CN112605519A - Explosive welding method based on aluminum and water reaction - Google Patents
Explosive welding method based on aluminum and water reaction Download PDFInfo
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- CN112605519A CN112605519A CN202011505552.XA CN202011505552A CN112605519A CN 112605519 A CN112605519 A CN 112605519A CN 202011505552 A CN202011505552 A CN 202011505552A CN 112605519 A CN112605519 A CN 112605519A
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- welding
- plate
- water
- aluminum wire
- reaction
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum iron Chemical compound [Al].[Fe] CYUOWZRAOZFACA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/06—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy
- B23K20/08—Explosive welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides an explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction, and belongs to the technical field of welding. Injecting water into the reaction cavity to ensure that the aluminum wire is immersed in the water, adjusting the distance between the target plate and the welding flying plate by adjusting the thickness of the gasket, adjusting the welding temperature and the explosion thrust by selecting the aluminum wire with proper diameter, and changing the shape of the nozzle to adapt to the shape of the welding line; and (3) passing a large current through the aluminum wire, so that water and the aluminum wire are subjected to chemical reaction to form water vapor shock waves, and the welding flying plate is pushed to be locally deformed and collide with the target plate at a high speed to form reliable welding. The invention has the advantages of effectively welding two metals with different melting points and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and relates to an explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction.
Background
The welding of aluminum alloy and iron alloy is always a technical problem in the welding field, and because the crystal structures, physical properties and chemical properties of aluminum and steel are greatly different and the solid solubility between the aluminum and the steel is low, brittle intermetallic compounds are easily generated at the interface during welding, so that the joint performance is poor. Meanwhile, the traditional arc welding method is not suitable for welding materials with large difference of melting points. At present, the common methods comprise pressure welding, brazing and fusion welding and composite welding of the three modes, and only a few welding methods in the methods can partially solve the problem of welding of aluminum alloy and steel plates. Therefore, the simple high-speed controllable welding method has important significance for improving the welding efficiency and the welding quality of the aluminum alloy and the steel.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an explosion welding method based on the reaction of aluminum and water aiming at the problems in the prior art, and the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to weld two metal plates with different melting points efficiently.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme: an explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction is characterized in that the welding method is realized through a welding device, the welding device comprises a welding installation structure and an explosion reaction structure, the welding installation structure comprises an upper fixed plate, a target plate, a cushion block and a welding flying plate, the target plate is positioned between the upper fixed plate and the cushion block, the explosion reaction structure comprises a base, an upper plate, a high-voltage power supply, a high-voltage capacitor and a discharge switch, a reaction cavity is formed between the base and the upper plate, a nozzle is arranged on the upper plate, an aluminum wire is detachably connected onto the base, liquid water is stored in the reaction cavity, the aluminum wire, the high-voltage power supply, the high-voltage capacitor and the discharge switch are connected in series to form an electric circuit, the welding flying plate is positioned between the nozzle and the cushion block, and an avoiding space is arranged in the middle of the cushion block; the base is provided with a water injection hole;
the welding method comprises the following steps: injecting water into the reaction cavity to ensure that the aluminum wire is immersed in the water, adjusting the distance between the target plate and the welding flying plate by adjusting the thickness of the gasket, adjusting the welding temperature and the explosion thrust by selecting the aluminum wire with proper diameter, and changing the shape of the nozzle to adapt to the shape of the welding line; and (3) passing a large current through the aluminum wire, so that water and the aluminum wire are subjected to chemical reaction to form water vapor shock waves, and the welding flying plate is pushed to be locally deformed and collide with the target plate at a high speed to form reliable welding.
Furthermore, the aluminum wire is detachably connected to the base through two insulating mounting sleeves, and each insulating mounting sleeve comprises a conical locking pipe and a sheath sleeved on the aluminum wire.
Further, the target plate is a thin plate made of steel or iron alloy materials, and the welding fly plate is an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate.
Further, a sealing gasket is arranged between the base and the upper plate.
Wherein the upper fixing plate adopts the metal material that hardness is higher, during operation and base fixed connection, and the degree of freedom of up-and-down motion is retrained. The target plate, the backing plate and the welding flying plate are sequentially arranged, the height of the backing plate determines the running distance of the welding flying plate, and the height can be correspondingly adjusted according to the process requirements.
The upper plate, the sealing washer, the insulating mounting sleeve and the reaction cavity form a whole, and the upper freedom degree and the lower freedom degree are also restrained.
