CN112608770A - 棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法 - Google Patents

棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法 Download PDF

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CN112608770A
CN112608770A CN202011349661.7A CN202011349661A CN112608770A CN 112608770 A CN112608770 A CN 112608770A CN 202011349661 A CN202011349661 A CN 202011349661A CN 112608770 A CN112608770 A CN 112608770A
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萧明尧
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    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
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    • C10J3/62—Processes with separate withdrawal of the distillation products
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    • C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
    • C10J3/60—Processes
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    • C10J3/66—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products by introducing them into the gasification zone
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    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
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    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/14—Features of low-temperature carbonising processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0906—Physical processes, e.g. shredding, comminuting, chopping, sorting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
    • C10J2300/0909—Drying
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0916—Biomass
    • C10J2300/092—Wood, cellulose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
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Abstract

本发明公开了棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法，釆用棕榈油挤压后的空果串废弃物为原料，通过250℃‑420℃干燥脱水的物理化学反应转化形成棕榈生物碳，然后将碳基质置于水煤气发生器，转化成水煤气燃料。本发明其制备方法简单，棕榈生物碳转化水煤气转化率高，得到的水煤气低污染、高热能。本发明为棕榈油加工废料的处理再利用提供一种新方法，并可作为生产水煤气的不可再生能源煤炭的有效替代物。

Description

棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法
技术领域
本发明属于水煤气制备技术领域，具体涉及一种棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法。
背景技术
生产棕榈油是一个重要的产业，在棕榈成熟后果实从茎上分离，留下空果串(EFB)成为一种废料。每年都会产生数以百万千万吨计的EFB。大部分EFB的处理都是燃烧后将灰当作植物的肥料，但是燃烧会带来很大的环境污染。由于各种原始的生物燃料不易用于长时间的储存且极易降解。它们相对较低的能量密度，所以长距离的运输也显得极不经济。虽然锅炉在热能利用率上取得一定的进展，但是总的能量利用率仍然很低。所以通过其他形式从生物质中获取能源，以提高能量的利用率，可满足长距离的能量供给和储备。
水煤气是水蒸气通过炽热的焦炭而生成的气体，主要成分是一氧化碳、氢气，燃烧后排放水和二氧化碳。传统方法中用无烟煤作为碳原料，生产的水煤气中有大量的二氧化硫、硫化氢气体，对生产环境和设备破坏很严重，同时煤炭作为不可再生能源，其开发利用有很大局限性。棕榈树空果串生物质碳具有可再生、低污染(含硫量低至0.033)、良好的燃烧效益等优点，在多个领域都有广泛应用，特别适合转化成水煤气。目前还没有利用棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的报道，棕榈产业废料棕榈树空果串的开发利用具有广阔的前景。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种充分利用棕榈油生产过程中产生的空果串废料，得到的水煤气产率和热值较高，生产过程清洁的棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法。
本发明棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法包括以下步骤：
1)棕榈树空果串隔火闷烧碳化
将棕榈树空果串在密闭环境中隔火闷烧碳化，得到碳基纤维；
2)碳基纤维前处理
将由步骤1)得到的碳基纤维粉碎得到碳基纤维粉末；
3)制备水煤气
将步骤2)中得到的碳基纤维粉末喂入煤气发生炉，进行水煤气反应，收集水煤气。
所述步骤1)中棕榈树空果串切成2mm-80mm颗粒状。
所述步骤1)中隔火闷烧温度250℃-420℃，90％以上碳基纤维碳化。
所述步骤2)中碳基纤维粉末粒径2mm-60mm。
所述步骤3)中煤气发生炉采用单/双段煤气发生炉或常压固定床煤气发生炉。
所述步骤3)中碳基纤维粉末喂入煤气发生炉前在150℃-200℃干燥1-6小时，然后在150℃预热1-2小时。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明采用棕榈油挤压后的空果串废弃物为原料，通过250℃-420℃干燥脱水后形成棕榈生物碳，然后将碳基质置于水煤气发生器，转化成水煤气燃料，其制备方法简单，棕榈生物碳转化水煤气转化率高。本发明制得的棕榈树空果串生物质碳含硫量低至0.033％，具有低污染、良好的燃烧效益、可再生等优点，特别适合转化成水煤气。本发明为棕榈油加工废料处理再利用提供一种新方法，并可作为生产水煤气的不可再生能源煤炭的有效替代法。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步详细说明，但本发明不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
一种棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法包括以下步骤：
1)棕榈树空果串隔火闷烧碳化
将50kg-5000kg棕榈树空果串切成2mm-80mm颗粒状，在250℃-420℃，密闭环境中隔火闷烧碳化20分钟-24小时，使用碳化深度测定仪进行检查，当达到90％碳基纤维碳化时停止加热，冷却后取出碳基纤维。
申请人对步骤1)中获得的碳基纤维送样进行检测(样品编号KI/2020/80435，检测单位：台湾检验科技有限公司)，结果如表1所示，其含硫量低至0.033％，无硫污染。
2)碳基纤维前处理
将步骤1)中得到的碳基纤维用球磨机或高速粉碎机粉碎成粒径2mm-60mm的碳基纤维粉末；
3)制备水煤气
将步骤)2中得到的碳基纤维粉末在150℃-200℃条件下干燥1-6小时，150℃预热1-2小时，喂入煤气发生炉中进行水煤气反应，收集水煤气。
煤气发生炉采用单/双段煤气发生炉或常压固定床煤气发生炉，喂料口直径80mm-160mm，按照煤气发生炉使用说明常规操作即可。
煤气发生炉内主要化学反应式见式1)～3)：
1)CO+C＝2CO
2)H2O+C＝H2+CO
3)2H2O+C＝CO2+2H2。
水煤气反应过程中可制气占65％-68％，其余为鼓风气。得到的水煤气各组分及含量如下表2所示，其热值10984千焦/米3。排出的鼓风气中含有的CO+H2约有10.92％左右，热值约为1530千焦/米3，此部分热量作为损失，水煤气的气化效率为62.3％，热效率为57％。
表1碳基纤维检测表
项目 单位 结果
湿度 wt％ 3.323
可燃物 wt％ 92.66
灰烬 wt％ 4.017
总热值 Kcal/Kg 5324
硫(S) wt％ 0.0330
备注：mg/kg＝ppm；0.1wt％＝1000ppm。
表2水煤气成分表
成分 CO<sub>2</sub> H<sub>2</sub>S O<sub>2</sub> CO H<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>4</sub> N<sub>2</sub>
含量％ 6.2 0.005 0.23 38.5 49.2 0.6 6.38
从表1和表2结果可知，本发明利用棕榈树空果串制得的生物质碳具有低污染(含硫量低至0.033％)、燃烧产生的热量高(5324Kcal/Kg)，使用该生物质碳所制得的水煤气H2S含量低至0.005％，CO+H2含量87.7％，具有低污染、水煤气气化效率和热效率高的优点。并且利用棕榈树空果串制得的生物质碳制备水煤气过程中使用市场现有煤气发生炉即可实现生产，无需对设备进行大规模改造，投入小，收益高，棕榈树空果串可作为传统生产水煤气煤炭的有效替代物进行推广、利用。本发明棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法具有良好的市场推广价值和社会效益。

