CN112611275B - Detection method for blasting blind gun - Google Patents
Detection method for blasting blind gun Download PDFInfo
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- CN112611275B CN112611275B CN202011471101.9A CN202011471101A CN112611275B CN 112611275 B CN112611275 B CN 112611275B CN 202011471101 A CN202011471101 A CN 202011471101A CN 112611275 B CN112611275 B CN 112611275B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
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Abstract
The invention discloses a blind shot phenomenon in a blasting construction process, provides an improved algorithm based on EMD and a cross-correlation function, is named CEMD, and can realize accurate detection of a blasting blind shot. The method comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out self-adaptive decomposition on an explosion vibration signal by using EMD to obtain a series of IMF components, constructing a principal component screening model by using a cross-correlation function, then extracting a principal component envelope curve by Hilbert transform, calculating the time delay of an envelope curve peak point and comparing the time delay with the actual time delay of blast hole explosion to realize blind shot detection. In order to check the effectiveness of the method, the method is applied to tunnel blasting blind shot detection. The result shows that the blind shot detection accuracy rates of the vibration waveform method, the wavelet time-energy density method and the CEMD method are respectively 11%, 62% and 100%, and the CEMD blind shot detection method is superior to the high-precision magnetic method, the transient electromagnetic method and the frequency division multiple access method in five indexes of the blast hole size, the detection distance, the detection precision, the geological condition and the use cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of blasting, in particular to a method for detecting a blasting blind shot.
Background
In the blasting construction process, because of the influence of the quality of blasting materials, blasting design and construction and other artificial factors, blind blasting events are easy to occur. The blind cannon not only seriously influences the blasting effect, but also brings huge potential safety hazards, however, the generation of the blind cannon in the blasting engineering cannot be completely avoided, and how to detect the blind cannon quickly and efficiently becomes a research hotspot and difficulty in the field of engineering blasting. The current blind shot detection methods can be generally classified into two categories: one category is geophysical prospecting methods, including high-precision magnetic methods, transient electromagnetic methods, and frequency division multiple access methods. The high-precision magnetic method is characterized in that a detection target object is prefabricated in a blast hole in advance, and detection is carried out through magnetic field change caused by magnetic difference between the detection target object and surrounding media before and after blasting, a certain result is obtained, but the detection precision is greatly influenced by geological conditions. The transient electromagnetic method is characterized in that an electromagnetic inductor is preset in a chamber or a blast hole, and a transient electromagnetic coupling detection system is arranged on the ground surface, so that blind shot detection is realized through abnormal conditions of electromagnetic fields before and after explosion, but the condition that a plurality of blind shots exist is difficult to accurately detect. The FDMA method is characterized in that an electromagnetic signal generator is preset in a blast hole in advance, the change of an electromagnetic field before and after blasting is analyzed, the effect on large-scale blind shot detection with deep blasting burial is good, but the detection precision is limited by the magnetic conductivity of rock-soil bodies, and the detection cost is high. The other type is a detection method of blasting seismic waves, which is characterized in that the actual delay of each blast hole is detected by utilizing the waveform characteristics of the blasting seismic waves, whether blind shots exist is detected by comparing with the design delay of the blast holes, yan Jinglong and the like, the blind shots are detected by analyzing the waveform characteristics of the blasting seismic waves and combining the characteristic of quantitative calculation of the accurate delay of an electronic detonator, but the seismic waves are greatly influenced by factors such as engineering geological conditions and the like, and the waveform vibration peak value is easily misjudged. Li Qiyue and others propose a blind shot detection method based on wavelet transform time-energy density based on the energy of the blasting seismic waves, but the precision of wavelet transform depends on the selection of wavelet functions, and errors can be generated on the detection result of the blind shot. Zhang Yi equally utilizes Empirical Mode Decomposition to extract the envelope peak point of the principal component of the earthquake wave to detect the delay time of the explosion, compared with the wavelet method, the method does not need to select the wavelet Function, has self-adaptability and greatly improves the detection precision, but the EMD (Empirical Mode Decomposition) detection method usually selects the principal component according to the amplitude value and the waveform attenuation characteristic of the decomposed IMF (Intrinsic Mode Function) component and can lose the original information of the earthquake wave.