CN112621125A - High-lubrication wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail - Google Patents
High-lubrication wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail Download PDFInfo
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- CN112621125A CN112621125A CN202011463125.XA CN202011463125A CN112621125A CN 112621125 A CN112621125 A CN 112621125A CN 202011463125 A CN202011463125 A CN 202011463125A CN 112621125 A CN112621125 A CN 112621125A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/0009—Constructional details, e.g. manipulator supports, bases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0062—Lubrication means
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/008—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
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- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/24—Vacuum evaporation
- C23C14/32—Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating
- C23C14/325—Electric arc evaporation
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-lubrication wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail, and relates to the technical field of guide rail preparation. The invention discloses a high-lubrication wear-resistant mechanical arm steel guide rail which comprises a guide rail steel body, wherein a lubricating oil groove is formed in the bottom surface of a sliding groove of the guide rail steel body, a ball cavity for containing balls is formed in the upper portion of the lubricating oil groove, a supporting body for supporting the balls is arranged in the ball cavity, an oil inlet channel is formed in one side of the lubricating oil groove, a switch is arranged at the inlet of the oil inlet channel, composite coatings are coated on the surfaces of the balls and the inner surface of the sliding groove of the guide rail steel body, and the composite coatings are TiBYN composite coatings. The invention provides a guide rail of a mechanical arm, which has excellent lubricity and wear resistance due to the structure, the material and the composition, improves the strength, the surface hardness and the corrosion resistance of the guide rail, ensures the use effect of the guide rail and prolongs the service life of the guide rail.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of guide rail preparation, and particularly relates to a high-lubrication wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail.
Background
Robotic arms, which are the earliest occurring industrial robots and the earliest occurring modern robots, mimic some of the motion functions of human hands and arms for automated handling devices that grasp, transport objects or manipulate tools in a fixed sequence. The existing mechanical arm consists of a rotating seat, a cantilever and a machine head, wherein the cantilever can realize controllable rotation on the rotating seat, and the machine head can also realize controllable rotation on the cantilever, which are realized because guide rails on the rotating seat and the cantilever can slide.
The guide rail is a device capable of bearing, fixing and guiding a moving device or equipment and reducing friction of the device, the general processing technology is to produce the guide rail through hot rolling forming, cutting, straightening, end cutting and other procedures, the yield is low, the production cost is high, and the energy consumption and the labor intensity of workers are increased. With the rapid development of industries such as automobiles, household electrical appliances, furniture, railways, aerospace, artificial intelligence and the like, the requirements on the guide rail are becoming stricter and the consumption of the guide rail is increasing year by year. The guide rail has higher requirements on material strength, wear resistance and dimensional accuracy so as to ensure that the material is not deformed and cracked under the conditions of material processing and assembling accuracy and load strength.
When the guide rail is applied to the mechanical arm, stainless steel is generally adopted, and in order to ensure that all components on the mechanical arm realize controllable rotation and ensure the use effect of the guide rail, the steel guide rail must have excellent lubricity and wear resistance. In the prior art, a row of concave holes are generally arranged in the middle of the bottom surface of the sliding groove of the guide rail, balls are arranged at the positions of the concave holes, or a lubricating layer is attached to the inner surface of the guide rail, but the balls or the lubricating layer are easily worn along with the use of a moving device on the guide rail, so that the lubricating effect of the guide rail is not ideal, and the normal use and the service life of the guide rail are influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a guide rail of a mechanical arm, which has the advantages that the structure, the material and the composition of the guide rail enable the guide rail to have excellent lubricity and wear resistance, the strength, the surface hardness and the corrosion resistance of the guide rail are improved, the use effect of the guide rail is ensured, and the service life of the guide rail is prolonged.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention provides a high-lubrication wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail which comprises a guide rail steel body (1), wherein a lubricating oil groove (3) is formed in the bottom surface of a sliding groove of the guide rail steel body (1), a ball cavity for accommodating a ball (2) is formed in the upper part of the lubricating oil groove (3), a supporting body (4) for supporting the ball (2) is arranged in the ball cavity, an oil inlet channel (5) is formed in one side of the lubricating oil groove (3), a switch is arranged at the inlet of the oil inlet channel (5), the surface of the ball (2) and the inner surface of the sliding groove of the guide rail steel body (1) are coated with a composite coating, and the composite coating is a TiBYN composite coating.