Claims (6)

1.一种棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法，其特征是包括以下步骤：
1)棕榈树空果串隔火闷烧碳化
将棕榈树空果串在密闭环境中隔火闷烧碳化，得到碳基纤维；
2)碳基纤维前处理
将由步骤1)得到的碳基纤维粉碎得到碳基纤维粉末；
3)制备水煤气
将步骤2)中得到的碳基纤维粉末喂入煤气发生炉，进行水煤气反应，收集水煤气。
2.根据权利要求1所述的棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法，其特征是所述步骤1)中棕榈树空果串切成2mm-80mm颗粒状。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法，其特征是所述步骤1)中隔火闷烧温度250℃-420℃，90％以上碳基纤维碳化。
4.根据权利要求1所述的棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法，其特征是所述步骤2)中碳基纤维粉末粒径2mm-60mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法，其特征是所述步骤3)中煤气发生炉采用单/双段煤气发生炉或常压固定床煤气发生炉。
6.根据权利要求1所述的棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法，其特征是所述步骤3)中碳基纤维粉末喂入煤气发生炉前先150℃-200℃干燥1-6小时，然后150℃预热1-2小时。
CN202011349661.7A 2020-11-26 2020-11-26 棕榈树空果串制造水煤气的方法 Pending CN112608770A (zh)

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CN101920975A (zh) * 2010-02-10 2010-12-22 上海元宝能源技术有限公司 一种降低煤制合成氨综合能耗的方法
CN106190418A (zh) * 2014-11-21 2016-12-07 南文植 用于新可再生能源的燃料颗粒和制造其的方法

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