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the problem of selection of principal components in the EMD detection method, a Cross-Correlation Function (CCF) analysis method is introduced into the process of selection of signal principal components. As the Cross-Correlation function can represent the similarity characteristics of any two groups of signals, the Cross-Correlation coefficient of the blasting vibration signal and the IMF component can be used as an index for measuring the Correlation degree of the blasting vibration signal and the IMF component to construct a main IMF component screening model, and further provides a Cross-Correlation Empirical Mode Decomposition (CEMD) method, which is applied to blind shot detection and compared with a blasting vibration waveform method, a wavelet time-energy density method, a high-precision magnetic method, a transient electromagnetic method and a frequency division multiple access method, so as to test and evaluate the blind shot detection effect of the CEMD method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a detection method for a blasting blind shot comprises the following steps:
performing EMD decomposition on an original signal;
secondly, calculating cross-correlation coefficients of the original signals and each IMF component;
defining the sensitivity of each component reflecting the original signal;
fourthly, calculating the attenuation rate of adjacent sensitivity;
fifthly, selecting a main IMF component combination;
sixthly, extracting a main IMF component envelope;
and extracting envelope peak points for blind shot detection.
Preferably, the decomposition of the original signal is carried out, specifically, the blasting vibration signal y (t) is decomposed into a series of IMF components x by EMD i (t)
Preferably, the cross-correlation coefficient between the original signal and each component is calculated by the following specific calculation formula:
calculating the original signal y (t) and each component x i (t) the cross-correlation function is normalized to obtain the cross-correlation coefficient r xy (τ) is:
preferably, said definition of each component reflects the sensitivity of the original signal, in particular taking the cross-correlation function r xy (tau) sensitivity a of each component reflecting blind shot characteristics of blasting signals i ：
a i ＝max(r xy (τ))
Preferably, the attenuation rate of adjacent sensitivities is calculated, in particular the sensitivity a i Sequencing from big to small, and calculating the attenuation rate k of adjacent sensitivities j Comprises the following steps:
k j ＝(a j+1 -a j )/a j
preferably, the combination of the main IMF components is selected, specifically, the first maximum value of the attenuation ratio is k m Then, the IMF components corresponding to the top m sorted sensitivities are taken as the principal component combination.
Preferably, the main IMF component envelope is extracted according to the following specific calculation formula:
performing Hilbert transform on the selected main component combination, and extracting an envelope a (t) as follows:
z(t)＝c(t)+jH[c(t)]＝a(t)e jφ(t)
in the formula: pv represents the Cauchy principal value and a (t) is the amplitude of the analytic signal z (t), also called the envelope of the signal. Preferably, the blind shot detection is to summarize the envelope peak points of the main components, and the blind shot can be detected by comparing the design delay of each shot hole with the actual delay of the envelope peak points.
The beneficial effects are that: because the CEMD uses EMD to carry out self-adaptive decomposition on the explosion vibration signal, an IMF principal component screening model is constructed by utilizing a cross-correlation function, principal component envelopes are extracted by using Hilbert transform after the principal components are screened out, the actual time delay of the blast hole explosion is obtained by calculating the time delay of envelope peak points, finally the actual time delay of the blast hole explosion is compared with the design time delay to realize blind shot detection, and the blind shot detection accuracy rates of the vibration waveform method, the wavelet time-energy density method and the CEMD are respectively 11 percent, 62 percent and 100 percent, and the CEMD blind shot detection method is superior to the high-precision magnetic method, the transient electromagnetic method and the frequency division multiple access method in five indexes of blast hole size, detection distance, detection accuracy, geological conditions and use cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the velocity time course of a blast vibration signal in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of IMF components of a blast vibration signal according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the cross-correlation function of the blast vibration signal and IMF components in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a table of the attenuation of the sensitivity of components to a burst vibration signal in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the envelope of the primary IMF components in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a specific delay table of blind shot holes according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a detailed distribution diagram of a blind shot according to the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram comparing CEMD with a vibration waveform method, a wavelet time-energy density method, in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagram comparing CEMD with high precision magnetic, transient electromagnetic and frequency multi-address methods in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 10 is a flow chart of the steps of the detection method of the blasting blind shot according to the invention.
