CN112612142A - Optical system for generating quasi-flat-top circular light spots - Google Patents
Optical system for generating quasi-flat-top circular light spots Download PDFInfo
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- CN112612142A CN112612142A CN202011644250.0A CN202011644250A CN112612142A CN 112612142 A CN112612142 A CN 112612142A CN 202011644250 A CN202011644250 A CN 202011644250A CN 112612142 A CN112612142 A CN 112612142A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
- G02B27/0938—Using specific optical elements
- G02B27/095—Refractive optical elements
- G02B27/0972—Prisms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system for generating a quasi-flat-top circular light spot, which belongs to the field of laser optics application and comprises: the device comprises a first polarization beam splitter prism, a spiral phase plate, a first total reflection lens, a second total reflection lens and a second polarization beam splitter prism; the first polarization beam splitter prism is used for splitting incident laser beams with Gaussian distribution into P beams with horizontal polarization and S beams with vertical polarization; the spiral phase plate and the first total reflection lens are sequentially arranged on a light path of the S light beam, the spiral phase plate converts the S light beam into a vortex light beam, and the first total reflection lens reflects the vortex light beam to the second polarization splitting prism; the second total reflection lens is positioned on the light path of the P light beam and used for reflecting the P light beam to the second polarization beam splitter prism; the second polarization beam splitter prism is used for superposing the P light beam and the vortex light beam so as to generate and output the flat-top-round-like light spot. The system is simple in structure and easy to build, can obtain quasi-flat-top round light spots with uniform energy distribution and good anti-maladjustment characteristics, and is suitable for various laser processing fields.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser optics application, and particularly relates to an optical system for generating a flat-top-round-like light spot.
Background
The energy distribution of the ordinary Gaussian beam decreases from the center to the edge, and most of the energy is concentrated in the central area. When laser processing is carried out by using laser with Gaussian energy distribution, if the power is too high, the central energy is too high, and phenomena such as ablation, air holes and the like are easy to occur; if the power is low, the edge energy is insufficient, and the situation of incomplete processing occurs, and the defect is particularly obvious in the processing fields of high-power laser welding, cladding, surface modification and the like. Therefore, the light spot with uniformly distributed energy has more advantages in the application field of laser optics.
The prior art generally selects a diffractive optical element to obtain a flat-top circular light spot, which has high uniformity relative to the energy distribution of a gaussian beam. However, the flat-topped circular light spot designed based on the traditional diffractive optical element is very sensitive, the energy distribution of the flat-topped circular light spot is very easily influenced by factors such as the size of an incident light spot, the center deviation of an incident light beam, the fluctuation of a working distance and the like, the uniformity is continuously reduced in the subsequent propagation process, and the requirement is difficult to meet in the actual processing process. Therefore, it is very important for those skilled in the art how to form a light spot with uniform energy distribution and strong stability.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides an optical system for generating a quasi-flat-topped circular light spot, and aims to provide the optical system with a simple structure, and the quasi-flat-topped circular light spot with uniform energy distribution and good anti-detuning property is obtained through the cooperation between components in the optical system.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides an optical system for generating a flat-top-like circular spot, comprising: the device comprises a first polarization beam splitter prism, a spiral phase plate, a first total reflection lens, a second total reflection lens and a second polarization beam splitter prism; the first polarization beam splitter prism is used for splitting incident laser beams with Gaussian distribution into P beams with horizontal polarization and S beams with vertical polarization; the spiral phase plate and the first full-reflection lens are sequentially arranged on a light path of the S light beam, the spiral phase plate is used for converting the S light beam into a vortex light beam, and the first full-reflection lens is used for reflecting the vortex light beam to the second polarization splitting prism; the second total reflection lens is positioned on the light path of the P light beam and used for reflecting the P light beam to the second polarization beam splitter prism; and the second polarization beam splitter prism is used for superposing the P light beam and the vortex light beam so as to generate and output the flat-top-round-like light spot.
Furthermore, the P beam and the S beam reach the second polarization splitting prism after being transmitted at equal distances.
Still further, still include: the half wave plate, the third polarization beam splitter prism and the second total reflection lens are sequentially arranged on the light path of the P light beam; and adjusting the energy ratio of the P beam and the vortex beam by rotating the half wave plate.
Still further, still include: and the laser is used for generating laser beams with Gaussian distribution, collimating the laser beams and outputting the collimated laser beams to the first polarization splitting prism.
Furthermore, the wavelength and the power of the laser beam generated by the laser are matched with the first polarization beam splitter prism, the spiral phase plate and the second polarization beam splitter prism.
Further, the diameter and power of the flat-top-like circular spot are controlled by changing the topological number of the spiral phase plate.
Furthermore, the topological number of the spiral phase plate is 1, and the power ratio of the P beam to the vortex beam is 0.66: 1.