The TiBYN composite coating has high strength, high hardness, high lubricity and high wear resistance, and can be tightly combined with a guide rail steel material, so that the lubricity and the wear resistance of the TiBYN composite coating are improved.
Further, the preparation method of the TiBYN composite coating comprises the following steps: placing the guide rail steel body in a vacuum chamber until the air pressure of the vacuum chamber reaches 5 multiplied by 10-3Heating to 400 deg.C after Pa to remove gas, and continuously vacuumizing to 4 × 10-4Introducing argon after Pa, stabilizing the argon pressure at 0.3Pa, and starting an anode layer ion source to carry out Ar+Plasma glow dischargeEtching and cleaning a hot guide rail steel body; then reducing the argon pressure of the vacuum chamber to 0.9Pa, opening a Y target, and further bombarding and cleaning the guide rail steel by high-energy Y ions for 10 min; then introducing reaction gas nitrogen, stabilizing the pressure at 5Pa, and opening TiB2And (4) target bombarding and cleaning the guide rail steel body to obtain the TiBYN composite coating.
The invention adopts a metal Y target and TiB through an electric arc ion plating system2The TiBYN composite coating is prepared by a target in argon and nitrogen atmosphere, the hardness, corrosion resistance and anti-bonding capability of the coating are improved due to the introduction of Y element in the composite coating, the friction coefficient is small, and the addition of the Y element increases the adhesive force of the composite coating with the ball and the guide rail steel body, so that materials are mutually infiltrated; the addition of the element B increases the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the composite coating, reduces the surface roughness and improves the lubricity of the guide rail steel body and the balls. The ternary multiphase coating Ti-B-N in the composite coating is a nanocrystalline-amorphous multiphase composite structure and has high strength, wear resistance, chemical resistance and high-temperature stability.
Further, said Ar+In the process of preheating the guide rail steel body by plasma glow, the bias voltage of the substrate is-900V, the duty ratio is 80 percent, and the glow time is 20 min.
Further, the opening TiB2After the target, the substrate bias was adjusted to-200V, the duty cycle was 80%, and the glow time was 50 min.
Furthermore, the material of the ball is GCr15 steel.
Further, the preparation process of the guide rail steel body specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, heating a casting blank: cutting off the casting blank material, carrying out acid cleaning on the cut casting blank material to remove cross-section impurities, and then heating at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, wherein the temperature of a heating section is controlled to be in the range of 1120-;
s2, casting blank hot rolling: carrying out hot rolling on the heated casting blank, and slowly cooling to the hot rolling start temperature at the speed of 5-8 ℃/min, wherein the hot rolling speed is controlled at 2-4.5m/s, the start rolling temperature is 850-5 ℃ plus 960 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature is 780-850 ℃ to obtain the section steel blank;
s3, section steel quenching: putting the section steel blank into nitrate, controlling the cooling speed to be 8-15 ℃/s, keeping the temperature for 45-60min when the quenching temperature is cooled to 250-310 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a quenched steel blank;
s4, cold drawing treatment: carrying out cold drawing on the quenched steel blank, wherein the cold drawing process comprises first-pass cold drawing and second-pass cold drawing, the deformation rate of the first-pass cold drawing is 6-8%, and the deformation rate of the second-pass cold drawing is 3-4%, so as to obtain the steel blank;
s5, straightening the steel blank by using a straightening wheel, cutting burrs at two ends of the steel blank, performing acid cleaning according to standard requirements to remove impurities and an oxide layer on the surface, and tempering the acid-cleaned steel blank to obtain the guide rail steel body (1).
