CN112611610A - Dilution heating type particulate matter constant speed sampling device with temperature compensation - Google Patents
Dilution heating type particulate matter constant speed sampling device with temperature compensation Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 388
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003113 dilution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N1/2258—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas in a stack or chimney
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/38—Diluting, dispersing or mixing samples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
- G01N2001/2264—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas with dilution
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Abstract
The invention discloses a dilution heating type particulate matter constant-speed sampling device with temperature compensation. The flue gas sampler consists of a flue gas sampling tube, a flue gas flow velocity meter and a flue gas temperature meter; the dilution gas mechanism consists of a dilution gas flow rate instrument, a dilution gas temperature instrument, a dilution gas source and a dilution gas controller, wherein the dilution gas source is other gases for diluting the sample gas, such as nitrogen, air and the like, and a compressed gas or an air pump can be used; the mixed gas mechanism consists of a mixed gas flow rate instrument and a mixed gas temperature instrument; the particulate matter monitor is arranged in the measuring chamber; the extraction power source is equipment for extracting sample gas to generate extraction power, and can be an air pump, a jet pump and the like; the extraction controller is a device that controls the extraction of the sample gas. The invention has the advantages that the flue gas temperature, the diluent gas temperature and the mixed gas temperature are measured, the compensation calculation is carried out according to the temperature to obtain the flow velocity of the mixed gas which needs to be extracted finally, and the extraction controller and the dilution controller are controlled according to the data to finish constant-speed tracking sampling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of flue gas monitoring, in particular to a diluting and heating type particulate matter constant-speed sampling device with temperature compensation.
Background
A smoke sampler is a common device in the current market, and is a device for extracting smoke in a flue to measure particulate matters by a probe inserted into the flue and a power device. Because the humidity of the flue gas in the flue is very high, in order to eliminate the influence of liquid water on the measurement of the particulate matters and accurately measure the concentration value of the particulate matters, the humidity of the sample gas must be reduced. The liquid water is reduced to be in a gaseous state, so that real particles in the gas can be measured by a particle detection instrument. At present, the humidity of the sample gas is reduced mainly by adopting a heating method or a dilution method, and then the sample gas is matched with a corresponding particle detection instrument, so that the concentration of the particles of the extracted sample gas is finally converted into an intuitive numerical value for data analysis.
However, in the current method, the actual flue gas sampling is mostly non-uniform sampling. However, in the case of gas sampling, constant velocity sampling is more advanced than non-constant velocity sampling, and is a necessary condition for obtaining an accurate value of the concentration of particulate matter in the flue. Meanwhile, as the flue gas sample is subjected to heating treatment and dilution treatment, the temperature of the sample gas is different from the temperature of the flue gas, the temperature of the dilution gas is also different from the temperature of the sample gas, and the volume difference between the sample gas and the dilution gas is caused by the heated expansion of the gas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a dilution heating type particulate matter constant-speed sampling device with temperature compensation, which has the advantages that the measured flue gas temperature, the diluent gas temperature and the mixed gas temperature are measured, the compensation calculation is carried out according to the temperature to obtain the flow speed of the mixed gas which needs to be extracted finally, and the extraction controller and the dilution controller are controlled according to the data to finish constant-speed tracking sampling, so that the problems that the conventional particulate matter constant-speed sampling device has no temperature measurement and does not compare the sample gas temperature and the flue gas temperature with the temperature of the diluent gas during measurement are solved. Such sampling errors cannot be compensated, and errors are caused in subsequent data measurement.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a dilution heating type particulate matter constant-speed sampling device with temperature compensation comprises a flue gas sampler, a dilution gas mechanism, a mixed gas mechanism, an extraction power source and an extraction controller. The flue gas sampler consists of a flue gas sampling tube, a flue gas flow velocity meter and a flue gas temperature meter; the dilution gas mechanism consists of a dilution gas flow rate instrument, a dilution gas temperature instrument, a dilution gas source and a dilution gas controller, wherein the dilution gas source is other gases for diluting the sample gas, such as nitrogen, air and the like, and a compressed gas or an air pump can be used; the mixed gas mechanism consists of a mixed gas flow rate instrument and a mixed gas temperature instrument; the particulate matter monitor is arranged in the measuring chamber; the extraction power source is equipment for extracting sample gas to generate extraction power, and can be an air pump, a jet pump and the like; the extraction controller is a device that controls the extraction of the sample gas.
