CN112611805B - Method for evaluating surrounding rock loose coil range based on attenuation coefficient - Google Patents
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/11—Analysing solids by measuring attenuation of acoustic waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
- G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for evaluating a surrounding rock loose coil range based on an attenuation coefficient, which comprises the following steps: 1) Monitoring points are arranged at equal distances on the left side and the right side of the detection surface, vibration speed sensors are arranged at the monitoring points, and the distances between the two monitoring points and the tunnel surface are recorded as R respectively 1 、R 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 2) Recording peak vibration speeds of two monitoring points during blasting, and calculating attenuation index alpha i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 3) After blasting, the detection surface is subjected to acoustic wave detection, and the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose ring in the direction of the normal outside the chamber at the midpoint of two monitoring points is detected i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the 4) Repeating step 2) and step 3) for a plurality of times; 5) For the decay index alpha i And the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose coil i Performing correlation analysis to obtain a functional relation alpha=f (d); 6) According to the maximum loose coil thickness d cr Determining the maximum attenuation coefficient alpha cr ＝f(d cr ). The invention can monitor the accumulated change of the thickness of the loose coil under the blasting action in real time, and judge the range of the loose coil according to the attenuation change of the blasting vibration speed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of underground engineering construction, in particular to a method for evaluating a surrounding rock loose coil range based on an attenuation coefficient.
Background
In underground engineering construction, the requirement on the loosening range of surrounding rock is met, and the loosening range is a loosening and crushing belt produced by surrounding rock under blasting and other actions after a roadway is excavated. Different engineering working conditions are different, the design unit has different requirements on the range of the surrounding rock loosening ring, and the surrounding rock loosening ring during excavation is not allowed to exceed a certain thickness. Therefore, the loose-end range of the surrounding rock is measured during construction.
The conventional method for measuring the surrounding rock loose coil in the engineering is an acoustic wave method, and the principle is that the propagation speed of acoustic waves in a rock mass is affected by the existence of cracks, and the propagation speed of acoustic waves is reduced due to the fact that the cracks are increased along with the continuous damage of the rock mass. Therefore, the wave velocity values of rock masses at different depths from the surface of the surrounding rock can be measured by adopting an acoustic wave testing instrument, a depth and wave velocity curve is made, and then the thickness of the loose circle of the surrounding rock of the tested roadway can be deduced according to related geological data. The acoustic test method generally needs to drill holes on surrounding rock, and in the holes, the damage degree of the rock is judged by measuring the propagation speed of acoustic waves at different depths from a sounding probe to a receiving probe of the surrounding rock. The method can well meet engineering requirements, but has the following defects:
when the thickness of the loosening ring of one section is measured, the section is perforated into the surrounding rock, when the wave velocity of the surrounding rock with a certain depth is measured, the device is placed at the depth in the drilled hole, and the instrument is continuously moved when the next depth is measured, and the instrument is detected section by section. The detection process is also limited by certain conditions in the liquid environment, namely, the drilling hole is to be filled with water. The detection process is big in quantity of punching, and detection time is long, and manual operation intensity is big, wastes time and energy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the background art, and provides a method for evaluating the range of the loose ring of surrounding rock based on an attenuation coefficient, which is used for monitoring the accumulated change of the thickness of the loose ring under the blasting effect in real time and judging the range of the loose ring according to the attenuation change of the blasting vibration speed.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the method for evaluating the range of the loose rings of the surrounding rock based on the attenuation coefficient is designed by the invention and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Monitoring points are arranged at equal distances on the left side and the right side of the detection surface, vibration speed sensors are arranged at the monitoring points, and the distances between the two monitoring points and the tunnel surface are recorded as R respectively 1 、R 2 ；
2) Recording peak vibration speeds of two monitoring points during blasting, and calculating attenuation index alpha i I is a natural number;
3) After blasting, the detection surface is subjected to acoustic wave detection, and the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose ring in the direction of the normal outside the chamber at the midpoint of two monitoring points is detected i I is a natural number;
4) Repeating the steps 2) and 3) for a plurality of times, and respectively recording the attenuation index alpha corresponding to each blasting i And the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose coil i ；
5) For the decay index alpha i And the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose coil i Performing correlation analysis to obtain a functional relation alpha=f (d), and according to the maximum loose coil thickness d cr Determining the maximum attenuation coefficient alpha cr ＝f(d cr )；
6) When detecting the loose rings of the surrounding rock, calculating the alpha value of a monitoring point, and comparing alpha with alpha cr And judging whether the gap is out of the limit range.
