CN112642838B - High-quality utilization method of waste incineration fly ash - Google Patents
High-quality utilization method of waste incineration fly ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN112642838B CN112642838B CN202011490422.3A CN202011490422A CN112642838B CN 112642838 B CN112642838 B CN 112642838B CN 202011490422 A CN202011490422 A CN 202011490422A CN 112642838 B CN112642838 B CN 112642838B
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- fly ash
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- slag
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- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000382 dechlorinating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000012215 calcium aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- YNNGZCVDIREDDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aminocarbamodithioic acid Chemical compound NNC(S)=S YNNGZCVDIREDDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dicalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001484 edetic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- AEOCXXJPGCBFJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethionamide Chemical compound CCC1=CC(C(N)=S)=CC=N1 AEOCXXJPGCBFJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 tetraphenyl boric acid Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead zinc Chemical compound [Zn].[Pb] JQJCSZOEVBFDKO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 abstract 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 6
- HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin Chemical compound O1C2=CC(Cl)=C(Cl)C=C2OC2=C1C=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2 HGUFODBRKLSHSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000404 calcium aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
- WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O WNCYAPRTYDMSFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940078583 calcium aluminosilicate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 2
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000274 adsorptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940073609 bismuth oxychloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005447 environmental material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- BWOROQSFKKODDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobismuth;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Bi]=O BWOROQSFKKODDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/33—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by chemical fixing the harmful substance, e.g. by chelation or complexation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/34—Dehalogenation using reactive chemical agents able to degrade
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/36—Detoxification by using acid or alkaline reagents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/30—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents
- A62D3/37—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by reacting with chemical agents by reduction, e.g. hydrogenation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/08—Toxic combustion residues, e.g. toxic substances contained in fly ash from waste incineration
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/40—Inorganic substances
- A62D2101/49—Inorganic substances containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2203/00—Aspects of processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change in the substances
- A62D2203/02—Combined processes involving two or more distinct steps covered by groups A62D3/10 - A62D3/40
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/30—Incineration ashes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The patent discloses a high-quality utilization method of waste incineration fly ash, which comprises the steps of carrying out low-temperature reduction treatment on the fly ash in a suspension device to obtain low-toxicity ash; then, the silico-aluminum-calcium slag, the non-ferrous slag, the chlorine-containing sediment, the sodium-containing sediment and the potassium-containing sediment are respectively obtained from the low-toxicity ash step by step, so that the separation of different substances in the fly ash is realized, the high-quality utilization of the fly ash is facilitated, and the final filtrate is recycled. The method has low production cost and high efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of resource utilization of household garbage incineration fly ash, in particular to high-quality application of incineration fly ash.
Background
With the rapid increase of the quantity of urban domestic garbage, simple direct landfill can not meet the urban development requirement, and the garbage incineration technology is more mature in recent years. Waste incineration fly ash (hereinafter referred to as fly ash) generated in the waste incineration process is listed as HW18 dangerous waste by the nation because of containing heavy metals such as Zn, Cd, Pb, Hg, Cu and the like and organic pollutants such as dioxin and the like. According to the data of the national statistical bureau, about 400 seats of the operated waste incineration power plants are built nationwide by 2018, the annual generation amount of fly ash reaches 700 kilotons, and the fly ash is increased at the speed of 8-10% per year. The main treatment mode of the household garbage incineration fly ash is to enter a garbage landfill plant for landfill treatment after the household garbage incineration fly ash reaches the sanitary landfill standard through cement or medicament solidification and stabilization, but the method can occupy a large amount of land resources, so that the capacity of a landfill yard is seriously insufficient, the investment cost is high, and secondary pollution to the environment is easily caused; in addition, the fly ash is adopted to prepare cement, so that the problems of high content of chloride ions, standard exceeding of the total amount of heavy metals in cement clinker and the like easily occur, the doping amount of the fly ash is not more than 10 percent generally, and the problems can cause that a large amount of fly ash can not be treated and the environment is polluted. Therefore, how to economically, safely and effectively treat and utilize the waste incineration fly ash becomes a key of environmental management in China at present [ lujia, zhangsi, nivini, etc.. the research progress of solidification and comprehensive utilization of the waste incineration fly ash [ J ]. metal mine, 2019, (12): 182-187].
Aiming at the problems that the fly ash from the waste incineration cannot be effectively recycled, the environmental pollution and the like, the patent provides a fly ash high-value utilization method to promote the recycling utilization of the fly ash.
Disclosure of Invention
Compared with the prior art, the method can improve the added value of products, improve the production efficiency, realize the cyclic utilization of resources and have obvious economic and social benefits.
