Welding method for chip type standard knot production line
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of welding technology and equipment, in particular to a welding method for a chip type standard knot production line.
Background
The tower crane for building mainly comprises a standard knot, a control console, a cantilever beam, a counterweight and the like. Wherein the standard knot is the most important part of the vertical support tower crane. The processing and welding quality of the standard section of the tower crane is an important link related to the safety of the tower crane. The processing quality of the standard section of the tower crane is an important link related to the safety of the tower crane. According to the supervision and inspection regulation of hoisting machinery in China, the routine tower crane inspection program refers to the inspection and acceptance records of hidden projects such as foundations, rails and the like, wherein whether the quality of a standard section of a tower crane meets the design requirements of a manufacturer is paid attention to in the inspection. The standard knot of present tower machine generally adopts national standard structure, and a standard knot is become by four angle bar main limbs and auxiliary stay, cat ladder etc. weld. The welding mode generally adopted by the current welding has the problems of large occupied area, more accumulation, large workload, low welding efficiency and unstable quality.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a welding method for a chip type standard knot production line.
The complete technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:
a welding method for a chip type standard knot production line comprises the following steps:
1) spot welding of outer patch to set square
The transplanting trolley conveys the main limbs of the angle iron to a surface mounting and triangle plate spot welding station and places the main limbs on a lifting support, the surface mounting and triangle plate spot welding station equipment is supported by adopting a frame structure, an axial positioning mechanism, a surface mounting positioning mechanism and a triangle plate positioning mechanism are integrated on two sides of the surface mounting and triangle plate spot welding station equipment, flexible clamping layers are designed on clamping surfaces on two sides of the axial positioning mechanism, and a surface mounting type pressure sensor is arranged on each flexible clamping layer; lifting the lifting support, moving the axial positioning mechanism inwards to jack the main limbs of the angle iron tightly, then positioning the external paster and the triangular plate by the paster positioning mechanism and the triangular plate positioning mechanism respectively, and fixing the external paster and the triangular plate by spot welding by a spot welding machine;
the transplanting trolley comprises a rack, a cylinder and a guide shaft, a servo motor is adopted as power, displacement and walking are realized through gear and rack meshing, an automatic induction device is arranged on the trolley, automatic induction and positioning can be realized, and a trolley walking ground rail is assembled by adopting standardized modules;
2) spot welding of inner patch to stiffener
After spot welding of the outer patch and the triangular plate is completed, the transplanting trolley conveys the angle iron main limb to a spot welding station of the inner patch and the reinforcing plate,
the spot welding station equipment for the inner paster and the reinforcing plate adopts a head-tail frame turnover type positioner as a supporting structure, and an axial positioning mechanism, an inner paster positioning mechanism, a reinforcing plate positioning mechanism and an electronic eye are integrated on two sides of the spot welding station equipment; lifting the support, moving the axial positioning mechanism to the inner side to tightly push the main limbs of the angle iron, positioning the internal paster by the internal paster positioning mechanism, performing spot welding on the internal paster by a spot welding machine, then controlling the reversible type position changer to turn over, printing a recognizable mark at a corresponding position on the angle iron, recognizing the mark after turning over, positioning and performing spot welding on the reinforcing plate by the reinforcing plate positioning mechanism after successful recognition, and performing manual intervention if the recognition is unsuccessful, positioning the reinforcing plate by the reinforcing plate positioning mechanism after turning over in place, and performing spot welding on the reinforcing plate by the spot welding machine;
3) face milling and pre-drilling
After spot welding of the inner patch and the reinforcing plate is completed, the main limb of the angle iron is conveyed to a milling end face and a pre-drilling station by a transplanting trolley, the station equipment automatically takes materials for the main limb of the angle iron, automatically positions and clamps the materials, marks are printed at the pre-drilling position of the main limb and are painted by ink, when the hole is pre-drilled, the marks are identified by an electronic eye and are compared with a preset circular shape, and if the shape which cannot be identified or is not identified is not coincident with the preset circular pattern, an alarm is given to be operated manually; if the recognized shape is coincident with the preset circular pattern, automatic pre-drilling and milling of the angle iron positioning end face are carried out,
4) spot welding of fishplates
After the end face milling and the pre-drilling are completed, the transplanting trolley conveys the main limbs of the angle iron to a fishplate spot welding station, the fishplate spot welding station equipment adopts a head-tail frame turnover type positioner as a supporting structure and is integrated with a pneumatic positioning mechanism, an automatic pressing mechanism and an axial positioning mechanism, and after the main limbs of the angle iron are positioned and tightly pushed, the fishplate is spot-welded.
