CN112605548B - Assembly welding method for box-type center sill of railway wagon - Google Patents
Assembly welding method for box-type center sill of railway wagon Download PDFInfo
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- CN112605548B CN112605548B CN202011605947.7A CN202011605947A CN112605548B CN 112605548 B CN112605548 B CN 112605548B CN 202011605947 A CN202011605947 A CN 202011605947A CN 112605548 B CN112605548 B CN 112605548B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K31/00—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K31/02—Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups relating to soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/0426—Fixtures for other work
- B23K37/0435—Clamps
- B23K37/0443—Jigs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/047—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps
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Abstract
A method for assembling and welding a box-type center sill of a railway wagon comprises the following steps of (1) splicing center sill webs; (2) splicing the middle beam lower cover plate; (3) splicing the upper cover plate of the middle beam; (4) assembling a middle beam; (5) fixing the middle beam; (6) assembling and fixing; (7) the integral deflection of the middle beam; (8) welding an outer side welding seam; (9) the upper core plate is fixed. After the steps, the qualified box-type center sill of the railway wagon is obtained. According to the invention, the splicing and the welding of the lower cover plate of the center sill are carried out in a clamping and fixing state, the assembly of the web plate of the center sill and the lower cover plate is carried out in a reverse assembly mode, the welding is carried out after the integral positioning and fixing of the center sill is carried out by the installation surface of the center plate, and finally, the sequence of the welding seams at the outer side of the center sill is adjusted according to the integral deformation condition after the welding at the inner side of the center sill, so that the problem of the greatest difficulty in the production of the fish-belly type variable-section box-type center sill is solved, the correction of machinery or flame is not needed after the assembly and welding, the integral structure size and the strength are ensured, the subsequent repair work is avoided, the production efficiency is improved, and the product cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rail wagon combined transportation, in particular to a middle beam assembling and welding method.
Background
With the development of railway freight cars, in order to meet the strength requirement of the car body and simultaneously improve the rigidity of the car body to the maximum extent, more and more railway freight flat cars adopt a fish-bellied variable-section box-type center sill assembly and welding structure, and a center sill web plate and a cover plate are formed by splicing steel plates with different thicknesses.
Because of the integral shape and plate thickness requirements of the fish belly type variable cross-section box-type center sill, the method of respectively blanking a web plate, an upper cover plate and a lower cover plate in a segmented mode, then splicing, assembling and welding and finally integrally assembling can be adopted at present.
The method comprises the following steps: (1) splicing, assembling and welding the web plate and the upper cover plate and the lower cover plate respectively; (2) marking and assembling the middle beam clapboard by taking the spliced middle beam lower cover plate as a reference; (3) assembling a middle beam web plate by taking a middle beam lower cover plate as a plane reference and taking a middle beam partition plate as a vertical reference; (4) after welding seams among the lower cover plate of the middle beam, the web plate of the middle beam and the clapboard of the middle beam, paving the spliced, assembled and welded upper cover plate to the upper plane of the middle beam; (5) and welding other welding seams between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the middle beam.
The existing assembly method has the following defects: (1) because the plate pieces of the middle beam are of non-flat plate butt joint structures with different thicknesses, the butt joint precision deviation and the welding deformation are large, and the quality requirements of flatness, straightness and the like of a middle beam web plate and a cover plate after splicing are difficult to guarantee; (2) because the splicing position of the lower cover plate of the middle beam has certain welding deformation, the assembly of the web plate of the middle beam is carried out by taking the side surface of the lower cover plate of the middle beam as a reference, so that the integral straightness deviation of the middle beam is easily caused, and meanwhile, the strong assembly of the lower cover plate of the middle beam from bottom to top is also inevitable in the process of adjusting the assembly gap between the lower cover plate of the middle beam and the web plate, so that the problems of large straightness deviation, large deflection deviation and the like of the middle beam can be caused; (3) due to the width and diagonal deviation of the blanking of the middle beam partition plate, the inner distance of a middle beam web plate and the vertical precision of the web plate after the middle beam web plate is assembled are caused to be different, and the problems of the width dimension of the middle beam, the integral inclination and the like are caused; (4) the box-type middle beam is extremely difficult to correct after being assembled and welded, and the increase of the correction amount easily causes no defect in the box-type middle beam, so that the integral strength of the middle beam is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the method for assembling and welding the box-type center sill of the railway wagon, which can improve the assembling precision of the box-type center sill, reduce the correction amount, ensure the integral structure size and strength, avoid subsequent repair work caused by disqualification, improve the production efficiency and reduce the product cost.
