CN112630271A - Method for monitoring soil moisture diffusion based on concentration cell - Google Patents
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 49
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 29
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 29
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- -1 salt ion Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for monitoring soil moisture diffusion based on a concentration cell, and belongs to the technical field of environmental detection. Because the soil contains a large amount of Ca2+、K2+、Na2+When the soil is subjected to drip irrigation or infiltrating irrigation, the water content of the position where water is added into the soil is high, the salt ion concentration is low, the soil water content of the water diffusion edge is low, and the salt ion concentration is high, so that the salt ion concentration difference exists between the soil drip irrigation or infiltrating irrigation position and the water diffusion edge, and the concentration difference voltage between the soil and the water diffusion edge is detected by constructing a concentration difference battery in the soil, so that the concentration difference voltage can be used as a signal for monitoring the soil water diffusion range and depth on line. Compared with the existing soil moisture diffusion monitoring method, the monitoring method has the advantages of low cost, simplicity in operation and capability of on-line continuous monitoring, and overcomes the defects of the existing detection method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental detection, and particularly relates to a method for monitoring soil moisture diffusion based on a concentration cell.
Background
China is seriously deficient in water resources, limited water resources are not distributed uniformly, agricultural production is restricted, and grain yield is limited, so that the great development of water-saving irrigation is advocated to be necessary. The water-saving irrigation mainly comprises the measures of drip irrigation, infiltrating irrigation and the like, the water consumption of the measures is small, on one hand, the water-saving effect is achieved, and on the other hand, the effect of the water-saving irrigation measures is related to whether the limited water can be diffused to the root system of the crops or not. The physical and chemical properties of the soil in different areas are greatly different, so that the water diffusion ranges and depths of different soils are different. In view of this, it is necessary to monitor and master the range and depth of water diffusion in different soils, so as to improve the precision and effectiveness of drip irrigation and infiltration irrigation, and better serve for increasing the yield of grains.
At present, soil moisture diffusion is monitored mainly by observing a wetting line by visual observation, measuring the moisture content by a soil sample drying method, measuring a neutron method and the like. These methods have significant disadvantages, such as: manual observation of the infiltration line is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the infiltration depth is not easy to observe; the method for taking soil, heating and measuring water content consumes energy, the heating waiting time is long, and online continuous monitoring cannot be realized; the neutron method has a problem of high cost. Therefore, the simple method capable of continuously monitoring the soil moisture diffusion on line is designed, and the significance is great.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved is as follows: in order to solve various defects of the existing soil moisture diffusion monitoring method, the invention provides a method for monitoring soil moisture diffusion based on a concentration cell. The method has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and on-line monitoring, does not use any chemical substance in the monitoring process, is beneficial to improving the accuracy and effectiveness of drip irrigation and infiltrating irrigation in different areas, and better serves for increasing the yield of grains.
The technical scheme is as follows: a method for monitoring soil moisture diffusion based on a concentration cell comprises the following steps:
and 3, dripping the solution on the soil inserted with the reference electrode, and when the voltage recording equipment in which the planar electrode and the reference electrode are connected in series displays voltage readings, the diffusion range, speed and time of the moisture in the horizontal direction can be explained, and when the voltage recording equipment in which the depth electrode and the reference electrode are connected in series displays voltage readings, the diffusion range, speed and time of the moisture in the vertical direction can be explained.
Furthermore, the number of the planar electrodes is at least one, and the distance between the planar electrodes is 0.1-20 cm.
Furthermore, the number of the depth electrodes is at least one, and the distance between the depth electrodes is 0.1-20 cm.
Furthermore, the reference electrode, the planar electrode and the depth electrode are columnar or needle-shaped and made of stainless steel, titanium or graphite.
Furthermore, the conducting wire is made of copper, aluminum or titanium.
Further, the voltage recording equipment is a multimeter, a data acquisition card or an electrochemical workstation.
Further, the direction of inserting the planar electrode into the soil is vertical or oblique insertion.
Further, the direction of inserting the depth electrode into the soil is vertical or oblique insertion.
Because the soil contains a large amount of Ca2+、K2+、Na2+When the soil is subjected to drip irrigation or infiltrating irrigation, the water content of the position where the water is added into the soil is high, the salt ion concentration is low, the water content of the soil at the water diffusion edge is low, and the salt ion concentration is high, so that the soil dropsThe concentration difference of salt ions exists between the irrigation or infiltrating irrigation position and the edge of water diffusion, and a concentration difference battery is constructed in soil to detect the concentration difference voltage between the irrigation or infiltrating irrigation position and the edge of water diffusion, so that the concentration difference voltage can be used as a signal for monitoring the water diffusion range and depth of the soil on line.
