CN105118996B - A kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon - Google Patents

A kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon Download PDF

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CN105118996B
CN105118996B CN201510557635.6A CN201510557635A CN105118996B CN 105118996 B CN105118996 B CN 105118996B CN 201510557635 A CN201510557635 A CN 201510557635A CN 105118996 B CN105118996 B CN 105118996B
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silicon
nano
dispersing
dispersion
anchoring group
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CN105118996A (en
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李新海
张辉华
郭华军
王志兴
杨阳
彭文杰
胡启阳
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Central South University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon, comprise the following steps:(1) nano silica fume is dissolved in polar solvent and stirred and be made into the nanometer silicon liquid that solid content is 1%~20%;(2) nanometer silicon liquid is carried out using physical dispersion pre-dispersed;(3) many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersants are added in the solution after step (2) is pre-dispersed, and stirred, that is, obtain finely dispersed nano-silicon dispersion liquid.Present invention employs the method that mechanical dispersion is combined with chemical dispersion, and have selected many anchoring group ethers hyper-dispersants being mutually matched with nanometer silicon face and solvent property, dispersiveness and the preferable nano-silicon pre-dispersed liquid of stability have been obtained, serious agglomeration traits of the nano silica fume encountered in silicon-carbon cathode material application are improved.

Description

A kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon, more particularly to a kind of polymer using many anchoring bases are ultra-dispersed Agent disperses the method for nano-silicon.
Background technology
Silicon is the focus material of lithium ion battery negative material research in recent years, and silicon has very high theoretical capacity (high Up to 4200mAh/g), it is the excellent substitute of graphite material, much larger than the theoretical capacity of graphite, and unlike graphite has solvation Effect, but have huge bulk effect in its charge and discharge process, up to 400%.Pure silicon material in cyclic process by In its huge bulk effect, in the expansion repeatedly during charge and discharge with that can be concatenated to form in contraction process on its surface SEI films, consume electrolyte, cause the rapid decay of capacity, and can destroy during dilation the conductive network of material, Its electric conductivity is deteriorated rapidly so that capacity decay to rapidly it is almost nil.
In order to avoid alleviating the harm that its volumetric expansion is brought to electrode material, many solutions, nanosizing have been emerged in large numbers Silicon materials, porous silica material, silicon metallic composite, Si-C composite material.It designs original intention and is for alleviating silicon materials The harm that huge system effect is brought, main design idea is based primarily upon following a few classes:1) silicon materials nanosizing is to reduce The degree of volumetric expansion;2) " rivet effect " restrains bulk effect with external stress, has thus derived the various of silicon face Cladding;3) preparation of volume padded coaming, such design philosophy is the presence of some flexible materials around silicon grain, can be suppressed Silicon expands the destruction to electrode.
It is to be expected to replace the next of graphite cathode material on a large scale and silicon carbon material is the focus of a research at this stage For commercial product, its is conductive excellent, and synthetic method is various, the advantages of advantage of lower cost.The silicon-carbon of function admirable is born In the preparation process of pole material, one of key point is exactly the scattering problem of nano silicon material, dispersed and stable The preparation of silicon pre-dispersed liquid is significant in the preparation process of silicon carbon material, if can not be in storage and material in silicon pre-dispersed liquid Expect in building-up process in stable dispersity, then ensuing material can cause the reunion of silicon seriously in preparing, occur Larger silicon agglomerated particle, even if local after synthesis silicon-carbon cathode material still can show huge bulk effect, causes The consequences such as battery material circulation conservation rate difference.
Chinese patent CN 102702796A, publication date on October 3rd, 2012, improve nano-silicon lapping liquid dispersive property Method, discloses using ball milling micron silicon grain wearing into silicon nanoparticle, anionic dispersing agents are added in process of lapping, So that dispersant adsorption in silicon nanoparticle surface modification silicon lapping liquid dispersive property.Chinese patent CN 1544335A, it is open In on November 10th, 2004 day, disclose and different anionic dispersing agents are added in titanium oxide dispersion, achieve certain Dispersion effect.But, the above method is the dispersant for directly having used in the market common, is failed to the solute table to be disperseed Further research is made in the screening of surface properties and dispersant, reaches that scattered and stablizing effect is also not satisfactory.At present, for receiving Rice design of material many hyper-dispersant excessively, but the Molecular Design of most hyper-dispersants is unreasonable not to cause effect also not It is very preferable.