The invention provides a method for assembling and welding a middle beam of a fish-bellied variable-section box-type structure of a railway freight flat car, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of prefabricating a certain flexibility value during blanking of a middle beam web, splicing and welding a middle beam lower cover plate in a clamping and fixing state, assembling the middle beam web and the lower cover plate in a reverse assembling mode, welding after integrally positioning and fixing the middle beam by using a center plate mounting surface, adjusting the sequence of welding seams on the outer side of the middle beam according to the integrally-deformed condition of the welded inner side of the middle beam, and not needing mechanical or flame correction after assembly welding.
The invention discloses a method for assembling and welding box-type center girders of a railway wagon, which comprises the following steps of:
(1) the splicing middle beam web plate comprises: the first web plate, the second web plate, the third web plate and the fourth web plate are spliced into a middle beam web plate, and the traction beam part is horizontal during splicing;
(2) the spliced center sill lower cover plate comprises: the prefabricated process lengthening amount is carried out during blanking of the second lower cover plate and the third lower cover plate, the first lower cover plate, the second lower cover plate, the third lower cover plate and the fourth lower cover plate are spliced into a middle beam lower cover plate, and a middle beam lower cover plate splicing follow-up fixture is used for fixing and clamping two sides of a weld bead before butt welding;
(3) the spliced center sill upper cover plate comprises: the first upper cover plate, the second upper cover plate, the third upper cover plate and the fourth upper cover plate are spliced into a center sill upper cover plate;
(4) assembling the middle beam: aligning the longitudinal centers of two center beam webs and reversely positioning and clamping a process supporting plate, then assembling center beam partition plates and a core plate seat supporting plate by taking the center lines of the webs as the reference, fixing by spot welding, reversely assembling a lower cover plate by taking the outer side of the webs as the reference, then detecting and adjusting the levelness of a core plate mounting surface, and fixing the webs and the lower cover plate by spot welding after adjusting;
(5) fixing the middle beam: fixing the center sill by using a process pressing tool with the center plate mounting surface as a reference, and reversely and synchronously welding the welding seam on the inner side of the center sill in a symmetrical welding mode from the center to two ends;
(6) assembling and fixing: assembling a front slave plate, a rear slave plate, a rib plate, a top plate and a middle beam base plate, fixing by spot welding and welding;
(7) the integral deflection of the middle beam: the assembly pavement and symmetry adjustment of the upper cover plate of the middle beam are carried out by taking the web plate of the middle beam as a reference, and the integral deflection of the middle beam is adjusted through fine adjustment of the gap between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the web plate;
(8) welding an outer side welding seam: welding the outer side welding seams of the middle beam web plate from the center to two ends in a reverse synchronous mode, and welding the outer side welding seams of the middle beam web plate and the upper and lower cover plates of the middle beam according to the overall deflection condition of the middle beam after the upper cover plate of the middle beam is paved;
(9) fixing the upper center plate: assembling and riveting the upper core plate.
After the steps, the qualified box-type center sill of the railway wagon is obtained.
Preferably, in step (8), a: the flexibility of the current middle beam is larger than the requirement of final inspection, namely welding the welding seam between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate, and then welding the welding seam between the lower cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate; b: and if the current deflection ratio of the middle beam is less than the final requirement during the inspection, welding the welding seam between the lower cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate, and then welding the welding seam between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate.
Preferably, the follow-up type clamp for splicing the lower cover plate of the middle beam mainly comprises a bottom frame, a turnover baffle assembly and a jackscrew. Two sides of the bottom frame are provided with two turnover assemblies, and the bottom frame is provided with a jackscrew.
