S/D, X1And X4The distance is the maximum distance S;
(4) determining a blade shot blasting path: after N equal parts of the maximum value S of the abscissa distance, determining the abscissa X for carrying out the 1 st section of shot blasting5The point of intersection with the leaf apex is the ordinate Y1The intersection point of the blade fillet is a vertical coordinate Y2In the blade (X)5、Y1) Starting the spraying, the spray gun vertically runs to (X) at a speed V5、Y2) Returning again at the same speed V (X)5、Y1) The spray gun being along the ordinate Y1Continuing to vertically reciprocate after the translation distance D is reached until the Nth reciprocating motion is completed;
(5) setting a rotation speed: in the blade body shot blasting process, the blades are always kept in a rotating state, and the rotating speed is R;
(6) determining the path at the fillet of the blade: confirming coordinates (X) of fillet at inlet and exhaust sides of blade back11、Y11)、(X12、Y12) And coordinates (X) of fillet at air inlet side and air outlet side of blade basin13、Y13)、(X14、Y14) During blade fillet peening, the blade is kept not to rotate, and the blade back side fillet peening is carried out at a speed V along point (X)11、Y11) Move to point (X)12、Y12) And then returns to the point (X)11、Y11) The point (X) along the velocity V when the round angle on the side of the blade basin is shot-blasted13、Y13) Move to point (X)14、Y14) And then returns to the point (X)13、Y13)；
(7) Liquid shot blasting of the blades; and (3) performing liquid shot blasting on the blades according to the steps, after one group of blades are processed, replacing the blades, performing liquid shot blasting on the blades according to the steps again until all the blades of the type are processed, and withdrawing the tool and cleaning the equipment for later use.
The present invention may further comprise:
1. before blade liquid peening, peening path verification and peening intensity verification are performed:
the steps (1) to (6) are compiled into a shot blasting program and are introduced into an equipment processing system, meanwhile, blades are clamped and placed in an equipment rotary table, the program is called to carry out shot-free operation, and shot blasting path verification is carried out; installing M shot blasting test pieces in quantity in a blade or a blade simulation piece which is not installed for use, verifying the shot blasting strength of the test pieces, calling a blade shot blasting program to verify whether the shot blasting strength meets the preset requirement or not, and performing liquid shot blasting on the blade after the shot blasting is qualified.
2. And the ratio of S/D is an integer N, wherein N is the number of processing sections required by the blade to meet the complete coverage rate.
3. The rotating speed R is 5-20R/min; the number M of the shot blasting test pieces is measured to be more than or equal to 2.
The invention has the advantages that: the method is used for controlling the shot blasting path and the moving track, reduces the damage risks of the shot such as scratching and inlaying the surface of the part, and has small dispersion degree of the residual stress on the surface of the blade. The coefficient of variation of the residual compressive stress data after the shot blasting method is applied to the titanium alloy blade and the shot blasting method is 0.06, and the coefficient of variation of the residual compressive stress data after the shot blasting method is applied to the traditional shot blasting method is 0.10. After the method is implemented, the blade after shot blasting not only meets the surface quality requirement of the blade, but also has smaller dispersion degree of surface residual stress, and is more beneficial to improving the fatigue life of the blade.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a blade body contour and point coordinates;
fig. 3a is a schematic diagram of a blade fillet contour and point location coordinates (a back side), and fig. 3b is a schematic diagram of a blade fillet contour and point location coordinates (a basin side).
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in more detail by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
referring to fig. 1 to 3b, the present invention provides a method for controlling liquid peening of blade, which is used for controlling a peening path and a moving track, and comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: determining shot blasting saturation intensity and shot blasting parameters;
according to the requirement of blade shot blasting, the shot blasting test piece is subjected to shot blasting treatment, a curve of the speed of the spray gun and the shot blasting intensity is established, and the speed of the spray gun corresponding to the saturation point and the saturation point of the corresponding shot blasting parameters is calculated. And selecting the spray gun speed V corresponding to the saturation point as the spray gun speed in the blade shot blasting process. Meanwhile, determining the shot blasting parameters under the saturation intensity.
Step two: determining the diameter of the shot jet indentation;
preparing a flat test piece, fixing the flat test piece on the working turntable, keeping the flat test piece relatively static, keeping the spray gun perpendicular to the test piece and aligning to the center of the test piece, and performing shot blasting treatment on the test piece by using the shot blasting parameters determined in the step one. After shot blasting, the approximate circle area of the indentation formed by the shot jet under the parameter is measured, and the indentation diameter D is estimated.
