CN109708550B - Blind gun identification method based on blasting vibration signal detection - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an engineering blasting technology, in particular to a blind shot identification method based on blasting vibration signal detection. The invention relates to a blind shot identification method based on blasting vibration signal detection, which comprises the following steps: (1) obtaining and recording an original blasting vibration signal f (t); (2) analyzing the original blasting vibration signal f (t) obtained in the step (1) by empirical mode decomposition to obtain an IMF component of the blasting vibration signal and obtain a principal component of the IMF component; (3) acquiring an envelope function of a principal vibration component; (4) confirming whether a blind shot is generated; (5) and determining the position of the blind shot. The invention provides a quick, economic and reliable blind shot identification method based on blasting vibration signal detection, so as to avoid safety accidents caused by inaccurate and timely blind shot elimination.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an engineering blasting technology, in particular to a blind shot identification method based on blasting vibration signal detection, which can be used for blind shot identification in a differential hole-by-hole detonating network.
Background
The one-time dosage of the engineering blasting is larger, and in order to achieve good blasting effect and reduce blasting vibration, the general sectional blasting is adopted and differential delay detonation is adopted. During the blasting process, blind shots may be generated during the blasting process due to some uncertain factors. Accidents are easily caused after blind shots are generated by blasting, and the traditional blind shot identification method is mainly judged by the experience of workers, so that the actual situation is often difficult to accurately reflect by the result. Therefore, the method for identifying the blind cannon is practical, rapid and reliable, and has great practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical current situation of blind shot identification in the current blasting engineering, the invention aims to provide a quick, economic and reliable blind shot identification method so as to avoid safety accidents caused by inaccurate and timely blind shot elimination.
Aiming at the aim of the invention, the blind shot identification method based on the blasting vibration signal detection mainly comprises the following steps:
the blind shot identification method based on the blasting vibration signal detection comprises the following steps:
(1) establishing a hole-by-hole detonation type blasting network, arranging a blasting vibration tester at a position for recording blasting vibration signals, and recording original blasting vibration signals f (t);
(2) analyzing the original blasting vibration signal f (t) obtained in the step (1) by empirical mode decomposition to obtain an IMF component of the blasting vibration signal and obtain a principal component of the IMF component;
(3) performing Hilbert transformation on the principal component of the IMF component obtained in the step (2) to obtain an envelope function of the principal vibration component;
(4) analyzing the envelope function obtained in the step (3), wherein the number of each pole on the envelope function is the number of each actual initiation section of the blasting network, comparing the number with the number of theoretical sections, and if the number is equal, generating no blind shot; if the number is smaller than the theoretical segment number, generating blind shots;
(5) and (4) obtaining the actual detonation time of each section of explosive according to the envelope function obtained in the step (4), sequentially subtracting the detonation times of the adjacent sections to obtain the actual detonation delay time of the adjacent blast holes, and comparing the actual detonation delay time with the theoretical delay time of blasting design so as to determine the position of the blind shot.
The blasting vibration tester is a TC-4850 blasting vibration tester.
The specific steps of the step (2) are as follows:
(1) using cubic spline interpolation to form an upper envelope line and a lower envelope line of all local extreme points of an original blasting vibration signal f (t), wherein the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line comprise all data points of the signal;
(2) the average value of the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line obtained in the step (1) is recorded as m1(t) obtaining
(3) For different blasting vibration signals f (t), if h1(t) obtained in the step (2) is an IMF component or not, if h1(t) is an IMF component, the result is marked as c1(t) = h1 (t); if h1(t) is not an IMF component, taking the h1(t) signal obtained in the step (2) as an original signal, repeating the steps (1) to (2) k times to obtain the k-th screening data h1k (t):
h1k (t) is not an IMF component, and there must be a termination condition for the screening process, determined by calculating the standard deviation SD between two successive processing results:
when the value of SD is 0.1-0.4, the first satisfied h1k (t) is the first order, and c1(t) = h1k (t), then c1(t) is the first-order IMF component of the signal f (t);
(4) decomposing the 1 st IMF component c obtained in the step (2)1(t) removing the original blasting vibration signal f (t) to obtain a residual time sequence r1(t)：
(5) When r is1(t) is a monotonic function or only one pole exists, empirical mode decomposition is completed, and r is1(t) recording as residual error, otherwise, recording r obtained in the step (4)1(t) repeating steps (1) through (4) as raw data to obtain other order components of the signal, such as c1(t)~ ci(t)。
The value of SD is preferably 0.2-0.3.