Preferably, the turnover stop assembly comprises a turnover bottom frame, a turnover frame, a pin shaft and a pressure head. The turnover bottom frame is connected with the turnover frame through a pin shaft, and a pressure head is arranged on the turnover frame.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the assembly and welding device has the advantages that the bending value is prefabricated during blanking of the middle beam web, the splicing and welding of the lower cover plate of the middle beam are carried out in a clamping and fixing state, the middle beam web and the lower cover plate are assembled in a reverse assembly mode, the welding is carried out after the whole positioning and fixing of the middle beam is carried out by the core plate installation surface, finally, the welding line sequence of the outer side of the middle beam is adjusted according to the whole deformation condition after the inner side of the middle beam is welded, the problem of the greatest difficulty in production of the fish belly type variable cross section box-shaped middle beam is solved, the correction of machinery or flame is not needed after assembly and welding, the overall structure size and the strength of the middle beam are guaranteed, the follow-up repair work caused by disqualification is avoided, the production efficiency is improved, and the product cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of a fish belly type variable cross-section box type structural center sill;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a fish belly type variable cross-section box type structural center sill;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a center sill web assembly;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the docking station of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the upper cover plate assembly of the center sill;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the docking station of FIG. 5;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a center sill lower cover plate assembly;
FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the docked position of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a follow-up jig for splicing the lower cover plate of the center sill;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the center sill in an assembled state;
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional schematic view of FIG. 10;
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of the welding and fastening of the center sill;
FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional schematic view of FIG. 12;
FIG. 14 is a side schematic view of FIG. 9;
in the figure: 1-top plate, 2-front plate, 3-rear plate, 4-rib plate, 5-center beam base plate, 6-upper center plate, 7-center plate base supporting plate, 8-center beam web plate, 9-center beam clapboard, 10-center beam upper cover plate, 11-center beam lower cover plate, 12-first web plate, 13-second web plate, 14-third web plate, 15-fourth web plate, 16-first lower cover plate, 17-second lower cover plate, 18-third lower cover plate, 19, fourth lower cover plate, 20-first upper cover plate, 21-second upper cover plate, 22-third upper cover plate, 23-fourth upper cover plate, 24-center beam lower cover plate splicing follow-up clamp, 25-process supporting plate, 26-process press, 27-pin shaft, 28-press head, 29-jackscrew, 30-overturning bottom frame and 31-overturning frame.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described by taking the manufacturing of the middle beam of the new zealand 60ft container flat car as an example, but not limiting the invention.
New Zealand 60ft container flatcar center sill: the length is 18560mm, the width of the inner cavity of the center sill is 350-500 mm, the height of the section of the middle part of the center sill is 658mm, the height of the traction beam at the upper center plate is 268mm, and the height of the end part of the traction beam is 318 mm. Meanwhile, the upper cover plate of the middle beam is formed by splicing an upper cover plate at the end part with the thickness of 14mm and an upper cover plate at the middle part with the thickness of 25 mm; the middle beam lower cover plate is formed by splicing an end lower cover plate with the thickness of 20mm and a middle lower cover plate with the thickness of 25 mm; the middle beam web plate is formed by splicing an end web plate with the thickness of 16mm and a middle web plate with the thickness of 10 mm. The distance between the inner sides of the webs at the traction beam is 350mm, and the distance between the inner sides of the webs in the middle of the middle beam is 500 mm. The center beam plate assembly is composed of two top plates 1, four front slave plates 2, four rear slave plates 3, eight rib plates 4, four center beam base plates 5, two upper center plates 6, four center plate base supporting plates 7, two center beam web plates 8, twelve center beam partition plates 9, a center beam upper cover plate 10 and a center beam lower cover plate 11.
The technical requirements are as follows: the length of the middle beam is 18560 +/-5 mm, the deflection of the middle beam is 4-10 mm, the traction beam upwarps 1-3 mm, the total length of the lateral bending of the middle beam is not more than 8mm, each meter is not more than 3mm, the head of the traction beam is not more than 3mm, and the transverse clearance of the center plate is not more than 0.5 mm.
