CN111781277A - Method for testing accumulated damage of broken rock on surrounding rock by hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method - Google Patents
Method for testing accumulated damage of broken rock on surrounding rock by hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing cumulative damage of a hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method rock breaking to a surrounding rock, which relates to the field of surrounding rock damage testing and comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: arranging sound wave test holes on the side wall of the tunnel; step two: adopting a one-sending-one-receiving cross-hole test mode; before the high-pressure gas expands to break the rock, testing the test profiles formed by every two sound wave test holes in the step I; step three: after the initial damage of each section is tested to be correct, performing high-pressure gas expansion rock breaking on the upper step of the tunnel, and repeating the steps to perform damage testing on two pairs of test sections after the rock breaking is completed; step four: and analyzing to obtain the damage rule of the tunnel engineering high-pressure gas expansion rock-breaking surrounding rock along different directions, and further guiding the engineering surrounding rock to be reinforced and implementing a surrounding rock protection measure. The method achieves the aim of rapidly and nondestructively detecting the accumulated damage of the high-pressure gas rock-breaking to the tunnel surrounding rock.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of surrounding rock damage testing, in particular to a method for testing accumulated damage of a hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method to a surrounding rock by rock breaking.
Background
The traditional direct surrounding rock damage testing method is used for qualitatively determining the damage degree of surrounding rocks by directly measuring the number, size, form and spatial distribution of damage fractures in the surrounding rocks, and the method is too subjective and is relatively complex to implement practically. And the direct detection method only considers the macroscopic damage of the surface of the surrounding rock seen by the naked eyes of a technician, neglects the microscopic damage formed inside the surrounding rock under the rock breaking action, and is not beneficial to accurately and effectively reflecting the damage degree of the surrounding rock influenced by the rock breaking operation.
The modern surrounding rock damage indirect testing method is to try to establish a quantitative relation between the change of macroscopic physical parameters of rocks and the damage of tunnel surrounding rocks by certain physical assumptions. Among them, the acoustic wave test method is most popularized because it uses a nondestructive test method to conveniently and effectively test the damage of the surrounding rock by reading the changes of sound time, sound amplitude, waveform and the like.
However, most of the existing damage tests of the hard rock tunnel on the surrounding rock only consider single rock breaking operation, and the macroscopic failure of the engineering rock mass caused by the surrounding rock damage in the actual production is often the result of repeated continuous and accumulated damage of the circular rock breaking operation. When the rock mass is damaged to the accumulation threshold value due to continuous and repeated rock breaking dynamic load, the tunnel is subjected to unstable collapse, and huge personal and property losses are brought. Therefore, only aiming at single rock breaking operation test, the dynamic accumulation process of the damage of the surrounding rock cannot be objectively and scientifically disclosed, and the optimization design of parameters of rock breaking work such as charging, hole distribution and the like and the scientific formulation of tunnel safety protection decision are not facilitated.
The high-pressure gas expansion method is used as a novel hard rock breaking method, and has the advantages of small rock breaking vibration, low damage degree to surrounding rock, uniform rock breaking lumpiness, low cost, high efficiency and the like. However, the method is still in a continuous experimental research stage, and aspects such as rock breaking mechanism, rock breaking parameter optimization, material cost control and the like are still to be further researched. Among them, the obvious characteristics of small rock breaking vibration and low damage to surrounding rocks are superior to those of traditional explosive rock breaking, and further research and demonstration are urgently needed. In addition, the rock breaking effect of the high-pressure gas expansion method and the damage degree of the rock breaking effect to the tunnel surrounding rock are obviously different compared with the rock breaking effect of the traditional explosive, and the hole distribution position and the hole distribution form of the damage test method are obviously different compared with the traditional explosive blasting.
Therefore, no test method for accumulated damage of the broken rock to the surrounding rock by the hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method exists in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the accumulated damage of the broken rock of the hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method to the surrounding rock, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and achieve the purpose of rapidly and nondestructively testing the accumulated damage of the broken rock of the high-pressure gas to the surrounding rock.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for testing cumulative damage of broken rock on surrounding rock by a hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: arranging 5 sound wave test holes on the side wall on one side of the tunnel, wherein the sound wave test holes are all in a state that the sound wave test holes are horizontally inclined downwards by 10 degrees and the axes are parallel to each other;
step two: a one-transmitting one-receiving cross-hole testing mode is adopted, and a transmitting probe is always parallel to a receiving probe in the testing process; before rock breaking by high-pressure gas expansion, testing the test profiles formed by every two sound wave test holes in the step one to find out the sound wave velocity distribution condition in the surrounding rock before rock breaking and determine the damage and disturbance degree and depth of the existing rock breaking excavation to the surrounding rock; according to the propagation velocity v of sound waves in rock massmAnd the propagation velocity v of the rock mass after core-making in situ0Calculating the initial damage degree of the rock mass section ij as
And (4) monitoring the five a-e test holes by using a YS (YS) (B) drilling speculum. A probe rod 10 is utilized to make a probe camera 11 of the peeping instrument go deep into the positions 4.5m, 4.0m, 3.5m, 3m, 2.5m, 2.0m, 1.5m, 1.0m and 0.5m away from the hole opening in sequence, an image is displayed through a receiver 9 of the peeping instrument,And recording and storing, and observing the initial damage and breakage condition in the hole.