Detailed Description
The principle and the specific implementation mode of the invention are described aiming at the blasting vibration measurement of the camping tunnel in south yang city, the testing site is selected from the camping tunnel on the expressway in south yang city, the testing points are arranged at the left side and the right side close to the tunnel, the blasting vibration test adopts a shock meter III produced by Instantel of Canada, and the vibration speed range reaches 254mm/s; the frequency response range is 2-300 Hz; 88-148 dB of noise; the precision is +/-5% or 0.5mm/s, and the larger value is taken; resolution ratio: 0.127mm/s or 0.0159mm/s with random preamplifiers; a seismic trigger: 0.125-254 mm/s; there are three recording modes of manual, single-click and continuous; the sampling rate can be set in a grading way, and each channel is 1024-16000 Hz.
The test adopts a continuous recording mode, the sampling rate is set to be 4096Hz, and the collected blasting vibration signals are shown in figure 1. The blind shot detection method for blasting is adopted to carry out blind shot detection processing, fig. 10 is a flow chart of steps of the blind shot detection method for blasting, and as shown in fig. 10, the method comprises the following specific steps:
first, an explosion vibration signal is subjected to EMD decomposition, and 12 IMF components are obtained, as shown in fig. 2.
And calculating the cross correlation coefficient of the blasting vibration signal and each IMF component.
Computing each IMF component x resolved by EMD i (t) cross-correlation function r with the blast vibration signal y (t) xy
As shown in fig. 3.
Defining sensitivity of each component reflecting the blasting vibration signal.
Since the larger the value of the cross-correlation coefficient, the stronger the correlation between the IMF component and the blasting vibration signal, the peak point of the cross-correlation function in FIG. 3 is taken as the sensitivity a of each component to the vibration signal i ：
a i ＝max(r xy (τ))
Fourth, the attenuation rate of the adjacent sensitivities is calculated.
The attenuation rates k of adjacent sensitivities are calculated after the attenuation rates are sequenced from large to small i ：
k j ＝(a j+1 -a j )/a j
As shown in fig. 4.
The main IMF component combination is selected.
As can be seen from FIG. 4, x 4 Highest sensitivity to burst vibration signals, x 10 At the lowest, so the principal components should be from x 4 The screening was started from top to bottom. Due to k 5 →k 3 Are all negative and decrease in value, indicating x 4 →x 5 →x 3 The sensitivity to the blasting vibration signal is gradually reduced, but the reduction amplitude is reduced, and the sensitivity of the three is still kept at a higher level; and k is 3 →k 6 Increase in the number of (A), indicates that x 6 The sensitivity to burst vibration signals is greatly reduced, so that x with higher sensitivity to burst vibration signals is selected 4 、x 5 、x 3 As a combination of principal components.
Sixthly, extracting an envelope of the main IMF component.
For x 4 、x 5 、x 3 Respectively carrying out Hilbert transform, and extracting envelope lines a (t) as follows:
z(t)＝c(t)+jH[c(t)]＝a(t)e jφ(t)
in the formula: pv represents the Cauchy principal value and a (t) is the amplitude of the analytic signal z (t), also called the envelope of the signal.
As shown in fig. 5.
Blind shot detection
Separately extracting x 3 、x 4 、x 5 Summarizing envelope peak points, and comparing with the design delay of blast holes to obtain the blind blast holesSpecific delays, as shown in fig. 6; and the specific position of the blind shot is obtained by combining the shot hole arrangement diagram, as shown in fig. 7.
And comparing blind shot detection methods
Blind shot detection was performed using a vibration waveform method, a wavelet time-energy density method, and compared with CEMD detection results, as shown in fig. 8.
