CN112629986A - Device and method for extracting clay particles - Google Patents
Device and method for extracting clay particles Download PDFInfo
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- CN112629986A CN112629986A CN202011341292.7A CN202011341292A CN112629986A CN 112629986 A CN112629986 A CN 112629986A CN 202011341292 A CN202011341292 A CN 202011341292A CN 112629986 A CN112629986 A CN 112629986A
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012488 sample solution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 21
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002372 labelling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/19—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis
- B01F27/192—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis with dissimilar elements
- B01F27/1921—Stirrers with two or more mixing elements mounted in sequence on the same axis with dissimilar elements comprising helical elements and paddles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/90—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with paddles or arms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/92—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with helices or screws
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
Abstract
The invention provides a clay particle extraction device and a clay particle extraction method, and the clay particle extraction device comprises a spiral stirrer, a plug and a barrel with an open upper end, wherein the plug is arranged at an opening of the barrel, a through hole is formed in the center of the plug, the bottom of the spiral stirrer penetrates through the through hole and extends into the barrel, the spiral stirrer comprises a circular pipe and an external thread arranged on the outer wall of the circular pipe, the circular pipe is a hollow circular pipe with an open upper end and a closed bottom, blades are arranged at the bottom of the circular pipe, small holes are formed in the side wall of the circular pipe, and scale marks. The device has simple structure and reasonable design, can simultaneously realize the rotary stirring and the up-and-down stirring of the soil solution, and ensures that the distribution of soil particles with various particle sizes of the soil solution is more uniform; through setting up the open cavity pipe in upper end, increased the function of absorbing solution, the pipe bottom is sealed and set up the aperture at the pipe lateral wall, has avoided selecting separately interface department to produce turbulent motion to reduce the absorption to the powder, improved the purity that the clay granule drawed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for extracting clay particles.
Background
With the increase of human engineering activities in recent years, engineering accidents related to the human engineering activities frequently occur, wherein the engineering accidents in the geotechnical engineering field are not lacked, and the foundation of the geotechnical engineering field is the research on soil. The engineering characteristics of soils in different regions have obvious differences, and one of the reasons for the differences is the content of clay particles in the soil. The contact mode and the pore size distribution among the soil particles can be changed by the content of the clay particles, so that the engineering mechanical properties of the soil are influenced. Therefore, the clay particles in the soil can be accurately and effectively extracted, the understanding of the mechanical properties of different types of earthwork can be enhanced, and the method has important significance for correctly guiding engineering practice.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device for extracting clay particles, which is directed to the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art. The device is simple in structure and reasonable in design, and can simultaneously realize the rotary stirring and the up-and-down stirring of the soil solution by arranging the spiral stirrer, so that the distribution of soil particles with various particle sizes of the soil solution is more uniform; meanwhile, the round pipe of the spiral stirrer is provided with scale marks, so that the solution is accurately extracted and fixed, the manual operation error is reduced, and the test result has high repeatability; the spiral agitator opens the cavity pipe through setting up the upper end for the agitator has increased the function of absorbing the solution, and the pipe bottom is sealed and is offered the aperture at the pipe lateral wall, has avoided selecting separately interface department to produce turbulent motion, thereby has reduced the absorption to the powder, has improved the purity that the clay granule drawed.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the utility model provides a draw clay granule's device, a serial communication port, includes spiral agitator, stopper and the open barrel in upper end, the lateral wall of barrel is transparent, the stopper sets up in the barrel opening part, and the through-hole has been seted up at the stopper center, the bottom of spiral agitator is passed in the through-hole stretches into the barrel, the spiral agitator includes the transparent pipe of lateral wall and sets up in the external screw thread of pipe outer wall, the pipe is the open and bottom confined cavity pipe in upper end, and the blade is installed to the pipe bottom, and the aperture has been seted up to the pipe lateral wall, is provided with the scale mark on the pipe, the pore wall of through-hole be provided with external screw.
Foretell device of drawing clay granule, its characterized in that, the upper portion of pipe is provided with two and blocks piece, and pipe upper portion just is located two and blocks that the cover is equipped with between the piece and hold a section of thick bamboo.