Step three: after the initial damage of each test section is tested to be correct, the construction of breaking rock on the tunnel by high-pressure gas expansion of the upper step is carried out, after the rock breaking is finished, the steps are repeated, two pairs of test sections are subjected to damage testing, and the damage testing is carried out according to a formula
Calculating the damage degree; the acoustic velocity of the rock mass measured by the ij section after the current Nth circulation rock breaking is vm’The degree of damage corresponding thereto is Dij-NRepeating the steps until the damage degree difference delta D of the two times before and after the section is tested is equal to Dij-N-Dij-(N-1)If the value is less than the preset value, stopping the continuous test of the damage after the circulation footage;
step four: the final damage test time is n, and after the rock breaking action of multiple times of high-pressure gas expansion, the cumulative damage obtained on the ij section is delta Dn＝Dij-n-Dij-0And analyzing the damage growth rate and the change of the sound wave oscillogram corresponding to different sections to obtain the damage rule of the tunnel engineering high-pressure gas expansion rock-breaking surrounding rock along different directions, and further guiding the engineering surrounding rock to be reinforced and implementing a surrounding rock protection measure.
Optionally, the testing process in step two includes:
1) filling purified water into the two sound wave test holes of the section to be tested by using a plastic hose, and respectively inserting the sound wave transmitting probe and the sound wave receiving probe into the bottoms of the two sound wave test holes to be tested;
2) completing the setting of test parameters including test profile number, gain, sampling rate, delay time, zero calibration, orifice position, hole spacing and other parameters;
3) starting the test, connecting a long probe rod piece pre-marked with a test step pitch by using a welded steel pipe, moving two probes from the bottom of a test hole to a test hole opening synchronously, and stopping at positions 4.5m, 4.0m, 3.5m, 3m, 2.5m, 2.0m, 1.5m, 1.0m and 0.5m away from the hole opening in sequence; and selecting a stable waveform as a test result every time of pause, storing the recorded result as a test, repeating the test work until the test work of one test section is completed, and testing other sections according to the same flow.
Optionally, the sound wave test hole has a hole depth of 4.9-5.0m and a hole diameter of 60 mm; every two sound wave test holes form a test section.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
according to the invention, multiple damage degree measurements are carried out by means of sound wave nondestructive detection to obtain monitoring data, and the damage degree of the surrounding rock under rock breaking through high-pressure gas expansion each time can be calculated, so that the accumulated damage condition of the surrounding rock is obtained, further the surrounding rock reinforcement and primary support design work is scientifically guided, and the detection method is high in efficiency, simple, convenient and effective. The sound wave test holes arranged in the invention can greatly improve the use efficiency of the test holes, and reasonably avoid the problems that the sound test holes are too high and are difficult to drill, field instruments are difficult to arrange, and the cross holes are generated when the cutting lines of all the drill holes are superposed into a line. The connecting lines among the 5 test holes can ensure that the forming directions of each group of section lines are different, so that the anisotropic damage of the surrounding rock is fully considered.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the arrangement of sonic test holes in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a sonic detector employed in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a borehole speculum used in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a high pressure gas expansion rock breaking accumulated damage test site according to the present invention;
wherein, 1 is a palm surface upper step, 2 is a palm surface lower step, 3 is a sound wave test hole, 4 is purified water, 5 is a probe, 6 is a PC terminal, 7 is a cracking hole, 8 is a hollow hole, 9 is a peeping instrument receiver, 10 is a probe rod, and 11 is a probe camera.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the accumulated damage of the broken rock of the hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method to the surrounding rock, so as to solve the problems in the prior art, and achieve the purpose of rapidly and nondestructively testing the accumulated damage of the broken rock of the high-pressure gas to the surrounding rock.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
The method is characterized in that a sound wave testing method is usually adopted for testing the environmental damage of the surrounding rock, a drilling method is usually adopted for testing the field sound wave, and the method is characterized in that sound waves are transmitted and received among preset sound testing pipes, the relative change of acoustic parameters such as sound time, frequency and amplitude attenuation of the sound waves propagating in a surrounding rock medium is actually measured, and then the integrity of the surrounding rock is detected, and the degree and the approximate position of the surrounding rock defect among the tested sound testing pipes are judged. The method is widely applied to the field of civil engineering, such as integrity detection of foundation piles, detection of depth and strength of concrete cracks, measurement of longitudinal wave velocity of geological exploration rock mass and the like. Based on the method, the invention provides a method for testing the accumulated damage of the broken rock on the surrounding rock by the hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method. As shown in figures 1-3, the testing place of the invention comprises a tunnel face upper step 1 and a tunnel face lower step 2, a sound wave testing hole 3 is arranged on the side wall of one side of a tunnel of the tunnel face, and purified water 4 is filled in the sound wave testing hole 3 during testing, the sound wave testing instrument adopted by the invention is a RSM-SY5 type nonmetal ultrasonic detector, which comprises a probe 5, the probe comprises a transmitting probe and a receiving probe which are respectively arranged in the two sound wave testing holes 3, and a PC terminal 6 connected with the probe 5, and a crack hole 7 and a hollow hole 8 are drilled on the tunnel face upper step 1 and the tunnel face lower step 2.