And a dilution gas pipeline where the dilution gas mechanism is located is in butt joint with the flue gas sampling tube, the dilution gas and the flue gas are mixed and then enter a mixed gas pipeline where the mixed gas mechanism is located, and finally the mixed gas pipeline enters a measuring chamber for monitoring.
As a further scheme of the invention, the flue gas sampling tube extends into the flue gas pipeline, and the opening of the flue gas sampling tube is opposite to the flow direction of the flue gas in the flue gas pipeline; monitoring probes of a flue gas flow velocity meter and a flue gas temperature meter respectively extend into the flue gas pipeline;
when flowing in a flue gas pipeline, flue gas passes through monitoring probes of a flue gas flow velocity instrument and a flue gas temperature instrument and enters a flue gas sampler from a flue gas sampling pipe, and the flue gas flow velocity instrument and the flue gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of sample gas and then transmit monitoring data to a control system.
As a further scheme of the invention, under the driving of the control system, the dilution gas controller controls the dilution gas source to convey the dilution gas from the dilution gas pipeline to the pipeline of the flue gas sampler to be mixed with the flue gas;
the diluent gas passes through the monitoring probes of the diluent gas flow velocity instrument and the diluent gas temperature instrument when flowing in the diluent gas pipeline, and the diluent gas flow velocity instrument and the diluent gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of the diluent gas and then transmit monitoring data to the control system.
As a further scheme of the invention, the diluent gas and the sample gas are mixed and then enter a mixed gas pipeline, an extraction controller controls an extraction power source to work under the driving of a control system, the extraction power source generates negative pressure, the mixed gas flows in the mixed gas pipeline to enter a measuring chamber under the action of the negative pressure, and a particulate matter monitor in the measuring chamber monitors the mixed gas;
when the mixed gas flows in the mixed gas pipeline, the mixed gas passes through the monitoring probes of the mixed gas flow velocity instrument and the mixed gas temperature instrument, and the mixed gas flow velocity instrument and the mixed gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of the mixed gas and transmit monitoring data to the control system.
As a further scheme of the invention, the extraction power source is derived by adopting a formula of an air extracting pump:
the quality of the gas is kept constant when the temperature and the volume are changed, so that the gas can be obtained,
formula 1: m2 ═ m1+ mx
m2 mass of mixed gas, m1 mass of sample gas, mx mass of dilution gas;
the pressure of the flue gas, the sample gas and the mixed gas is the same during constant-speed sampling, and a universal formula is calculated according to the gas mass: m ═ p × v × M ÷ [8.314 × (273+ t) ]
M-mass of gas, p-pressure of gas, v-volume of gas, M-molar mass of gas, t-temperature of gas;
derivation of equation 2:
v 2-volume of mixed gas, v 1-volume of sample gas, vx-volume of diluent gas, t 2-temperature of mixed gas, t 1-temperature of sample gas, tx-temperature of diluent gas;
derivation formula 3:
s2 theoretical flow rate of gas mixture sampling at constant speed, S1 flow rate of flue gas (sample gas), SX flow rate of diluent gas, m2 sectional area of gas mixture flow rate measuring point, m1 sectional area of sampling port of gas flue gas sampler, and mx sectional area of diluent gas flow rate measuring point;
the control system needs to track the change of S1 according to S2 after compensation calculation so that the difference between the final extracted actual flow rate S and S2 is 0, i.e., S2-S is 0.
