CN112624634A - Desulfurization and decarburization system and desulfurization and decarburization method - Google Patents

Desulfurization and decarburization system and desulfurization and decarburization method Download PDF

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CN112624634A
CN112624634A CN202011488572.0A CN202011488572A CN112624634A CN 112624634 A CN112624634 A CN 112624634A CN 202011488572 A CN202011488572 A CN 202011488572A CN 112624634 A CN112624634 A CN 112624634A
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desulfurization
carbon dioxide
reaction tank
rotary kiln
calcium
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张照鹏
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/10Preheating, burning calcining or cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50Sulfur oxides
    • B01D53/501Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound
    • B01D53/502Sulfur oxides by treating the gases with a solution or a suspension of an alkali or earth-alkali or ammonium compound characterised by a specific solution or suspension
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/62Carbon oxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/80Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01BNON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50Carbon dioxide
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/02Oxides or hydroxides
    • C01F11/04Oxides or hydroxides by thermal decomposition
    • C01F11/06Oxides or hydroxides by thermal decomposition of carbonates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/46Sulfates
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2/00Lime, magnesia or dolomite
    • C04B2/02Lime
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/40Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds
    • B01D2251/404Alkaline earth metal or magnesium compounds of calcium
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2251/00Reactants
    • B01D2251/60Inorganic bases or salts
    • B01D2251/604Hydroxides
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2258/00Sources of waste gases
    • B01D2258/02Other waste gases
    • B01D2258/0283Flue gases

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas desulfurization and decarbonization processes, and discloses a desulfurization and decarbonization system and a desulfurization and decarbonization method, wherein a limestone raw material is calcined in a rotary kiln, the limestone raw material can be calcined into quick lime by utilizing the high temperature in the rotary kiln, the quick lime is dissolved in water in a reaction tank to become calcium hydroxide suspension, the calcium hydroxide suspension reacts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in flue gas in a circulating spray layer of an absorption tower to generate calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate, so that effective desulfurization and decarbonization can be realized, carbon dioxide generated in the limestone raw material calcining process can be collected through a collection pipeline and a storage tank, the carbon dioxide can be used for manufacturing products such as fire extinguishers, soda, beer, coke, dry ice and the like, can be directly injected into underground oil fields to fill gaps after petroleum exploitation and can be stored underground for a long time, the design is novel, has the advantages of simple steps and capability of collecting pure carbon dioxide.