5) Welding of main limbs
After spot welding of the fishplate is completed, the main limbs of the angle iron are conveyed to a main limb welding workstation by the transplanting trolley, the spot-welded main limbs are welded completely, the number of the main limb welding workstations is 4, and the main limb welding workstation is provided with a positioner, so that positive and negative 180-degree rotation of a workpiece can be realized. The ground transfer trolley automatically conveys the main limbs of the angle iron to be welded to 4 welding workstations to complete the welding of the web members and the connecting plates. The main limb welding workstation is provided with a smoke collecting device, and smoke generated by welding is uniformly collected and filtered.
6) Monolithic integral welding
After welding of the main limbs is completed, the high-altitude transplanting manipulator grabs the welded main limbs, single-piece integral welding is carried out at an integral welding station, the welding station is provided with a robot automatic feeding system, a rotatable inverted robot is adopted for automatic welding, a head-tail frame two-axis linkage positioner is arranged on the station, welding is carried out on the displacement of the head-tail frame of a workpiece in the welding process, accessory placing frames are arranged on two sides and used for placing accessories required in the welding process, and the welded integral single pieces are arranged on the integral single-piece placing frames;
7) milling and drilling
And after the whole welding of the single pieces is finished, the whole single pieces of the high-altitude transplanting manipulator are sent to a milling and drilling station, and the finished whole pieces are drilled and reamed. And finally milling the end face of the angle iron.
The high-altitude transplanting manipulator comprises an angle iron main limb taking hand and an integral single-piece taking hand, high-altitude walking is carried out through a high-altitude walking rail system, a servo motor is used as power, and a gear and rack meshing mode is adopted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) each process of production line links up automatically, has reduced the storage of semi-manufactured goods and place and has occupied, has improved the factory building utilization ratio. The robot automatically welds the angle iron main limb connecting sleeve, so that the welding quality is improved, and the probability of welding defects is reduced.
(2) The intelligent degree of the transplanting trolley is high, and the installation precision and the installation efficiency of the transplanting trolley are improved. The trolley is simultaneously provided with an anti-collision interlocking function, so that the safety is improved. Through X to walking, Z to raising and lowering functions realization automatic feeding, automatic weld, automatic unloading, overall process automatic control has improved production efficiency and product quality, has reduced the cost of labor.
(3) The main limb welding workstation is high in intelligent degree, automatic in feeding, automatic in clamping and automatic in material taking, unmanned in the whole process, and high in automatic intelligent degree. And a smoke collecting device is arranged, smoke generated by welding is collected and filtered uniformly, the environment in a workshop is improved, and air is purified.
(4) The whole production line makes full use of the spatial layout of a workshop, reduces the occupied area, and the column type guide rail beam saves the space for other equipment and reduces the mutual interference among the equipment.
Drawings
Fig. 1 a is a diagram of an assembled sheet-type standard knot object of the present invention;
b is the structure diagram of the slice standard knot single slice of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a welding line.
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a welding line.
In the figure: 1-conveying line, 2-spot welding of an outer patch and a triangular plate, 3-spot welding of an inner patch and a reinforcing plate, 4-end face milling and pre-drilling station, 5-transplanting trolley A, 6-spot welding station of a fishplate, 7-main limb welding station, 8-transplanting trolley B, 9-high-altitude transplanting manipulator, 10-rotatable inversion robot, 11-head-tail frame two-axis linkage positioner, 12-accessory rack, 13-integral single-piece rack, 14-high-altitude walking track system and 15-drilling and milling processing station.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only illustrative and are not intended to limit the present application.
As shown in figure 1, the single piece welding assembly for the chip standard knot comprises three circular tube inclined web members, one ends of the inclined web members are connected through a connecting plate, the other sections of the inclined web members are connected to a main limb of an angle iron, two inclined web members on the left side and the right side are respectively connected to two ends of the main limb through a triangular plate, a middle inclined web member is vertically connected to the middle of the main limb, the left inclined web member and the right inclined web member are symmetrically arranged, the main limb is provided with the main limb of the angle iron and a step, and fishplates are arranged on two sides of the main limb.
The length of the front angle iron is 9 meters, the fishplate and the step are cast and forged, the triangular plate, the inner and outer patches, the circular tube and the like are blanked, all components do not start to be spot-welded, and all holes on the toe are not processed.