The invention has less processing procedures, and is a process of hot rolling, quenching, cold drawing, straightening, end cutting and tempering, thereby reducing the number of ends cutting and the repeated annealing procedure of materials, saving materials and energy consumption, saving operation steps and improving the yield of the guide rail steel.
The cast blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 0.12 percent of C, Mn: 1.3-1.8%, Si: 0.25-0.43%, Cr: 0.08-0.4%, Ti: 1.0-1.2%, Ca: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.12-0.3%, Ni: 0.05-0.13%, Y: 0.03 to 0.08%, Sn: 0.003-0.02% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The C component has an effect of hardening the rail steel by solid solution, but is also easily combined with the constituent metal components (Si and Cr) of the rail steel to form carbides (SiC and chromium-carbon compounds) that are impurity components that lower the corrosion resistance and toughness of the rail steel and precipitate at grain boundaries, while silicon carbide improves the wear resistance of the rail steel. When the content of C is less than 0.05%, the effect of the C component cannot be sufficiently exerted and the wear resistance of SiC cannot be exerted, so that the negative effect of the chromium-carbon compound can be suppressed and the advantageous effects of C and SiC can be sufficiently exerted by controlling the content of the C component to 0.05 to 0.12%.
The Mn component is beneficial to improving the mechanical strength and toughness of the guide rail steel and has good wear resistance, but when the Mn content is too high, sulfides are easily formed, so that the corrosion resistance and mechanical strength of the guide rail steel are reduced, therefore, when the Mn content in the material component is controlled to be 1.3-1.8%, the material component has excellent wear resistance, the strength and toughness of the guide rail steel are improved, and when the Mn content exceeds 1.8%, the corrosion resistance of the guide rail steel is obviously reduced.
The Si component has a deoxidizing effect, improves the heat resistance and mechanical strength of the material, and easily forms oxides with larger grain diameters under the condition of higher content, thereby reducing the toughness of the material. In the present invention, when the content of Si is 0.25 to 0.43%, the adverse effect of the oxide can be ignored, and the advantageous effect of Si can be fully exerted within this content range.
The Cr component can improve the corrosion resistance of the guide rail steel, the Cr content in the invention can not exceed 1%, otherwise the casting blank does not undergo box deformation during cooling, a ferrite single-phase structure is formed, the casting blank is cracked, the cost of the Cr is high, and in order to reduce the cost of the guide rail steel and ensure excellent corrosion resistance, the Cr content is preferably 0.08-0.4%.
The Ti component can be used for fixing nitrogen in the guide rail steel material or the coating process to form insoluble TiN, so that the toughness of the guide rail steel is improved, the TiN can improve the solid solubility of Nb in an austenite state, and the refined crystal grains and precipitation strengthening effect of Nb are further exerted, so that the strength of the guide rail steel is improved. However, the content of Ti is too much, which is easy to generate TiC with C, and reduces the toughness of the guide rail steel. The Ti has higher chemical activity at high temperature and is easy to react with B, N and the like in the composite coating in the film coating process, so that the wettability of the guide rail steel and the composite coating is improved, and the hardness and the strength of the finished guide rail steel are improved. Therefore, the titanium content in the actual production is controlled to be 1.0-1.2%.
The Ca and Nb components can improve the mechanical property, the service performance and the manufacturing stability of the guide rail steel material, but the corrosion resistance of the guide rail steel can be damaged due to the excessively high content of the Ca and Nb, so that the Ca content is preferably 0.02 to 0.04 percent and the Nb content is preferably 0.025 to 0.04 percent in order to ensure the comprehensive performance of the guide rail steel.
The N component improves the hardness of the guide rail steel through solid solution, and in addition, other metal components in the guide rail steel material are easy to combine with N to generate and precipitate nitrides, so that the stress corrosion resistance of the guide rail steel is reduced, and the invention ensures that the guide rail steel material has good comprehensive performance by controlling the N content to be 0.12-0.3%.