Specifically, the test method of the invention comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: as shown in fig. 1, the acoustic wave test holes 3 are arranged on the side wall on one side of the tunnel, and the acoustic wave test holes 3 are arranged, namely holes a-e, so that the acoustic wave test holes 3 are in a state that the horizontal direction is inclined downwards by 10 degrees and the axes are parallel to each other for the convenience of testing by instruments and equipment. The depth of the sound wave test hole 3 is selected according to the actual engineering condition, 4.9-5.0m is taken in the embodiment, the aperture is selected according to the size of the sound wave test probe, and 60mm is taken in the embodiment. The test holes a-e form a test profile in pairs, the total number of the test holes a-e is ten, the quality of the tested holes is strictly in accordance with the drilling quality requirement, the phenomena of large deviation angle, broken surrounding rock penetration among the holes and the like are preferably avoided, and if the bad conditions are found, the tested holes are timely treated as waste holes.
Step two: as shown in fig. 2, a transmit-receive cross-hole test mode is adopted, and a transmitting probe is always parallel to a receiving probe in the test process. Before the rock is broken through high-pressure gas expansion, testing sections formed by every two sound wave testing holes 3 in the step one is conducted, so that the distribution situation of sound wave velocity in surrounding rock before the rock is broken can be found out, and the damage and disturbance degree and depth of existing rock breaking excavation on the surrounding rock can be determined. And (3) filling purified water 4 into the two sound wave test holes 3 of the section to be tested by using a plastic hose, and inserting a probe 5 into the bottom of the hole to complete the setting of test parameters including parameters such as test section number, gain, sampling rate, delay time, zero calibration, orifice position, hole distance and the like. And starting the test, connecting a long probe rod piece pre-marked with a test step pitch by using a welded steel pipe, and gradually and synchronously moving the two probes from the bottom of the acoustic wave test hole 3 to the orifice of the acoustic wave test hole 3 and sequentially pausing at positions 4.5m, 4.0m, 3.5m, 3m, 2.5m, 2.0m, 1.5m, 1.0m and 0.5m away from the orifice. And selecting a stable waveform as a test result for each pause, and storing a recorded result as a test. And repeating the test work until the test work of one test section is completed, and testing other sections according to the same flow. According to the propagation velocity v of sound waves in rock massmAnd the propagation velocity v of the rock mass after core-making in situ0。
Calculating the initial damage degree of the rock mass section ij as
As shown in FIG. 3, five test holes a-e were monitored by using a YS (B) drill speculum. A probe rod 10 is utilized to enable a probe camera 11 of the peeping instrument to sequentially penetrate into positions 4.5m, 4.0m, 3.5m, 3m, 2.5m, 2.0m, 1.5m, 1.0m and 0.5m away from an orifice, an image is displayed, recorded and stored through a peeping instrument receiver 9, and the initial damage and breakage condition in the orifice is observed.
Step three: as shown in fig. 4, after the initial damage of each test section is tested to be correct, high-pressure gas expansion rock breaking construction of the step 1 on the tunnel face is carried out. The drilling and charging parameters of the rock-breaking face are designed according to the specific engineering on site, and the cracking holes 7 and the hollow holes 8 are arranged as shown in the figure.
After the rock breaking is finished, repeating the steps to carry out damage testing on two pairs of testing profiles, and carrying out damage testing according to a formula
Calculating the damage degree, and measuring the sound velocity v of the rock mass on the ij section after the current Nth cycle rock breakingm’The corresponding damage degree is Dij-NRepeating the steps until the damage degree difference delta D is equal to Dij-N-Dij-(N-1)And stopping the continuous testing of the damage after the circulation footage is less than a certain degree.
