CN112624817A

CN112624817A - Method for promoting compost maturity

Info

Publication number: CN112624817A
Application number: CN202011370023.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张继宁; 周胜; 孙会峰; 张鲜鲜; 王从
Original assignee: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-11-30
Filing date: 2020-11-30
Publication date: 2021-04-09

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for promoting compost maturity. The straw, the pig manure and the glass pumice are fully and uniformly mixed and then composted, ventilation is carried out in the composting process, the mass ratio of the added straw to the pig manure is 1 (4-5), and the adding amount of the glass pumice is 5% -15% of the mass of the pig manure. The addition of the glass pumice not only promotes the degradation of organic materials in the compost and the humification degree of the compost materials, but also can adsorb and fix ammonia in the compost materials. The light glass stone for promoting compost maturity is cheap and easy to obtain, and has important practical significance for application and popularization of compost.

Description

Method for promoting compost maturity

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizers, and in particular relates to a method for promoting compost maturity.

Background

The rural solid waste mainly comprises straw, tailed vegetables and livestock and poultry manure. Direct returning to the field is an economic and direct means in comprehensive utilization of straws, but small peasant household operation causes dispersion of straw resources, uniform management is difficult, and risks of discarding and open-air incineration are increased. The solid wastes are buried or stacked, and the generated leachate is diffused along with surface runoff to pollute the surrounding water and soil.

Aerobic composting is a method for converting straws and organic matters in livestock and poultry manure into farmyard manure by using aerobic microorganisms to absorb, oxidize and decompose the organic matters in the straws and the livestock and poultry manure under an aerobic condition. The current research on composting is numerous, focusing on mechanism, process optimization and special solid waste composting. Aerobic composting technology is divided into a strip stack type, a static stacking type, a groove type and a reactor type, and some household small composting devices are provided, however, the current composting technology has the problems of low organic matter degradation degree and the like.

The addition of the auxiliary regulator is a way to promote the degradation of organic matter in the composting process. Although the chemical additives have an accelerating effect, the effect thereof is time-efficient, and as composting progresses, the chemical additives are decomposed by microorganisms or react with other ions to lose the effect. The mineral additive has the characteristics of porosity, high specific area and adsorption, and can effectively adjust compost pores and improve ventilation in the composting process so as to promote organic matter degradation. However, these additives are costly and use in large quantities can reduce the economic efficiency of the compost product. Therefore, the cheap additive is provided, which has important practical significance for application and popularization of the compost.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for promoting compost maturity, which utilizes glass pumice as an additive to promote the compost to be quickly matured.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method of promoting compost maturity comprising the steps of:

adding glass pumice into the compost raw materials to obtain a mixture, and then carrying out composting treatment.

Preferably, the compost raw materials are straws and pig manure.

More preferably, the length of the straw is 3-5 cm.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the straw to the pig manure is 1 (4-5).

Preferably, the adding amount of the glass pumice is 5-15% of the mass of the pig manure.

Preferably, the particle size of the glass pumice is 0.5-2 cm.

Preferably, the water content of the mixture is 50% to 70%.

Preferably, the composting time is 42 days, the compost is turned once every 7 days, ventilation is carried out in the composting process, the ventilation time is 14-21 days, and the ventilation rate is 0.01-0.03 m³·(h·kg)^-1The ventilation time is calculated from the beginning of the compost, the ventilation aims at supplying oxygen, dehumidifying and cooling, the main fermentation stage of the compost is a mineralization stage, and the ventilation supplies oxygen for the growth of microorganisms; the secondary fermentation stage of the compost is a humification stage, and ventilation is not needed.

More preferably, the water content of the mixture is adjusted to 45-60% during pile turning.

The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the glass pumice is a solid waste, and is a porous light inorganic material formed by grinding waste glass into powder, adding different auxiliaries, and roasting at a high temperature for foaming. Dense bubbles and micropores are arranged in the pumice, and the product is light in weight. Because of having certain mechanical strength, the anti extrusion, anti roll compaction, stability are good. And the material is pure inorganic substance, high-temperature roasting, sterile, non-toxic, harmless and non-radioactive. In addition, the paint has the characteristics of corrosion resistance, weather resistance, insolubility, no degradation, long service life of products and good stability.

The light glass stone is applied to promoting the compost to be quickly decomposed, and the pig manure is high in compactness and not easy to humify, so that the straw is used as a filler, the straw of 3-5 cm is used as a support, and the gap between the pig manure is increased, so that the light glass stone can better play a role, and the phenomenon that the pig manure is directly degraded is avoided.

The glass pumice is added into the compost, on one hand, the glass pumice can promote the degradation of organic materials in the compost, so that the content of water-soluble organic carbon, cellulose, hemicellulose and volatile organic matters in the compost is reduced, and the carbon-nitrogen ratio can be reduced more quickly; on the other hand, the pumice can adsorb and fix ammonia in the compost material so as to reduce the water-soluble total nitrogen and NH of the compost₄ ⁺Content (c); in addition, the glass pumice can promote humus of compost materialsTo increase the degree of composting₂₅₄Value of/DOC.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The pig manure and straw used in the embodiment of the invention are taken from pig farms and farmlands at the test station of the farm academy of agricultural sciences of Shanghai city, and the glass pumice is purchased from Jiangsu Jingreite GmbH.

Example 1

Taking 1kg of straw segments and 5kg of pig manure which are cut into 3-5 cm lengths, putting the straw segments and 5kg of pig manure into a heat-insulating box type reactor which is made of 12L of foam and is provided with an organic glass ventilation pipe at the bottom, adding 0.25kg of glass pumice with the particle size of 0.5-2 cm, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to 70%, ventilating the stack by adopting a vacuum pump with timer control, wherein the ventilation rate is controlled by a glass rotor gas flowmeter, and the ventilation rate is controlled by a glass rotor gas flowmeterIs set to 0.03m³·(h·kg)^-1Ventilating the first 21 days in the composting process, turning the compost 1 time every 7 days in the composting process, adding water to enable the water content of the materials to be 45%, and finishing the composting after 42 days. Another two groups were treated identically as parallel experiments.