The device for extracting clay particles is characterized in that the number of the small holes is multiple, and the small holes are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the circular tube.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for extracting clay particles by adopting the device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying a soil sample to be extracted, mixing and infiltrating a dispersing agent, distilled water and the dried soil sample, and heating and boiling the infiltrated mixture to obtain a dispersed soil sample solution;
step two, sieving the dispersed soil sample solution, placing the undersize in a cylinder of the device of claim 1, adding distilled water to 1000mL, and installing a plug and a spiral stirrer;
step three, uniformly stirring the solution in the cylinder by using a spiral stirrer;
step four, according to a Stokes formula:
calculating the time t required by clay particles to settle for 30cm, then putting the device into a water bath thermostat, and standing for the time t; wherein D represents the particle size of clay particles, and the unit is mm; k represents the soil particle specific gravity, the water unit weight and the relevant parameters of the water viscosity coefficient, and the parameters can be obtained by looking up a table; l represents the descending distance of the soil particles and has the unit of cm; t represents the time required by the soil particles to descend by the distance L, and the unit is min;
observing scale marks of a circular tube in the device, adjusting the bottom of the spiral stirrer to a position 30cm away from the upper liquid level of the tube body, connecting a suction pipe with the top end of the circular tube, sucking the upper 30cm solution in the tube body after the time t of standing for the time needed by;
and step six, repeating the step three to the step five until the upper layer 30cm of solution in the cylinder body is clear.
The method is characterized in that in the step one, the dispersant is sodium hexametaphosphate, and the mass ratio of the dispersant to the dried soil sample is 1: (30-40).
The method is characterized in that the soaking time in the step one is not less than 24 hours.
The method is characterized in that the boiling time in the step one is not less than 0.5 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. compared with the traditional clay particle extraction method, the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the heating and boiling process is added in the solution preparation process, the electrochemical agglomeration characteristic of the clay particles is greatly reduced, the clay particles in the solution are more dispersed, and the extraction amount of the clay particles is increased;
2. according to the method, the extraction depth of the soil-water mixed solution is increased to 30cm from 10cm in the traditional method, so that the extraction amount of the solution is increased each time, the extraction times are reduced, the time required by the operation process is shortened, and the extraction efficiency of clay particles is improved;
3. the device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure and reasonable in design, and can simultaneously realize the rotary stirring and the up-and-down stirring of the soil solution by arranging the spiral stirrer, so that the distribution of soil particles with various particle sizes of the soil solution is more uniform;
4. according to the spiral stirrer, the upper end of the hollow circular tube is open, so that the stirrer is added with a solution absorbing function, the bottom of the circular tube is closed, and the side wall of the circular tube is provided with the small holes, so that turbulent motion at a separation interface is avoided, the absorption of powder particles is reduced, and the clay particle extraction purity is improved;
5. the round tube of the spiral stirrer is provided with the scale marks, so that the solution is accurately extracted and fixed, the manual operation error is avoided, and the test result has higher repeatability.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the construction of the helical agitator of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a histogram of the theoretical content of cosmid extraction by the conventional method and the method of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a bar graph of the purity of the cosmid extraction by the conventional method and the method of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a helical agitator; 1-round tube; 1-2-leaf;
1-3-small hole; 1-4-external threads; 1-5-barriers;
2, holding the cylinder; 3-a plug; 4, a cylinder body.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the device for extracting clay particles of the present embodiment comprises a helical agitator 1, a plug 3 and a cylinder 4 with an open upper end, the side wall of the cylinder body 4 is transparent, the plug 3 is arranged at the opening of the cylinder body 4, the center of the plug 3 is provided with a through hole, the bottom of the spiral stirrer 1 penetrates through the through hole and extends into the cylinder 4, the spiral stirrer 1 comprises a round pipe 1-1 with a transparent side wall and an external thread 1-4 arranged on the outer wall of the round pipe 1-1, the round pipe 1-1 is a hollow round pipe with an open upper end and a closed bottom, the bottom of the round pipe 1-1 is provided with blades 1-2, the side wall of the round pipe 1-1 is provided with small holes 1-3, the round pipe 1-1 is provided with scale marks, and the wall of the through hole is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread 1-4.
In this embodiment, two blocking pieces 1-5 are arranged on the upper portion of the circular tube 1-1, a holding cylinder 2 is sleeved on the upper portion of the circular tube 1-1 and between the two blocking pieces 1-5, the inner diameter of the holding cylinder 2 is slightly larger than the diameter of the upper portion of the helical mixer 1, and the blocking pieces 1-5 can ensure that the holding cylinder 2 and the helical mixer 1 cannot be separated.