Compared with the existing soil moisture diffusion monitoring method, the monitoring method has the advantages of low cost, simplicity in operation and capability of on-line continuous monitoring, and overcomes the defects of the existing detection method.
Has the advantages that: the invention can realize in-situ on-line monitoring of the diffusion range and depth of water in soil under drip irrigation and/or infiltrating irrigation measures, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness of water-saving irrigation. The invention also has the advantages of low cost, simple operation and no use of any chemical substance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a laboratory test apparatus for monitoring soil moisture diffusion in example 1, in which: the universal meter is characterized in that 1 is a detection box, 2 is a reference electrode, 3 is a plane electrode, 4 is a depth electrode, 5 is a lead, and 6 is a voltage recording device universal meter.
Fig. 2 is a device for monitoring soil moisture diffusion in example 2, wherein: reference electrode 1, planar electrode 2, depth electrode 3, lead 4 and voltage recording equipment 5.
Detailed Description
At present, soil moisture diffusion is monitored mainly by observing a saturation line by visual observation, measuring water content by a soil sample drying method, a neutron method and the like, and the methods are time-consuming and labor-consuming and cannot be used for on-line continuous monitoring. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
and 3, when a solution, such as distilled water, tap water or plant nutrient solution, is dripped into the soil inserted with the reference electrode, along with the diffusion of moisture in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, the concentration difference voltage of salt ions can exist between the position of the soil dripped solution and the edge of the moisture diffusion, the diffusion range, speed and time of the moisture in the horizontal direction can be known through the voltage reading displayed by the voltage recording equipment in which the planar electrode and the reference electrode are connected in series, and the diffusion range, speed and time of the moisture in the vertical direction can be known through the voltage reading displayed by the voltage recording equipment in which the depth electrode and the reference electrode are connected in series.
Because different soil moisture diffusion speeds are different, the distance between the planar electrodes can be set according to actual needs, for soil with fast moisture diffusion, the distance between the planar electrodes is smaller and can be 0.1cm, and for soil with slow moisture diffusion, the distance between the planar electrodes can be larger and is 20 cm; similarly, the distance between the depth electrodes may be 0.1-20 cm.
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications and substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and substance of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this example constructs a concentration cell-based device for monitoring soil moisture diffusion in a laboratory, in which: the device comprises a detection box 1, a reference electrode 2, a plane electrode 3, a depth electrode 4, a lead 5 and a voltage recording equipment universal meter 6, wherein the detection box 1 is made of organic glass materials and is a cube with the side length of 6 cm. The soil to be detected is filled in the detection box, the soil is collected from Hebei province, the water content of the soil is 6.15%, the soil is loam, and the soil is typical northern farmland dry land soil. The top cover is covered after 200 g of soil is filled in the detection box. The reference electrode was inserted vertically into the soil from the top of the test chamber to a depth of 0.5 cm. Taking the reference electrode as a center, extending and distributing 4 electrodes outwards at intervals of 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm to serve as plane electrodes, wherein the depth of the electrodes inserted into the soil is consistent with that of the reference electrode and is 0.5 cm; and each planar electrode is connected with a reference electrode through a universal meter by adopting a copper wire, and the universal meters in the horizontal direction are V1, V2, V3 and V4 in sequence. In addition, 4 deep electrodes penetrate through holes in the side wall of the detection box and are inserted into soil until the tail ends of the 4 electrodes are located at positions 0.5 cm, 1.0 cm, 1.5 cm and 2.0 cm under the reference electrode; each electrode of the depth electrode is connected with a reference electrode through a multimeter by adopting a copper lead, and the multimeters in the vertical direction are V5, V6, V7 and V8 in sequence. The reference electrode, the planar electrode and the depth electrode are all titanium wires with the diameter of 1 mm, the titanium wires are wrapped with insulating layers, and the tail ends of the electrodes inserted into soil are exposed titanium wires with the length of 3 mm, wherein the insulating layers are cut off.