Further, the number of the topologies of the spiral phase plate is 2, and the power ratio of the P beam to the vortex beam is 0.37: 1.
Furthermore, the topological number of the spiral phase plate is 3, and the power ratio of the P beam to the vortex beam is 0.31: 1.
Generally, by the above technical solution conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be obtained:
(1) compared with the flat-top circular light spot, the flat-top circular light spot can effectively solve the problems of uneven energy distribution and light beam sensitivity, improve the energy distribution uniformity and light spot stability of the light spot, maintain uniform energy distribution in a certain focal depth range, improve various processing defects caused by uneven temperature in the laser processing process and improve the processing quality and precision; the optical system for generating the flat-top-like circular light spot is provided, the flat-top-like circular light spot with uniform energy distribution and good anti-maladjustment property is obtained through the matching among the components, the anti-maladjustment property of the light spot is good, the uniformity of the light spot energy can be maintained in a certain focal depth range, the optical system is not easily influenced by the conditions of incident light size, incident light divergence angle, offset distance and the like, and is more suitable for the actual laser processing process;
(2) the polarization state and the phase of the light beam are regulated and controlled through the polarization beam splitter prism and the spiral phase plate, and undesirable optical phenomena such as diffraction, interference and the like are avoided;
(3) the energy proportion of the P light beam and the vortex light beam can be adjusted through the half wave plate and the third polarization beam splitter prism, and the angle direction of the half wave plate can continuously rotate, so that any light intensity proportion is realized;
(4) the quasi-flat-top circular light spots with different sizes are obtained by selecting spiral phase plates with different topological numbers, so that the quasi-flat-top circular light spots are suitable for different application scenes; the optical system is simple in structure and easy to build, and unnecessary input and modulation devices are reduced on the premise of acquiring required light spots.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system for generating a flat-top-like circular light spot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an operating principle of a polarization splitting prism in an optical system for generating a quasi-flat-top circular light spot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a spiral phase plate in an optical system for generating a flat-top-like circular light spot according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional light field profile of a Gaussian distributed incident laser beam;
FIG. 4B is a three-dimensional light field distribution plot of a Gaussian-distributed incident laser beam;
FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional light field profile of a Gaussian-distributed P-beam;
FIG. 5B is a three-dimensional light field distribution map of a Gaussian-distributed P-beam;
FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional light field profile of a vortex beam;
FIG. 6B is a three-dimensional light field distribution map of a vortex beam;
FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional light field distribution plot of a flat-topped circular spot;
fig. 7B is a three-dimensional light field distribution diagram of the flat-topped circular spots.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
the device comprises a first polarization beam splitter prism 1, a spiral phase plate 2, a first total reflection lens 3, a second total reflection lens 4, a second polarization beam splitter prism 5, a half wave plate 6, a third polarization beam splitter prism 7 and a laser 8.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like (if any) in the description and the drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical system for generating a flat-top-like circular spot according to an embodiment of the present invention. Referring to fig. 1, the optical system for generating the flat-top-like circular spot in the present embodiment is described in detail with reference to fig. 2 to 7B.
The embodiment of the invention provides a flat-top-like circular light spot. Compared with flat-top circular light spots, the flat-top circular light spots can effectively solve the problems of uneven energy distribution and light beam sensitivity, improve the energy distribution uniformity and light spot stability of the light spots, maintain uniform energy distribution in a certain focal depth range, improve various processing defects caused by uneven temperature in the laser processing process and improve the processing quality and precision.
The optical system for generating the quasi-flat-top circular light spot comprises a first polarization beam splitter prism 1, a spiral phase plate 2, a first total reflection lens 3, a second total reflection lens 4 and a second polarization beam splitter prism 5. The first polarization splitting prism 1 serves to split the incident laser beam of the gaussian distribution into a P beam of horizontal polarization and an S beam of vertical polarization, as shown in fig. 2. The spiral phase plate 2 and the first full-reflection lens 3 are sequentially arranged on a light path of the S light beam, the spiral phase plate 2 is used for converting the S light beam into a vortex light beam, and the energy of the reflected S light beam is changed into annular distribution from Gaussian distribution after passing through the spiral phase plate 2; the first total reflection lens 3 is used for reflecting the vortex light beam to the second polarization splitting prism 5. The second total reflection lens 4 is located on the light path of the P light beam and used for reflecting the P light beam to the second polarization splitting prism 5, and the transmitted P light beam keeps the gaussian distribution unchanged. The second polarization beam splitter prism 5 is used for superposing the P light beam and the vortex light beam to generate and output a flat-top-circle-like light spot.
In the embodiment of the invention, the P light beam and the S light beam reach the second polarization beam splitter prism after being transmitted at equal distance. Namely, after the first polarization beam splitter 1 splits the incident laser beam into a P beam and an S beam, the two beams are transmitted at equal intervals and then reach the second polarization beam splitter 5, and then are combined by the second polarization beam splitter 5, so that the energy ratio of the gaussian beam and the vortex beam is fixed.