A method for high-quality utilization of waste incineration fly ash comprises the following steps:
reducing the fly ash in a suspension at low temperature to obtain low-toxicity ash; adding low-toxicity ash, water and a chelating agent into a field generator, uniformly stirring and filtering to obtain calcium silicoaluminate slag and primary filtrate; adding a vulcanizing agent into the primary filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain colored slag and secondary filtrate; adding a dechlorinating agent into the secondary filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain chlorine-containing precipitates and a tertiary filtrate; adding a sodium removing agent into the third filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain a sodium-containing precipitate and a fourth filtrate; adding a potassium removing agent into the four filtrates, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain potassium-containing precipitates and five filtrates.
The reducing agent used in the low-temperature reduction treatment is one of ethanol, kerosene and acetone, and the addition amount of the reducing agent is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash.
The field used by the field generator is one of an acoustic field and an electromagnetic field.
The chelating agent is one of citric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and triethanolamine, and the addition amount of the chelating agent is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash.
The vulcanizing agent is one of ammonium dithiocarbamate, thiourea and thioamide, and the addition amount is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash.
The dechlorinating agent is one of bismuth nitrate, water slag and copper slag, and the addition amount of the dechlorinating agent is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash.
The sodium removing agent is one of kaolin, palygorsgolite and montmorillonite, and the adding amount is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash.
The potassium removing agent is one of tetraphenyl boric acid, fluosilicic acid and pyroantimonic acid, and the adding amount of the potassium removing agent is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
and (3) carrying out low-temperature reduction treatment on the fly ash in a suspension device to eliminate dioxin in the fly ash, wherein the removal rate of the dioxin is 100%, so that low-toxicity ash is obtained. The suspension device consists of a preheater and a decomposing furnace. The number of the preheater stages is 1-3, and the preheater is designed according to the principle of a preheater commonly used in a pre-decomposition cement kiln. The decomposing furnace is a columnar spouting turbulent bed in principle and is formed by connecting 1-5 column units with necking in series, the ratio of the inner diameter of each column unit to the inner diameter of each necking is 1.1:1-1.8:1, and the ratio of the inner height of each column unit to the inner diameter of each column is 1:1-4: 1. Each cylinder unit has a reducing agent and an air inlet so that the atmosphere of each cylinder unit can be adjusted separately. The temperature in the decomposition furnace in the suspension device is 500-700 ℃, and the decomposition time of the dioxin in the suspension device is 0.5-2 seconds. In addition, the heat source of the decomposing furnace in the suspension device in the patent is high-temperature flue gas introduced into the waste incinerator, and the temperature of the flue gas is 900-. And the flue gas containing reducing atmosphere discharged by the suspension device enters a waste incinerator for combustion, and the heat of the reducing gas in the flue gas is recovered. The reducing agent is one of ethanol, kerosene and acetone, and the reducing agent can easily decompose dioxin into nontoxic gas, thereby being beneficial to detoxification of fly ash.
The field generator is a container capable of generating a physical field, the field of the field generator is one of a sound field and an electromagnetic field, the sound field is ultrasonic waves, the electromagnetic field is microwaves, and the physical field can promote heavy metals in the fly ash to react with the chelating agent to obtain soluble chelate to enter the solution. The adding amount of the water in the field generator is 400-1000% of the mass of the fly ash, and the water can be tap water or five times of filtrate. The chelating agent is one of citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid and triethanolamine, and is easy to chelate with heavy metals in fly ash, so that the heavy metals in the calcium alumino-silicate slag can be eliminated, and the resource utilization of the calcium alumino-silicate slag can be facilitated. The contents of heavy metals and harmful impurities in the calcium silico-aluminum slag are lower than the relevant standard requirements issued by the national, environmental or building material departments, and the calcium silico-aluminum slag can be used as a production raw material of cement and can also be used as an admixture of the cement.
The vulcanizing agent is one of ammonium dithiocarbamate, thiourea and thioamide, and the vulcanizing agent reacts with heavy metal ions in the filtrate to obtain colored slag precipitate, so that the heavy metal ions in the solution are eliminated, and the content of the residual heavy metal ions in the solution is lower than 0.005 mg/L. The vulcanizing agents are organic matters, and do not generate hydrogen sulfide and pollute the environment in the using process. The vulcanizing agents have strong action capability with heavy metals, and the produced sulfides have low solubility, thereby being beneficial to the recovery of the heavy metals in the solution. The recovered heavy metal slag (non-ferrous slag) is used as a raw material of a lead-zinc smelting plant, and is beneficial to resource utilization of heavy metal.