Therefore, select a kind of suitable on the premise of the surface nature of decentralized medium and residing dicyandiamide solution is considered comprehensively Process for dispersing and suitable dispersant it is most important to preparing stable nano-silicon dispersion liquid.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided a kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical scheme proposed by the present invention is:
A kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon, comprises the following steps:
(1) nano silica fume is dissolved in polar solvent and stirred and be made into the nanometer silicon liquid that solid content is 1%~20%;
(2) it is pre-dispersed to nanometer silicon liquid progress using physical dispersion, open the soft-agglomerated of nano-silicon;
(3) many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersants are added in the solution after step (2) is pre-dispersed, and stirred, Obtain finely dispersed nano-silicon dispersion liquid.
Above-mentioned process for dispersing, it is preferred that the anchoring group effect group of many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersants For carboxyl, solvent chain is polyether chain.
Above-mentioned process for dispersing, it is preferred that the anchoring group of many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersants is polyene Sour chain, monomer structure is RCH=CH-COOH, and wherein R is alkyl;Solvent chain is polyvinyl methyl ether chain, monomer knot Structure is CH2=CH-OCH3
Above-mentioned process for dispersing, it is preferred that many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersant structural formulas are as follows:
R is alkyl in formula.
Above-mentioned process for dispersing, it is preferred that the anchoring group degree of polymerization 10<n<30, the degree of polymerization 15 of solvent chain<m<40. The suitable degree of polymerization just can guarantee that dispersion effect is good.
Above-mentioned process for dispersing, it is preferred that in the step (2), the method for physical dispersion is handled and/or super for dispersion machine Sound wave decentralized processing;Wherein dispersion machine handle when spinner velocity be 5000~50000r/min, processing time be 0.1~ 300min;During ultrasonic disperse processing, instrument power is 300~2000w, temperature control at 5~50 DEG C, processing time is 0.1~ 300min。
Above-mentioned process for dispersing, it is preferred that in the step (1), polar solvent is water, glycerine or dimethyl sulfoxide.
Above-mentioned process for dispersing, it is preferred that in the step (3), the addition of many anchoring group ethers hyper-dispersants is The 1%~50% of nano silica fume quality;The time of stirring is 0.5~24h.
The present invention has investigated the group of the electrical and surface institute band of nanometer silicon face, several nano-silicons common in the market Powder has carried out particle surface Zeta potential measurement result and has been shown in Table 1, it can be seen that nanometer prepared by various different manufacturers distinct methods Silicon powder surface is negatively charged.
It is theoretical according to DLOV, if using cation dispersing agent for the scattered of such particle, it will neutralize surface charge Causing Van der Waals force to be more than repulsive force causes rapid reunion;And if using anionic dispersing agents, because like charges are mutually arranged Denounce and can not occur effective absorption.Infrared spectrum point is carried out by the nano silica fume produced to Guilin Minerals & Geologic Academy Analysis is selected in the anchoring group of dispersant as shown in figure 1, it is known that nano-silicon molecular surface is rich in there is a substantial amounts of oh group Select and select carboxylic group, it is contemplated that the hydrogen bond action that carboxyl and hydroxyl occur is weak force, and single anchoring group will not Firm combination can be formed with silicon nanoparticle, therefore anchoring group section must have the structure of multiple hydroxyls.In the choosing of solvent chain Select:To have in aqueous systems preferably water-soluble and good steric hindrance effect must be played, we have selected poly- herein Ether chain is as solvent chain, and its highly polar functional group having can guarantee that backbone fully unfolds to be formed in polar solvent and fill The steric hindrance divided.Therefore selection possesses the anchor chain of multiple carboxylic group compositions and the solvent chain of polyethers composition, completely full The demand that sufficient nano-silicon disperses in polar system.Many anchoring group hyper-dispersants and silicon nanoparticle effect schematic diagram such as Fig. 2 institutes Show, with the hydroxyl of nanometer silicon face hydrogen bond action occurs for the anchoring group of hyper-dispersant, the solvent chain of polyethers stretches into solvent In serve inhibition.
The zeta current potentials of the nano-silicon of the different manufacturers of table 1
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that:
(1) present invention is succinctly effective using many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersant molecular structures, the monomer of anchoring group It is simple in construction to be readily synthesized for olefin(e) acid class;Polyvinyl methyl ether is selected on solvent chain, its is simple in construction, it is water-soluble strong.