Preferably, the decay index alpha in step 2) is the same as the decay index alpha i The calculation method of (1) is as follows:
wherein: v (V) 1 -peak vibration velocity measured at first monitoring point (2-1) at blasting；
V 2 -peak vibration speed measured at the second monitoring point (2-2) at blasting;
R 1 -the distance of the first monitoring point (2-1) from the face before blasting;
R 2 -distance of the second monitoring point (2-2) from the face before blasting.
Preferably, in the step 5), the thickness of the loose loop satisfies d.ltoreq.5m, and the damping index α is in a linear relationship with the thickness d of the loose loop.
Preferably, in the step 5), the functional relation a=f (d) =kd+a, k is a scaling factor, and a is a constant.
Preferably, the two monitoring points (2-1, 2-2) in the step 1) are positioned at the same horizontal position, and are all 1m in the detection plane.
Preferably, it is characterized in that: and 4) repeating the blasting times in the step 4) for not less than 5 times.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the range of a loose ring of surrounding rock based on an attenuation coefficient, which is used for judging and judging the range of the loose ring according to the attenuation change of the blasting vibration speed. Since the attenuation of the blasting vibration speed is also related to the rock mass fracture, the basic principle of the method has a certain similarity with the acoustic wave method. Because of the difference of different engineering working conditions, a typical section is firstly selected to measure the thickness d of the loose coil by adopting an acoustic wave test method, and the thickness d of the maximum loose coil required by engineering is obtained by carrying out correlation analysis on the thickness d and the alpha value of the attenuation coefficient of the seismic wave determined by the method of the invention and determining the correlation relation between alpha and d cr Corresponding maximum seismic wave attenuation coefficient alpha cr Value, thereafter alpha cr And judging whether the thickness of the loose coil excavated later meets the requirement or not.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) The vibration speed of the surrounding rock surface can be detected by arranging explosion vibration speed detection points at the same level on the left and right sides of a section to be detected by adopting explosion vibration detection equipment, and the data are processed by a computer to obtain the loosening ring range;
2) The method has the advantages of simple installation and disassembly steps, repeated use, no need of drilling and installation, synchronous detection process and blasting process, real-time detection, high automation degree, manpower and material resource saving, time saving and labor saving;
3) The device is arranged at a certain position and is kept unchanged, and the accumulated change of the thickness of the loose coil under the blasting action can be monitored in real time according to the change of alpha after each blasting;
4) The blasting vibration detection equipment which needs to be used for blasting excavation is adopted, the equipment is simple, and the utilization rate is high.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a layout diagram of a blasting vibration detection apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the detection surface of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a vibration detection system arrangement.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the damping coefficient and the thickness of the loose coil in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme and the beneficial effects of the invention more clear, the invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the embodiments.
The invention provides a method for evaluating the loose coil range of surrounding rock based on an attenuation coefficient, which comprises the following steps:
1) Monitoring points 2-1 and 2-2 are arranged at equal distances on the left side and the right side of the detection surface, vibration speed sensors are arranged at the monitoring points (2-1 and 2-2), and the distances between the two monitoring points 2-1 and 2-2 and the tunnel surface are recorded as R respectively 1 、R 2 ；
2) Recording peak vibration speeds of two monitoring points 2-1 and 2-2 during blasting, and calculating attenuation index alpha i I is a natural number;
3) After blasting, the detection surface is subjected to acoustic wave detection, and the thickness d of a surrounding rock loose ring in the direction of the normal line outside the chamber at the middle points of two monitoring points 2-1 and 2-2 is detected i I is a natural number;
4) Repeating the steps 2) and 3) for a plurality of times, and respectively recording the attenuation index alpha corresponding to each blasting i And the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose coil i ；
5) For the decay index alpha i And the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose coil i Performing correlation analysis to obtain a functional relation alpha=f (d), and according to the maximum loose coil thickness d cr Determining the maximum attenuation coefficient alpha cr ＝f(d cr )；
6) When detecting the loose rings of the surrounding rock, calculating the alpha value of a monitoring point, and comparing alpha with alpha cr And judging whether the gap is out of the limit range.