The middle beam of the new zealand 60ft container flat car can be assembled by the following method:
the method for assembling and welding the box-type center sill of the railway wagon comprises the following steps:
(1) the splicing middle beam web plate comprises: the second web plate 13 and the third web plate 14 are prefabricated with deflection and process lengthening amount during blanking, the first web plate 12, the second web plate 13, the third web plate 14 and the fourth web plate 15 are spliced into a middle beam web plate, and the traction beam part is horizontal during splicing;
(2) the spliced center sill lower cover plate comprises: the second lower cover plate 17 and the third lower cover plate 18 are subjected to prefabrication process lengthening during blanking, the first lower cover plate 16, the second lower cover plate 17, the third lower cover plate 18 and the fourth lower cover plate 19 are spliced into a middle beam lower cover plate assembly 11, and the middle beam lower cover plate splicing following clamp 24 is used for fixing and clamping two sides of a weld bead before butt welding;
(3) the splicing center sill upper cover plate is 10: the first upper cover plate 20, the second upper cover plate 21, the third upper cover plate 22 and the fourth upper cover plate 23 are spliced into a center sill upper cover plate;
(4) assembling the middle beam: aligning the longitudinal centers of two center beam web plates 8 and reversely positioning and clamping a process supporting plate 25, then carrying out assembly of a center beam partition plate 9 and a core plate seat supporting plate 7 by taking the center line of the web plates as a reference, fixing by spot welding, carrying out reverse assembly of a lower cover plate by taking the outer side of the web plates as a reference, then carrying out levelness detection and adjustment on the core plate mounting surface, and carrying out spot welding fixing on the web plates and the lower cover plate after adjustment;
(5) fixing the middle beam: fixing the center sill by using a process pressing tool 26 with the center plate mounting surface as a reference, and reversely and synchronously welding the welding seams on the inner side of the center sill in a symmetrical welding mode from the center to two ends;
(6) assembling and fixing: assembling a front slave plate 2, a rear slave plate 3, a rib plate 4, a top plate 1 and a middle beam base plate 5, fixing by spot welding, and then welding;
(7) the integral deflection of the middle beam: paving 10 the middle beam upper cover plate assembly and adjusting the symmetry degree by taking the middle beam web as a reference, and adjusting the integral deflection of the middle beam by finely adjusting the gap between the middle beam upper cover plate and the web;
(8) welding an outer side welding seam: welding the outer side welding seams of the middle beam web plate from the center to two ends in a reverse synchronous mode, and welding the outer side welding seams of the middle beam web plate and the upper and lower cover plates of the middle beam according to the overall deflection condition of the middle beam after the upper cover plate of the middle beam is paved; the flexibility of the current middle beam is larger than the requirement of final inspection, namely welding the welding seam between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate, and then welding the welding seam between the lower cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate; when the deflection of the current middle beam is less than the requirement in final inspection, welding the welding seam between the lower cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate, and then welding the welding seam between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate;
(9) fixing the upper center plate: the upper core plate 6 is assembled and riveted.
After the steps, the qualified box-type center sill of the railway wagon is obtained.
The follow-up fixture for splicing the lower cover plate of the middle beam in the step (2) comprises a bottom frame, a turnover stop assembly and a jackscrew. Two turnover assemblies 26 are provided on both sides of the bottom frame 25, on which a jack screw 29 is provided.
The turnover device comprises a turnover bottom frame, a turnover frame, a pin shaft and a pressure head. The turnover underframe 30 is connected with the turnover frame 31 through a pin shaft 27, and a pressure head is arranged on the turnover frame.
Claims (4)
1. A method for assembling and welding box-type center sills of a railway wagon is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: (1) the splicing middle beam web plate comprises: the first web plate, the second web plate, the third web plate and the fourth web plate are spliced into a middle beam web plate, and the traction beam part is horizontal during splicing; (2) the spliced center sill lower cover plate comprises: the prefabricated process lengthening amount is carried out during blanking of the second lower cover plate and the third lower cover plate, the first lower cover plate, the second lower cover plate, the third lower cover plate and the fourth lower cover plate are spliced into a middle beam lower cover plate, and a middle beam lower cover plate splicing follow-up fixture is used for fixing and clamping two sides of a weld bead before butt welding; (3) the spliced center sill upper cover plate comprises: the first upper cover plate, the second upper cover plate, the third upper cover plate and the fourth upper cover plate are spliced into a center sill upper cover plate; (4) assembling the middle beam: aligning the longitudinal centers of two center beam webs and reversely positioning and clamping a process supporting plate, then assembling center beam partition plates and a core plate seat supporting plate by taking the center lines of the webs as the reference, fixing by spot welding, reversely assembling a lower cover plate by taking the outer side of the webs as the reference, then detecting and adjusting the levelness of a core plate mounting surface, and fixing the webs and the lower cover plate by spot welding after adjusting; (5) fixing the middle beam: fixing the center sill by using a process pressing tool with the center plate mounting surface as a reference, and reversely and synchronously welding the welding seam on the inner side of the center sill in a symmetrical welding mode from the center to two ends; (6) assembling and fixing: assembling a front slave plate, a rear slave plate, a rib plate, a top plate and a middle beam base plate, fixing by spot welding and welding; (7) the integral deflection of the middle beam: the assembly pavement and symmetry adjustment of the upper cover plate of the middle beam are carried out by taking the web plate of the middle beam as a reference, and the integral deflection of the middle beam is adjusted through fine adjustment of the gap between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the web plate; (8) welding an outer side welding seam: welding the outer side welding seams of the middle beam web plate from the center to two ends in a reverse synchronous mode, and welding the outer side welding seams of the middle beam web plate and the upper and lower cover plates of the middle beam according to the overall deflection condition of the middle beam after the upper cover plate of the middle beam is paved; (9) fixing the upper center plate: assembling and riveting the upper center plate; after the steps, the qualified box-type center sill of the railway wagon is obtained.