Preference is given to c2(t)，c3(t) or c4(t) is a principal component of the IMF component. Comparing principal component components of Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) components, and selecting IMF components capable of reflecting principal components of signal information, wherein the obtaining principle is as follows: firstly, comparing the IMF component with the original signal characteristics, such as the approximate time point of waveform change, waveform form and the like (generally, the 1 st IMF component is a noise component, and the 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th components are main characteristic components); observing the waveform information retention degree of the selected component, wherein the later component loses the original waveform information due to more screening times; and comparing whether the effect is optimal or not.
The specific steps of the step (3) are as follows:
hilbert transform is performed on principal component c (t) of the selected IMF components,
wherein H [ c (t) ] is Hilbert transform function of c (t), PV is Cauchy's principal value, and c (t) is selected IMF principal component;
wherein a (t) is the envelope function of the IMF principal component c (t).
The blind shot identification method based on the blasting vibration signal detection can effectively avoid a method for judging blind shots by manual experience, and can more effectively identify the blind shots and the positions of the blind shots.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a blind shot identification method based on blasting vibration signal detection according to the embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a blasting network of the blind shot identification method based on the detection of the blasting vibration signal according to the embodiment;
fig. 3 is an original blasting vibration signal f (t) of the blind shot identification method based on the blasting vibration signal detection in the embodiment;
FIG. 4 shows the components (i.e., c) of signals IMF 1-IMF 13 of the blind shot identification method based on the detection of the blasting vibration signal in the present embodiment1(t)~ ci(t),c1(t) corresponding to IMF1, c2(t) corresponds to IMF2, and so on) and remainder r;
FIG. 5 shows the IMF5 components of the main components when the blind shot identification method based on the detection of the blasting vibration signal is used without a blind shot;
FIG. 6 shows the IMF5 component Hilbert transform modulus value when the blind shot identification method based on the blast vibration signal detection has no blind shot in the embodiment;
fig. 7 shows the Hilbert transform module values of the IMF principal component components when blind shots exist in the blind shot identification method based on the blast vibration signal detection according to the embodiment.
Detailed Description
As further described below with reference to fig. 1 to 6, a blind shot identification method based on blast vibration signal detection includes the following steps (fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present application):
(1) establishing a hole-by-hole detonation type blasting network (established according to the figure 2), setting a blasting vibration tester at a position for recording a blasting vibration signal, and recording an original blasting vibration signal f (t), wherein f (t) is as shown in figure 3 (the embodiment adopts a TC-4850 blasting vibration tester);
(2) analyzing the original blasting vibration signal f (t) obtained in the step (1) by empirical mode decomposition to obtain an IMF component of the blasting vibration signal and obtain a principal component of the IMF component; the specific steps of the step (2) are as follows:
firstly, interpolating all local extreme points of an original blasting vibration signal f (t) (shown in figure 3) by using cubic splines to form an upper envelope line and a lower envelope line, wherein the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line contain all data points of the signal;
secondly, the average value of the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line obtained in the step one is recorded as m1(t) obtaining
Thirdly, for different blasting vibration signals f (t), if h1(t) obtained in the step (2) is an IMF component or not, if h1(t) is an IMF component, the value is recorded as c1(t) = h1 (t); if h1(t) is not an IMF component, taking the h1(t) signal obtained in the step (2) as an original signal, repeating the steps (1) to (2) k times to obtain the k-th screening data h1k (t):
h1k (t) is not an IMF component, and there must be a termination condition for the screening process, determined by calculating the standard deviation SD between two successive processing results:
when the value of SD is 0.1-0.4, the first satisfied h1k (t) is the first order, and c1(t) = h1k (t), then c1(t) is the first-order IMF component of the signal f (t);