As shown in fig. 1, the main structure of the implementation object of the present invention includes a tunnel 1; a vibration speed detection point 2; loosening ring detection surface 3, tunnel surface 4, loosening ring 5.
At the beginning of engineering, firstly, performing correlation analysis of the parameter alpha determined by the invention and the thickness d of the loose coil detected by the traditional acoustic wave method to determine the correlation between alpha and d so as to obtain the maximum loose coil thickness d required by engineering cr Corresponding critical seismic attenuation coefficient alpha cr Value, thereafter alpha cr And judging whether the thickness of the loose coil excavated later meets the requirement or not. The method comprises the following steps:
the method is characterized in that the thickness d of the loosening ring at a certain section 3 is detected, the detection device is arranged as shown in figure 1, the loosening ring range is shown in figure 2, the method takes the detection of the loosening ring thickness at the top of a hole as an example, vibration speed sensors are arranged at the positions of the left and right sides of the detection surface at the distance of 1m, a vibration detection system is shown in figure 3, monitoring points are positioned at the same horizontal position according to the numbers of 2-1 and 2-2 far from the tunnel surface, peak vibration speeds of the two points are measured after each blasting, and alpha value is obtained after calculation. The alpha value determined by the invention is obtained from the detection data of the two points and reflects the property of the surrounding rock in a small range between the two detection points, and the calculation method is as follows:
firstly, determining the distances between the face 4 before blasting and vibration speed monitoring points 2-1 and 2-2 to be respectively recorded as R 1 、R 2 . According to the sarkowski formula:
wherein K is a coefficient considering geological influence and topographic influence; alpha is the attenuation coefficient of blasting seismic waves related to geological conditions; q is the maximum single-sound dosage; r is the distance between the measuring point and the explosion source.
Is transformed with
The maximum vibration speeds measured at two points of 2-1 and 2-2 during blasting are V respectively 1 、V 2 Then for these two points, there are:
the two types of subtraction and transformation are as follows:
wherein: v (V) 1 Peak vibration velocity measured at 2-1 measurement point at blasting
V 2 Peak vibration velocity measured at 2-2 measuring points at blasting
R 1 Distance between 2-1 measuring point and face before blasting
R 2 Distance between 2-2 measuring points and face before blasting
According to the prior large-scale information, the integrity of the rock mass has a larger relation with the attenuation index alpha, the more the rock mass is complete, the smaller the attenuation coefficient alpha is, the more the rock mass is crushed, the larger the attenuation coefficient alpha is, and meanwhile, the worse the integrity of the surrounding rock is, the larger the loose coil thickness d is. Engineering actual measurement data show that under certain geological conditions, when the thickness of the loose coil is within a certain range (d is less than or equal to 5 m), the attenuation index alpha and the thickness d of the loose coil meet a certain linear relation.
Therefore, under the same working condition, when the thickness of the subsequent loose coil is detected, R is firstly R before the first blasting 1 、R 2 V at blasting 1 、V 2 . According to the formula
Obtaining the attenuation coefficient alpha after the first explosion 1 In order to determine the relation between alpha and the thickness d of the loose coil, after the first blasting, the detection surface is subjected to sound wave detection to detect the thickness d of the loose coil of the surrounding rock in the direction of the normal outside the chamber at the midpoint of two vibration monitoring points 1 。
Thereafter, the positions of the two vibration detection points are kept unchanged, and blasting (including 1 st time) is carried out for at least 5 times to obtain the attenuation coefficient alpha after being influenced by blasting 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 … … and simultaneously performing acoustic wave detection at the first acoustic wave detection position after each blasting, and calculating to obtain the corresponding thickness d of the loosening ring after blasting influence 2 、d 3 、d 4 、d 5 … …. For alpha 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 … … and d 1 、d 2 、d 3 、d 4 、d 5 … … correlation analysis gives the relationship between α and d:
α＝f(d)
maximum loose coil thickness d according to engineering requirements cr Determining the maximum attenuation coefficient alpha cr ＝f(d cr ). At the time of the subsequent surrounding rock loose coil detection, alpha is used for cr And judging whether the thickness of the loose coil meets the requirement or not according to the standard.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 1, a hole top position at a typical section 3 at a position 10m away from the face is drilled as an acoustic test hole, vibration monitoring devices are arranged at the same horizontal position of 1m on both sides of the drilled hole, and the numbers 2-1 and 2-2 are respectively arranged at the positions far from the face, and each time is measuredMeasuring distance R between face and 2-1,2-2 before blasting 1 、R 2 Sonic detection is carried out after blasting, the thickness of the surrounding rock loose ring is determined, and the blasting vibration peak value speed V is detected according to 2-1 and 2-2 1 、V 2 Distance R from face 1 、R 2 The formula is:
alpha is calculated. The first 5 measurements were as follows:
for alpha obtained after the first 5 blasts 1 、α 2 、α 3 、α 4 、α 5 And d 1 、d 2 、d 3 、d 4 、d 5 Analysis was performed and the analysis results are shown in fig. 4. According to the result, the alpha and d satisfy the relation under the working condition:
α＝0.1791d+1.2616
the maximum surrounding rock loose coil thickness required by the engineering is d cr =2m, so the corresponding maximum attenuation coefficient at this time is:
α cr ＝0.1791d cr +1.2616＝1.620
thereafter, at alpha cr The thickness of the loose rings of the surrounding rock is evaluated as a standard.