When the water diffusion was monitored, 20 drops of distilled water were continuously dropped from the position of the reference electrode into the soil, and at this time, the water was diffused around the soil with the reference electrode as the center of circle. All multimeters showed a voltage of 0 mV before water was added. At 5 seconds after the first drop of distilled water entered the soil, V1 showed a voltage of 21.7 mV, indicating that the moisture level diffused a distance of 0.5 cm; at 11 seconds, V2 showed a voltage of 29.2 mV, indicating that the moisture plane spread a distance of 1.0 cm; at 23 seconds, V3 showed a voltage of 18.5 mV, indicating that the moisture plane spread a distance of 1.5 cm; v4 consistently showed a voltage of 0 mV, indicating that the moisture level diffusion did not reach a distance of 2.0 cm; in the process of the plane diffusion of the water, the diffusion range judged by the voltage is consistent with the visual diffusion range.
At 4 seconds after the first drop of distilled water entered the soil, V5 showed a voltage of 23.1 mV, indicating that the water had spread to a depth of 0.5 cm; at 8 seconds, V6 showed a voltage of 26.4 mV, indicating that moisture was diffusing to a depth of 1.0 cm; at 12 seconds, V7 showed a voltage of 27.6 mV, indicating that moisture was diffusing to a depth of 1.5 cm; at 17 seconds, V8 showed a voltage of 26.9 mV, indicating that moisture was diffusing to a depth of 2.0 cm.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment constructs a concentration cell-based soil moisture diffusion monitoring device in the field, wherein: reference electrode 1, planar electrode 2, depth electrode 3, lead 4 and voltage recording equipment 5. The field detection site is located in Yingtan City in Jiangxi province, the soil moisture content is 6.50%, the soil texture is clay loam, and the soil is typical southern farmland dry land soil. The reference electrode was inserted vertically into the soil to a depth of 0.5 cm. Taking the reference electrode as the center, extending and arranging 4 electrodes outwards at intervals of 2.0 cm, 4.0 cm, 6.0 cm and 8.0 cm as plane electrodes, wherein the depth of the electrodes inserted into the soil is consistent with that of the reference electrode and is 0.5 cm, and each plane electrode is connected with the reference electrode through a universal meter by adopting a copper wire. In addition, 4 depth electrodes are inserted into soil at an angle of 45 degrees with the ground until the tail ends of the 4 electrodes are positioned at 2.0 cm, 4.0 cm, 6.0 cm and 8.0 cm under the reference electrode, and each electrode of the depth electrodes is connected with the reference electrode through a universal meter by adopting a copper wire. The reference electrode, the planar electrode and the depth electrode are all titanium wires with the diameter of 1 mm, the titanium wires are wrapped with insulating layers, and the tail ends of the electrodes inserted into soil are exposed titanium wires with the length of 3 mm, wherein the insulating layers are cut off.
When the water diffusion was monitored, distilled water was continuously dropped from the position of the reference electrode into the soil at a frequency of 1 drop/second for 1 hour. All multimeters showed a voltage of 0 mV before water was added. At 15 seconds after the first drop of distilled water entered the soil, V1 showed a voltage of 17.1 mV, indicating that the moisture level diffused a distance of 2.0 cm; at 12 minutes and 57 seconds, V2 showed a voltage of 25.8 mV, indicating that the moisture plane spread a distance of 4.0 cm; at 55 minutes and 27 seconds, V3 showed a voltage of 19.6 mV, indicating that the moisture plane spread a distance of 6.0 cm; v4 consistently showed a voltage of 0 mV, indicating that the moisture level diffusion did not reach a distance of 8.0 cm; in the process of the plane diffusion of the water, the diffusion range judged by the voltage is consistent with the visual diffusion range.
At 14 seconds after the first drop of distilled water entered the soil, V5 showed a voltage of 15.2 mV, indicating that the water had spread to a depth of 2.0 cm; at 11 minutes and 38 seconds, V6 showed a voltage of 24.5 mV, indicating that moisture was diffusing to a depth of 4.0 cm; at 42 minutes 33 seconds, V7 showed a voltage of 18.9 mV, indicating that moisture was diffusing to a depth of 6.0 cm; v8 consistently showed a voltage of 0 mV 1 hour after the addition of distilled water, indicating that the water did not diffuse to a depth of 8.0 cm.
According to the results, when the soil is subjected to drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation, the water content of the position where water is added into the soil is high, the salt ion concentration is low, the water content of the soil at the edge of water diffusion is low, the salt ion concentration is high, and the concentration voltage of the position where the soil is subjected to drip irrigation or infiltration irrigation and the edge of water diffusion is detected by constructing a concentration cell in the soil, so that the concentration cell can be used as a signal for monitoring the water diffusion range and depth of the soil on line. The invention can realize in-situ on-line monitoring of the diffusion range and depth of water in soil under drip irrigation and/or infiltrating irrigation measures, thereby improving the accuracy and effectiveness of water-saving irrigation.