The Ni and Sn components can improve the corrosion resistance of the guide rail steel, if Nb is contained at the same time, the two components can be prevented from having harmful effects on the manufacturability and the mechanical properties of the guide rail steel material, and on the premise of ensuring the cost and the comprehensive performance, the Ni content is preferably 0.05-0.13%, and the Sn content is preferably 0.003-0.02%.
The Y component can improve the mechanical property, corrosion resistance, service performance and processability of the guide rail steel material, and the Y is easy to permeate into the surface layer and is combined with the components in the composite coating in the coating process of the guide rail steel, so that the wettability between the guide rail steel material and the composite coating is increased, and the corrosion resistance and the mechanical property of a finished guide rail steel product are improved.
Further, the hot rolling step of the step S2 has a pass reduction of 5 to 25%, wherein the first pass reduction is 8 to 12%.
Further, in the tempering treatment process of the step S5, the tempering temperature is 650 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4h, then the product is cooled to 250 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, and the product is taken out and cooled to the room temperature.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
1. the ball is used for reducing friction on the bottom surface of the guide rail steel body sliding groove, lubricating oil is filled in the lubricating oil groove, the ball can take away the lubricating oil in the lubricating oil groove while rotating, so that the lubricating oil enters the bottom surface of the guide rail steel body sliding groove for lubrication, and the friction loss of the guide rail steel is further reduced. The ball can carry out dual friction reduction effect to the guide rail steel body spout bottom surface.
2. The guide rail steel body material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high hardness, high strength, excellent wear resistance and excellent corrosion resistance due to chemical components and contents.
3. According to the invention, the TiBYN composite coating is coated on the surfaces of the guide rail steel body and the ball, and the composite coating is coated on the inner surface of the guide rail steel body and the surface of the ball by an arc ion plating method, so that the steel body has high strength and hardness, and has excellent corrosion resistance, lubricity and wear resistance, and the service life of the steel body is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a guide rail structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a longitudinal section of a guide rail ball according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a cross section of a guide rail steel ball according to an embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1-3, the highly-lubricated wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail provided by the invention comprises a guide rail steel body 1, wherein a lubricating oil groove 3 is formed in the bottom surface of a sliding groove (not shown) of the guide rail steel body 1, a ball cavity (not shown) for accommodating a ball 2 is formed in the upper part of the lubricating oil groove 3, a support body 4 for supporting the ball 2 is arranged in the ball cavity, an oil inlet channel 5 is formed in one side of the lubricating oil groove 3, and a switch (not shown) is arranged at the inlet of the oil inlet channel 5. Ball 2 is used for reducing the friction of the 1 spout bottom surface of the guide rail steel body, the inside splendid attire lubricating oil of lubricating oil groove 3, and the lubricating oil in lubricating oil groove 3 can be taken away in rotatory time to ball 2, makes lubricating oil get into the 1 spout bottom surface of the guide rail steel body, lubricates, further reduces the wear of guide rail steel. The ball 2 can perform double abrasion reduction on the bottom surface of the sliding groove of the guide rail steel body 1.
The material of the ball 2 in the invention is GCr15 steel, the surface of the ball 2 and the inner surface of the slide groove of the guide rail steel body 2 are both coated with composite coatings (not shown in the figure), and the composite coatings are TiBYN composite coatings.
The preparation method of the TiBYN composite coating comprises the following steps: the guide rail steel body 1 is arranged inIn the vacuum chamber, the air pressure of the vacuum chamber reaches 5 x 10-3Heating to 400 deg.C after Pa to remove gas, and continuously vacuumizing to 4 × 10-4Introducing argon after Pa, stabilizing the argon pressure at 0.3Pa, and starting an anode layer ion source to carry out Ar+And etching and cleaning the plasma glow preheating guide rail steel body 1, wherein in the process, the bias voltage of a matrix is-900V, the duty ratio is 80%, and the glow time is 20 min. And then reducing the argon pressure of the vacuum chamber to 0.9Pa, opening the Y target, and enabling the high-energy Y ions to further bombard and clean the guide rail steel body 1 for 10 min. Then introducing reaction gas nitrogen, stabilizing the pressure at 5Pa, and opening TiB2And adjusting the bias voltage of a target and a substrate to-200V, adjusting the duty ratio to 80%, and performing bombardment cleaning on the guide rail steel body 1 for 50min to obtain the TiBYN composite coating.