As a further scheme of the invention, when the extraction power source is a jet pump, a quasi-two-dimensional theoretical calculation formula is fitted according to the performance of the jet pump, and an ideal gas state equation with certain mass is combined as follows:
the quality of the gas is kept constant when the temperature and the volume are changed, so that the gas can be obtained,
formula 4: m2 ═ m1+ mx
m2 mass of mixed gas, m1 mass of sample gas, mx mass of dilution gas;
the pressure of the flue gas, the sample gas and the mixed gas is the same during constant-speed sampling, and a universal formula is calculated according to the gas mass: m ═ p × v × M ÷ [8.314 × (273+ t) ]
M-mass of gas, p-pressure of gas, v-volume of gas, M-molar mass of gas, t-temperature of gas;
derivation formula 5:
v 2-volume of mixed gas, v 1-volume of sample gas, vx-volume of diluent gas, t 2-temperature of mixed gas, t 1-temperature of sample gas, tx-temperature of diluent gas;
derivation of equation 6:
s2 theoretical flow rate of gas mixture sampling at constant speed, S1 flow rate of flue gas (sample gas), SX flow rate of diluent gas, m2 sectional area of gas mixture flow rate measuring point, m1 sectional area of sampling port of gas flue gas sampler, and mx sectional area of diluent gas flow rate measuring point;
the dynamic formula of the jet pump is as follows:
PC/P0＝0.1147*(3.0365-Qs/Q0)
PC-jet pump (extraction gas/flue) pressure pa;
p0 — fan working (power-pneumatic) pressure pa;
qs-volume flow rate of sample (extracted gas) m3/s after sampling;
q0-volume flow of working fluid (power gas) of the fan m 3/s;
and according to the formula
S1＝S2＝Qs/S
S1, measuring the flow velocity m/S of the flue gas;
s2-theoretical flow rate of sampling of mixed gas at constant speed;
qs-volume flow rate of sample (extracted gas) m3/s after sampling;
the control system needs to control the air supply amount of the jet flow power fan through the extraction controller, so that the difference between the final extraction actual flow speed S and S2 is 0, namely S2-S is 0.
As a further aspect of the invention, the term explains:
flue gas, gas present in a flue, chimney or other duct;
a sampling port: a sampling port of the flue gas sampler;
sample gas: the smoke to be detected enters the sampling port;
an extraction controller: controlling a device for extracting sample gas;
extracting a power source: the equipment for extracting the sample gas and generating the extraction power can be an air pump or a jet pump;
flow rate measurement points: measuring points for measuring the flow rate of the extracted gas;
a measuring chamber: the chamber is used for installing a meter to measure the particles of the sample gas;
diluting gas: other gases used to dilute the sample gas, such as nitrogen, air, etc.;
a dilution controller: means for controlling the dilution gas;
mixed gas: and the sample gas and the diluent gas are mixed to measure the concentration of the particles.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the control system calculates data measured by a flue gas temperature instrument, a flue gas velocity meter, a mixed gas temperature instrument, a diluent gas velocity meter and a diluent gas temperature instrument to obtain a required theoretical extraction flow velocity value S2, changes the power of an extraction power source and a diluent gas source by adjusting an extraction controller and a diluent gas controller, finally obtains a feedback actual flow velocity S through the mixed gas velocity meter, and finally enables the mixed gas velocity S to be equal to S2, thereby finally realizing constant-velocity sampling under temperature change; and finally, the particle monitor is ensured to measure the accurate particle content in the flue gas through the measuring chamber.
And measuring the measured flue gas temperature, the diluent gas temperature and the mixed gas temperature, performing compensation calculation according to the temperature to obtain the flow velocity of the mixed gas which needs to be extracted finally, and controlling the extraction controller and the dilution controller according to the data to finish constant-speed tracking sampling.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention: a dilution heating type particulate matter constant-speed sampling device with temperature compensation comprises a flue gas sampler, a dilution gas mechanism, a mixed gas mechanism, an extraction power source and an extraction controller. The flue gas sampler consists of a flue gas sampling tube, a flue gas flow velocity meter and a flue gas temperature meter; the dilution gas mechanism consists of a dilution gas flow rate instrument, a dilution gas temperature instrument, a dilution gas source and a dilution gas controller, wherein the dilution gas source is other gases for diluting the sample gas, such as nitrogen, air and the like, and a compressed gas or an air pump can be used; the mixed gas mechanism consists of a mixed gas flow rate instrument and a mixed gas temperature instrument; the particulate matter monitor is arranged in the measuring chamber; the extraction power source is equipment for extracting sample gas to generate extraction power, and can be an air pump, a jet pump and the like; the extraction controller is a device that controls the extraction of the sample gas. And a dilution gas pipeline where the dilution gas mechanism is located is in butt joint with the flue gas sampling tube, the dilution gas and the flue gas are mixed and then enter a mixed gas pipeline where the mixed gas mechanism is located, and finally the mixed gas pipeline enters a measuring time chamber for monitoring.
The flue gas sampling tube extends into the flue gas pipeline, and the opening of the flue gas sampling tube is opposite to the flow direction of the flue gas in the flue gas pipeline; monitoring probes of a flue gas flow velocity meter and a flue gas temperature meter respectively extend into the flue gas pipeline; when flowing in a flue gas pipeline, flue gas passes through monitoring probes of a flue gas flow velocity instrument and a flue gas temperature instrument and enters a flue gas sampler from a flue gas sampling pipe, and the flue gas flow velocity instrument and the flue gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of sample gas and then transmit monitoring data to a control system.