When the thickness of the loose coil of a certain section is required to be detected to be qualified, vibration monitoring devices are only arranged at the positions of about 1m of the top, the end wall and the like of the section, the distance between the vibration monitoring devices and the face is measured, an alpha value is calculated, and the alpha value is compared with the alpha value cr And judging whether the gap is out of the limit range.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
What is not described in detail in this specification is prior art known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A method for evaluating the range of a surrounding rock loose coil based on an attenuation coefficient is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Monitoring points (2-1, 2-2) are arranged at equal distances on the left side and the right side of the detection surface, vibration speed sensors are arranged at the monitoring points (2-1, 2-2), and the distances between the two monitoring points (2-1, 2-2) and the tunnel surface are recorded as R respectively 1 、R 2 ；
2) Recording peak vibration speeds of two monitoring points (2-1, 2-2) during blasting, and calculating attenuation index alpha i I is a natural number;
3) After blasting, the detection surface is subjected to acoustic wave detection, and the thickness d of a surrounding rock loose ring in the direction of the normal outside the chamber at the middle point of two monitoring points (2-1, 2-2) is detected i I is a natural number;
4) Repeating the steps 2) and 3) for a plurality of times, and respectively recording the attenuation index alpha corresponding to each blasting i And the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose coil i ；
5) For the decay index alpha i And the thickness d of the surrounding rock loose coil i Performing correlation analysis to obtain a functional relation alpha=f (d), and according to the maximum loose coil thickness d cr Determining the maximum attenuation coefficient alpha cr ＝f(d cr )；
6) When detecting the loose rings of the surrounding rock, calculating the alpha value of a monitoring point, and comparing alpha with alpha cr And judging whether the gap is out of the limit range.
2. A method for evaluating a range of a surrounding rock loose coil based on an attenuation coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the decay index alpha in said step 2) i The calculation method of (1) is as follows:
wherein: v (V) 1 -peak vibration speed measured at the first monitoring point (2-1) at blasting;
V 2 -peak vibration speed measured at the second monitoring point (2-1) at blasting;
R 1 -the distance of the first monitoring point (2-1) from the face before blasting;
R 2 -distance of the second monitoring point (2-2) from the face before blasting.
3. A method for evaluating a range of a surrounding rock loose coil based on an attenuation coefficient according to claim 2, wherein: in the step 5), the thickness of the loose coil is less than or equal to 5m, and the attenuation index alpha and the thickness d of the loose coil are in linear relation.
4. A method of evaluating the range of a surrounding rock trip zone based on an attenuation coefficient as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step 5), the functional relation a=f (d) =kd+a, k is a scaling factor, and a is a constant.
5. A method for evaluating a range of a surrounding rock loose coil based on an attenuation coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), two monitoring points (2-1, 2-2) are positioned at the same horizontal position and are uniformly distributed on the detection surface 1m.
6. A method for evaluating a range of a surrounding rock loose coil based on an attenuation coefficient as claimed in claim 1, wherein: and 4) repeating the blasting times in the step 4) for not less than 5 times.
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