The preparation process of the guide rail steel body specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, heating a casting blank: cutting off the casting blank material, carrying out acid cleaning on the cut casting blank material to remove cross section impurities, and then heating at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, wherein the temperature of a heating section is controlled to be in the range of 1120-.
S2, casting blank hot rolling: and (3) carrying out hot rolling on the heated casting blank, slowly cooling to the hot rolling starting temperature at the speed of 5-8 ℃/min, controlling the hot rolling speed to be 2-4.5m/s, the starting temperature to be 850-.
S3, section steel quenching: and (3) putting the section steel blank into nitrate, controlling the cooling speed to be 8-15 ℃/s, keeping the temperature for 45-60min when the quenching temperature is cooled to be 310 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the quenched steel blank.
S4, cold drawing treatment: and (3) carrying out cold drawing on the quenched steel blank, wherein the cold drawing process comprises a first cold drawing and a second cold drawing, the deformation rate of the first cold drawing is 6-8%, and the deformation rate of the second cold drawing is 3-4%, so that the steel blank is obtained.
S5, straightening the steel blank by using a straightening wheel, cutting off burrs at two ends of the steel blank, performing acid cleaning according to standard requirements to remove impurities and oxide layers on the surface, tempering the acid-cleaned steel blank at the tempering temperature of 650 +/-10 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling to 250 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, taking out, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the guide rail steel body 1.
The cast blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 0.12 percent of C, Mn: 1.3-1.8%, Si: 0.25-0.43%, Cr: 0.08-0.4%, Ti: 1.0-1.2%, Ca: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.12-0.3%, Ni: 0.05-0.13%, Y: 0.03 to 0.08%, Sn: 0.003-0.02% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
The invention adopts twice cold drawing treatment, improves the hardness and the strength of the guide rail steel body, reduces the loss of raw materials and saves the cost. The invention leads the cutting head to be straightened firstly and then to be tempered, reduces the number of the cutting heads and the repeated annealing process of materials, saves materials and energy consumption, also saves operation steps and improves the yield of the guide rail steel body.
The rigid guide rail and the method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be described with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
The preparation process of the guide rail steel body specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, heating a casting blank: cutting off the casting blank material, carrying out acid cleaning on the cut casting blank material to remove cross section impurities, and then heating at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, wherein the temperature of a heating section is controlled to be in the range of 1120-.
The cast blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.05-0.08% of C, Mn: 1.3-1.5%, Si: 0.36-0.43%, Cr: 0.08-0.18%, Ti: 1.0-1.2%, Ca: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.12-0.3%, Ni: 0.05-0.13%, Y: 0.03 to 0.08%, Sn: 0.003-0.01% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
S2, casting blank hot rolling: and (3) carrying out hot rolling on the heated casting blank, slowly cooling to the hot rolling starting temperature at the speed of 5-8 ℃/min, controlling the hot rolling speed to be 2-4.5m/s, the starting temperature to be 850-plus 960 ℃, the final rolling temperature to be 780-plus 850 ℃, the pass reduction to be 5-25 percent, and the first pass reduction to be 8-12 percent, so as to obtain the section steel blank.
S3, section steel quenching: and (3) putting the section steel blank into nitrate, controlling the cooling speed to be 8-15 ℃/s, keeping the temperature for 45-60min when the quenching temperature is cooled to be 310 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the quenched steel blank.