fourthly, the 1 st IMF component c resolved by the third step1(t) removing the original blasting vibration signal f (t) to obtain a residual time sequence r1(t)：
When r is1(t) is a monotonic function or exists onlyAt one extreme, empirical mode decomposition is completed, r1(t) is recorded as residual error, otherwise r obtained in the fourth step is recorded1(t) repeating steps one-four as raw data to obtain other order components of the signal, e.g. c1(t)~ ci(t) of (d). (obtaining FIG. 4)
Comparing the principal component components of the IMF components, and selecting the IMF components which can reflect the principal components of the signal information, wherein the acquisition principle is as follows: firstly, comparing IMF components with original signal characteristics, such as approximate time points of waveform change, waveform forms and the like (generally, the 1 st IMF component is a noise component, and the 2 nd to 5 th components are main characteristic components); observing the waveform information retention degree of the selected component, wherein the later component loses the original waveform information due to more screening times; and comparing whether the effect is optimal or not. (obtaining FIG. 5)
(3) Performing Hilbert transformation on the principal component of the IMF component obtained in the step (2) to obtain an envelope function of the principal vibration component; the method comprises the following specific steps:
hilbert transform is performed on principal component c (t) of the selected IMF components,
wherein H [ c (t) ] is Hilbert transform function of c (t), PV is Cauchy's principal value, and c (t) is selected IMF principal component;
wherein a (t) is the envelope function of the IMF principal component c (t). (obtaining FIG. 6 or FIG. 7)
(4) Analyzing the envelope function obtained in the step (3), wherein the number of each pole on the envelope function is the number of each actual initiation section of the blasting network, comparing the number with the number of theoretical sections, and if the number is equal, generating no blind shot; if the number is smaller than the theoretical segment number, generating blind shots; (FIG. 6 shows the case of a blind gun, and FIG. 7 shows the case of a non-blind gun)
(5) And (4) obtaining the actual detonation time of each section of explosive according to the envelope function obtained in the step (4), sequentially subtracting the detonation times of the adjacent sections to obtain the actual detonation delay time of the adjacent blast holes, and comparing the actual detonation delay time with the theoretical delay time of blasting design so as to determine the position of the blind shot.
The blind shot identification mainly comprises two steps, wherein the first step is to judge whether a blind shot is generated: the method is characterized in that a single sudden change of blasting vibration signals of monitoring points on a time curve can be caused according to the fact that the detonation of each section of detonator in the differential blasting means the sudden loading of energy, the Hilbert transformation is carried out on IMF main component components on the basis, the number of each pole on a modulus diagram is the actual detonation section of a blasting network, the theoretical detonation section can be known through a blasting design network, and the theoretical detonation section are compared to judge whether blind shots are generated or not; secondly, identifying the position of the blind shot: the differential blasting delay interval can be defined as the time difference interval between the initiation moments of two adjacent sections of detonators, the actual initiation interval time between the adjacent sections can be obtained, and the actual initiation interval time is compared with the theoretical initiation interval time to judge the blind shot position.
The specific description is as follows:
FIG. 6 is a representation of IMF5 component Hilbert transform mode values (without blind shots); the time point of the abscissa corresponding to each pole on the modulus diagram is the actual detonation moment of the differential blasting detonator. As can be clearly seen from fig. 6, the Hilbert transform module value diagram of the signal principal component shows that 7 local singular points appear, and the time points of the local singular points are 55ms, 99ms, 151ms, 247ms, 343ms, 449ms and 496ms respectively. The differential blasting vibration signal shown in fig. 3 is formed by superposing 7 sections of blasting vibration waveforms. The delay interval of the differential blasting can be defined as the time difference interval between the initiation moments of two adjacent sections of detonators, and the actual initiation moments of the detonators of the obtained sections are 44ms, 52ms, 96ms, 96ms, 106 ms and 47ms respectively.
The IMF5 component Hilbert transform module values shown in FIG. 6 have 7 extreme points and no blind shot.