Claims (8)
1. A method for monitoring soil moisture diffusion based on a concentration cell is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, vertically inserting a reference electrode into soil to be detected, then outwards extending and arranging a plurality of plane electrodes by taking the reference electrode as a center, wherein the inserting positions of the plane electrodes and the reference electrode in the soil are in the same horizontal straight line, the inserting depth of the plane electrodes into the soil is the same as that of the reference electrode, then downwards extending and arranging a plurality of depth electrodes by taking the reference electrode as a starting point, the inserting positions of the depth electrodes and the reference electrode in the soil are in the same vertical line, and the depth of the depth electrodes into the soil is greater than that of the reference electrode;
step 2, connecting the reference electrode and the plane electrode through a lead and connecting the reference electrode and the plane electrode in series with a voltage recording device to form a concentration cell for monitoring the moisture diffusion in the horizontal direction, and connecting the reference electrode and the depth electrode through a lead and connecting the reference electrode and the depth electrode in series with a voltage recording device to form a concentration cell for monitoring the moisture diffusion in the vertical direction;
and 3, dripping the solution on the soil inserted with the reference electrode, and when the voltage recording equipment in which the planar electrode and the reference electrode are connected in series displays voltage readings, the diffusion range and time of the moisture in the horizontal direction can be explained, and when the voltage recording equipment in which the depth electrode and the reference electrode are connected in series displays voltage readings, the diffusion range and time of the moisture in the vertical direction can be explained.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: the number of the planar electrodes is at least one, and the distance between the planar electrodes is 0.1-20 cm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the number of the depth electrodes is at least one, and the distance between the depth electrodes is 0.1-20 cm.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the reference electrode, the plane electrode and the depth electrode are columnar or needle-shaped and made of stainless steel, titanium or graphite.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the conducting wire is made of copper, aluminum or titanium.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein: the voltage recording equipment is a universal meter, a data acquisition card or an electrochemical workstation.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein: the direction of the planar electrode inserted into the soil is vertical or oblique insertion.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein: the direction of the depth electrode inserted into the soil is vertical or oblique insertion.
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Citations (9)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000155096A (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-06-06 | Omron Corp | Moisture detecting device |
| WO2000033071A2 (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2000-06-08 | Fairfield Control Systems Ltd | Method of, and device and system for, monitoring soil moisture content |
| WO2009117784A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Cotton Catchment Communities Crc | System, apparatus and method for measuring soil moisture content |
| CN102175730A (en) * | 2011-02-13 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Device for measuring soil moisture |
| CN103782876A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Intelligent, automatic and efficient drip irrigation system meeting requirement of soil for water and nutrients |
| CN104950012A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 水利部南京水利水文自动化研究所 | Integrated adjustable automatic soil longitudinal water recording instrument |
| CN105758901A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-13 | 南京农业大学 | Moisture measurement method and device of vertical section of farmland soil |
| JP2017136515A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-10 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | Apparatus and method for decontaminating contaminated earth |
| CN211603182U (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-09-29 | 深圳市万卉园景观工程有限公司 | Soil water salt migration analogue means |
-
2020
- 2020-11-24 CN CN202011328680.1A patent/CN112630271B/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000155096A (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 2000-06-06 | Omron Corp | Moisture detecting device |
| WO2000033071A2 (en) * | 1998-12-03 | 2000-06-08 | Fairfield Control Systems Ltd | Method of, and device and system for, monitoring soil moisture content |
| WO2009117784A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | Cotton Catchment Communities Crc | System, apparatus and method for measuring soil moisture content |
| CN102175730A (en) * | 2011-02-13 | 2011-09-07 | 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 | Device for measuring soil moisture |
| CN103782876A (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2014-05-14 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | Intelligent, automatic and efficient drip irrigation system meeting requirement of soil for water and nutrients |
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| JP2017136515A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2017-08-10 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | Apparatus and method for decontaminating contaminated earth |
| CN105758901A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-07-13 | 南京农业大学 | Moisture measurement method and device of vertical section of farmland soil |
| CN211603182U (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-09-29 | 深圳市万卉园景观工程有限公司 | Soil water salt migration analogue means |
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