Step four: assuming that the final damage test time is n, after the rock is broken through multiple times of high-pressure gas expansion, the cumulative damage obtained on the ij section is delta Dn＝Dij-n-Dij-0. And analyzing the damage rates corresponding to different sections and the change of the sound wave oscillogram output by the PC end 6 to obtain the damage rule of the high-pressure gas expansion rock-breaking surrounding rock of the tunnel engineering along different directions. According to the technical Specification of construction of rock foundation excavation engineering of hydraulic buildings (DL/T5389-2007), when the reduction rate of the longitudinal wave velocity of rocks before and after rock breaking reaches 15%, the rock can be judged to be influenced by the rock breaking or in a breaking state, and at the moment, according to the condition that delta D is larger than or equal to DfWhen the value is 0.28, the judgment can be madeAnd (4) rock cracking, and further guiding engineering surrounding rock reinforcement and implementing a series of surrounding rock protection measures.
The method solves the problem that the damage degree of the surrounding rock of the hard rock tunnel circularly broken rock by the high-pressure gas expansion method in the actual engineering cannot be quantitatively described, fills the technical blank in the field in China, improves the scientificity and economic benefit of the decision of surrounding rock damage control and support reinforcement, and realizes the rapid and accurate test of the accumulated damage of the surrounding rock by the high-pressure gas expansion method broken rock in the hard rock environment.
The principle and the implementation mode of the invention are explained by applying a specific example, and the description of the embodiment is only used for helping to understand the method and the core idea of the invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for testing cumulative damage of broken rock to surrounding rock by a hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: arranging 5 sound wave test holes on the side wall on one side of the tunnel, wherein the sound wave test holes are all in a state that the sound wave test holes are horizontally inclined downwards by 10 degrees and the axes are parallel to each other;
step two: a one-transmitting one-receiving cross-hole testing mode is adopted, and a transmitting probe is always parallel to a receiving probe in the testing process; before rock breaking by high-pressure gas expansion, testing the test profiles formed by every two sound wave test holes in the step one to find out the distribution condition of sound wave velocity in surrounding rock before rock breaking and determine the damage and disturbance degree and depth of the existing rock breaking excavation to the surrounding rock; according to the propagation velocity v of sound waves in rock massmAnd the propagation velocity v of the rock mass after core-making in situ0Calculating the initial damage degree of the rock mass section ij as
Detecting initial damage of the test hole by using a YS (YS) (B) drilling speculum;
step three: after the initial damage of each test section is tested to be correct, the construction of breaking rock on the tunnel by high-pressure gas expansion of the upper step is carried out, after the rock breaking is finished, the steps are repeated, two pairs of test sections are subjected to damage testing, and the damage testing is carried out according to a formula
Calculating the damage degree; the acoustic velocity of the rock mass measured by the ij section after the current Nth circulation rock breaking is vm’The degree of damage corresponding thereto is Dij-N(ii) a Repeating for multiple times until the damage degree difference delta D of two times before and after the section is testedij-N-Dij-(N-1)If the value is less than the preset value, stopping the continuous test of the damage after the circulation footage;
step four: the final damage test time is n, and after the rock breaking action of multiple times of high-pressure gas expansion, the cumulative damage obtained on the ij section is delta Dn＝Dij-n-Dij-0And analyzing the damage growth rate and the change of the sound wave oscillogram corresponding to different sections to obtain the damage rule of the tunnel engineering high-pressure gas expansion rock-breaking surrounding rock along different directions, and further guiding the engineering surrounding rock to be reinforced and implementing a surrounding rock protection measure.
2. The method for testing cumulative damage of rock breaking to surrounding rock by using the hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the test process in the second step comprises the following steps:
1) filling purified water into the two sound wave test holes of the section to be tested by using a plastic hose, and respectively inserting the sound wave transmitting probe and the sound wave receiving probe into the bottoms of the two sound wave test holes to be tested;
2) completing the setting of test parameters including test profile number, gain, sampling rate, delay time, zero calibration, orifice position, hole spacing and other parameters;
3) starting the test, connecting a long probe rod piece pre-marked with a test step pitch by using a welded steel pipe, moving two probes from the bottom of a test hole to an orifice synchronously, and stopping at positions 4.5m, 4.0m, 3.5m, 3m, 2.5m, 2.0m, 1.5m, 1.0m and 0.5m away from the orifice in sequence; and selecting a stable waveform as a test result every time of pause, storing the recorded result as a test, repeating the test work until the test work of one test section is completed, and testing other sections according to the same flow.
3. The method for testing cumulative damage of rock breaking to surrounding rock by using the hard rock high-pressure gas expansion method according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the hole depth of the sound wave test hole is 4.9-5.0m, and the hole diameter is 60 mm; every two sound wave test holes form a test section.
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