CN112630833B - Fast seismic first-arrival travel time joint inversion method based on logging curve - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fast seismic first-arrival wave travel time joint inversion method based on a logging curve, which comprises the steps of firstly obtaining stratum velocity and stratum thickness parameters through the logging curve, constructing a first initial velocity model, extracting first-arrival wave travel time from an original seismic record, then performing forward calculation by using an LTI ray tracing method, performing fast inversion calculation by using a steepest descent method, obtaining a relatively accurate inversion velocity structure chart, constructing a second initial velocity model, finally substituting the second initial velocity model into an inversion equation by using the steepest descent method at the initial stage of inversion iteration, and performing accelerated convergence by using a conjugate gradient method at the later stage of inversion iteration, thereby obtaining the optimal solution of the inversion equation, reducing the time required by the inversion iteration and obtaining higher inversion accuracy. And the multi-solvability problem in the process of solving the seismic travel time tomography inversion equation is effectively inhibited, and the underground structure can be quickly and accurately imaged.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seismic data processing, in particular to a rapid seismic first-arrival wave travel-time joint inversion method based on a logging curve.
Background
Engineering seismic exploration is one of the common means for shallow earth surface engineering exploration, seismic first-arrival wave travel time tomography is often applied to the fields of geotechnical stratification, karst exploration, boulder exploration and the like, and by adopting the seismic first-arrival wave travel time to carry out independent imaging, the problems of different ray densities, data interference, imaging algorithms and the like caused by the arrangement of an observation system often exist, the problem of multiple resolvability exists when an inversion equation is solved, and the underground structure cannot be accurately imaged.
Therefore, how to solve the problem of accurately imaging the underground structure becomes a problem to be solved urgently by practitioners of the same industry.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a rapid seismic first-arrival wave travel-time joint inversion method based on a logging curve, which at least partially solves the technical problems, can effectively limit the multi-resolution problem in the inversion problem, can well disclose the underground stratum structure and the geological structure form, and can carry out accurate imaging.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a fast seismic first arrival travel time joint inversion method based on a log comprises the following steps:
acquiring a stratum speed parameter and a stratum thickness parameter according to a logging curve, and constructing a first initial speed model;
extracting first-arrival travel time from received original seismic records of all seismic sources;
entering the first initial velocity model and the first arrival wave travel time into a first inversion equation, performing forward calculation by using an LTI ray tracing method, and performing rapid inversion calculation by using a steepest descent method to obtain an inversion velocity structure chart;
constructing a second initial velocity model according to the inversion velocity structure diagram;
according to the second initial velocity model, forward calculation is carried out by adopting an LTI ray tracing method, and a second inversion equation is established;
solving the second inversion equation by adopting an iteration method, and obtaining an optimal solution by utilizing a steepest descent method at the initial stage of inversion iteration and a conjugate gradient method at the later stage of inversion iteration; and rapidly and accurately imaging the underground structure based on the optimal solution.
Further, acquiring a stratum speed parameter and a stratum thickness parameter according to the logging curve, and constructing a first initial speed model; the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a stratum speed parameter according to a depth parameter and a stratum thickness parameter of a logging curve, and constructing a first initial speed model V 'based on the stratum speed parameter and the depth parameter' ij 。
Further, the first initial velocity model and the first arrival wave travel time are entered into a first inversion equation, and forward calculation is carried out by utilizing an LTI ray tracing method; the method comprises the following steps:
model V 'of the first initial speed' ij And the first arrival travel time T ij Substituting into a first inversion equation:
wherein f is 1 (m s ) Calculating travel time data for seismic forward modeling, d s For actually observed travel time data T ij ，α 1 Is a damping factor, m s As a formation velocity parameter, m 0 Is model prior information;
ray tracing is carried out by utilizing an LTI ray tracing algorithm to obtain a ray path data set L 1ij (i =1,2, \8230;, N, j =1,2, \8230;, N) and a travel time data set T 1ij (i＝1,2,…,N，j＝1,2,…,N)。
Further, forward calculation is carried out by adopting an LTI ray tracing method according to the second initial velocity model, and a second inversion equation is established; the method comprises the following steps:
according to the second initial speed model V ″) ij Ray tracing is carried out by utilizing an LTI ray tracing algorithm to obtain a ray path data set L 2ij (i =1,2, \8230;, N, j =1,2, \8230;, N) and a travel time data set T 2ij (i＝1,2,…,N，j＝1,2,…,N)；
Establishing a second inversion equation:
wherein f is 2 (m s ) Calculating travel time data for the earthquake forward modeling; d s The actually observed travel time data; alpha is alpha 2 Is a damping factor; m is a unit of s Is a speed parameter; m is a unit of 0 Is the model prior information.