In this embodiment, the cylinder 4 may be a measuring cylinder with a capacity of 1000 mL.
In this embodiment, the number of the small holes 1-3 is multiple, and the small holes 1-3 are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the circular tube 1-1.
Example 2
The method for extracting clay particles by using the device in embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
drying a soil sample to be extracted, mixing 1.5g of dispersing agent sodium hexametaphosphate, 200mL of distilled water and 50g of dried soil sample, soaking for more than 24 hours, heating and boiling the soaked mixture for not less than 0.5 hour to obtain a dispersed soil sample solution;
wherein, the mass ratio of the dispersing agent to the dried soil sample is kept between 1: (30-40);
step two, sieving the dispersed soil sample solution, placing the undersize in a cylinder 4 of the device of claim 1, adding distilled water to 1000mL, and installing a plug 3 and a spiral stirrer 1;
step three, uniformly stirring the solution in the cylinder 4 by using a spiral stirrer 1;
step four, according to a Stokes formula:
calculating the time t required by clay particles to settle for 30cm, then putting the device into a water bath thermostat, and standing for the time t; wherein D represents the particle size of clay particles, and the unit is mm; k represents the soil particle specific gravity, the water unit weight and the relevant parameters of the water viscosity coefficient, and the parameters can be obtained by looking up a table; l represents the descending distance of the soil particles and has the unit of cm; t represents the time required by the soil particles to descend by the distance L, and the unit is min;
in the embodiment, the particle size D of clay particles is 0.002mm, K is 0.01254, and L is 30cm, and the particle size D is substituted into a stokes formula to calculate t ═ 1179 min;
observing the scale mark of a circular tube 1-1 in the device, adjusting the bottom of a spiral stirrer 1 to a position 30cm away from the liquid level of the upper layer of a cylinder 4, connecting a suction pipe with the top end of the circular tube 1-1, sucking out the solution of the upper layer 30cm in the cylinder 4 after the time t of standing is needed from the inner wall of a corresponding small hole 1-3 of the circular tube 1-1, drying, and adding distilled water into the cylinder 4 to 1000 mL;
and step six, repeating the step three to the step five until the upper layer 30cm of solution in the cylinder 4 is clear.
The experimental principle of the invention is as follows: under the action of gravity, particles with different particle sizes in still water have different sedimentation rates, and the soil particles are classified according to the particle sizes of the soil particles, so that the clay particles with smaller particle sizes can be sorted by using a still water sedimentation method.
The experimental basis is as follows: stokes formula for sink velocity
Suppose that: firstly, the soil particles are all spherical particles, the surfaces are smooth, and the densities are the same;
the soil particles are not interfered with each other, and are free to settle without turbulent motion.
Under the condition of meeting the assumed conditions, the sinking rate of the soil particles in constant-temperature still water is in direct proportion to the square of the particle size, and the formula is as follows:
wherein D represents the particle size of clay particles, and the unit is mm; k represents the soil particle specific gravity, the water unit weight and the relevant parameters of the water viscosity coefficient, and the parameters can be obtained by looking up a table; l represents the descending distance of the soil particles and has the unit of cm; t represents the time required by the soil particles to descend by the distance L, and the unit is min; l/t represents the sedimentation rate.
The clay particle extraction test is carried out on 5 groups of dried soil samples by adopting the device and the method, and the traditional method is used as a comparison test. Table 1 shows the content of extracted cosmids under the action of the conventional method and the method of the present invention, and 5 sets of data are listed, and by comparing the mean values of the content of extracted cosmids under the action of different methods, it can be seen that the content of extracted cosmids in the method of the present invention is effectively increased.
TABLE 1 Clay extraction content
In the table, the variation coefficient is defined as the ratio of the labeling difference to the average value, and can represent the dispersion degree between different groups of data, and the larger the variation coefficient is, the higher the data dispersion degree is, i.e. the larger the content result difference of each extraction of the cosmids is. According to the comparison, the coefficient of variation of the extracted content of the cosmids under the action of the method is smaller, which shows that the artificial error of the extracted content of the cosmids under the action of the method is smaller, and the repeatability is higher.
Fig. 3 is a bar graph of the data in the above table, and it can be seen from the graph that the method of the present invention has significantly increased content of extracted cosmids and smaller data fluctuation than the conventional method.