The dilution gas controller is driven by the control system to control a dilution gas source to convey dilution gas from a dilution gas pipeline to a pipeline of the flue gas sampler to be mixed with sample gas; the diluent gas passes through the monitoring probes of the diluent gas flow velocity instrument and the diluent gas temperature instrument when flowing in the diluent gas pipeline, and the diluent gas flow velocity instrument and the diluent gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of the diluent gas and then transmit monitoring data to the control system.
Mixing the diluent gas and the sample gas, then feeding the mixture into a mixed gas pipeline, controlling an extraction power source to work under the driving of a control system by an extraction controller, generating negative pressure by the extraction power source, allowing the mixed gas to flow in the mixed gas pipeline into a measuring chamber under the action of the negative pressure, and monitoring the mixed gas by a particulate matter monitor in the measuring chamber; when the mixed gas flows in the mixed gas pipeline, the mixed gas passes through the monitoring probes of the mixed gas flow velocity instrument and the mixed gas temperature instrument, and the mixed gas flow velocity instrument and the mixed gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of the mixed gas and transmit monitoring data to the control system.
The control system calculates data measured by a flue gas temperature instrument, a flue gas velocity meter, a mixed gas temperature instrument, a diluent gas velocity meter and a diluent gas temperature instrument to obtain a required theoretical extraction flow velocity value S2, changes the power of an extraction power source and a diluent gas source by adjusting an extraction controller and a diluent gas controller, finally obtains a feedback actual sample gas velocity S through the mixed gas velocity meter, and finally makes the mixed gas velocity S equal to S2, thereby finally realizing constant-velocity sampling under temperature change; and finally, the particle monitor is ensured to measure the accurate particle content in the flue gas through the measuring chamber.
Example 2
The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the utility model provides a dilute heating type particulate matter constant speed sampling device with temperature compensation, the formula derivation that the extraction power supply adopted the aspiration pump:
the quality of the gas is kept constant when the temperature and the volume are changed, so that the gas can be obtained,
formula 1: m2 ═ m1+ mx
m2 mass of mixed gas, m1 mass of sample gas, mx mass of dilution gas;
the pressure of the flue gas, the sample gas and the mixed gas is the same during constant-speed sampling, and a universal formula is calculated according to the gas mass: m ═ p × v × M ÷ [8.314 × (273+ t) ]
M-mass of gas, p-pressure of gas, v-volume of gas, M-molar mass of gas, t-temperature of gas;
derivation of equation 2:
v 2-volume of mixed gas, v 1-volume of sample gas, vx-volume of diluent gas, t 2-temperature of mixed gas, t 1-temperature of sample gas, tx-temperature of diluent gas;
derivation formula 3:
s2 theoretical flow rate of gas mixture sampling at constant speed, S1 flow rate of flue gas (sample gas), SX flow rate of diluent gas, m2 sectional area of gas mixture flow rate measuring point, m1 sectional area of sampling port of gas flue gas sampler, and mx sectional area of diluent gas flow rate measuring point;
the control system needs to track the change of S1 according to S2 after compensation calculation so that the difference between the final extracted actual flow rate S and S2 is 0, i.e., S2-S is 0.