Further, solving the second inversion equation by adopting an iteration method, and obtaining an optimal solution by utilizing a steepest descent method at the initial stage of inversion iteration and a conjugate gradient method at the later stage of inversion iteration; imaging based on the optimal solution, comprising:
reducing the second inversion equation to a formula for iterative solution:
V k ＝V k-1 +ΔV (3)
(3) In the formula, V k An update velocity value for the current model; v k-1 The updated speed value of the last model; Δ V is the model update amount; k is equal to {2,3, \8230; N }, and N is positiveAn integer number;
performing iteration solving formula (3) by using a joint inversion algorithm, judging whether an iteration termination condition is met, and outputting an optimal solution when the iteration termination condition is met; otherwise, continuing the iteration until the iteration termination condition is met.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a fast seismic first-arrival wave travel time joint inversion method based on a logging curve, which has the basic idea that model constraint is carried out based on stratum speed and position information of the logging curve, the characteristics of high calculation speed, good convergence and high stability of a conjugate gradient method are utilized by utilizing the steepest descent method, the iteration speed is accelerated by utilizing the steepest descent method in the early stage of inversion iteration, the conjugate gradient method is utilized to carry out fast convergence in the later stage of inversion iteration, the optimal solution of an inversion equation is obtained, the advantages of the inversion equation and the conjugate gradient method are combined, the multi-solution problem in the process of solving the seismic travel time stratigraphic inversion equation is effectively inhibited, the inversion precision is improved while the time required by inversion is shortened, and therefore, the underground structure can be quickly and accurately imaged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a fast seismic first-arrival travel-time joint inversion method based on a log according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a fast seismic first-arrival travel-time joint inversion method based on a log according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an acquired raw seismic record;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first initial velocity model;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a source and detector arrangement;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of individual inversion velocity profiles;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of a joint inversion velocity structure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
As shown in fig. 1, the fast seismic first-arrival travel-time joint inversion method based on a log provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
s10, acquiring a stratum speed parameter and a stratum thickness parameter according to the logging curve, and constructing a first initial speed model;
s20, extracting first-arrival travel time from the received original seismic records of the seismic sources;
s30, entering the first initial velocity model and the first arrival wave travel time into a first inversion equation, performing forward calculation by using an LTI ray tracing method, and performing rapid inversion calculation by using a steepest descent method to obtain an inversion velocity structure chart;
s40, constructing a second initial velocity model according to the inversion velocity structure diagram;
s50, forward calculation is carried out by adopting an LTI ray tracing method according to the second initial velocity model, and a second inversion equation is established;
s60, solving the second inversion equation by adopting an iteration method, and obtaining an optimal solution by utilizing a steepest descent method at the initial stage of inversion iteration and a conjugate gradient method at the later stage of inversion iteration; and rapidly and accurately imaging the underground structure based on the optimal solution.
In the embodiment, a stratum velocity parameter and a stratum thickness parameter are obtained through a logging curve, a first initial velocity model is built, a first-arrival wave travel time is extracted from an original seismic record, forward calculation is performed by using an LTI ray tracing method, quick inversion calculation is performed by using a steepest descent method, a relatively accurate inversion velocity structure diagram is obtained, a second initial velocity model is built, the second initial velocity model is used as a constraint condition and substituted into an inversion equation, the steepest descent method is used for accelerating the iteration velocity at the initial stage of inversion iteration, and a conjugate gradient method is used for accelerating convergence at the later stage of inversion iteration, so that the optimal solution of the inversion equation is obtained, the time required by the inversion iteration is shortened, and high inversion accuracy is obtained. And the multi-solvability problem in the process of solving the seismic travel time tomography inversion equation is effectively inhibited, and the underground structure can be quickly and accurately imaged.
