CN112605519B - Explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction - Google Patents
Explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112605519B CN112605519B CN202011505552.XA CN202011505552A CN112605519B CN 112605519 B CN112605519 B CN 112605519B CN 202011505552 A CN202011505552 A CN 202011505552A CN 112605519 B CN112605519 B CN 112605519B
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- welding
- plate
- water
- aluminum
- aluminum wire
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction, and belongs to the technical field of welding. Injecting water into the reaction cavity to ensure that the aluminum wire is immersed in water, adjusting the distance between the target plate and the welding flyer by adjusting the thickness of the gasket, adjusting the welding temperature and the explosion thrust by selecting the aluminum wire with proper diameter, and changing the shape of the nozzle to adapt to the shape of the welding seam; and (3) supplying large current to the aluminum wire, so that water and the aluminum wire are subjected to chemical reaction to form steam shock waves, and the welding flying plate is pushed to locally deform and collide with the target plate at a high speed to form reliable welding. The invention has the advantages of effectively welding two metals with different melting points, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and relates to an explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction.
Background
The welding of aluminum alloy and iron alloy has been a technical problem in the welding field, and because the crystal structure, physical property and chemical property of aluminum and steel are greatly different, and the solid solubility between the aluminum and steel is low, brittle intermetallic compounds are easily generated at the interface during welding, so that the joint performance is poor. Meanwhile, the traditional arc welding method is not suitable for welding materials with large melting point differences. Currently, there are pressure welding, brazing, fusion welding and composite welding in three ways, and only a few of the above methods can solve the problem of welding aluminum alloy and steel plates. Therefore, the invention is of great significance for improving the welding efficiency and welding quality of aluminum alloy and steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems existing in the prior art and provide an explosion welding method based on the reaction of aluminum and water, and the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to enable two metal plates with different melting points to be welded efficiently.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme: the explosion welding method based on the aluminum and water reaction is characterized in that the welding method is realized through a welding device, the welding device comprises a welding installation structure and an explosion reaction structure, the welding installation structure comprises an upper fixing plate, a target plate, a cushion block and a welding flying plate, the target plate is positioned between the upper fixing plate and the cushion block, the explosion reaction structure comprises a base, an upper plate, a high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage capacitor and a discharge switch, a reaction cavity is formed between the base and the upper plate, a nozzle is arranged on the upper plate, an aluminum wire is detachably connected to the base, liquid water is stored in the reaction cavity, the aluminum wire, the high-voltage power supply, the high-voltage capacitor and the discharge switch are connected in series to form a circuit, the welding flying plate is positioned between the nozzle and the cushion block, and the middle part of the cushion block is provided with an avoidance space; the base is provided with a water injection hole;
the welding method comprises the following steps: injecting water into the reaction cavity to ensure that the aluminum wire is immersed in water, adjusting the distance between the target plate and the welding flyer by adjusting the thickness of the gasket, adjusting the welding temperature and the explosion thrust by selecting the aluminum wire with proper diameter, and changing the shape of the nozzle to adapt to the shape of the welding seam; and (3) supplying large current to the aluminum wire, so that water and the aluminum wire are subjected to chemical reaction to form steam shock waves, and the welding flying plate is pushed to locally deform and collide with the target plate at a high speed to form reliable welding.
Further, the aluminum wire is detachably connected to the base through two insulating mounting sleeves, and each insulating mounting sleeve comprises a conical locking tube and a sleeve sleeved on the aluminum wire.
Further, the target plate is a thin plate made of steel or iron alloy material, and the welding flyer plate is aluminum or aluminum alloy plate.
Further, a sealing gasket is arranged between the base and the upper plate.
The upper fixing plate is made of a metal material with higher hardness, and is fixedly connected with the base when in operation, and the freedom degree of up-and-down movement is restrained. The target plate, the backing plate and the welding flyer are placed in sequence, the height of the backing plate determines the running distance of the welding flyer, and the height can be adjusted correspondingly according to the process requirements.
The upper plate, the sealing gasket, the insulating mounting sleeve and the reaction cavity are formed into a whole, and the upper and lower degrees of freedom are also restrained.
Before welding, water is injected into the reaction cavity through the water injection hole, the aluminum wire is fixed, and the diameter of the aluminum wire is adjusted according to the requirement of the welding process.