Example 3
The embodiment provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the utility model provides a dilute heating type particulate matter constant speed sampling device with temperature compensation, when the extraction power supply is the jet pump, combines certain quality ideal gas state equation to be according to the accurate two-dimensional theoretical computational formula of jet pump's performance fit:
the quality of the gas is kept constant when the temperature and the volume are changed, so that the gas can be obtained,
formula 4: m2 ═ m1+ mx
m2 mass of mixed gas, m1 mass of sample gas, mx mass of dilution gas;
the pressure of the flue gas, the sample gas and the mixed gas is the same during constant-speed sampling, and a universal formula is calculated according to the gas mass: m ═ p × v × M ÷ [8.314 × (273+ t) ]
M-mass of gas, p-pressure of gas, v-volume of gas, M-molar mass of gas, t-temperature of gas;
derivation formula 5:
v 2-volume of mixed gas, v 1-volume of sample gas, vx-volume of diluent gas, t 2-temperature of mixed gas, t 1-temperature of sample gas, tx-temperature of diluent gas;
derivation of equation 6:
s2 theoretical flow rate of gas mixture sampling at constant speed, S1 flow rate of flue gas (sample gas), Sx flow rate of diluent gas, m2 sectional area of gas mixture flow rate measuring point, m1 sectional area of sampling port of flue gas sampler gas, and mx sectional area of diluent gas flow rate measuring point;
the dynamic formula of the jet pump is as follows:
PC/P0＝0.1147*(3.0365-Qs/Q0)
PC-jet pump (extraction gas/flue) pressure pa;
p0 — fan working (power-pneumatic) pressure pa;
qs-volume flow rate of sample (extracted gas) m3/s after sampling;
q0-volume flow of working fluid (power gas) of the fan m 3/s;
and according to the formula
S1＝S2＝Qs/S
S1, measuring the flow velocity m/S of the flue gas;
s2-theoretical flow rate of sampling of mixed gas at constant speed;
qs-volume flow rate of sample (extracted gas) m3/s after sampling;
the control system needs to control the air supply amount of the jet flow power fan through the extraction controller, so that the difference between the final extraction actual flow speed S and S2 is 0, namely S2-S is 0.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Claims (7)
1. A dilution heating type particulate matter constant-speed sampling device with temperature compensation comprises a flue gas sampler, a dilution gas mechanism, a mixed gas mechanism, an extraction power source and an extraction controller, wherein the flue gas sampler consists of a flue gas sampling tube, a flue gas velocity meter and a flue gas temperature meter; the dilution gas mechanism consists of a dilution gas flow rate meter, a dilution gas temperature meter, a dilution gas source and a dilution gas controller, wherein the dilution gas source is other gases for diluting the sample gas, such as nitrogen and air, and an air pump can be used; the mixed gas mechanism consists of a mixed gas flow rate instrument and a mixed gas temperature instrument; the particulate matter monitor is arranged in the measuring chamber; the extraction power source is equipment for extracting sample gas to generate extraction power, and can be an air pump or a jet pump; the extraction controller is equipment for controlling the extraction of sample gas; and a dilution gas pipeline where the dilution gas mechanism is located is in butt joint with the flue gas sampling tube, the dilution gas and the flue gas are mixed and then enter a mixed gas pipeline where the mixed gas mechanism is located, and finally the mixed gas pipeline enters a measuring chamber for monitoring.
2. The dilution-heating type constant-velocity particulate matter sampling device with temperature compensation according to claim 1, wherein: the flue gas sampling tube extends into the flue gas pipeline, and the opening of the flue gas sampling tube is opposite to the flow direction of the flue gas in the flue gas pipeline; monitoring probes of a flue gas flow velocity meter and a flue gas temperature meter respectively extend into the flue gas pipeline;
when flowing in a flue gas pipeline, flue gas passes through monitoring probes of a flue gas flow velocity instrument and a flue gas temperature instrument and enters a flue gas sampler from a flue gas sampling pipe, and the flue gas flow velocity instrument and the flue gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of the flue gas and then transmit monitoring data to a control system.
3. The dilution-heating type constant-velocity particulate matter sampling device with temperature compensation according to claim 1, wherein: the dilution gas controller is driven by the control system to control a dilution gas source to convey dilution gas from a dilution gas pipeline to a pipeline of the flue gas sampler to be mixed with flue gas;
the diluent gas passes through the monitoring probes of the diluent gas flow velocity instrument and the diluent gas temperature instrument when flowing in the diluent gas pipeline, and the diluent gas flow velocity instrument and the diluent gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of the diluent gas and then transmit monitoring data to the control system.
4. The dilution-heating type constant-velocity particulate matter sampling device with temperature compensation according to claim 1, wherein: mixing the diluent gas and the sample gas, then feeding the mixture into a mixed gas pipeline, controlling an extraction power source to work under the driving of a control system by an extraction controller, generating negative pressure by the extraction power source, allowing the mixed gas to flow in the mixed gas pipeline into a measuring chamber under the action of the negative pressure, and monitoring the mixed gas by a particulate matter monitor in the measuring chamber;
when the mixed gas flows in the mixed gas pipeline, the mixed gas passes through the monitoring probes of the mixed gas flow velocity instrument and the mixed gas temperature instrument, and the mixed gas flow velocity instrument and the mixed gas temperature instrument monitor the flow velocity and the temperature of the mixed gas and transmit monitoring data to the control system.