S4, cold drawing treatment: and (3) carrying out cold drawing on the quenched steel blank, wherein the cold drawing process comprises a first cold drawing and a second cold drawing, the deformation rate of the first cold drawing is 6-8%, and the deformation rate of the second cold drawing is 3-4%, so that the steel blank is obtained.
S5, straightening the steel blank by using a straightening wheel, cutting off burrs at two ends of the steel blank, performing acid cleaning according to standard requirements to remove impurities and oxide layers on the surface, tempering the acid-cleaned steel blank at the tempering temperature of 650 +/-10 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling to 250 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, taking out, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the guide rail steel body.
And S6, coating the inner surface of the guide rail steel body to obtain a finished guide rail. Wherein, the coating film is formed by coating a TiBYN composite coating on the inner surface of the guide rail.
The preparation method of the TiBYN composite coating comprises the following steps: placing the guide rail steel body in a vacuum chamber, heating to degas when the air pressure of the vacuum chamber reaches 5 x 10 < -3 > Pa, heating to 400 ℃, continuing to vacuumize to 4 x 10 < -4 > Pa, introducing argon gas, stabilizing the argon gas pressure at 0.3Pa, starting an anode layer ion source to carry out Ar+And etching and cleaning the plasma glow preheating guide rail steel body, wherein the bias voltage of the substrate is-900V, the duty ratio is 80%, and the glow time is 20 min. And then reducing the argon pressure of the vacuum chamber to 0.9Pa, opening a Y target, and further bombarding and cleaning the guide rail steel body by high-energy Y ions, wherein the bias voltage of the base body is-900V, the duty ratio is 80%, and the time is 10 min. Then introducing reaction gas nitrogen, stabilizing the pressure at 5Pa, and opening TiB2And (3) bombarding and cleaning the guide rail steel body by using a target, adjusting the bias voltage of the base body to be-200V, adjusting the duty ratio to be 80%, and adjusting the glow time to be 50min to obtain the TiBYN composite coating.
Example 2
The high-lubrication wear-resistant steel guide rail for the mechanical arm is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the chemical components and the content of the cast blank are the same, in particular to the embodiment 1. The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the cast blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.08-0.12% of C, Mn: 1.42-1.8%, Si: 0.25-0.38%, Cr: 0.26-0.4%, Ti: 1.0-1.2%, Ca: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.025-0.03%, N: 0.12-0.24%, Ni: 0.05-0.11%, Y: 0.03 to 0.08%, Sn: 0.009-0.02%, and the balance Fe and inevitable impurities.
Example 3
The high-lubrication wear-resistant steel guide rail for the mechanical arm is the same as that in the embodiment 1, and the chemical components and the content of the cast blank are the same, in particular to the embodiment 1. The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the cast blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.07-0.11% of C, Mn: 1.4-1.6%, Si: 0.30-0.38%, Cr: 0.24-0.32%, Ti: 1.0-1.2%, Ca: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.03-0.04%, N: 0.20-0.28%, Ni: 0.10-0.13%, Y: 0.03 to 0.08%, Sn: 0.01-0.02% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
Comparative example 1
A high-lubrication wear-resistant steel guide rail for a mechanical arm specifically comprises the following working procedures:
s1, heating a casting blank: cutting off the casting blank material, carrying out acid cleaning on the cut casting blank material to remove cross section impurities, and then heating at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, wherein the temperature of a heating section is controlled to be in the range of 1120-.
The cast blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.07-0.11% of C, Mn: 1.4-1.6%, Si: 0.30-0.38%, Cr: 0.24-0.32%, Ti: 1.0-1.2%, Ca: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.03-0.04%, N: 0.20-0.28%, Ni: 0.10-0.13%, Y: 0.03 to 0.08%, Sn: 0.01-0.02% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
S2, casting blank hot rolling: and (3) carrying out hot rolling on the heated casting blank, slowly cooling to the hot rolling starting temperature at the speed of 5-8 ℃/min, controlling the hot rolling speed to be 2-4.5m/s, the starting temperature to be 850-plus 960 ℃, the final rolling temperature to be 780-plus 850 ℃, the pass reduction to be 5-25 percent, and the first pass reduction to be 8-12 percent, so as to obtain the section steel blank.