Because the workpiece has larger size and more parts, the traditional method for welding by stations and workers consumes a great number of working procedures and working hours, and the welding accuracy and the welding quality are difficult to be unified, so that the quality is difficult to be ensured. In view of the above problems, the welding and processing sequence of each welding assembly of the sheet type standard knot is designed, firstly, spot welding fixing is carried out on an outer patch, a triangular plate, an inner patch and a reinforcing plate on an angle iron main limb, then end face drilling is milled, then spot welding fixing is carried out on a fishplate so as to avoid influence on fishplate welding caused by end face drilling, then the angle iron main limb welding workstation carries out integral welding on the single standard knot, and then milling drilling is carried out. The whole welding process is carried out by adopting a full-automatic sheet type standard section welding production line, a barreled welding wire with the diameter of 1.2mm is adopted, and the welding line is in the form of fillet welding and multi-pass welding. The following describes each step separately:
1) spot welding of outer patch to set square
The main limb of the angle iron is conveyed to an outer paster and triangle spot welding station 2 through a conveying line 1 and placed on a supporting and lifting support, the station equipment is supported by adopting a frame type structure, and an axial positioning mechanism, a paster positioning mechanism and a triangle positioning mechanism are integrated on two sides of the station equipment; the lifting support rises, the axial positioning mechanism moves towards the inner side, the angle iron main limb is tightly pushed, then the external paster and the triangular plate are positioned by the paster positioning mechanism and the triangular plate positioning mechanism respectively, and the paster and the triangular plate are fixed by spot welding through the spot welding machine. Then the transplanting trolley 5 conveys the welded main limbs of the angle iron to the spot welding station 3 of the inner paster and the reinforcing plate.
In the process, the key point of the axial positioning mechanism for tightly jacking and positioning the angle iron main limb is whether the angle iron main limb can be stably and accurately jacked, and whether the outer patch and the triangular plate can be accurately positioned at a preset position and welded is directly determined. The discovery in carrying out welding production process, because the main limb is the angle bar spare, the condition of angle bar both ends unevenness can appear sometimes in processing or saw cutting in-process, when carrying out the top tightly under this condition, the uneven condition of atress will appear in the tight face in top at axial positioning mechanism both ends, cause only partial surface or even point contact, can lead to the angle bar main limb to be difficult to the top tightly, perhaps rotate or remove, the location of outer paster and set-square is inaccurate, still need the manual work to inspect, it is not good to have wasted manpower and effect. Therefore, the axial positioning mechanism is designed and improved, the flexible clamping layers are designed on the clamping surfaces on the two sides of the traditional axial positioning mechanism, and the flexible clamping layers deform to a certain extent when stressed, so that the two end surfaces of the main limb of the angle iron are completely attached to the axial positioning mechanism, and the jacking stability is improved. Furthermore, a patch type pressure sensor is arranged on the flexible clamping layer, when the flexible clamping layer is tightly pressed, the pressure applying pressure is stopped after the pressure of the pressing surfaces on the two sides reaches a preset value, the main limb of the angle iron is protected, and if a fault occurs, an alarm can be given out when the pressure is too high. The station is also provided with a grating induction protection device.
The transplanting trolley A5 comprises a frame, a cylinder, a guide shaft and the like, realizes the transshipment and displacement of workpieces at different stations, and has the functions of lifting and moving. The trolley adopts a servo motor as power, displacement and walking are realized through meshing of the gear and the rack, the trolley is provided with an automatic sensing device, automatic sensing and positioning can be realized, manual intervention is not needed, and the intelligent degree is high.
2) Spot welding of inner patch to stiffener
After spot welding of the outer patch and the triangular plate is completed, the transplanting trolley 5 conveys the angle iron main limb to the spot welding station 3 of the inner patch and the reinforcing plate,
the station equipment adopts a head-tail frame reversible positioner as a support structure, and an axial positioning mechanism, an inner patch positioning mechanism, a reinforcing plate positioning mechanism and an electronic eye are integrated on two sides of the station equipment; the lifting support rises, the axial positioning mechanism moves towards the inner side, the angle iron main limbs are tightly pushed, then the inner paster positioning mechanism positions the inner paster, the spot welding is carried out on the inner paster by the spot welding machine, then the reversible positioner is controlled to overturn, the reinforcing plate positioning mechanism positions the reinforcing plate, and the spot welding is carried out on the reinforcing plate by the spot welding machine. In the overturning process, whether the position of the main limb of the angle iron is in place after overturning is very important, and in the production process, the phenomenon that the precision is gradually reduced and the overturning angle and the position are deviated is found along with the increase of the service life of the overturning positioner of the head-tail frame. The axial positioning mechanism structure of the station is the same as the spot welding station of the outer paster and the set square.