And before welding, water is injected into the reaction cavity through the water injection hole, the aluminum wire is fixed, and the diameter of the aluminum wire is adjusted according to the requirement of the welding process.
In the welding process, the high-voltage switch is closed, so that the capacitor discharges, current flows through the aluminum wire, and the aluminum wire is heated and chemically reacts with water through large pulse current in the aluminum wire. Huge heat is generated in the reaction cavity to enable water to be gasified, high-temperature mixed gas is formed by matching hydrogen and the like formed in the reaction process, the high-temperature mixed gas is sprayed out from the nozzle to drive the welding flying plate to locally deform and move, and the welding flying plate collides with a target plate to complete the welding process. Liquid water and aluminum wires are consumables in the welding process, and need to be replaced again before the next welding.
The invention partially solves the problem that the welding is difficult because the melting points of two thin plate materials are different in the traditional melting welding process. Compared with electromagnetic pulse welding, the welding method has lower energy consumption, and can be applied to welding of different or same plates such as copper, silver, lithium, steel and the like besides aluminum-iron welding.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the explosive welding apparatus.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the deformation of a welded flying plate during explosive welding.
In the figure, 11, an upper fixing plate; 12. a target plate; 13. cushion blocks; 14. welding a flying plate; 21. a base; 22. an upper plate; 23. a high voltage power supply; 24. a high-voltage capacitor; 25. a discharge switch; 26. a reaction chamber; 27. a spout; 28. a sealing gasket; 31. an aluminum wire; 32. a locking tube; 33. and (5) sheathing.
Detailed Description
The following are specific embodiments of the present invention and are further described with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the welding method is implemented by a welding device, the welding device includes a welding installation structure and an explosion reaction structure, the welding installation structure includes an upper fixing plate 11, a target plate 12, a cushion block 13 and a welding flying plate 14, the target plate 12 is located between the upper fixing plate 11 and the cushion block 13, the explosion reaction structure includes a base 21, an upper plate 22, a high voltage power supply 23, a high voltage capacitor 24 and a discharge switch 25, a reaction cavity 26 is formed between the base 21 and the upper plate 22, the upper plate 22 has a nozzle 27, the base 21 is detachably connected with an aluminum wire 31, the reaction cavity 26 stores liquid water, the aluminum wire 31, the high voltage power supply 23, the high voltage capacitor 24 and the discharge switch 25 are connected in series to form an electric circuit, the welding flying plate 14 is located between the nozzle 27 and a gasket, and the middle part of the gasket has an; the base 21 is provided with a water injection hole;
the welding method comprises the following steps: injecting water into the reaction cavity 26 to ensure that the aluminum wire 31 is immersed in the water, adjusting the distance between the target plate 12 and the welding flying plate 14 by adjusting the thickness of the gasket, and changing the shape of the nozzle 27 to adapt to the shape of the welding seam by selecting the aluminum wire 31 with a proper diameter to adjust the welding temperature and the explosive thrust; the aluminum wire is electrified with large current, so that water and the aluminum wire 31 are subjected to chemical reaction to form water vapor shock waves, the welding flying plate 14 is pushed to be locally deformed and collide with the target plate 12 at high speed, and reliable welding is formed.
The aluminum wire 31 is detachably connected to the base 21 through two insulating mounting sleeves, and each insulating mounting sleeve comprises a conical locking pipe 32 and a sheath 33 sleeved on the aluminum wire 31.
The target plate 12 is a thin plate of steel or iron alloy material and the welding fly plate 14 is an aluminum or aluminum alloy plate.
A sealing gasket 28 is provided between the base 21 and the upper plate 22.
Wherein the upper fixing plate 11 is made of metal material with higher hardness, and is fixedly connected with the base 21 during working, and the freedom degree of the up-and-down motion is restricted. The target plate 12, the backing plate and the welding fly plate 14 are sequentially arranged, the height of the backing plate determines the running distance of the welding fly plate 14, and the height can be adjusted correspondingly according to the process requirements.
The upper plate 22, sealing gasket 28, insulating mounting sleeve and reaction chamber 26 are formed as a single unit, and the degrees of freedom in the up and down directions are also constrained.
Before welding, water is injected into the reaction cavity 26 through the water injection hole, the aluminum wire 31 is fixed, and the diameter of the aluminum wire 31 is adjusted according to the requirement of the welding process.