The above steps are described in detail below:
referring to fig. 2, it is a schematic diagram. In step S10, a formation velocity parameter is obtained according to the depth parameter and travel time information of the log, and then a first initial velocity model V 'is constructed based on the velocity parameter and the formation depth parameter' ij (indicates the speed in the ith row and jth column of the grid). The first initial velocity model is constructed according to the thickness and the velocity of the stratum obtained by the logging curve, the velocity model shown in the figure 4 is constructed according to different thicknesses of the stratum, the ordinate represents the thickness of the stratum, each stratum with a certain layer thickness is represented by a velocity parameter, and the velocity model shown in the figure 4 is finally formed.
In step S20, the first arrival travel time T is extracted from the original seismic records of the seismic sources received by the geophone ij (indicating the first arrival travel time in the ith row and jth column grid), step S30 employs LTI transmissionRay path tracing by line tracing method
(representing ray length in ith row and jth column grid) and travel time data set
And based on extracting first arrival travel time T ij Constructing a first inversion equation, and iteratively solving an optimal solution of the inversion equation by adopting a steepest descent method to obtain an inversion speed structure chart;
in steps S40-S50, a second initial velocity model V' is constructed based on the inversion velocity structure diagram ij And performing ray tracing by using the LTI ray tracing algorithm again to obtain a ray path data set
And travel time data set
Constructing a second inversion equation, and in step S60, solving an optimal solution V of the second inversion equation by using an iterative method k ＝V k-1 + delta V, using a steepest descent method at the initial stage of inversion iteration, using a conjugate gradient method at the later stage of inversion iteration, combining an inversion algorithm to carry out iteration solution (3), judging whether an iteration termination condition is met, and outputting an optimal solution when the iteration termination condition is met; otherwise, continuing the iteration until the iteration termination condition is met; and imaging based on the optimal solution.
Wherein, the optimal solution is the solution closest to the real solution in the process of solving the second inversion equation, and is not the equation real solution. The second initial model is equivalent to a set of random solutions given before the second inversion equation is solved, the second inversion equation is assumed to be a real solution, and then the second inversion equation is iterated through the set of random solutions to obtain a solution which is closest to the real solution, namely an optimal solution V ″ ij 。
The specific embodiment is as follows:
the steps and the principle of the invention are shown as the attached figures 1-2:
1. for the collected seismic data, extracting seismic first-arrival travel time through seismic processing software; (as shown in FIG. 3); the abscissa represents the horizontal distance and the ordinate represents the vertical distance.