3) Face milling and pre-drilling
Interior paster and reinforcing plate spot welding accomplish the back, transplant the dolly and transport milling terminal surface and pre-drilling station 4 with the angle bar owner limb, this station equipment carries out the automation to the angle bar owner limb and gets the material, automatic positioning presss from both sides tightly the back, carry out automatic pre-drilling and mill angle bar location terminal surface, at this in-process, the mechanism of pre-drilling carries out the position and the angle of pre-drilling to the angle bar owner limb very important, because piece formula standard festival later stage is formed through the high strength bolt assembly by four monomer welding pieces, if the position and the angle in the hole of each monomer welding piece have the deviation, just can not assemble, lead to the monomer welding piece to scrap. Therefore, the invention adopts the technical scheme that marks are printed at the pre-drilled holes of the main limbs and are colored by ink, when the pre-drilled holes are drilled, the marks are identified by an electronic eye and are compared with the preset circular shape, if the marks are not identified, the deviation of the drilled holes is shown, if the marks are not identified but the shape is not coincident with the preset circular pattern, the deviation of the angles is shown, and then, an alarm is sent to be operated manually. If the identified shape coincides with the preset circular pattern, pre-drilling is started. The whole process is unmanned, the automation degree is high, and accurate pre-drilling can be realized.
4) Spot welding of fishplates
After the end face milling and the pre-drilling are completed, the transplanting trolley A conveys the main limbs of the angle iron to a fishplate spot welding station 6, the station equipment adopts a head-tail frame reversible positioner as a supporting structure, and is integrated with a pneumatic positioning mechanism, an automatic pressing mechanism, an axial positioning mechanism and the like. And after the angle iron main limb is positioned and tightly propped, spot welding is carried out on the fishtail plate.
5) Welding of main limbs
After spot welding of the fishplate is completed, the main limb of the angle iron is conveyed to the main limb welding workstation 7 by the transplanting trolley B8, and the spot-welded main limb is welded completely. The total number of the main limb welding work stations is 4, and the ground transfer trolley automatically conveys the main limbs of the angle iron to be welded to the 4 welding work stations to complete the welding of the web members and the connecting plates. Transplant dolly B8 dolly walking ground rail and adopt standardized module equipment to form, have X to walking, Z to raising and lowering functions, automatic feeding, automatic weld, automatic unloading, overall process automatic control has improved the installation accuracy and the installation effectiveness of equipment, and the dolly has simultaneously designed anticollision interlocking function, has improved production efficiency and product quality, has reduced the cost of labor. The positioner of the main limb welding workstation can realize the rotation of the workpiece by plus or minus 180 degrees. Main limb weldment work station disposes smog collection device, and the smog that the welding produced is unified to be collected, and unified filtration has improved the environment in the workshop, has purified the air.
6) Monolithic integral welding
After the welding of main limb is accomplished, manipulator 9 snatchs the main limb after the welding in high altitude, carry out monolithic integral bonding in the integral bonding station, this welding station disposes robot automatic feeding system, adopt rotatable formula to invert robot 10 and carry out automatic weld, be equipped with head-tail frame diaxon linkage machine of shifting 11 on the station, carry out the head-tail frame and shift the welding to the work piece in welding process, both sides are equipped with annex rack 12 for place the required annex of welding process, the whole monolithic of welding is located on whole monolithic rack 13. The automatic feeding, automatic clamping and automatic material taking are realized, no human intervention is performed in the whole process, and the automation and intelligence degree is high.
7) Milling and drilling
And after the integral welding of the single pieces is finished, the integral single pieces of the high-altitude transplanting manipulator are sent to a milling and drilling station 15, and the finished integral pieces are drilled and reamed. And finally milling the end face of the angle iron.
The high-altitude transplanting manipulator is divided into an angle iron main limb material taking hand and an integral single-piece material taking hand according to functions. The manipulator travels aloft through the aloft travel rail system 14. The servo motor is used as power, and the gear and the rack are meshed. The manipulator has large grabbing force, wide working area range and stable walking and high precision.
The above applications are only some embodiments of the present application. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept herein, and it is intended to cover all such modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the invention.