As can be seen from fig. 8, the blind shot detection accuracy rates of the vibration waveform method, the wavelet time-energy density method and the CEMD method for various gun holes are 11%, 62% and 100% on average, so that the blind shot detection accuracy of the CEMD method is higher than that of the former two methods. Meanwhile, blind shot detection indexes of a high-precision magnetic method, a transient electromagnetic method and a multi-address method are summarized and compared with CEMD (central evolution system for manufacturing) as shown in FIG. 9.
As can be seen from fig. 9, CEMD has significant advantages over the high-precision magnetic method, the transient electromagnetic method, and the frequency multi-address method in terms of five indexes, i.e., the size of the blast hole, the detection distance, the detection accuracy, the geological conditions, and the use cost.
The result shows that the blind shot detection accuracy rates of the vibration waveform method, the wavelet time-energy density method and the CEMD method are respectively 11%, 62% and 100%, and the CEMD blind shot detection method is superior to the high-precision magnetic method, the transient electromagnetic method and the frequency division multiple access method in five indexes of the blast hole size, the detection distance, the detection precision, the geological condition and the use cost.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent flow transformations made by using the contents of the specification and drawings, or applied directly or indirectly to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for detecting a blasting blind shot is characterized by comprising the following steps: it comprises the following steps:
performing EMD decomposition on an original signal;
secondly, a cross-correlation function of the original signal and each IMF component is calculated, and the specific calculation formula is as follows:
calculating the original signal y (t) and each component x i Cross correlation function of (t)Number, normalization processing to obtain cross-correlation function r xy (τ) is:
in the formula: t is time, tau is delay time, x (T) is each component signal, T is signal period time, r xy (τ) represents the cross-correlation function values of signals x (t) and y (t).
Defining sensitivity of each component reflecting original signals, and specifically taking a cross-correlation function r xy (tau) the sensitivity a of each component reflecting the blind shot characteristics of the blasting signal i ：
a i ＝max(r xy (τ))
In the formula: max (r) xy (τ)) is a cross-correlation function r xy Maximum value of (τ), a i And reflecting the sensitivity of the blind shot characteristics of the blasting signals for the ith component.
Fourth, the attenuation rate of adjacent sensitivity, specifically the sensitivity a, is calculated i Sequencing from big to small, and calculating the attenuation rate k of adjacent sensitivities j→i Comprises the following steps:
k j→i ＝(a j -a i )/a i
in the formula: k is a radical of j→i The sensitivity a of the jth component after the sensitivity is sorted from large to small j Sensitivity a relative to ith component i The decay rate of (c).
Fifthly, selecting the main IMF component combination, specifically setting the first maximum value of the attenuation rate to be k m Then, the IMF components corresponding to the top m sorted sensitivities are taken as the principal components c (t);
sixthly, extracting a main IMF component envelope;
and extracting envelope peak points for blind shot detection.
2. The detection method of the blasting blind shot according to claim 1, characterized in that: the original signal is decomposed, specifically, the blasting vibration signal y (t) is decomposed into a series of IMF components x through EMD i (t)。
3. The detection method of the blasting blind shot according to claim 1, characterized in that: the specific calculation formula for extracting the envelope curve of the main IMF component is as follows:
hilbert transform is performed on the selected principal component combination, and an envelope a (t) is extracted as follows:
z(t)＝c(t)+jH[c(t)]＝a(t)e jφ(t)
in the formula: pv represents the Cauchy principal value, c (t) is the selected principal component, H [ c (t) ] is the Hilbert transform value of the principal component c (t), j is the imaginary unit, φ (t) is the instantaneous phase of the principal component c (t), and a (t) is the amplitude of the analytic signal z (t), also called the envelope of the signal.
4. The detection method of the blasting blind shot according to claim 1, characterized in that: the blind shot detection is to summarize envelope peak points of all main components, and the blind shots can be detected by comparing the design delay of all shot holes with the actual delay of the envelope peak points.
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