Example 2

Taking 1kg of straw segments and 4kg of pig manure which are cut into 3-5 cm in length, putting the straw segments and 4kg of pig manure into a heat-insulating box type reactor which is made of 12L of foam and is provided with an organic glass ventilation pipe at the bottom, adding 0.6kg of glass pumice with the particle size of 0.5-2 cm, fully and uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content of the mixed material to 50%, ventilating the stack by adopting a vacuum pump with timer control, wherein the ventilation rate is controlled by a glass rotor gas flowmeter and is 0.01m³·(h·kg)^-1Ventilating in the first 14 days in the composting process, turning the compost 1 time every 7 days in the composting process, adding water to enable the water content of the materials to be 60%, and finishing the composting after 42 days. Another two groups were treated identically as parallel experiments.

Comparative example 1

In comparison with example 1, no pumice was added, and the other steps were the same as in example 1. Two sets of parallel experiments were also set up.

Results determination experiment:

the values determined in the following are the average values of three parallel experiments in example 1, example 2 and comparative example 1.

(1) Changes in water-soluble organic carbon (DOC), cellulose, hemicellulose, carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N), and volatile organic compound (VS) in comparative example 1 (No. CK), example 1 (No. GS5), and example 2 (No. GS15) were measured, respectively.

The change in DOC content (mg/kg) is shown in Table 1:

TABLE 1

As can be seen from table 1, the DOC content of example 1 and example 2 was reduced by 22.6% and 27.8%, respectively, at the end of composting compared to comparative example 1.

The variation of the cellulose content (mg/g) is shown in Table 2:

TABLE 2

The change in hemicellulose content (mg/g) is shown in table 3:

TABLE 3

As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, the cellulose content was reduced by 10.0% and 16.7% in examples 1 and 2, respectively, compared to comparative example 1 at the end of composting; the hemicellulose content in example 1 and example 2 was reduced by 13.4% and 17.3%, respectively, compared to comparative example 1.

The C/N changes are shown in Table 4:

TABLE 4

As can be seen from Table 4, the C/N values of examples 1, 2 and 1 reached about 10, which was consistent with each other, up to 21 days of composting. Before 21 days, the C/N of examples 1 and 2 decreased faster.

The change in VS content (%) is shown in Table 5:

TABLE 5

It can be seen from table 5 that at the end of composting the VS content of examples 1 and 2 was reduced by 9.7% and 15.3% respectively compared to comparative example 1.

Because the glass pumice is light in weight and has a porous structure, the addition of the glass pumice to compost promotes the fluffy of compost materials and the circulation of air, so that the degradation of the compost materials is facilitated. The degradation of organic materials in the compost is promoted by the pumice through the change of DOC, cellulose, hemicellulose and C/N, VS in the compost materials.

(2) Water-soluble total nitrogen (DN) and NH were measured in comparative example 1 (numbered CK), example 1 (numbered GS5) and example 2 (numbered GS15), respectively₄ ⁺And (4) content.

The DN content (mg/kg) varies as shown in Table 6:

TABLE 6

As can be seen from table 6, the DN content of example 1 and example 2 at the end of composting was reduced by 5.3% and 14.6%, respectively, compared to comparative example 1.

NH₄ ⁺The content (mg/kg) was varied as shown in Table 7:

TABLE 7

As can be seen from Table 7, the NH of examples 1 and 2 at the end of composting₄ ⁺The contents were reduced by 9.7% and 15.3%, respectively, as compared with comparative example 1.

By DN and NH in the compost material₄ ⁺The change shows that the addition of the glass pumice reduces the loss of ammonia and inhibits the volatilization of ammonia, and the pumice has the advantages of large specific surface area, strong adsorbability and the like, and can be adsorbed and fixedNH in the material₄ ⁺。

(3) SUVA was measured in comparative example 1 (No. CK), example 1 (No. GS5) and example 2 (No. GS15), respectively₂₅₄The results are given in Table 8:

TABLE 8

As can be seen from Table 8, SUVA of example 1 and example 2₂₅₄the/DOC values were 0.065 and 0.067, respectively, which are significantly higher than 0.061 of comparative example 1. SUVA₂₅₄The DOC value describes the degree of humification of the compost material during the composting process, the higher the value, the higher the humification. The results show that the addition of the glass pumice also promotes the humification degree of the compost material.

The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and they should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method of promoting compost maturity comprising the steps of:

2. A method of promoting compost maturity as claimed in claim 1 wherein said compost material is straw and pig manure.

3. A method of promoting compost maturity as claimed in claim 2 wherein said straw is 3-5 cm in length.

4. The method for promoting compost maturity according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of the straw to the pig manure is 1 (4-5).

5. A method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the amount of the pumice added is 5-15% of the mass of the pig manure.

6. A method for promoting compost maturity as claimed in claim 1 wherein said glass pumice has a particle size of 0.5 to 2 cm.

7. A method of promoting compost maturity as claimed in claim 1 wherein said mixture has a moisture content of 50% to 70%.

8. A method for promoting compost maturity according to any one of claims 1-7 characterized in that the time of composting is 42 days, the compost is turned over every 7 days, the aeration is carried out during the composting process, the time of aeration is 14-21 days, and the aeration rate is 0.01-0.03 m³·(h·kg)^-1。

9. A method for promoting compost maturity as claimed in claim 8 wherein the moisture content of the mixture is adjusted to 45-60% during pile turning.