5. The dilution-heating type constant-velocity particulate matter sampling device with temperature compensation according to claim 1, wherein: the extraction power source is derived by adopting a formula of an air extraction pump:
the quality of the gas is kept constant when the temperature and the volume are changed, so that the gas can be obtained,
formula 1: m2 ═ m1+ mx
m2 mass of mixed gas, m1 mass of sample gas, mx mass of dilution gas;
the pressure of the flue gas, the sample gas and the mixed gas is the same during constant-speed sampling, and a universal formula is calculated according to the gas mass:
m-mass of gas, p-pressure of gas, v-volume of gas, M-molar mass of gas, t-temperature of gas;
derivation of equation 2:
v 2-volume of mixed gas, v 1-volume of sample gas, vx-volume of diluent gas, t 2-temperature of mixed gas, t 1-temperature of sample gas, tx-temperature of diluent gas;
derivation formula 3:
s2 theoretical flow rate of gas mixture sampling at constant speed, S1 flow rate of flue gas (sample gas), SX flow rate of diluent gas, m2 sectional area of measuring point of gas mixture flow rate, m1 sectional area of sampling port of flue gas sampler, and mx sectional area of measuring point of flow rate of diluent gas;
the control system needs to track the change of S1 according to S2 after compensation calculation so that the difference between the final extracted actual flow rate S and S2 is 0, i.e., S2-S is 0.
6. The dilution-heating type constant-velocity particulate matter sampling device with temperature compensation according to claim 1, wherein: when the extraction power source is a jet pump, a quasi-two-dimensional theoretical calculation formula is fitted according to the performance of the jet pump, and an ideal gas state equation with certain mass is combined as follows:
the quality of the gas is kept constant when the temperature and the volume are changed, so that the gas can be obtained,
formula 4: m2 ═ m1+ mx
m2 mass of mixed gas, m1 mass of sample gas, mx mass of dilution gas;
the pressure of the flue gas, the sample gas and the mixed gas is the same during constant-speed sampling, and a universal formula is calculated according to the gas mass:
m-mass of gas, p-pressure of gas, v-volume of gas, M-molar mass of gas, t-temperature of gas;
derivation formula 5:
v 2-volume of mixed gas, v 1-volume of sample gas, vx-volume of diluent gas, t 2-temperature of mixed gas, t 1-temperature of sample gas, tx-temperature of diluent gas;
derivation of equation 6:
s2 theoretical flow rate of gas mixture sampling at constant speed, S1 flow rate of flue gas (sample gas), SX flow rate of diluent gas, m2 sectional area of gas mixture flow rate measuring point, m1 sectional area of sampling port of gas flue gas sampler, and mx sectional area of diluent gas flow rate measuring point;
the dynamic formula of the jet pump is as follows:
PC/P0＝0.1147*(3.0365-Qs/Q0)
PC-jet pump (extraction gas/flue) pressure pa;
p0 — fan working (power-pneumatic) pressure pa; )
Qs-volume flow rate of sample (extracted gas) m3/s after sampling;
q0-volume flow of working fluid (power gas) of the fan m 3/s;
and according to the formula
S1＝S2＝Qs/S
S1, measuring the flow velocity m/S of the flue gas;
s2-theoretical flow rate of sampling of mixed gas at constant speed;
qs-volume flow rate of sample (extracted gas) m3/s after sampling;
the control system needs to control the air supply amount of the jet flow power fan through the extraction controller, so that the difference between the final extraction actual flow speed S and S2 is 0, namely S2-S is 0.
7. The dilution-heating type constant-velocity particulate matter sampling device with temperature compensation according to claim 1, wherein: the noun explains:
flue gas, gas present in a flue, chimney or other duct;
a sampling port: a sampling port of the flue gas sampler;
sample gas: the smoke to be detected enters the sampling port;
an extraction controller: controlling a device for extracting sample gas;
extracting a power source: the equipment for extracting the sample gas and generating the extraction power can be an air pump or a jet pump;
flow rate measurement points: measuring points for measuring the flow rate of the extracted gas;
a measuring chamber: the chamber is used for installing a meter to measure the particles of the sample gas;
diluting gas: other gases used to dilute the sample gas, such as nitrogen and air;
a dilution controller: means for controlling the dilution gas;
mixed gas: and the sample gas and the diluent gas are mixed to measure the concentration of the particles.
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