2. Extracting formation speed and depth information from the obtained logging curve, and constructing a first initial speed model; (see FIG. 4);
3. firstly, substituting the picked seismic first-arrival wave travel time and the constructed first initial velocity model into a seismic first-arrival wave chromatographic inversion equation (first inversion equation), forward calculating ray path data and travel time data by adopting an LTI ray tracing method, and performing rapid iterative inversion by using a steepest descent method to obtain a relatively accurate inversion velocity structure diagram, constructing a new velocity model based on the inversion velocity structure diagram as an initial velocity model (second initial velocity model) of conjugate gradient inversion, then using the newly constructed second initial velocity model as an initial velocity model of a second inversion equation, forward calculating new ray path data and travel time data by using the LTI ray tracing method, and accelerating the iteration speed by using a steepest descent method in the early stage of the inversion iteration, accelerating the convergence by using the conjugate gradient method in the later stage of the inversion iteration until an iteration termination condition is met, terminating the iteration, and outputting the optimal solution of the inversion equation, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps of:
A. based on the initial velocity model, the sources and detectors are arranged in the same interval in one hole and the detectors are arranged in the same interval in the other hole according to the arrangement of the sources and the detectors, as shown in fig. 5. Ray tracing is carried out by adopting an LTI ray tracing algorithm to obtain a ray path data set
And travel time data set
B. Constructing an inverted objective function (first inversion equation):
wherein f is 1 (m s ) Calculating travel time data for seismic forward modeling, d s For actually observed walk-time data T ij ，α 1 As a damping factor, α 1 The value range is 0 to 1, and proper alpha is selected according to the actual situation 1 A value; m is a unit of s As a parameter of velocity, m 0 Is model prior information;
C. iteratively solving a first inversion equation by adopting a steepest descent method to obtain an inversion speed structure chart; constructing a new speed model (a second initial speed model) based on the inversion speed structure diagram;
D. taking the second initial velocity model constructed in the step C as a new inversion target function (second inversion equation) initial velocity model, and repeating the step A to obtain a new ray path data set
And travel time data set
E. Constructing a new inversion target function (a second inversion equation) based on the steps D and A:
wherein f is 2 (m s ) Calculating travel time data for the seismic forward modeling; d s The actually observed travel time data; alpha is alpha 2 Is a damping factor; alpha is alpha 2 The value range is 0 to 1, and proper alpha is selected according to the actual situation 2 A value; m is a unit of s As a speed parameter, m here s Is an unknown function and needs to be solved; m is 0 Is model prior information;
F. the new inversion objective function (second inversion equation) in step E can be finally reduced to the formula for iterative solution:
V k ＝V k-1 +ΔV (3)
wherein V k The speed value updated this time is: an update speed value of the current model; v k-1 And Δ V is the model update quantity for the last model update. The equation (3) represents two velocity parameters that are adjacent when the second inversion equation is solved by iteration, for example, the equation (3) can be represented as V at the 9 th iteration 10 ＝V 9 + Δ V if V 10 If the solution is closer to the true solution, then V is set 10 The value of (A) is given to V ″ ij And outputting as an optimal solution.
The model update quantity is shown in formula (3), and the difference value between two adjacent speed parameters in the same iteration is delta V, namely V is enabled to be V through delta V k-1 Is gradually approaching to V k . V obtained by current iteration k As V in the next iteration formula k-1 Continuously performing iteration, and if the difference between two adjacent speed parameters is less than 1% or less than 5% when the iteration termination condition is met, setting the iteration condition according to specific conditions; stopping iteration and outputting V k 。
G. As shown in fig. 6, the individual inversion refers to velocity inversion using only the conjugate gradient method; as shown in fig. 7, joint inversion refers to velocity inversion performed by using two algorithms, namely, steepest descent method and conjugate gradient method. Adopting a joint inversion algorithm to carry out iteration solving on the formula (3) in the step F, and finally judging whether the iteration termination condition is met or not, such as residual error<5% or such as V k –V k-1 <1% (i.e. the two adjacent iterations differ by one another)<1%), if the termination iteration is satisfied, outputting the optimal solution of the new inversion target function (second inversion equation), otherwise, continuing the iteration until the termination condition of the iteration is satisfied.
When the forward equation of ray tracing travel time by adopting the LTI ray tracing algorithm is T = L/V, T represents f in formulas (1) and (2) 1 (m s )、f 2 (m s ) Here, T is a function with respect to V, and L is a constant.