Description

Desulfurization and decarburization system and desulfurization and decarburization method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas desulfurization and decarburization processes, in particular to a desulfurization and decarburization system and a desulfurization and decarburization method.
Background
In the prior art, most power plants use limestone-gypsum wet flue gas desulfurization technology developed by royal chemical industry company of great britain in the flue gas desulfurization and decarburization link, large limestone raw materials are ground into small-particle limestone powder, water is added to form limestone slurry, and the limestone slurry is fed into a desulfurization system to finally form a mixture of CaSO 4.2H 20 and CaSO 3.2H 20 through a series of chemical reactions. However, in practical application, the desulfurization process is complex in steps, single in accessory products and poor in practicability.
The Chinese patent publication number is: the invention of CN104511228B discloses a process system and a method for combined desulfurization and decarburization of flue gas, which utilize the temperature difference between SO2 and CO2 in the regeneration process to realize the gradient utilization of temperature in the system, utilize the waste heat in the CO2 regeneration process as the regeneration heat source of SO2, utilize the liquid water after CO2 regeneration and separation as the gas-liquid separation cold source after SO2 regeneration, and finally obtain high-purity SO2 and CO2 gases respectively. However, the above patent still has the problems of complicated steps, single subsidiary products, and the like.
Based on the above, we propose a desulfurization and decarburization system and a desulfurization and decarburization method, which hopefully solve the disadvantages in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a desulfurization and decarburization system and a desulfurization and decarburization method, which have the advantages of simple steps and capability of collecting pure carbon dioxide.
(II) technical scheme
In order to realize the purposes of simple steps and capability of collecting pure carbon dioxide, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a system for desulfurization and decarburization comprises
The belt conveyor is used for conveying limestone raw materials;
the rotary kiln is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port, the feeding port is positioned below the belt conveyor and used for receiving the limestone raw material conveyed by the belt conveyor, and the discharging port is fixedly connected with a reaction tank;
the reaction tank is internally stored with water and connected with a fire-fighting water pipe for slaking quicklime;
and one end of the slurry supply pump is connected with the reaction tank, and the other end of the slurry supply pump is connected with the absorption tower and used for conveying the calcium hydroxide turbid liquid.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, a collecting pipeline is further arranged right above the rotary kiln feeding port, and a storage tank is arranged at the top of the collecting pipeline and used for collecting and storing carbon dioxide gas.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the inner wall of the reaction tank is provided with a rubber layer, the inside of the reaction tank is provided with a stirrer, and the bottom of the reaction tank is provided with a gypsum discharge pump.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the absorption tower is provided with a circulating spraying layer, so that the calcium hydroxide suspension reacts with sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in the flue gas of the absorption tower to generate calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate.
A desulfurization and decarburization method for a desulfurization and decarburization system, comprising the steps of:
s1: feeding the limestone raw material into the rotary kiln from a feeding port by using a belt conveyor;
s2: sufficiently calcining a limestone raw material in a rotary kiln to obtain quick lime and carbon dioxide gas, wherein the quick lime is sent into a reaction tank;
s3: reacting quicklime with water in the reaction tank to generate a calcium hydroxide suspension, and pumping the calcium hydroxide suspension into an absorption tower by a slurry supply pump;
s4: in a circulating spraying layer of the absorption tower, the calcium hydroxide suspension reacts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to generate calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate;
s5: and returning the calcium sulfate and the calcium carbonate to the rotary kiln for secondary calcination to obtain calcium oxide, calcium sulfate and carbon dioxide gas.
S6: and discharging calcium sulfate precipitate at the bottom of the reaction tank, and dehydrating to obtain pure gypsum.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the steps S2 and S5 further include: the obtained carbon dioxide gas flows upwards and is discharged through the feeding port, and is collected by the collecting pipeline and the storage tank.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a desulfurization and decarburization system and a desulfurization and decarburization method, which have the following beneficial effects:
according to the desulfurization and decarburization system and the desulfurization and decarburization method, a limestone raw material is calcined in a rotary kiln, the limestone raw material is calcined into quick lime by using high temperature in the kiln, the quick lime is dissolved in water in a reaction tank to become calcium hydroxide suspension, and the calcium hydroxide suspension reacts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in flue gas in a circulating spray layer of an absorption tower to generate calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate, so that desulfurization and decarburization can be effectively carried out;
through collecting pipeline and holding vessel, can collect the carbon dioxide that limestone raw materials calcine the in-process and produce, this part carbon dioxide not only can be used to make products such as fire extinguisher, soda, beer, cola and dry ice, can also directly pour into the space after the underground oil field is filled oil and is mined, store underground for a long time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of the method of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-belt conveyer, 2-rotary kiln, 3-collecting pipeline, 4-storage tank, 5-reaction tank, 6-stirrer, 7-slurry supply pump and 8-absorption tower.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "vertical", "upper", "lower", "horizontal", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example (b):
referring to FIG. 1, a desulfurization and decarbonization system comprises
The belt conveyor 1 is used for conveying limestone raw materials;
the rotary kiln 2 is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port, the feeding port is positioned below the belt conveyor 1 and used for receiving limestone raw materials conveyed by the belt conveyor 1, and the discharging port is fixedly connected with a reaction tank 5;
the required temperature for calcining the limestone raw material reaches 900 ℃, the highest temperature of the rotary kiln 2 can reach 2000 ℃, the outlet temperature can reach 500 ℃, and the temperature can reach the required temperature for calcining the limestone raw material when a proper position is selected;
the material of the rotary kiln 2 needs to be a high-temperature-resistant material with good heat conduction, in the embodiment, a cement kiln or a high-temperature-resistant stainless steel material is selected, the maximum caliber of the high-temperature-resistant stainless steel can reach 1500mm, the thickness of the high-temperature-resistant stainless steel can reach 25mm, the high-temperature-resistant stainless steel can be used at 1080 ℃ for years without oxidation and deformation, the maximum use temperature of the high-temperature-resistant stainless steel can reach 1100 ℃, and the high-temperature-resistant rotary kiln.
The reaction tank 5 is internally stored with water and connected with a fire-fighting water pipe for slaking quicklime;