In the welding process, the high-voltage switch is closed to discharge the capacitor, current flows through the aluminum wire, and a large pulse current flows through the aluminum wire to heat the aluminum wire and chemically react with water. And huge heat is generated in the reaction cavity to enable water to be gasified, high-temperature mixed gas is formed by matching with hydrogen and the like formed in the reaction process, and the high-temperature mixed gas is sprayed out from the nozzle to drive the welding flying plate to locally deform and move and collide with the target plate, so that the welding process is completed. In the welding process, liquid water and aluminum wires are consumables, and the next welding needs to be replaced.
The invention partially solves the problem that the welding is difficult due to the difference of the melting points of two sheet materials in the traditional fusion welding process. Compared with electromagnetic pulse welding, the welding method has lower energy consumption, and can be applied to welding of dissimilar or same plate pieces such as copper, silver, lithium, steel and the like besides aluminum-iron welding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the explosion welding apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the deformation of the welded fly plate during explosive welding.
In the figure, 11, upper fixing plate; 12. a target plate; 13. a cushion block; 14. welding a fly plate; 21. a base; 22. an upper plate; 23. a high voltage power supply; 24. a high voltage capacitor; 25. a discharge switch; 26. a reaction chamber; 27. a spout; 28. a sealing gasket; 31. an aluminum wire; 32. a locking tube; 33. and (5) covering.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and the technical solutions of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the welding method is implemented by a welding device, the welding device comprises a welding installation structure and an explosion reaction structure, the welding installation structure comprises an upper fixed plate 11, a target plate 12, a cushion block 13 and a welding fly plate 14, the target plate 12 is positioned between the upper fixed plate 11 and the cushion block 13, the explosion reaction structure comprises a base 21, an upper plate 22, a high-voltage power supply 23, a high-voltage capacitor 24 and a discharge switch 25, a reaction cavity 26 is formed between the base 21 and the upper plate 22, a nozzle 27 is arranged on the upper plate 22, an aluminum wire 31 is detachably connected on the base 21, liquid water is stored in the reaction cavity 26, the aluminum wire 31, the high-voltage power supply 23, the high-voltage capacitor 24 and the discharge switch 25 are connected in series to form an electric loop, the welding fly plate 14 is positioned between the nozzle 27 and the cushion block, and the middle part of the cushion block has an avoidance space; the base 21 is provided with a water injection hole;
the welding method comprises the following steps: water is injected into the reaction cavity 26, so that the aluminum wire 31 is immersed in water, the distance between the target plate 12 and the welding flyer 14 is adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the gasket, the welding temperature and the explosion thrust are adjusted by selecting the aluminum wire 31 with proper diameter, and the shape of the nozzle 27 is changed to adapt to the shape of the welding seam; and high current is supplied to the aluminum wire, so that water and the aluminum wire 31 are subjected to chemical reaction to form steam shock waves, and the welding flyer 14 is pushed to locally deform and collide with the target plate 12 at a high speed, so that reliable welding is formed.
The aluminum wire 31 is detachably connected to the base 21 through two insulating mounting sleeves, and the insulating mounting sleeves comprise a conical locking tube 32 and a sheath 33 sleeved on the aluminum wire 31.
The target plate 12 is a thin plate of steel or iron alloy material, and the welding fly plate 14 is aluminum or aluminum alloy plate.
A sealing gasket 28 is provided between the base 21 and the upper plate 22.
The upper fixing plate 11 is made of a metal material with higher hardness, and is fixedly connected with the base 21 during operation, so that the freedom of up-and-down movement is restrained. The target plate 12, the backing plate and the welding flyer plate 14 are placed in sequence, the height of the backing plate determines the running distance of the welding flyer plate 14, and the height can be correspondingly adjusted according to the process requirements.
The upper plate 22, the sealing gasket 28, the insulating mounting sleeve and the reaction chamber 26 are formed as a single body, and the degrees of freedom in the up and down directions are also restricted.
Before welding, water is injected into the reaction cavity 26 through the water injection hole, the aluminum wire 31 is fixed, and the diameter of the aluminum wire 31 is adjusted according to the requirement of the welding process.
In the welding process, the high-voltage switch is closed to discharge the capacitor, current flows through the aluminum wire 31, and a large pulse current flows through the aluminum wire 31 to heat the aluminum wire 31 and chemically react with water. The reaction chamber 26 generates huge heat to enable water to be gasified, and the high-temperature mixed gas is formed by matching with hydrogen and the like formed in the reaction process, and is sprayed out from the spray nozzle 27 to drive the welding flyer 14 to locally deform and move and collide with the target plate 12, so that the welding process is completed. The liquid water and aluminum wire 31 are consumables during the welding process and need to be replaced again before the next welding.