S3, section steel quenching: and (3) putting the section steel blank into nitrate, controlling the cooling speed to be 8-15 ℃/s, keeping the temperature for 45-60min when the quenching temperature is cooled to be 310 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the quenched steel blank.
S4, cold drawing treatment: and (3) carrying out cold drawing on the quenched steel blank, wherein the cold drawing process comprises a first cold drawing and a second cold drawing, the deformation rate of the first cold drawing is 6-8%, and the deformation rate of the second cold drawing is 3-4%, so that the steel blank is obtained.
S5, straightening the steel blank by using a straightening wheel, cutting off burrs at two ends of the steel blank, performing acid cleaning according to standard requirements to remove impurities and oxide layers on the surface, tempering the acid-cleaned steel blank at the tempering temperature of 650 +/-10 ℃ for 4 hours, cooling to 250 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, taking out, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the guide rail steel body.
And S6, coating lubricating oil on the surface of the guide rail steel to obtain a finished guide rail.
Comparative example 2
A high-lubrication wear-resistant steel guide rail for a mechanical arm is the same as that in comparative example 1, and the chemical components and contents of a cast blank are the same, in particular to the comparative example 1. The difference from comparative example 1 is that the chemical composition of the cast ingot does not contain Y.
Test stones were cut from the rail products of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2, tensile test specimens and impact test specimens were processed from the test stones, mechanical property tests were conducted, and the test results are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 mechanical properties test results table
The test results in Table 1 show that the invention has high tensile strength and hardness, and good toughness. After the surface of the guide rail steel body is coated with the TiBYN composite coating, the tensile strength and hardness of a finished guide rail product are improved; when metal Y is added into the chemical components of the guide rail steel body, the tensile strength and hardness of the finished guide rail are further improved.
Test pieces having a length of 100mm were taken from the rail steel products of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 and evaluated by a friction wear tester. In a state where the test piece was heated to 300 ℃, a cylinder (5 mm. phi. times.10 mm long) of SUJ2 was slid back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the test piece under conditions of a sliding distance of 50mm, a sliding speed of 10mm/sec and a vertical load of 5kg, and the 10 th friction coefficient was evaluated. The following table 2 shows the results of the friction coefficient measurement.
TABLE 2 Friction Property test results Table
| Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Coefficient of friction | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.05 | 0.31 | 0.39 |
The finished rails of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to salt water spraying at 35 ℃ and visually judged for the appearance of the coating film and evaluated on a 4-grade scale.
A: no change at all, B: 1-2 rust points, C: 3-4 rust spots, D: more than 5 rust spots.
The results of the corrosion resistance test are shown in table 3 below.
TABLE 3 Corrosion Performance test results Table
The test results in tables 2 and 3 show that the invention has excellent wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and prolongs the service life of the finished guide rail. After the surface of the guide rail steel body is coated with the TiBYN composite coating, the friction coefficient of a finished guide rail is reduced, the wear resistance is improved, the lubricating effect is good, and the corrosion resistance is also improved; when the metal Y is added into the chemical components of the steel body of the guide rail, the wear resistance, the lubricating property and the corrosion resistance of the finished product of the guide rail are further improved.
The technical features of the embodiments described above can be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a wear-resisting robotic arm guide rail of high lubrication, a serial communication port, including the guide rail steel body (1), guide rail steel body (1) spout bottom surface sets up lubricant groove (3), the upper portion setting of lubricant groove (3) holds the ball chamber of ball (2), ball intracavity portion sets up supporter (4) that support ball (2), one side of lubricant groove (3) sets up oil feed passageway (5), the import department of oil feed passageway (5) sets up the switch, the internal surface of ball (2) surface and guide rail steel body (1) spout all has coated composite coating, composite coating is the TiBYN composite coating.