The topological number of the spiral phase plate 2 can be set independently, and the diameter and the power of the flat-top-round-like light spot can be controlled by changing the topological number of the spiral phase plate 2. Referring to fig. 3, the spiral phase plate 2 is a transparent plate with a fixed refractive index, one surface of the transparent plate is a planar structure, the opposite surface of the planar structure is a step structure with a spiral shape whose height varies with azimuth angle, and the thickness of the spiral phase plate 2 varies with azimuth angle. The thickness increased by the steps of the spiral phase plate 2 can be directly calculated according to the phase distribution and the material refractive index of the diffraction optical element; the thickness of the diffractive optical element is typically in the order of microns and is negligible, so the spiral phase plate 2 has a negligible effect on the light intensity. After the S light beam in this embodiment passes through the spiral phase plate 2, the phase of the outgoing light beam is also changed due to the different optical paths traveled at different azimuth angles, and the outgoing light beam is added with a spiral phase factor exp (il θ), so as to be changed into a vortex light beam. Where l is the topological number of the spiral phase plate 2, l can vary with the angular difference between the two diffractive optical elements, and i represents the complex sign. The size of the vortex light beam is influenced by the topological number, and the larger the topological number is, the larger the area of the central energy depression of the obtained vortex light beam is, and the larger the light spot diameter is.
When the spiral phase plates 2 with different topological numbers are selected, the power ratio of the Gaussian-distributed beam splitting power to the vortex beam splitting power is not fixed, and the adjustment and optimization can be performed according to the actual light intensity distribution condition of the focal plane. When the number of the topologies of the spiral phase plate 2 is 1, the ratio of the Gaussian-distributed P-beam power to the vortex-beam power is 0.66: 1. When the number of the topology of the spiral phase plate 2 is 2, the ratio of the Gaussian-distributed P-beam power to the vortex-beam power is 0.37: 1. When the topological number of the spiral phase plate 2 is 1, the ratio of the Gaussian-distributed P-beam power to the vortex-beam power is 0.31: 1.
The optical system for generating the flat-top-like circular light spot further comprises a half wave plate 6 and a third polarization beam splitter prism 7. And the half wave plate 6, the third polarization splitting prism 7 and the second total reflection lens 4 are sequentially arranged on the light path of the P light beam. The P light beam enters the half wave plate 6, the polarization direction of the emergent light is changed, the emergent light is separated into two light beams with mutually vertical polarization directions through the third polarization splitting prism 7, the energy of the splitting path is changed by rotating the half wave plate 6, so that the energy ratio of the P light beam and the vortex light beam is adjusted, and the flat-top-like circular light beam with better uniformity is obtained. When the spiral phase plates 2 with different topological numbers are selected, the sizes of the obtained flat-topped circular light spots are different, and the energy proportion of the Gaussian distribution beam splitting is required to be adjusted to obtain the high-uniformity flat-topped circular light spots.
The first polarization beam splitter prism 1, the second polarization beam splitter prism 5 and the third polarization beam splitter prism 7 are all cubic crystals formed by plating a multilayer film structure on the inclined plane of a right-angle prism and gluing. By utilizing the property that the P polarization light transmittance is 1 and the S polarization light transmittance is less than 1 when the light ray is incident at the Brewster angle, after the light ray passes through the multilayer film structure for multiple times at the Brewster angle, the P polarization component is completely transmitted, and at least more than 90% of the S polarization component is reflected.
The optical system generating the flat-topped circular spot further comprises a laser 8. The laser 8 is used for generating a laser beam with gaussian distribution, collimating the laser beam and outputting the collimated laser beam to the first polarization splitting prism 1. The wavelength and power of the laser beam generated by the laser 8 are matched with the first polarization splitting prism 1, the spiral phase plate 2 and the second polarization splitting prism 5. Further, the wavelength and power of the laser beam generated by the laser 8 should also be matched with the third polarization splitting prism 7.
In this embodiment, the unpolarized gaussian-distributed incident beam is separated into two linearly polarized light beams perpendicular to each other by the first polarization splitting prism 1, the laser beam incident on the first polarization splitting prism 1 is as shown in fig. 4A and 4B, and the unpolarized gaussian-distributed incident light beam with a wavelength of 1064nm is taken as an example in fig. 4A and 4B. One of the light beams passes through the spiral phase plates 2 with different topological numbers and is converted into a vortex light beam, and the generated vortex light beam is shown in fig. 6A and 6B, where fig. 6A and 6B take the topological number of the spiral phase plates 2 as 1 as an example. The other light beam enters the half-wave plate 6, the polarization direction is changed, the P light with the required energy proportion is separated by the third polarization beam splitter prism 7, the energy proportion is determined by the rotation angle of the half-wave plate 6, the energy of the gaussian beam is adjusted in real time by observing the flat-top-round-like light spot output from the system, the light beam with the gaussian distribution is shown in fig. 5A and 5B, and fig. 5A and 5B take the example that the energy proportion is 0.66 after the adjustment of the half-wave plate 6 and the third polarization beam splitter prism 7 as an example. The two light beams are transmitted at equal intervals and then combined by the second polarization beam splitter prism 5 to obtain flat-top-like circular light spots with uniform energy, and the generated flat-top-like circular light spots are shown in fig. 7A and 7B.