In the welding process, the high-voltage switch is closed, so that the capacitor is discharged, current flows through the aluminum wire 31, and the aluminum wire 31 is heated and chemically reacts with water through large pulse current in the aluminum wire 31. Huge heat is generated in the reaction cavity 26 to gasify water, and high-temperature mixed gas is formed by matching with hydrogen and the like formed in the reaction process, is sprayed out from the nozzle 27 and drives the welding flying plate 14 to locally deform and move to collide with the target plate 12, so that the welding process is completed. The liquid water and the aluminum wire 31 are consumables in the welding process, and need to be replaced again before the next welding.
The invention partially solves the problem that the welding is difficult because the melting points of two thin plate materials are different in the traditional melting welding process. Compared with electromagnetic pulse welding, the welding method has lower energy consumption, and can be applied to welding of different or same plates such as copper, silver, lithium, steel and the like besides aluminum-iron welding.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. The explosion welding method based on the reaction of aluminum and water is characterized in that the welding method is realized through a welding device, the welding device comprises a welding installation structure and an explosion reaction structure, the welding installation structure comprises an upper fixing plate (11), a target plate (12), a cushion block (13) and a welding flying plate (14), the target plate (12) is located between the upper fixing plate (11) and the cushion block (13), the explosion reaction structure comprises a base (21), an upper plate (22), a high-voltage power supply (23), a high-voltage capacitor (24) and a discharge switch (25), a reaction cavity (26) is formed between the base (21) and the upper plate (22), a nozzle (27) is arranged on the upper plate (22), an aluminum wire (31) is detachably connected to the base (21), liquid water is stored in the reaction cavity (26), and the aluminum wire (31), The high-voltage power supply (23), the high-voltage capacitor (24) and the discharge switch (25) are connected in series to form an electric loop, the welding flying plate (14) is arranged between the nozzle (27) and the gasket, and the middle of the gasket is provided with an avoidance space; a water injection hole is formed in the base (21);
the welding method comprises the following steps: injecting water into the reaction cavity (26) to ensure that the aluminum wire (31) is immersed in the water, adjusting the thickness of a gasket to adjust the distance between the target plate (12) and the welding flying plate (14), and adjusting the welding temperature and the explosion thrust by selecting the aluminum wire (31) with proper diameter to change the shape of the nozzle (27) to adapt to the shape of a welding seam; and (3) electrifying a large current to the aluminum wire, enabling water and the aluminum wire (31) to perform chemical reaction to form water vapor shock waves, pushing the welding flying plate (14) to deform locally and collide with the target plate (12) at a high speed, and forming reliable welding.
2. The explosive welding method based on the reaction between aluminum and water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminum wire (31) is detachably connected to the base (21) through two insulating mounting sleeves, and the insulating mounting sleeves comprise a conical locking tube (32) and a sheath (33) sleeved on the aluminum wire (31).
3. An explosive welding method based on the reaction of aluminium and water, according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the target plate (12) is a thin plate of steel or iron alloy material and the welding fly plate (14) is an aluminium or aluminium alloy plate.
4. The explosive welding method based on the reaction of aluminum and water according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a sealing gasket (28) is provided between the base (21) and the upper plate (22).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011505552.XA CN112605519B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202011505552.XA CN112605519B (en) | 2020-12-18 | 2020-12-18 | Explosion welding method based on aluminum and water reaction |
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| CN112605519A true CN112605519A (en) | 2021-04-06 |
| CN112605519B CN112605519B (en) | 2024-03-05 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113458234A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-01 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for forming workpiece by utilizing metal foil electrified explosion shock wave |
| CN115971712A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-04-18 | 华中科技大学 | High-speed impact welding method for metal |
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| CN108457264A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-08-28 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of roller-compactor and ramming method |
| CN108571286A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-25 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of pile foundation boring device and method |
| CN108955433A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-12-07 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Fuse explosion breaking concrete system and breaking method |
| CN111822313A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-10-27 | 北京理工大学 | Underwater sound source and shock wave source based on metal wire array electric explosion |
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2020
- 2020-12-18 CN CN202011505552.XA patent/CN112605519B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5712442A (en) * | 1988-05-27 | 1998-01-27 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method for launching projectiles with hydrogen gas |
| JP2002261104A (en) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-13 | Hitachi Ltd | Semiconductor device and electronic equipment |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113458234A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-10-01 | 华中科技大学 | Device and method for forming workpiece by utilizing metal foil electrified explosion shock wave |
| CN115971712A (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-04-18 | 华中科技大学 | High-speed impact welding method for metal |
| CN115971712B (en) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-08-18 | 华中科技大学 | High-speed impact welding method for metal |
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