Step three: determining the coordinates of the outer contour of the blade;
and assembling the blade and the three-dimensional model of the tool, and then assembling the blade and the three-dimensional model of the equipment working turntable to form an assembly part. Respectively confirming the X-axis of the exhaust edge at the back side of the blade1、X2With side inlet and outlet of leaf basin3、X4Measuring the maximum value S of the distance on the abscissa (X in FIG. 2)1And X4The distance is the maximum distance S). The ratio S/D is calculated.
Step four: determining a blade shot blasting path;
after N equal parts of the maximum S of the abscissa distance, determining the abscissa X for carrying out the 1 st section of shot blasting5The point of intersection with the leaf top is the ordinate Y1The intersection point of the blade fillet is a vertical coordinate Y2. At the blade (X)5、Y1) Starting the spraying, the spray gun vertically runs to (X) at a speed V5、Y2) Returning again at the same speed V (X)5、Y1). Spray gun along ordinate Y1The translation distance D is followed by a vertical reciprocating motion. Until the Nth reciprocating motion is completed.
Step five: setting a rotation speed;
in the blade body shot blasting process, the blade is kept in a rotating state all the time, and the rotating speed R is comprehensively determined according to the blade coverage rate and the residual stress result.
Step six: determining a path at a blade fillet;
confirming coordinates (X) of fillet at inlet and exhaust sides of blade back11、Y11)、(X12、Y12) Side fillet coordinate (X) of air inlet and exhaust sides of blade basin13、Y13)、(X14、Y14). During blade fillet peening, the blades are kept not to rotate, and the blade back side fillet peening is carried out at a speed V along point (X)11、Y11) Move to point (X)12、Y12) And then returns to the point (X)11、Y11). Point (X) along velocity V during shot blasting of fillet on side of blade basin13、Y13) Move to point (X)14、Y14) And then returns to the point (X)13、Y13)。
Step seven: program proofreading of the blades;
and (3) introducing the programmed shot blasting program into the equipment processing system, clamping the blade and placing the blade into the equipment rotary table. And calling a program to perform shot-free operation and performing shot blasting path verification.
Step eight: liquid shot blasting of the blade simulation piece;
and (3) installing M shot blasting test pieces in the blades or blade simulation pieces used without installing the machine, and verifying the shot blasting strength of the test pieces. And calling the blade shot blasting program in the step seven, and verifying whether the shot blasting intensity meets the requirements.
Step nine: liquid shot blasting of the blades;
after the shot blasting of the blade simulation piece is qualified, the liquid shot blasting of the blade can be carried out. And after a group of blades are processed to be qualified, replacing the blades and calling the shot blasting program of the blades again until all the blades of the type are processed to be qualified, and unloading the tool and cleaning the equipment for later use.
And step three, recommending UG (user generated content), CATIA (computer-graphics aided three-dimensional interactive application) and the like by using three-dimensional model software.
And in the third step, the S/D ratio is an integer N upwards, and N is the number of processing sections required by the blade to meet the complete coverage rate.
And in the fifth step, the rotating speed R is recommended to be 5-20R/min.
And seventhly, adopting an Almen test piece, and adopting an Almen-Gage tester to detect the test piece.
And seventhly, measuring the number M of the shot blasting test pieces to be more than or equal to 2.
The working principle is as follows:
the liquid shot blasting is to utilize mixed grinding fluid of steel shots and transformer oil to impact the surface of the component at a high speed, so that the surface of the component is subjected to elastic-plastic deformation and a residual compressive stress field, and finally the reliability and durability of the component are improved. The wet friction in the liquid shot blasting implementation process greatly reduces the damage of the shot to the surface of the blade, can effectively improve the surface quality of the blade, and provides a powerful condition for developing the rotary shot blasting of the blade. The invention provides a blade body continuous rotation type liquid and fillet non-rotation type shot blasting programming control method, wherein the jet flow with different angles impacts blades in the shot blasting implementation process to enable the stress of the blades to be more uniform, so that the residual stress dispersion degree of the surfaces of the blades is smaller after the implementation of the method, and the method is more beneficial to the improvement of the fatigue life of the blades.
Example 1:
the embodiment is a titanium alloy blade surface strengthening method, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: before this example, 3 Almen test pieces were mounted on the blade back, the blade basin, and the fillet, the liquid peening strength of the test pieces was verified, and the blade peening program was invoked to verify whether the peening strength satisfied 0.25N-0.35 Nmm
Step 2: and clamping the blades, placing the clamped blades on an equipment rotary table, and calling blade shot blasting to perform liquid shot blasting. The required coverage rate after shot blasting is more than or equal to 100 percent.
And step 3: after the requirement of post-shot blasting is met, the blade is replaced, and the shot blasting program of the blade is called again until all the blades in the same batch are processed to be qualified.
And 4, step 4: after the requirement is met, the tool is disassembled and the cleaning equipment is used for standby.
And 5: after this example, the titanium alloy blade after liquid peening was subjected to a surface residual stress test.