slaked lime is dissolved in one liter of water by 1.56 g (20 ℃), the saturated solution is called lime water which is alkaline, carbon dioxide is absorbed in flue gas to form calcium carbonate precipitate, and sulfur dioxide and oxygen are absorbed to form calcium sulfate precipitate;
and a slurry supply pump 7, one end of which is connected with the reaction tank 5 and the other end of which is connected with the absorption tower 8, and is used for conveying the calcium hydroxide suspension, and the prepared calcium hydroxide suspension is directly pumped into the absorption tower 8 from the reaction tank 5, so that the calcium hydroxide suspension can absorb sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide gas in the flue gas.
In this embodiment, the chemical reaction is shown by the following equation:
Figure BDA0002840072610000051
CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2
Figure BDA0002840072610000052
Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3↓+H2O
in this embodiment, still be provided with collection pipeline 3 directly over rotary kiln 2 pan feeding mouth, the top of collection pipeline 3 is provided with holding vessel 4 for collect and store carbon dioxide gas, these partial carbon dioxide not only can be used to make products such as fire extinguisher, soda, beer, coke and dry ice, can also directly pour into the space after the underground oil field filled oil exploitation, and long-term storage is underground.
In the embodiment, a large amount of heat is released by slaking the quicklime, so that the rubber layer is arranged on the inner wall of the reaction tank 5, the rubber layer can be used for a long time within the range of-50 ℃ to +150 ℃, the rubber layer cannot be separated from the reaction tank 5 due to temperature change, and the rubber has stable chemical property and cannot participate in reaction;
a stirrer 6 is also added inside the reaction tank 5, because the supersaturated solution of calcium hydroxide is prepared, the stirrer 6 is required to stir to prevent the calcium hydroxide from precipitating, and a gypsum discharge pump is also arranged at the bottom of the reaction tank 5.
In this embodiment, the absorption tower 8 has a circulating spray layer, so that the calcium hydroxide suspension reacts with sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in the flue gas of the absorption tower 8 to generate calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate;
the final reaction products of desulfurization and decarburization are calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, the calcium carbonate and the calcium sulfate can return to the rotary kiln 2 again for calcination, wherein the calcium carbonate is still decomposed into carbon dioxide and calcium oxide and can be recycled, the calcium sulfate can be decomposed into sulfur dioxide only at 1350-1400 ℃, and the temperature of the kiln far cannot reach, SO that the situation that SO2 gas is released again after the calcium sulfate is decomposed by calcination cannot occur, the calcium sulfate can return to the reaction tank 5 for precipitation at the bottom of the tank, and the slurry discharge pump can be used for directly discharging and dehydrating to obtain pure gypsum.
In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps, please refer to fig. 2:
step 1: feeding limestone raw materials into a rotary kiln 2 from a feeding port by using a belt conveyor 1;
step 2: the limestone raw material is fully calcined in the rotary kiln 2 to obtain quicklime and carbon dioxide gas, wherein the quicklime is sent into a reaction tank 5;
and step 3: the quicklime reacts with the water in the reaction tank 5 to generate a calcium hydroxide suspension which is sent to an absorption tower 8 by a slurry supply pump 7;
and 4, step 4: in the circulating spraying layer of the absorption tower 8, the calcium hydroxide suspension reacts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to generate calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate;
and 5: and returning the calcium sulfate and the calcium carbonate to the rotary kiln 2 again for secondary calcination to obtain calcium oxide, calcium sulfate and carbon dioxide gas.
Step 6: and discharging calcium sulfate precipitate at the bottom of the reaction tank 5, and dehydrating to obtain pure gypsum.
Wherein, the steps S2 and S5 further include: the obtained carbon dioxide gas flows upwards and is discharged through the feeding port, and is collected by the collecting pipeline 3 and the storage tank 4, so that the carbon dioxide gas can be used for manufacturing products such as fire extinguishers, soda, beer, coke, dry ice and the like, and can also be directly injected into underground oil fields to fill gaps after petroleum exploitation and be stored underground for a long time.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. A desulfurization and decarburization system is characterized in that: comprises that
The belt conveyor (1) is used for conveying limestone raw materials;
the rotary kiln (2) is provided with a feeding port and a discharging port, the feeding port is positioned below the belt conveyor (1) and used for receiving limestone raw materials conveyed by the belt conveyor (1), and the discharging port is fixedly connected with a reaction tank (5);
the reaction tank (5) is internally stored with water and connected with a fire-fighting water pipe for slaking quicklime;
and one end of the slurry supply pump (7) is connected with the reaction tank (5), and the other end of the slurry supply pump is connected with the absorption tower (8) and is used for conveying the calcium hydroxide suspension.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein: a collecting pipeline (3) is further arranged right above the feeding port of the rotary kiln (2), and a storage tank (4) is arranged at the top of the collecting pipeline (3) and used for collecting and storing carbon dioxide gas.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein: the inner wall of the reaction tank (5) is provided with a rubber layer, the inside of the reaction tank (5) is provided with a stirrer (6), and the bottom of the reaction tank (5) is provided with a gypsum discharge pump.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein: the absorption tower (8) is provided with a circulating spraying layer, so that the calcium hydroxide suspension reacts with sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide in the flue gas of the absorption tower (8) to generate calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate.
5. A desulfurization and decarburization method for a desulfurization and decarburization system as recited in claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: comprises the following steps
S1: feeding limestone raw materials into a rotary kiln (2) from a feeding port by using a belt conveyor (1);
s2: the limestone raw material is fully calcined in the rotary kiln (2) to obtain quicklime and carbon dioxide gas, wherein the quicklime is sent into a reaction tank (5);
s3: the quicklime reacts with water in the reaction tank (5) to generate a calcium hydroxide suspension which is sent to an absorption tower (8) by a slurry supply pump (7);
s4: in the circulating spraying layer of the absorption tower (8), the calcium hydroxide suspension reacts with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to generate calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate;
s5: and (3) returning the calcium sulfate and the calcium carbonate to the rotary kiln (2) again for secondary calcination to obtain calcium oxide, calcium sulfate and carbon dioxide gas.
S6: calcium sulfate sediment at the bottom of the reaction tank (5) is discharged and is dehydrated to obtain pure gypsum.
6. The desulfurization and decarburization method according to claim 5, wherein: the steps S2 and S5 further include: the obtained carbon dioxide gas flows upwards and is discharged through the feeding port, and is collected by the collecting pipeline (3) and the storage tank (4).
CN202011488572.0A 2020-12-16 2020-12-16 Desulfurization and decarburization system and desulfurization and decarburization method Pending CN112624634A (en)

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