The dechlorinating agent is one of bismuth nitrate, water slag and copper slag, and reacts with chloride ions in the filtrate to generate chlorine-containing precipitates, and the chlorine is removed from the filtrate, wherein the removal rate of the chloride ions is more than 95%. Bismuth nitrate reacts with chloride ions in the filtrate to obtain bismuth oxychloride, which is a novel high-grade environment-friendly pearlescent material and is used in the fields of plastics, automobile interior decoration materials, printing ink and the like. The water granulated slag is waste slag generated in a steel mill, and reacts with chloride ions in the filtrate to obtain calcium chloroaluminate, wherein the calcium chloroaluminate is a nanoscale intercalation compound and is mainly applied to water treatment, soil remediation, slow release agents of fertilizers and the like. The copper slag is metal copper scraps generated in the copper processing process, and the metal copper scraps react with chloride ions in the filtrate to obtain cuprous chloride, and the cuprous chloride can be used as a catalyst, a bactericide, a mordant and the like.
The sodium removing agent is one of kaolin, palygorsgolite and montmorillonite, and the minerals can react with sodium to generate sodium-containing precipitates so as to remove sodium ions in the solution, wherein the removal rate of the sodium ions is more than 90%. The precipitate phase is zeolite, which can be used as ion exchanger, adsorptive separator, desiccant, catalyst, etc.
The potassium removing agent is one of tetraphenyl boric acid, fluosilicic acid and pyroantimonic acid, and the substances can react with potassium to generate potassium-containing precipitates, so that the potassium in the filtrate is removed, the removal rate of potassium ions is more than 90%, and the recovery of the potassium is realized. And (5) the five filtrates after potassium removal enter a field generator through a pump for recycling.
Filtration equipment is one of vacuum filter press, pile spiral shell machine, plate and frame filter press in this patent, and the filter residue moisture content all is less than 15% after the filtration, has the characteristics that the energy consumption is low, with low costs.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
Reducing the fly ash in a suspension at low temperature to obtain low-toxicity ash; adding low-toxicity ash, water and a chelating agent into a field generator, uniformly stirring and filtering to obtain calcium silicoaluminate slag and primary filtrate; adding a vulcanizing agent into the primary filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain colored slag and secondary filtrate; adding a dechlorinating agent into the secondary filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain chlorine-containing precipitates and a tertiary filtrate; adding a sodium removing agent into the third filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain a sodium-containing precipitate and a fourth filtrate; adding a potassium removing agent into the four filtrates, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain potassium-containing precipitates and five filtrates. The application of the hair-restorer, the formulation of the reducing agent, the chelating agent, are shown in Table 1. The formulas of the vulcanizing agent, the dechlorinating agent, the sodium removing agent and the potassium removing agent are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
The embodiments of the present invention can be implemented and achieved, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
Claims (2)
1. A method for high-quality utilization of waste incineration fly ash is characterized by comprising the following steps: reducing the fly ash in a suspension at low temperature to obtain low-toxicity ash; adding low-toxicity ash, water and a chelating agent into a field generator, uniformly stirring and filtering to obtain calcium silicoaluminate slag and primary filtrate; adding a vulcanizing agent into the primary filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain colored slag and secondary filtrate; adding a dechlorinating agent into the secondary filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain chlorine-containing precipitates and a tertiary filtrate; adding a sodium removing agent into the third filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain a sodium-containing precipitate and a fourth filtrate; adding a potassium removing agent into the fourth filtrate, uniformly stirring, and filtering to obtain a potassium-containing precipitate and the fifth filtrate; wherein, the suspension device consists of a preheater and a decomposing furnace; the temperature in the decomposing furnace is 500-700 ℃ during the low-temperature reduction treatment; the reducing agent used in the low-temperature reduction treatment is one of ethanol, kerosene and acetone, and the addition amount is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash; the field used by the field generator is one of a sound field and an electromagnetic field; the chelating agent is one of citric acid, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid and triethanolamine, and the addition amount is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash; the dechlorinating agent is one of bismuth nitrate, water slag and copper slag, and the addition amount of the dechlorinating agent is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash; the sodium removing agent is one of kaolin, palygorsgolite and montmorillonite, and the adding amount is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash; the potassium removing agent is one of tetraphenyl boric acid, fluosilicic acid and pyroantimonic acid, and the adding amount is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash; the recycled non-ferrous slag is used as a raw material of a lead-zinc smelting plant.
2. The method for high-quality utilization of waste incineration fly ash according to claim 1, wherein the vulcanizing agent is one of ammonium dithiocarbamate, thiourea and thioamide, and the addition amount is 1-10% of the mass of the fly ash.
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