And 6: after the embodiment, by performing residual stress test and analysis, the depth of the residual stress layer after shot blasting by applying the shot blasting method provided by the invention meets the requirement. The coincidence rate of the residual compressive stress data after shot blasting by the shot blasting method and the residual compressive stress range of the design requirement is 95%, and the coincidence rate of the residual compressive stress data after shot blasting by the traditional shot blasting method and the residual compressive stress range of the design requirement is only 80%. The coefficient of variation of the residual compressive stress data after shot blasting by applying the shot blasting method disclosed by the invention is 0.06, and the coefficient of variation of the residual compressive stress data after shot blasting by adopting a traditional shot blasting method is 0.10.
Claims (5)
1. A blade liquid shot blasting control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) determining shot peening saturation intensity and shot peening parameters: carrying out shot blasting treatment on a shot blasting test piece, establishing a curve of a spray gun speed and shot blasting intensity, calculating spray gun speeds corresponding to a saturation point and a saturation point of corresponding shot blasting parameters, selecting a spray gun speed V which is smaller than the saturation point as the spray gun speed in the blade shot blasting process, and determining the shot blasting parameters under the saturation intensity;
(2) determining the diameter of the shot jet indentation: preparing a flat test piece, fixing the flat test piece on a working rotary table, keeping the flat test piece relatively static, keeping a spray gun perpendicular to the test piece and aligning the spray gun to the center of the test piece, using the shot blasting parameters determined in the step (1), carrying out shot blasting on the test piece, measuring the approximate circle area of an indentation formed by shot blasting under the parameters after shot blasting, and estimating the diameter D of the indentation;
(3) determining the coordinates of the outer contour of the blade: assembling the blade with the tool, then assembling with the equipment working turntable to form an assembly part, and respectively confirming the X-axis of the exhaust edge on the back side of the blade1、X2And the side inlet and outlet edge of the leaf basin are in X-axis3、X4Measuring the maximum value S of the distance of the abscissa, and calculating the ratio S/D, X1And X4The distance is the maximum distance S;
(4) spray for determining blade bodyPill path: after N equal parts of the maximum value S of the abscissa distance, determining the abscissa X for carrying out the 1 st section of shot blasting5The point of intersection with the leaf top is the ordinate Y1The intersection point of the blade fillet is a vertical coordinate Y2In the blade (X)5、Y1) Starting the spraying, the spray gun vertically runs to (X) at a speed V5、Y2) Returning again at the same speed V (X)5、Y1) The spray gun being along the ordinate Y1Continuing to vertically reciprocate after the translation distance D is reached until the Nth reciprocating motion is completed;
(5) setting a rotation speed: in the blade body shot blasting process, the blades are always kept in a rotating state, and the rotating speed is R;
(6) determining a path at a blade fillet: confirming coordinates (X) of fillet at inlet and exhaust sides of blade back11、Y11)、(X12、Y12) And coordinates (X) of fillet at air inlet side and air outlet side of blade basin13、Y13)、(X14、Y14) During blade fillet peening, the blade is kept not to rotate, and the blade back side fillet peening is carried out at a speed V along point (X)11、Y11) Move to point (X)12、Y12) And then returns to the point (X)11、Y11) The point (X) along the velocity V when the round angle on the side of the blade basin is shot-blasted13、Y13) Move to point (X)14、Y14) And then returns to point (X)13、Y13)；
(7) Liquid shot blasting of the blades; and (3) performing liquid shot blasting on the blades according to the steps, after one group of blades are processed, replacing the blades, performing liquid shot blasting on the blades according to the steps again until all the blades of the type are processed, and withdrawing the tool and cleaning the equipment for later use.
2. The blade liquid peening method according to claim 1, wherein: before blade liquid peening, peening path verification and peening intensity verification are performed:
the steps (1) to (6) are compiled into a shot blasting program and are introduced into an equipment processing system, meanwhile, blades are clamped and placed in an equipment rotary table, the program is called to carry out shot-free operation, and shot blasting path verification is carried out; installing M shot blasting test pieces in quantity in a blade or a blade simulation piece which is not installed for use, verifying the shot blasting strength of the test pieces, calling a blade shot blasting program to verify whether the shot blasting strength meets the preset requirement or not, and performing liquid shot blasting on the blade after the shot blasting is qualified.
3. The blade liquid peening method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and an integer N is taken from the S/D ratio upwards, wherein N is the number of machining sections required by the blade to meet the complete coverage rate.
4. The blade liquid peening method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the rotating speed R is 5-20R/min; the number M of the shot blasting test pieces is measured to be more than or equal to 2.
5. The blade liquid peening control method according to claim 3, wherein: the rotating speed R is 5-20R/min; the number M of the shot blasting test pieces is measured to be more than or equal to 2.
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