The equations (1) and (2) are different only in the numerical value of the inversion parameter, and the velocity parameter is represented by the same attribute, i.e. m in the equation (2) s The inversion result in equation (1) is substituted as the initial solution. Next, the inversion formula (2) is converted into an iterationWhen it is in the generation form (as V) k ＝V k-1 + Δ V), the result of equation (1) is simply substituted into V as an initial random solution in the process of iteratively solving the inverse equation (2) k-1 (where k is 2 or V) 1 ) Then continuously approaching V by an iterative algorithm k In the first assignment to V 1 The subsequent solving process is then independent of it.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fast seismic first-arrival wave travel time joint inversion method based on a logging curve, which effectively utilizes prior information of the logging curve to carry out model constraint, uses a joint inversion strategy of firstly carrying out a steepest descent method to accelerate the iteration speed and then using a conjugate gradient method to accelerate convergence in inversion, shortens the time required by inversion, improves the stability of an algorithm, reduces the multi-solution property in the inversion process, enables the inversion result to be more accurate and reliable, and finally realizes fast seismic first-arrival wave travel time tomography.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (4)
1. A fast seismic first arrival travel time joint inversion method based on a logging curve is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
acquiring a stratum speed parameter and a stratum thickness parameter according to the logging curve, and constructing a first initial speed model; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a stratum speed parameter according to the depth parameter and the travel time information of the logging curve, and then constructing a first initial speed model V 'based on the stratum speed parameter and the depth parameter' ij ；
Extracting first-arrival travel time from received original seismic records of all seismic sources;
entering the first initial velocity model and the first-arrival wave travel time into a first inversion equation, performing forward calculation by using an LTI ray tracing method, and performing rapid inversion calculation by using a steepest descent method to obtain an inversion velocity structure chart;
constructing a second initial velocity model according to the inversion velocity structure diagram;
according to the second initial velocity model, forward calculation is carried out by adopting an LTI ray tracing method, and a second inversion equation is established;
solving the second inversion equation by adopting an iterative method, and obtaining an optimal solution by utilizing a steepest descent method at the initial stage of inversion iteration and a conjugate gradient method at the later stage of inversion iteration; and rapidly and accurately imaging the underground structure based on the optimal solution.
2. The fast seismic first-arrival travel-time joint inversion method based on the log according to claim 1, characterized in that: entering the first initial velocity model and the first arrival wave travel time into a first inversion equation, and performing forward calculation by using an LTI ray tracing method; the method comprises the following steps:
model V 'of the first initial speed' ij And the first arrival travel time T ij Substituting a first inversion equation:
wherein f is 1 (m s ) Calculating travel time data for the first seismic forward run, d s For actually observed travel time data, α 1 Is a first damping factor, m s As a formation velocity parameter, m 0 Is model prior information;
ray tracing is carried out by utilizing an LTI ray tracing algorithm to obtain a ray path data set L 1ij And T 1ij Travel time data set, wherein i =1,2, \8230;, N; j =1,2, \8230;, N.
3. The fast seismic first-arrival travel-time joint inversion method based on the log curve as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: according to the second initial velocity model, forward calculation is carried out by adopting an LTI ray tracing method, and a second inversion equation is established; the method comprises the following steps:
according to the second initial speed model V ″) ij Ray tracing is carried out by utilizing an LTI ray tracing algorithm to obtain a ray path data set L 2ij And T 2ij Travel time data set, wherein i =1,2, \8230;, N; j =1,2, \ 8230;, N;
establishing a second inversion equation:
wherein f is 2 (m s ) Calculating travel time data for a second seismic forward run; d is a radical of s For the actual observed travel time data, α 2 Is a second damping factor; m is s Is a formation velocity parameter; m is a unit of 0 Is the model prior information.
4. The fast seismic first-arrival wave travel-time joint inversion method based on the log according to claim 3, characterized in that: solving the second inversion equation by adopting an iteration method, and obtaining an optimal solution by utilizing a steepest descent method at the initial stage of inversion iteration and a conjugate gradient method at the later stage of inversion iteration; imaging based on the optimal solution, comprising:
reducing the second inversion equation to a formula for iterative solution:
V k ＝V k-1 +ΔV (3)
(3) In the formula, V k An update velocity value for the current model; v k-1 The updated velocity value of the previous model; Δ V is the model update amount; k belongs to {2,3, \8230, N }, and N is a positive integer;
performing iteration solving formula (3) by using a joint inversion algorithm, judging whether an iteration termination condition is met, and outputting an optimal solution when the iteration termination condition is met; otherwise, continuing the iteration until the iteration termination condition is met.
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