The invention partially solves the problem that the welding is difficult due to the difference of the melting points of two sheet materials in the traditional fusion welding process. Compared with electromagnetic pulse welding, the welding method has lower energy consumption, and can be applied to welding of dissimilar or same plate pieces such as copper, silver, lithium, steel and the like besides aluminum-iron welding.
The specific embodiments described herein are offered by way of example only to illustrate the spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art may make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or substitutions thereof without departing from the spirit of the invention or exceeding the scope of the invention as defined in the accompanying claims.
Claims (4)
1. The explosion welding method based on the aluminum and water reaction is characterized in that the welding method is realized through a welding device, the welding device comprises a welding installation structure and an explosion reaction structure, the welding installation structure comprises an upper fixed plate (11), a target plate (12), a cushion block (13) and a welding flyer (14), the target plate (12) is positioned between the upper fixed plate (11) and the cushion block (13), the explosion reaction structure comprises a base (21), an upper plate (22), a high-voltage power supply (23), a high-voltage capacitor (24) and a discharge switch (25), a reaction cavity (26) is formed between the base (21) and the upper plate (22), a spout (27) is formed on the upper plate (22), an aluminum wire (31) is detachably connected to the base (21), liquid water is stored in the reaction cavity (26), the aluminum wire (31), the high-voltage power supply (23), the high-voltage capacitor (24) and the discharge switch (25) are connected in series to form an electric circuit, and the welding flyer (14) is positioned between the spout (27) and the cushion block (13) and has an avoidance space; the base (21) is provided with a water injection hole;
the welding method comprises the following steps: injecting water into the reaction cavity (26), ensuring that the aluminum wire (31) is immersed in water, adjusting the distance between the target plate (12) and the welding flyer (14) by adjusting the thickness of the cushion block (13), adjusting the welding temperature and explosion thrust by selecting the aluminum wire (31) with proper diameter, and changing the shape of the nozzle (27) to adapt to the shape of the welding seam; and (3) supplying large current to the aluminum wire, so that water and the aluminum wire (31) are subjected to chemical reaction to form steam shock waves, and the welding flying plate (14) is pushed to locally deform and collide with the target plate (12) at a high speed to form reliable welding.
2. An explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that the aluminum wire (31) is detachably connected to the base (21) by two insulating mounting sleeves, the insulating mounting sleeves comprise cone-shaped locking tubes (32) and a sheath (33) sleeved on the aluminum wire (31).
3. The explosion welding method based on the reaction of aluminum and water according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the target plate (12) is a thin plate of steel or iron alloy material, and the welding fly plate (14) is aluminum or aluminum alloy plate.
4. An explosion welding method based on aluminium and water reaction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a sealing gasket (28) is arranged between the base (21) and the upper plate (22).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011505552.XA CN112605519B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011505552.XA CN112605519B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112605519A CN112605519A (en) | 2021-04-06 |
| CN112605519B true CN112605519B (en) | 2024-03-05 |
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| CN202011505552.XA Active CN112605519B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction |
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| CN113458234B (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2022-04-26 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for forming workpiece by utilizing metal foil electrified explosion shock wave |
| CN115971712B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-08-18 | 华中科技大学 | High-speed impact welding method for metal |
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| US5712442A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1998-01-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for launching projectiles with hydrogen gas |
| JP2002261104A (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Semiconductor device and electronic equipment |
| CN101152684A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-02 | 洛阳双瑞金属复合材料有限公司 | Explosion welding method for composite material of aluminum-steel |
| CN205996379U (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-03-08 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | Ply-metal explosive forming equipment |
| CN108457264A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-08-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of roller-compactor and ramming method |
| CN108571286A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-25 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of pile foundation boring device and method |
| CN108955433A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-07 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Fuse explosion breaking concrete system and breaking method |
| CN111822313A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-27 | 北京理工大学 | Underwater sound source and shock wave source based on metal wire array electric explosion |
-
2020
- 2020-12-18 CN CN202011505552.XA patent/CN112605519B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5712442A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1998-01-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for launching projectiles with hydrogen gas |
| JP2002261104A (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Semiconductor device and electronic equipment |
| CN101152684A (en) * | 2006-09-27 | 2008-04-02 | 洛阳双瑞金属复合材料有限公司 | Explosion welding method for composite material of aluminum-steel |
| CN205996379U (en) * | 2016-09-13 | 2017-03-08 | 四川建筑职业技术学院 | Ply-metal explosive forming equipment |
| CN108457264A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-08-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of roller-compactor and ramming method |
| CN108571286A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-25 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of pile foundation boring device and method |
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