The flat-top round light spot can effectively solve the processing defect caused by uneven energy in the actual laser processing process, can effectively improve the quality of processed products, and is suitable for various fields such as laser cladding, welding, surface modification and the like. The flat top circular light spot with good maladjustment resistance has great significance to the application field of laser optics, in the practical application process, the conditions of the size of incident light, the emitting angle of the incident light, the offset distance and the like are difficult to be in an ideal state, and the flat top circular light spot with good maladjustment resistance can ensure high-quality processing to the maximum extent.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. An optical system for generating a flat-topped circular spot, comprising: the device comprises a first polarization splitting prism (1), a spiral phase plate (2), a first total reflection lens (3), a second total reflection lens (4) and a second polarization splitting prism (5);
the first polarization beam splitter prism (1) is used for splitting incident laser beams with Gaussian distribution into P beams with horizontal polarization and S beams with vertical polarization;
the spiral phase plate (2) and the first fully-reflecting lens (3) are sequentially arranged on a light path of the S light beam, the spiral phase plate (2) is used for converting the S light beam into a vortex light beam, and the first fully-reflecting lens (3) is used for reflecting the vortex light beam to the second polarization beam splitter prism (5);
the second total reflection lens (4) is positioned on the light path of the P light beam and used for reflecting the P light beam to the second polarization beam splitter prism (5);
and the second polarization beam splitter prism (5) is used for superposing the P light beam and the vortex light beam to generate and output a flat-top-round-like light spot.
2. The optical system for generating a flat-top circular spot according to claim 1, wherein the P-beam and the S-beam reach the second polarization splitting prism (5) after being transmitted at equal distances.
3. The optical system for generating a flat-top circular spot according to claim 1, further comprising: the half wave plate (6), the third polarization beam splitter prism (7) and the second total reflection lens (4) are sequentially arranged on the light path of the P light beam; the energy ratio of the P beam and the vortex beam is adjusted by rotating the half wave plate (6).
4. The optical system for generating a flat-top circular spot according to claim 1, further comprising: and the laser (8) is used for generating a laser beam with Gaussian distribution, collimating the laser beam and outputting the collimated laser beam to the first polarization splitting prism (1).
5. The optical system for generating a flat-top circular spot according to claim 4, wherein the laser (8) generates a laser beam with a wavelength and power matched to the first polarizing beam splitter prism (1), the spiral phase plate (2) and the second polarizing beam splitter prism (5).
6. The optical system for generating a plano-topped circular spot according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein the diameter and power of the plano-topped circular spot are controlled by modifying the number of topologies of the helical phase plate (2).
7. The optical system for generating a flat-topped circular spot according to claim 6, wherein the number of topologies of the spiral phase plate (2) is 1, and the power ratio of the P beam to the vortex beam is 0.66: 1.
8. The optical system for generating a flat-top circular spot according to claim 6, wherein the number of topologies of the spiral phase plate (2) is 2, and the power ratio of the P beam to the vortex beam is 0.37: 1.
9. The optical system for generating a flat-topped circular spot according to claim 6, wherein the number of topologies of the spiral phase plate (2) is 3, and the power ratio of the P beam to the vortex beam is 0.31: 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011644250.0A CN112612142A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Optical system for generating quasi-flat-top circular light spots |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011644250.0A CN112612142A (en) | 2020-12-31 | 2020-12-31 | Optical system for generating quasi-flat-top circular light spots |
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| CN112612142A true CN112612142A (en) | 2021-04-06 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113463045A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-10-01 | 华中科技大学 | Laser pulse deposition system and processing method |
| CN114994929A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-02 | 湖北大学 | Device for generating circular flat-top light beam |
-
2020
- 2020-12-31 CN CN202011644250.0A patent/CN112612142A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113463045A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-10-01 | 华中科技大学 | Laser pulse deposition system and processing method |
| CN113463045B (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2022-10-14 | 华中科技大学 | Laser pulse deposition system and processing method |
| CN114994929A (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2022-09-02 | 湖北大学 | Device for generating circular flat-top light beam |
| CN114994929B (en) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-04-18 | 湖北大学 | Device for generating circular flat-top light beam |
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