Table 2 shows the ideal and actual values of the content of extracted cosmids in the conventional method and the method of the present invention. According to an ideal state, only sticky particles exist in the extracted solution, so that the total particle amount of the extracted clay particle solution after drying is called an ideal value. However, in the actual extraction of the clay solution, more or less silt particles are always taken in, so that the purity of the extracted clay particles needs to be re-determined, and the re-determined clay content value is referred to as an actual value. The ratio of the actual value to the ideal value is defined as the purity, the greater the ratio, the higher the purity.
TABLE 2 ideal and actual values for the content of extracted cosmids
According to the data in table 2, the content of extracted cosmids under the action of the method according to the invention is significantly increased, both for the ideal value and for the actual value. The average value of the content and purity of the sticky grains extracted by the traditional method is 66%, and the average value of the content and purity of the sticky grains extracted by the method is 81%, so that the content and purity of the sticky grains extracted by the method are also obviously improved.
Fig. 4 is a bar graph of purity data of table 2, which visually demonstrates that the method of the present invention has significantly increased purity of extracted content of cosmids and less data fluctuation than the conventional method.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and all simple modifications, changes and equivalent structural changes made to the above embodiment according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The device for extracting clay particles is characterized by comprising a spiral stirrer (1), a plug (3) and a barrel (4) with an open upper end, wherein the side wall of the barrel (4) is transparent, the plug (3) is arranged at the opening of the barrel (4), a through hole is formed in the center of the plug (3), the bottom of the spiral stirrer (1) penetrates through the through hole to stretch into the barrel (4), the spiral stirrer (1) comprises a round pipe (1-1) with a transparent side wall and an external thread (1-4) arranged on the outer wall of the round pipe (1-1), the round pipe (1-1) is a hollow round pipe with an open upper end and a closed bottom, blades (1-2) are arranged at the bottom of the round pipe (1-1), small holes (1-3) are formed in the side wall of the round pipe (1-1), and scale marks are arranged on the round pipe (1-1), the wall of the through hole is provided with an internal thread matched with the external thread (1-4).
2. The device for extracting clay particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the upper part of the circular tube (1-1) is provided with two blocking members (1-5), and a holding cylinder (2) is sleeved on the upper part of the circular tube (1-1) and between the two blocking members (1-5).
3. The device for extracting clay particles as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of the small holes (1-3) is plural, and the plural small holes (1-3) are uniformly distributed along the axial direction of the circular tube (1-1).
4. Method for extracting clay particles using a device according to claim 1, comprising the following steps:
drying a soil sample to be extracted, mixing and infiltrating a dispersing agent, distilled water and the dried soil sample, and heating and boiling the infiltrated mixture to obtain a dispersed soil sample solution;
step two, sieving the dispersed soil sample solution, placing the undersize in a cylinder (4) of the device according to claim 1, adding distilled water to 1000mL, and installing a plug (3) and a spiral stirrer (1);
step three, uniformly stirring the solution in the cylinder (4) by using a spiral stirrer (1);
step four, according to a Stokes formula:
calculating the time t required by clay particles to settle for 30cm, then putting the device into a water bath thermostat, and standing for the time t; wherein D represents the particle size of clay particles, and the unit is mm; k represents the soil particle specific gravity, the water unit weight and the relevant parameters of the water viscosity coefficient, and the parameters can be obtained by looking up a table; l represents the descending distance of the soil particles and has the unit of cm; t represents the time required by the soil particles to descend by the distance L, and the unit is min;
observing the scale marks of the circular tube (1-1) in the device, adjusting the bottom of the spiral stirrer (1) to a position 30cm away from the upper liquid level of the tube body (4), connecting a suction pipe with the top end of the circular tube (1-1), sucking out the upper 30cm solution in the tube body (4) which needs to stand for t time from the inner wall of the corresponding small hole (1-3) of the circular tube (1-1), drying, and adding distilled water into the tube body (4) to 1000 mL;
and step six, repeating the step three to the step five until the upper layer 30cm of solution in the cylinder body (4) is clear.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the dispersant in the first step is sodium hexametaphosphate, and the mass ratio of the dispersant to the dried soil sample is 1: (30-40).
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the soaking time in step one is not less than 24 hours.
7. A method according to claim 4, wherein the boiling time in step one is not less than 0.5 h.
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