2. The high-lubrication wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail as claimed in claim 1, wherein the TiBYN composite coating is prepared by the following steps: the guide rail steel body (1) is placed in a vacuum chamber until the air pressure of the vacuum chamber reaches 5 multiplied by 10-3Heating to 400 deg.C after Pa to remove gas, and continuously vacuumizing to 4 × 10-4Introducing argon after Pa, stabilizing the argon pressure at 0.3Pa, and starting an anode layer ion source to carry out Ar+Etching and cleaning the plasma glow preheating guide rail steel body (1); then reducing the argon pressure of the vacuum chamber to 0.9Pa, opening a Y target, and further bombarding and cleaning the guide rail steel body (1) by high-energy Y ions for 10 min; then introducing reaction gas nitrogen, stabilizing the pressure at 5Pa, and opening TiB2And (4) target bombarding and cleaning the guide rail steel body to obtain the TiBYN composite coating.
3. The highly lubricated, wear resistant robot arm guide rail of claim 2, wherein Ar is Ar+In the process of preheating the guide rail steel body (1) by plasma glow, the bias voltage of the matrix is-900V, the duty ratio is 80 percent, and the glow time is 20 min.
4. The chair of claim 3Lubricated wear-resistant robotic arm guide rail, characterized in that, open TiB2After the target, the substrate bias was adjusted to-200V, the duty cycle was 80%, and the glow time was 50 min.
5. The high-lubrication wear-resistant robot arm guide rail of claim 1, wherein the material of the ball (2) is GCr15 steel.
6. The high-lubrication wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preparation process of the guide rail steel body (1) specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, heating a casting blank: cutting off the casting blank material, carrying out acid cleaning on the cut casting blank material to remove cross-section impurities, and then heating at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min, wherein the temperature of a heating section is controlled to be in the range of 1120-;
s2, casting blank hot rolling: carrying out hot rolling on the heated casting blank, and slowly cooling to the hot rolling start temperature at the speed of 5-8 ℃/min, wherein the hot rolling speed is controlled at 2-4.5m/s, the start rolling temperature is 850-5 ℃ plus 960 ℃, and the finish rolling temperature is 780-850 ℃ to obtain the section steel blank;
s3, section steel quenching: putting the section steel blank into nitrate, controlling the cooling speed to be 8-15 ℃/s, keeping the temperature for 45-60min when the quenching temperature is cooled to 250-310 ℃, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a quenched steel blank;
s4, cold drawing treatment: carrying out cold drawing on the quenched steel blank, wherein the cold drawing process comprises first-pass cold drawing and second-pass cold drawing, the deformation rate of the first-pass cold drawing is 6-8%, and the deformation rate of the second-pass cold drawing is 3-4%, so as to obtain the steel blank;
s5, straightening the steel blank by using a straightening wheel, cutting burrs at two ends of the steel blank, performing acid washing according to standard requirements to remove impurities and an oxide layer on the surface, and tempering the acid-washed steel blank to obtain a guide rail steel body (1);
the cast blank comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: 0.05 to 0.12 percent of C, Mn: 1.3-1.8%, Si: 0.25-0.43%, Cr: 0.08-0.4%, Ti: 1.0-1.2%, Ca: 0.02 to 0.04%, Nb: 0.025-0.04%, N: 0.12-0.3%, Ni: 0.05-0.13%, Y: 0.03 to 0.08%, Sn: 0.003-0.02% and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities.
7. The highly lubricated and wear resistant robot arm guide rail according to claim 6, wherein the hot rolling step of step S2 has a pass reduction of 5-25%, and wherein the first pass reduction is 8-12%.
8. The highly-lubricated and wear-resistant mechanical arm guide rail as claimed in claim 6, wherein in the tempering treatment of the process S5, the tempering temperature is 650 +/-10 ℃, the temperature is kept for 4h, and then the mechanical arm guide rail is cooled to 250 ℃ at the speed of 30 ℃/h, taken out and cooled to room temperature.
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