FIG. 7 is a principal component Hilbert transform model value (with blind shot); as is clear from fig. 6, the time points of occurrence of the 6 local singular points are 55ms, 99ms, 151ms, 247ms, 343ms and 496ms, respectively. According to the graph 5, the actual detonation moments of the detonators of the different sections are 44ms, 52ms, 96ms, 96ms and 153ms respectively.
As shown in fig. 7, the Hilbert transform module value of the principal component has 6 extreme points and generates blind shots, and it is determined that blind shots are generated and the number of the blind shots is 1; and secondly, judging the generation position of the blind shot, wherein the specific method comprises the steps of sequentially obtaining delay interval time of adjacent sections, as shown in table 1, judging that the blind shot grows at the position, namely the 6 th gun hole is not detonated, and generating the blind shot, wherein the detonation interval time of the fifth section is 153ms and is not corresponding to a designed theoretical value, but the interval time is within the sum of the theoretical interval time of the 5 th section and the theoretical interval time of the 6 th section (120 ms-430 ms). Therefore, whether the blind cannon occurs or not can be conveniently and quickly determined and the position of the blind cannon can be found through the blind cannon detection method and the blind cannon detection device.
Table 1 blasting network theory and actual delay table units: ms is
Claims (4)
1. The blind shot identification method based on the blasting vibration signal detection is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) establishing a hole-by-hole detonation type blasting network, arranging a blasting vibration tester at a position for recording blasting vibration signals, and recording original blasting vibration signals f (t);
(2) analyzing the original blasting vibration signal f (t) obtained in the step (1) by empirical mode decomposition to obtain an IMF component of the blasting vibration signal and obtain a principal component of the IMF component;
(3) performing Hilbert transformation on the principal component of the IMF component obtained in the step (2) to obtain an envelope function of the principal vibration component;
(4) analyzing the envelope function obtained in the step (3), wherein the number of each pole on the envelope function is the number of each actual initiation section of the blasting network, comparing the number with the number of theoretical sections, and if the number is equal, generating no blind shot; if the number is smaller than the theoretical segment number, generating blind shots;
(5) obtaining the actual detonation time of each section of explosive according to the envelope function obtained in the step (4), sequentially subtracting the detonation times of adjacent sections to obtain the actual detonation delay time of adjacent blast holes, and comparing the actual detonation delay time with the blasting design theory delay time to determine the position of the blind shot;
the specific steps of the step (2) are as follows:
(a) using cubic spline interpolation to form an upper envelope line and a lower envelope line of all local extreme points of an original blasting vibration signal f (t), wherein the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line comprise all data points of the signal;
(b) the average value of the upper envelope line and the lower envelope line obtained in the step (a) is recorded as m1(t) obtaining
(c) H is obtained in the step (b) for different blasting vibration signals f (t)1(t) is an IMF component or not, if h1(t) is an IMF component, denoted as c1(t)=h1(t); if h1(t) is not an IMF component, in which case h is obtained in step (b)1(t) repeating the steps (a) to (b) k times by using the signal as an original signal to obtain the k-th screening data h1k(t)：
h1k(t) is an IMF component, determined by calculating the standard deviation SD between two consecutive processing results:
when the SD value is 0.1-0.4, the first h is satisfied1k(t) is the first order, denoted c1(t)=h1k(t), then c1(t) is the first order IMF component of signal f (t);
(d) decomposing the first order IMF component c from step (b)1(t) removing the original blasting vibration signal f (t) to obtain a residual time sequence r1(t)：
(e) When r is1(t) is a monotonic function or only one pole exists, empirical mode decomposition is completed, and r is1(t) recording as residual, otherwise recording r obtained in step (d)1(t) repeating steps (a) - (d) as raw data to obtain other order components c of the signal1(t)~ ci(t)。
2. The blind shot identification method based on the blast vibration signal detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the blasting vibration tester is a TC-4850 blasting vibration tester.
3. The blind shot identification method based on the blast vibration signal detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: the SD value is 0.2-0.3.
4. The blind shot identification method based on the blast vibration signal detection according to claim 1, characterized in that: c. C2(t) or c3(t) or c4(t) is a principal component.
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| CN102997769A (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2013-03-27 | 江西理工大学 | Method for detecting and identifying blind shot for blasting chambers |
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