2. The assembly welding method for the box-type center sill of a railway wagon as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step (8), A: the front middle beam has larger deflection than the requirement in final inspection, namely welding the welding seam between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate, and then welding the welding seam between the lower cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate; b: and if the front middle beam deflection is less than the requirement in final inspection, welding the welding seam between the lower cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate, and then welding the welding seam between the upper cover plate of the middle beam and the outer side of the web plate.
3. The assembly welding method for the box-type center sill of a railway wagon as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the follow-up fixture for splicing the center sill lower cover plate in the step (2) comprises a bottom frame, turning-over block assemblies and a top screw, wherein two turning-over assemblies are arranged on two sides of the bottom frame, and the top screw is arranged on the bottom frame.
4. The assembly welding method for the box-type center sill of a railway wagon as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the turnover device comprises a turnover bottom frame, a turnover frame, a pin shaft and a pressure head, wherein the turnover bottom frame is connected with the turnover frame through the pin shaft, and the pressure head is arranged on the turnover frame.
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| CN202011605947.7A CN112605548B (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Assembly welding method for box-type center sill of railway wagon |
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| CN202011605947.7A CN112605548B (en) | 2020-12-30 | 2020-12-30 | Assembly welding method for box-type center sill of railway wagon |
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| CN114012309B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2024-02-13 | 中车长江车辆有限公司 | Assembling method of transportation frame |
| CN114654173A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-06-24 | 山东莱钢磁浮列车轨道工程有限公司 | Side-lying assembling method for main beam of movable formwork of bridge girder erection machine |
| CN115070245B (en) * | 2022-06-23 | 2024-05-24 | 中铁山桥集团有限公司 | Manufacturing method of UHPC steel box composite beam |
| CN115505722B (en) * | 2022-09-27 | 2024-07-23 | 中车长江车辆有限公司 | Box girder adjusting and straightening method |
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| SU939174A1 (en) * | 1980-04-16 | 1982-06-30 | Предприятие П/Я Г-4639 | Production line for assembling and welding metalworks |
| GB8628151D0 (en) * | 1986-11-25 | 1986-12-31 | Tri Trading Ltd | Beams |
| CN101456420B (en) * | 2008-12-29 | 2010-08-18 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | Box shaped central sill assembling method for railway vehicle splicing |
| CN102079315B (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2012-05-02 | 南车二七车辆有限公司 | Flat wagon center sill |
| CN103203556B (en) * | 2013-04-03 | 2015-04-15 | 齐齐哈尔鑫拓金属铆焊有限责任公司 | Technology for assembling and welding upper center pans and lower cover plates of center frame of railway van truck |
| CN104227257B (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-03-09 | 南车长江车辆有限公司 | For the assembly welding method that the distortion of railway freight-car slab assembly welding box-structure centre sill controls |
| CN106514028B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2019-02-12 | 中车北京二七车辆有限公司 | A kind of welding method of Bridge Erector five-axle steering frame welded frame side frame |
| RU2710119C2 (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2019-12-24 | РЕЙЛ 1520 АйПи ЛТД | Universal system of removable cargo modules transportation (embodiments) |
| CN111704051A (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2020-09-25 | 兴平西铁养路机械有限公司 | Crane cantilever structure and assembling process thereof |
| CN111702481A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2020-09-25 | 中车长江车辆有限公司 | Traction beam assembling device and method |
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