(2) present invention employs the method that mechanical dispersion is combined with chemical dispersion, and have selected with nanometer silicon face and Many anchoring group ethers hyper-dispersants that solvent property is mutually matched, have obtained dispersiveness and the preferable nano-silicon of stability is pre- Dispersion liquid, improves serious agglomeration traits of the nano silica fume encountered in silicon-carbon cathode material application.
(3) whole process of the invention is carried out in polar solvent, is the follow-up low cost of silicon-carbon cathode material, more options Processing create condition.
(4) present invention disperses nano-silicon using many anchoring group ethers hyper-dispersants, scattered relative to traditional nano-silicon Method dispersion effect is far better, while the process for dispersing technique of the present invention is simple, only needs mechanical dispersion and adds hyper-dispersant With regard to good effect can be reached.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the infrared spectrogram of Guilin Minerals & Geologic Academy's nano-silicon.
Fig. 2 disperses the effect schematic diagram of silicon nanoparticle for the present invention using many anchoring group ethers hyper-dispersants.
Fig. 3 is the SEM figures of nano-silicon dispersion liquid prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 4 is undispersed nano-silicon SEM figures in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Embodiment
For the ease of understanding the present invention, more complete is made to the present invention below in conjunction with Figure of description and preferred embodiment Face, meticulously describe, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to embodiment in detail below.
Unless otherwise defined, the implication that all technical terms used hereinafter are generally understood that with those skilled in the art It is identical.Technical term used herein is intended merely to describe the purpose of specific embodiment, is not intended to the limitation present invention Protection domain.
Except there is a special instruction, the various reagents used in the present invention, raw material be can be commercially commodity or Person can pass through product made from known method.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon of the invention, comprises the following steps:Guilin Minerals & Geologic Academy is produced Nano silica fume (reuniting serious, average grain is about 80nm) is added to the nanometer for being stirred in pure water and being made into that solid content is 1% Silicon liquid, is placed in ultrasonic cleaning instrument and controls water temperature to be 20~30 DEG C, and ultrasonic power is scattered 20min under conditions of 300w, then Many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersants (molecular weight is 2000) of silica flour quality 5% are added, using mechanical agitation 6h, are divided Dissipate uniform nano-silicon dispersion liquid.Nano-silicon dispersion liquid granularity is measured for 191nm;Its electron-microscope scanning figure as shown in figure 3,
Nano-silicon dispersion liquid sealing and standing manufactured in the present embodiment is measured to its granularity for 207nm after 15 days, be subsequently placed in Granularity is measured in 80 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control after 40h for 201nm.
The silicon nanoparticle that the present embodiment is used is schemed as shown in figure 4, particle agglomeration is tight without the SEM before dispersant processing Weight, substantially without primary particle.Compared from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, process for dispersing of the invention is that the degree of scatter of nano-silicon improves It is huge.
Comparative example 1:
The nano-silicon of this comparative example disperses detailed process:Granularity is added to pure water solution for 80nm nano-silicon powder Stir the nanometer silicon liquid for being made into that solid content is 1%, is placed in ultrasonic cleaning instrument and controls water temperature under conditions of 20~30 DEG C Scattered 20min, then adds the cetyl trimethylammonium bromide of silica flour weight 5%, and 6h is stirred using mechanical agitation oar.Stand The granularity that 30min thickness measures nano-silicon dispersion liquid is 723nm, stands the layering that occurs in that more obvious turbid clear liquid for 4 days and big Amount precipitation falls to beaker bottom.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon of the invention, comprises the following steps:Guilin Minerals & Geologic Academy is produced Nano silica fume (reuniting serious, average grain is about 80nm) is added to the nanometer for being stirred in pure water and being made into that solid content is 1% Silicon liquid, disperses 20min with 30000r/min rotating speeds using high speed dispersor, then adds many anchoring groups of silica flour quality 10% Polyethers hyper-dispersant (molecular weight is 2000), using mechanical agitation 6h, obtains finely dispersed nano-silicon dispersion liquid.Measure and receive Rice silicon dispersion liquid granularity is 233nm;Sealing and standing measures nano-silicon dispersion liquid granularity after 15 days is 231nm.
Comparative example 2:
The nano-silicon of this comparative example disperses detailed process:Nano silica fume (the group that Guilin Minerals & Geologic Academy is produced Poly- serious, average grain is 80nm) the silicon pre-dispersed liquid for being stirred in pure water and being made into that solid content is 1% is added to, use height Fast dispersion machine disperses 20min with 30000r/min rotating speeds, then adds the lauryl sodium sulfate of silica flour weight 10%, utilizes machine Tool agitating paddle stirs 6h.Stand 30min and measure the granularity of nano-silicon dispersion liquid for 521nm, stand 4 days visible substantial majority Beaker bottom is fallen to, the layering of more obvious turbid clear liquid is occurred in that.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon of the invention, comprises the following steps:Guilin Minerals & Geologic Academy is produced Nano silica fume (reuniting serious, average grain is about 80nm) is added to the nanometer for being stirred in pure water and being made into that solid content is 5% Silicon liquid, to be placed in ultrasonic cleaning instrument and control water temperature be 20~30 DEG C, ultrasonic power is scattered 20min under conditions of 300w, then Many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersants (molecular weight is 2000) of silica flour quality 20% are added, using mechanical agitation 6h, are obtained Finely dispersed nano-silicon dispersion liquid.Nano-silicon dispersion liquid granularity is measured for 223nm.Sealing and standing measures granularity after 15 days 231nm, then be placed in 80 DEG C of water bath with thermostatic control after 40h and measure granularity for 229nm.
Comparative example 3:
The nano-silicon of this comparative example disperses detailed process:Nano silica fume (the group that Guilin Minerals & Geologic Academy is produced Poly- serious, average grain is 80nm) the silicon pre-dispersed liquid for being stirred in pure water and being made into that solid content is 5% is added to, it is placed in super Water temperature is controlled in sound cleaning device is 20~30 DEG C, ultrasonic power is to disperse 20min under conditions of 300w, then adds silica flour weight 20% polyvinylpyrrolidone (molecular weight is 5000), 6h is stirred using mechanical agitation oar.Standing 30min measures granularity and is 221nm, stands the visible layering for substantially partly falling to beaker bottom, occurring in that visible turbid clear liquid in 15 days.
The present invention is can be seen that from above-mentioned specific embodiment and comparative example to be combined using physical dispersion and chemical dispersion Method and selected matching many anchoring bases polymeric hyperdispersants, obtained dispersiveness, the good silicon dispersion liquid of stability, The effect more excellent than traditional process for dispersing is shown, the reunion in the use of nano-silicon in silicon-carbon cathode is preferably solved Problem.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of process for dispersing of nano-silicon, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(1) nano silica fume is dissolved in polar solvent and stirred and be made into the nanometer silicon liquid that solid content is 1%~20%;
(2) nanometer silicon liquid is carried out using physical dispersion pre-dispersed;
(3) many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersants are added in the solution after step (2) is pre-dispersed, and stirred, produced To finely dispersed nano-silicon dispersion liquid;
Wherein, the anchoring group of many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersants is polyolefin acid chain, and monomer structure is RCH= CH-COOH, wherein R are alkyl;Solvent chain is polyvinyl methyl ether chain, and monomer structure is CH2=CH-OCH3
2. process for dispersing as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that many anchoring group polyethers hyper-dispersant structural formulas It is as follows:
R is alkyl in formula;
The degree of polymerization 10 of anchoring group<n<30, the degree of polymerization 15 of solvent chain<m<40.
3. the process for dispersing as described in any one of claim 1~2, it is characterised in that in the step (2), physical dispersion Method is that dispersion machine is handled and/or ultrasonic wave decentralized processing;Spinner velocity is 5000~50000r/ when wherein dispersion machine is handled Min, processing time is 0.1~300min;During ultrasonic disperse processing, instrument power is 300~2000w, and temperature control is 5~50 DEG C, processing time is 0.1~300min.
4. the process for dispersing as described in any one of claim 1~2, it is characterised in that in the step (1), polar solvent is Water, glycerine or dimethyl sulfoxide.
5. the process for dispersing as described in any one of claim 1~2, it is characterised in that in the step (3), many anchoring groups The addition of ethers hyper-dispersant is the 1%~50% of nano silica fume quality;The time of stirring is 0.5~24h.
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CN108199046B (en) * 2017-12-26 2020-10-30 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 Binder and lithium ion battery
CN110890537B (en) * 2018-09-11 2023-08-04 江苏中能硅业科技发展有限公司 Production method of high-purity nanocrystalline silicon
CN110247046A (en) * 2019-07-19 2019-09-17 深圳职业技术学院 A kind of preparation method of lithium ion battery CA/ nano Si/graphene composite negative pole

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CN102702796A (en) * 2012-05-28 2012-10-03 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Method for improving dispersion property of nanosilicon grinding fluid

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CN1830808A (en) * 2006-03-28 2006-09-13 上海华明高技术(集团)有限公司 Nanometer titanium dioxide water pulp and its preparation method
CN101530760A (en) * 2009-04-28 2009-09-16 中国水利水电科学研究院 Polyether-based polycarboxylic acid series hyper-dispersant and synthetizing method
CN102702796A (en) * 2012-05-28 2012-10-03 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 Method for improving dispersion property of nanosilicon grinding fluid

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